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HIST O JR Y
OF THE
Life and Death ,
O F
The moft Reverend and Renowned Prelate
WILLIAM
By Divine Providence,
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, Primate of all
ENGLAND , and Metropolitan, Chancellor of the
Universities of Oxon. and Dublin, and one of the
Lords of the Privy Council to His late moft
SACRED MAJESTY
King C H A R L E S the Firft/
Second Monarch of Qreat "Britain.
CONTAINING ALSO
The Ecclefiaftical Hiftory of the Three Kingdoms
of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND,
from His firft riling till His Death.
By T.HeyljnD.D. and Chaplain to Charles the Firft
and Charles the Second, Monarchs of Great Britain.
ECCLUS. 44. VERS. i3 3.
I. Let us now praije Famous Men and cur Fathers that begat Vs.
3 . Such as did bear Rule in their Kingdoms*, Men Ren owned for their Power,
giving Counfel by their Vnderjianding^ and Declaring Prophefies.
LONDON,
Printed by J. Ml for A. Seile , and are to be Sold by George Sarobridge , J. Martyn>
% Williams, J. Place, E. Brervjler, J.Star\ey, 7- Buffet, R. Home, H. Brome,
J. might, R. Cbifieell, R. Boulter, B. look. M DC LXXl.
To the Honourable
Sir fOH^C K0 % I:K.S 0 *C Baronet ,
HIS MAJESTIES
Lieutenant of the Tower of London.
sia? •
YO V have here before you the lliflory of an
Eminent Prelate and Patriot , a Terfon
who lived the honour, and died a £\d artyr
of the Engli/h Church and State, for it was
hh fori Fate to he crufht, betwixt Popery and Schifm;
and having (againfl both*) defended the Trote/iant
Qaufe with hh Pen, he after chearfully proceeded to
Seal that Faith with his Bloud. Together with the
Story of this Great Man, you haye likewife that of
the Age he lived in, (jfpecially fo far as concerned the
Churchy wherein y oh will find recorded, many notable
Agitations and Contrivances, which it were pity fhould
be lojl in filence, and pafs away unregarded. Thefe
Confederations towards a (jentleman of your Worth,
Curioftty, and Loyalty, are warrant enough to juflifie
me in this Dedication. And yet I mujl not conceal, that
h behngsto you by another right that is to fayy the
Care of recommending thisJVorl^ to the Tublicf^, was
committed to a (jentleman, whohimfelf had prefented
it to your hand, if (jodhad not takgn him away, juft
upon the point of putting his purpofe in execution. So
zA 3 that
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
that it feems in me, as well matter of Confcience, as of
%efpeU, to deliver it wholly up to jour Tatronage
andTroteBion^ Jincein expofmg it to the world, I do
hut perform the will of my dead Father • and in ad*
drefiingitto your felf, together with mine own, I alfo
gratifie that of my deceafed Friend, The value of
the Jforl{ it felf I do not pretend to judge of, my duty
and interefl for the Author forbids it, hut for the In*
duflry, Integrity, and good meaning of the Hiflorian,
I dare become anfwerable • And in truth, I hope well of
the rejl : without which I fhould not have made bold
with Sir John Robinfon s J\(dme in the Front of it -
who being fo nearly related both in bloud and affeUion
to that Incomparable and Zealous ^Unifier of Cjod,
and his Prince ^ cannot be fides a 3\(atural, but upon an
Honourable Imprejfion, concern himfelf in the glories
or blemi/hes of this Char after, defective in nothing, but
that it could not he as ample as his worth. And now
having dif charged my trujl, and duty • as I could do no
left* f°l have little more to add for my felf, but that
1 am
SIR,
Your moft humble and
obedient Servant
HENRY HEYLYN.
I
oFS ?I5 3p Jf» >jT> 3]G jj>
ale lIc sic sic sic SlC f£C Cc
A Necetfary
INTRODUCTION
To the following
HISTORY.
EFORE we come unto the Hiftory of
this Famous Prelate, it will not be amifs
to fee upon what Principles, and Porti-
ons, the Reformation of this Church did
firft proceed 5 that fo we may the better
judge of thofe Innovations which after-
wards were thruft upon her, and thofe
Endeavours which were ufed in the latter
times to bring her back again to her firft
Condition.
i . Know therefore, that King Henry VIIL having obtained of the i.
Bijhops and Clergie, in their Convocation,Anno 1 5 30. to be acknowledg-
ed the Supream Head on Earth of the Church of England, did about
three years after, in the 26. of his Reign, confirm the faid Supremacy
to Himfelf, his Heirs and Succeflbrs, with all the PriviledgesandPre-
hemincncies thereunto belonging, by Ad of Parliament. And having
procured the faid Bijhops and Clergie, in another of their Convocations,
held in the year 1532.10 promife in verbo Sacerdotii, not to aflemble Submiflion of]
from thenceforth in any Convocations, or Synodical Meetings, but as the Clergie,
they fliould be called by his Majeures Writ $ nor to make any Canons
or Conjlitutions, Synodal or Provincial, without his Leave and Licence
thereunto obtained 5 nor, finally, to put the fame in Execution, till
they were Ratified and Confirmed under the CreatSeal of England:
Procured alfo an Act of Parliament to bind the clergie to their pro-
mife. Which Act, called commonly, The Att of the fubmijjion of the
Clergie , doth bear this name in Pultons Abridgment, viz,. That the
Clergie in their Convocation, J/jould Enatf no Conftitutions without the Charafter,
Kings affent, Anno 25. Henry viii. c. 19. Which Grounds (6 laid, he
caufed this Queftion to be debated in both Univerfitics, and all the Fa-
mous Monafteriesof the Kingdom : viz. An aliquid authoritatis in hoe
Regno Ang\'ix,PontiJi'ci Romanosfe jure competat,plnfquam alii cuicumq'^
Epifcopo extero. Which Queftion being concluded in the Negative, and
B that
and
J\(jceffarj IntrcduUion
Ejection of
the Pcpc.
II.
No Diminu-
tion of the
Power and
Priviledges of
the Church by
the Alccrati-
en.
III.
The manner
of Elefting
and Confir-
ming Arch-
Bifhops and
Bifhops,
Eftabliflied
by King
HtNRY VIII.
that Conclulion ratified and confirmed in the Convocation, Anno 1534-
there pafr an Act of Parliament about two years after. Intituled, An Alt
Extinguiflnng the Authority of the Biflwps of Rome. In which there was an
Oath prefcribed, for abjuring the Topes Authority within this Realm :
The refilling whereof was made High-Treafon, Anno 28. Henry viii.
c. 10.
2. But this Exclufionof the rope, asit did no way prejudice the c7er-
gie in their power of making Canons, Conftitutions, and other Sy??odical
Acts-, but only brought themtoadependance upon the King for the
better ordering of the fame 5 fo neither did it create any diminution of
the Power and Priviledges of the Arch-Bifhops. and Bifhops in the free
exercifeof that Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiclion which anciently belonged to
them. For in the Aft of Submiffion before-mentioned, there palled 3
Claufe.that all former Conftitutions £jwft/.</, ovfrovincial^which were
not contrary to the Word of God, the Rings Prerogative Royal,or the
Laws and Statutes of this Realm, fhould remain in force,until they were
reviewed and fitted for the ufe of the Church, by 32 CommiffionerSj
to be nominated by the King for that end and purpofe : Which review
being never made in the time of that King, nor any thing done in it by
King EdwardVl. (though he had an Act of Parliament to the fame ef-
fect ) the faidOld Canons and Conftitutions remained in force, as be-
fore they were. By means wherf of, all caufes Teftawentary, Matri?no~
vial, and Suits for Ty thes ; all matters of Incontinency, and other no-
torious Crimes which gave publick Scandal 5 all wilful abfence from
Divine Service,Irreverence,andother Mifdemeanours in the Church,
not punifhable by theLaws of the Land,were (till referved unto the Ec-
clefiaftical Courts. Thofe Ancient Canons and Conftitutions remaining
alfo for the perpetual ftanding Rule by which the proceedings in thofe
Courts were to be regulated and directed; fo as it doth appear moft
clearly, that it was not the purpofe of that King, either to diminifhthe
Authority, or to interrupt the Succeffion of Bifhops, which had conti-
nued in this Church, from the firft Plantation of the Gofpel, to that ve-
ry time : but only to difcharge them from depending on the Popes of
Rome, or owing any thing at all to their Bulls and Faculties, which had
been fo chargeable to themfelves, and exhaufted fo great apart of the
Treafure of the Kingdom from one year to another.
3. Upon this ground he paft an Act of Parliament, in the 25. year of
his Reign, for the Elefting and Confecrating of ArchbiJI.wps and Bifiops.
In which it was Enacted, that on the Vacancy of every Bifhoprick with-
in this Realm, his Majelty fhould ifTue out his Writ of Conge d' eJJireto
the Dean and chapter of the Church fo Vacant, thereby enabling them
to proceed to the Election of another Bifhop 3 that the Election be-
ing returned by the Dean and Chapter, and ratified by the Pvoyal
Alfent, his Majelty fhould iffue out his Writ to the Metropolitan of the
Province, to proceed unto the Confirmation of the Party Elected 5
andthatif the Party fo Confirmed, had not before been Confecrated
Bifhop of fome other Church, that then the Metropolitan taking to
himfelf two other Bifhops at the leaflr, fhould proceed unto the Confe-
cration, in fuch form and manner, as was then practifed by the Church}
fo
to the following Hiftory.
_ ■ w
fo that, as to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Confecration, there was
no alteration made at all. Thofe which wereConfccrated after thepaf-
fing of this Statute, were generally acknowledged for true and lawful
Bifhops, by the Papifts themfelves > or otherwife Dr. Thomas Thurlby,
Bifhopof Weflminfier, had never been admitted to have been one of
thofe who afiiftedat the Confecrating of Cardinal Fool, when he was
made Arch-Bifhop of Canterbury, on the death of Cranmer. All which
recited Statutes with every thing depending on them, being abroga-
ted by Aft of Parliament in the timeof Queen Mary, were revived in ftm COncinu-
the firft Year of Queen Elizabeth, and fo (till continue. But fo it svas not ing in effeft^
with another alteration made in the form of exercifing their jurifdi&i- [J^fomeStV
on by King Edw. VI. In the firft Parliament of whofe Reign, it was en- tmes to the
afted, that all procefs out of the Ecclefiaftical Courts fhould from S^Sw^Vfc
thenceforth be iilued in the Kings Name only, and under the Kings
Seal of Arms,contrary to the ufage of the former times. Which Statute
being repealed by Queen Mary, and not revived by Queen Elizabeth,
the Biflbops and their fubordinare Minifters have ever fince cxercifed
all manner of Ecclefiaftical Jurifdifrion in their own Names, and un-
der the diftincc Seals of their feveral Offices.
4. In Doctrinals and Forms of Wormip.there was no alteration made ■
in the Reign of Kingffew-jr VIII. though there were many preparati- Nation of "the
6ns and previous difpofitionsto it 5 the edge of Ecclefiaftical Affairs be- church under
ing fomewhat blunted3and the peopleindulged a greaterLiberty in con- EDW>
fulting with the Holy Scriptures, ant! reading many Books of Evange-
lical Piety, then they had been formerly : which having left the way
more open to Arch-Bifhop Cranmer, and divers other learned and Re-
ligious Vr elates in King Edwards time( leconded by the Lord Protect* or,
and other great ones of the Court, who had their ends apart by them-
felves J they proceeded carefully and vigoroufly to a Reformation. In
the managing of which great bufinefs, they took the Scripture for their
ground, according to the general explication of the ancient Fathers 5.
the practice of the Primitive times for their Rule and Pattern, as it was
expreflcd to them in approved Authors: No regard had to Luther or Modelled ac-
Calvin, in the procedure of their work, but only to the Writings of ^Scriptures
the Prophets and Apoftles, Chriji Jejl/s being the Corner-Jione of that and the An-
excellent Structure. MelanUhons coming was expected (Regiis Literk clcnt Fathers>
in hnglizmvocatus, as he affirms in an Epiftle to Cawerarius *)buthe
camenotover. And Calvin made an orTerof his fer vice to Arch-Bifhop
Cranmer, (si qui smeiuf us ejfet, if any ufc might be made of him to
promote the work ) but the Arch-Bifhop knew the man, and refufed
the other} fothat it cannot be affirmed, that the Reformation of this buc
Church, waseither Lutheran or Calvinian in its firft original. And yet
it cannot be denied,but that the firft Reformers of it did look with more
refpe&ful eyes upon the Do&rinals, Government, and Forms of Wor-
fhip in the Lutheran Churches, then upon thofe of Calvins platform 3 jtri relation
becaufe the Lutherans in their Doctrines, Government, and Forms of rather to the
Worthip, approach't more near the Primitive Patterns than the other Lutheran
did: and working acording to this rule, they retained many of thofe n^an Form*,
ancient Rites and Ceremonies, which had been practifed , and almoft all
B 2 the
<iA 3\(ece farj Introduction
* the Holy Days or Annual Feafis which had been generally obferved m
the Church of Rome. Nothing that was Apofiolit\, or accounted Pri-
mitive did fare the worfe for being Popiflj I mean for having been
made ufc of in times of Popery : it being none of their defigns to create
a new Church, but reform the old. Such SuperftitionS and Corrupti-
ons ashad been contracted in that Church, by longtra&of timc5beini;
pared away, that which was good and commendable did remain as
formerly : It was not their intent to dig up a foundation of fuch preci-
ous ftones, becaufe fomefuperftru&uresr of Straw and Stubble had been
railed upon it. A moderation much applauded by King James, in the
Conference at Hampton-Court 5 whofe golden Aphorifmxx. was, That no
Church ought farther to fcparate it felf from the Church of Rome, either
i n Do&rine or Ceremony, then Jfje had departed from her felf when fie was />
her fourifling and beji cfiate, p. 77.
v. 5 . The fuccerlion of Bifliops continued as it did before, but fitted in
(V^ao der" ^c ^m anc* manner oftheir Confecrations,accordingtothe Rules laid
from chat of down with the fourth Council of Carthage, celebrated /(////<? 407. or
the Presby- thereabouts, and generally received in all the Provinces of the YVeltern
tcry* Church, as appears by the Book of Confecrating Arcb-Bifljops and
Bifljops, &c. Approved firfl: by the Book of Articles, and confirmed in
Parliament,^////* 5. 6. EdwardVL as afterwards juftified by the Articles
of Religion agreed upon in Convocation in Queen Elizabeths tkne,
Anno 1562. And by an Aft of Parliament in the 8th. Year of her Reign,
accounted ofas part of our Publick Liturgies. And by that Book it will
appear, that Bifhops were then looked upon as a diftinft Order of them-
felves, and not as a different degree only amongft the relt of the frCsly-
ter s 5 For in the Preface to that Book, it is faid exprefly, ihat it is evi-
dent to all men, diligently reading Holy Scripture, and Ancient Author.*,
that from the Apofcles time there have been thefe Orders of A/inificrs in
the Church of c/jr//2,Bi(hops,Priefcs,andDeacons:Notlong after which',
it followeththus, viz,. Andtherefore to the intent thefe Orders Jhouldbe
continued, and reverently ufedand efleemed in the Church of England, it
if requisite, that no man (not being at this preftnt £>i(hop^ Prieft, or Dea-
con) flail execute any of them, except he be Called, Tryed and Examined,
according to the form hereafter following. But becaufe perhaps it will be
faid that the Preface is no part of the Book, which ftands approved by
the Articles of the Church, and eftablifhed by the Laws of the Land,
let us next look into the Body of the Book it felf, where, in the Form
of Confecrating of Arch-Bifljops , or Bifliops, we find a prayer in thefe
words, viz. Almighty God, giver of all good things, who hafl appointed,
diver s Orders of Mim&tr sin thy Church, Mercifully behold this thy Ser-
vant, now called to the Work^aud Minifiry of a Bilfiop, dnd replenifl him
fi with the truth of Do&r'wc, and Innocency of Life, that both by word
and deed he may faithfully ferve thee in this office, &c. Here we have
three Orders of Minifters, Bifljops, Priejis, and Deacons 5 the Bijhop dif-
fering as much in Order from the Pricjl, as the Prieji differs in Order
from the Dcaconiwh\ch might be further made apparent in the different
Forms ufed in Ordering of the Priefts and Deacons, and the form pre-
fer ibed for the ConfccratioM of an Arch-Bi(hop, or Bithop, were not this
furficicnt. 6. But
V
to the following Htjlory.
6. But though the Presbyters or Priefts, were both in Order and Degree ^
beneath the Bi flops, and confequently not enabled to exercife any pub- afcribedun-
lick Jurifuiclion in judicii, in the Courts of Judicature : yet they JJ {J^j^
retained their native and original power in Foro Confident ia, in the - 1 '
Court of Confcience, by hearing the confeffion of a forrowful and af-
flicted Pe?;/tvnt0 and giving him the comfort of Abfolution, a power con-
ferred upon them in their Ordination 5 in the Form whereof, it is pre-
Icribcd that the Bifwp, and the affifting Presbyters, fhall lay their Hands
upon the Head of the Party who is to be Ordained Prietf, the Bifhop
only faying thefe words, wi5. Receive the Holy Ghofl, ivhofe (ins thou doejl
forgive they arc forgiven, and whofe his thou doejl retain, they are retain-
ed^ In the Name of the Father, and the Son, and of the Holy Ghofl, Amen.
Which words had been impertinently, and unfignificantly ufed, if the
Triejl received not thereby power to Abfolve a (inner, upon the fenfeof
his fincereand true repentance, manifefted in Confeffion, or in any
other way whatfoever. And this appears yet further by the direction
of the Church, in point of Practice 5 Forfirft, it is advifedintheend
of the fecond Exhortation before the recei v ing of theCommunion,that
jf any of the people cannot other wife quiet his own Confcience, he OjouUI re- ™ hearing the
• r.\~ a w Jr * ji * J-*, ■ -a r ^ J Confeflion of,
pair unto bii Citrate, or fome other difrect ana learned Minijter oj Gods
Word, and open his grief that he may receive fuch Ghojily counfel, and ad-
vice, and comforts, as his Confcience may be relieved, and that by the Mi-
ni firy of Gods Word, he may receive comfort >, and the benefit of Abfolution,
to the quieting of his Confcience, and avoiding all fcruple and doubt fulnejs.
Agreeable whereunto is that memorable faying of$.AuguJline, viz.^z and
conjiteri vnlt ut inveniat gratiam, quarat faccrdotem. Secondly, It is pre-
(eribed in the Vijitation of the Sicl^, That the Sick^pcrfon full make a
(pecialConfejjion, if he feel his Confcience troubled with any weighty mat-
ter, and that the Prieji foall thereupon Abfolve him in this manner fol-
lowing, cc Our Lord Jefus Chrift, who hath left power to his Church giving Abfcfo-
cc to Abfolve 2W Sinners which truly repent and believe in him, of his n,°"n°p|[rctvC*
cc great Mercy forgive thee thy Offences 5 and by his Authority com-
" mitted to me, I Abfolve thee from all thy Sins, in the name ofthe Fa-
cc ther, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghoft, Amen. Which form of
Abfolution, is' plainly Authoritative, and not Declarative only, ('fuch as
that is which follows the General Confeffion, in the beginning of the
Morning and Evening Prayer ) as fome men would have it.
7. Now that the Penitent, as well in the time of Health, asinextre- Thefecurity
mity of Sicknefs, may pour his Sins into the Bofbm of thePrieft, with ofthe Pcni-
themorefecurity 5 it isefpccially provided, by the 1 1 5 . Canon ofthe ^jf'thi^*
Year 1603. fc That if any man Confefs his fecret and hidden fins to church,
cc theMinifter, for the unburtheningofhis Confcience, and to receive
cc fpiritual Confolation and eafe of Mind from him, we do not any
cc way bind the faid Minifter by this our Confiitution : but do ftreightly
cc chargeandadmonifhhimthathe do not at any time reveal and make
" known to any perfon whatfoever any Crime or Offence fo commit-
cc ted to his fecrefie, ("except they be fuch Crimes as by the Laws of
<c this Realm his own Life may be called in queftion for concealing the
" fame J under the pain of Irregularity. And by incurring the condi-
tion
$A U^eceffary IntroduSion
tion of Irregularity, the party offending doth not only forfeit all the Ec~
cleftafttcal Preferments which he hath at theprefent, but renders him-
felf uncapablc of receiving any other for the time to come. Confejfion
made uponfuch fecurity will be as favingtothe Fame of the Penitent,
as the Abfdution to his Soul. In which relpecl: it was neither untruly
thort 1101 un^t'v ^a'^ by a learned Writer, Dominus fequitur fcrvttm, &c.
of ASfoiiiS Heaven (faith hejwaits and expects the Priefts Sentence here on Earthi
more fully for the Pricft fits Judge on Earth, the Lord follows the Servant : and
jurtiftcd. what the Servant binds or loofeth here on Earth (Clave non err ante)
that the Lord confirms in Heaven,
vin. 8. The like Authority is vefted in the Prieft or Prefbyter at his Ordi-
ThcfCw"ch n***0*^*1 officiating the Divine Service of the Church, offering the
^"formed Peoples Prayers to God, Preaching the Word3and Miniftring the Holy
by the Pricft, Sacraments in the Congregation 5 Which Offices, though they may be
performed by the Bijhops, as well as the Presbyters: yet they perform
them not as Bifjops, but as Presbyters only. And this appears plainly by
the Form of their Ordination, in which it isprefcribed, that the Bijhops
putting the Bible into their hands, (hall pronounce thefe words, Take,
thou authority to preach the Word) and mini ft er the Holy Sacraments in
attired at or- the Congregation where thou Jfjalt be fo appointed. In the officiating of
dinary times vvhich A&s of Gods Divine Service, the Prieft, or Presbyter is enjoyned
plicx S"r" t0 wear a Surplice of white Linen Cloth, to teftifie the purity of Do-
ctrine, and innocencyof Life and Converfation, whichought tobein
one of that Holy Profeffion. And this St. Jerome tells us in the general,
Rekrionem Divinam altcrumhabitum habere in minifterio, alter urn in ujh
vitaqm communi: that is to fay, that in the Act of Miniftration, they
and ufed a different habit, from what they ufed towear at ordinary times.
And whatthis different habit was, he tells us more particularly in his
repl v againft Pelagi us >who it feems diflik't it 3 and afkt him what offence
he thought it could be to God, that Bifhops, Priefts, and Deacons, or
thofc of any inferiour Order, in Adminiftrationejacrificiorum candid.t
vefte procejjerint, did in the miniftration of the Sacraments beftir them-
at extraordi ^c^vcs ^n a wn'te Vefture 5 fo he adverf. Pelag Lib. 2. with which coro-
nary in his pare St. Chryfoftom in his ^.Homily on St. Matthews Gofpcl, for the Ed-
Cape, ftern Churches: And hereunto the Cope was added in fame principal
Churches, ejpecially in the Celebration of the Blejfed Eucharift. Both which
appear molt evidently by the firft Liturgieoti King EdwardVl. compa-
red with one of the laft claufes of the Act of Parliament, 1. Elizabeth
C.2- in which it is provided, that fuch ornaments of the Church and of the
Mini Hers Jt:all be retained and be in ufe, of were in the Church 0/England
by Authority of Parliament in the fecondyear of the Reign of King Edward
VI. But this Vefture having been difcontinued ( I know not by what
fatal negligence J many years together, it pleafed the Bifhops and Cler-
gie in the Convocation, Anno 1 603 . to pafs a Canon to this purpofe, viz.
c: That in Cathedral and Collegiate Churches the Holy Communion
<c (hall be adminiftred upon principal Feafl: days, fometimeu by the
Bifhops Oc. and that the principal Minifter ufing a decent Cope, Sec.
Canon 24.
ix. 9. In that part of Divine Service which concerns the offering of the
peoples
to the following Htflorj.
people* Prayers to Almighty God, it was required of the Priejl or Pre j- Jhc £ricftin
i t „ " J, . , i j 1 • • , r \- t n his officiating
byter'-) hrir, that in all the days and times appointed, he tiled the Pray- t|leDivine
ers prefcribed in the publick Litttrgie, according to the Aft of Parlia- Service of the
ment, i Eliz- c. 2. and many fabfequent Canons and Conflitutions> made church»
in thnt behalf. Secondly , c« That he conformed himfelfto thofe Rites
cc and Ceremonies i which were prefcribed in that Book,and unto fuch as
" fhould be afterwards ordained by the Queens Majefty, with the ad-
tc vice of herCommiiTioners appointed,and authorized under the Creat
cC Seal of England, for caufes Ecclefiaftical, or of the Metropolitan of
cc this Realm, as may be moft for the advancement of Gods Glory,
<c the edifying of his Church, and the due reverence of ChriftsHoly
<c Myfteries and Sacraments. And thirdly, and more particular- Reftrained to
ly, " That in his reading of the Prayers and Pfalms, he turn his face pHS'0"4
ts towards the Eaft, and toward the People in the reading of theLef-
" fonsor Chapters, as appears plainly by the Rubrick which dire&s
him thus, "That after the reading of the Pfalms, the Prieft fhall read
" two LelTons diftinftly, that the people may hear 3 the Prieft that
" reads the two Lelfons ftanding, and turning himfelf fo as he may
<c beft be heard of all fuch as be prefent. The Pfalms or Hymns to be
indifferently faid or fung at the will of the Minifter , but the Hymns
for the moft part fung with Organs^ and fometimes with other Mufical
Inftruments both in the Royal Chappels and Cathedral Churches*
Fourthly, cc That he makes ufe of no other Prayers in the Congre- rtotperrnit-
ce gation 5 C and therefore neither before nor after Sermon J then thofe yj| jjj
" which are prefcribed in the faid Book of Common Prayer : it being ownCompo-
cc fpecially provided in the Adaforefaid3 that no Prieft, nor Minifter fing.
cc fhall ufe any other Rite, Ceremony, Order, Form, or manner of
cc Celebrating the Lords Supper openly, or privately, or Mattens^ E-
ct vening Song, Adminiftration of the Sacraments,or other open Prayers
cc (" that is to fay, fuch Prayers as are meant for others to come unto
" or hear, either in comrnon Churches, or private Chappels, &c .) Tyed to offi.
M then is mentioned or fct forth in the fame Book. Fifthly, "That all b0Vh«raor-
ec Priefts and Deacons (hall be bound to fay daily the Morning and E- ning and
cc vening Prayer, either privately or openly, except they bclettby evening»
cc Preaching, ftudying of Divinity, orfome other urgent caufe. And
fixthly, cc That the Curate that miniftreth in every Parilh Church, or
cc Chappel, being at home and not being otherwile reafonably letted,
cc fhall fay the fame in thePariih Church or Chappel where he mini-
cc ftreth, and (ball toll a Bell thereto at convenient time, before he be-
cc gin, that fuch as are difpofed,may come to hear Gods Word,andpray bat
cc with him } fo as in fome cafes it may be (aid of the Prieft, as the Fa-
ther doth of Chrift, that he is, Os ipfum per quod loquimur^ The very
mouth by which we (peak unto our Father which is in Heaven. And
though it be intended in the Acl: of Parliament, and expreft in the Ar-
ticles of Religion, that the Prayers are to be made in fuch a tongue as
may be underftood of the common people^yet it is not meant asisdecla-
red in thePreface to the Book it felf,but that when men fay Morning and ™ 'jj
Evening Prayers privately, they may fay the fame in any language atingintbe
that they themfel ves underftand. Noi was it meant but that the Mor- Lat;n t0D$*e
/ . at lome times
niDg tnd places.
<zA ZNjcejfary IntroduSion
ning and Evening Service might beufedin the Colleges and Halls of
either Univerfity in the Latine tongue, where all may befuppofedto
underftand it; as appears clearly by the conftant and continual pra-
ctice oiChrift-Church in Oxonjn which the firft Morning Prayers com-
monly read about fix of the Clock, were in Latine : the Morning and
Evening Service, with the Pfalms of Davids being Printed in Latine by
themfelves for that end andpurpofe.
x io. As for the Preaching of the Word, that belongs properly and o-
Presbytcrs riginally (as the performance of all other Divine Offices did of old) to
wMouc'bc* t^ie Bifhops themfelves, as being the ordinary Pallors of the feveral
!ng Licenced, and rcipecYive Diocefl'es^ and to the Priefts no otherwife then by depu-
tation, as Curates, and fubftitutes to the Bifhops, as may be proved
out of the Inftrument of their Infitntion. For when aCIerk is to be ad-
mitted into any Benefice, he putshimfelf upon his knees; and the Bi-
fhoplayingoneHand uponhisHead, and havingthe Inftrumentinthe
other, repeats thefe words, ziz.TeN. N. ad Retfcriam de N. Rite&
Canonice inflituimm, cur am & regimen animarum V ar ochianorum ibi-
dem tibi in Domino committentcs, £^ committimns per prefkntes '-, that is
\ to fay, that he doth inftitute him into the faid Benefice, according to
the Laws and Canons 5 committing to him by thefe prefents, the care
and Government of the Souls of all the Parilhioners therein: And
therefore it concerns the Bifhop not to Licence any man to Preach to
the Congregation, of whofegood affections to thePublick, abilities in
Learning, fobriety of Life and Converfation, and conformity to the
Government, Difcipline, and Form of Worlhip here by Law eftabli-
thed, he hath not very good alTurance. For though the Prieft or Pref-
byter by his Ordination hath Authority to preach the word of God in
By whom the Congregation, yet it is with thisclaufe of Limitation, If he JJiall
they were to appointed that is to fay, fufficiently Licenced thereunto, and not
ced " otherwife. And none were Licenced heretofore, as was exprefly or-
dered in the injunctions of Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth, but either
by theBilhop of the Diocefs, who is to anfwer by the Law (for every
Minifter he admits into the fame) for that Diocefs only : or by the Me-
tropolitan of the Province,for that Province alone: or finally by either
of the Univerfities (upon the well performing offomepublick exercife)
d h the ovcr a^ t^ie K'n&d°m' Considering therefore that every man that
1 ^direfted could pronounce welljWas not found able to indite, and every man that
were
to the read-
ing of Homi-
lies.
XI.
Preaching or
Homilizing
only once a
day on the
Sundays, and
Holy days.
could indite, not being to be trufted in a bufinefs of fuch weight and
moment; it feemedgood intheWifdomof the firfl: Reformers to com-
pile fome good and profitable Sermons ("called by the name of Homi-
//ex) to be read carefully and diftin&ly on the Sundays and Holy days
for the inftru&ion of the people.
1 1. Such courfe was taken for the peace and edification of theChurch
by the firfl: Reformers, not only in the choice of the men to whom they
gave Licences to preach, but in lupplying the defect and want of fuch
preaching by the Book of Homilies : and they had as great a care too
for the keeping of the people in good fromach, not cloying them with
continual Preaching, or Homilizing: but limiting them to once a day,
as appears by the Kubrick after the Nicene (or rather the Ccnfiantino-
politan
to the following Hijlory.
9
ppht m v reed. ) One Sermon or Homily in the mornings of Sundays and
o.her Holy days, for the edification of the elder 5 and Catechizing by #
way of qieiKon and anfwer in the afternoon, for the inftruction of
the younger, was efteemcd fufficiejit. Lectures upon the week-days
were not raifed upon this foundation, but were brought in afterwards,
borrowed by Tracers arid the reft,towards the latter end of Queen Eli- Lc^urc,upon
%tbetks Reign, from the new fafhioris of Geneva^ the Lecturer being working days,
luncr-added to the TurfoU) or Vicar , as the Dotfor was unto the Tafior fJ^aTends
in fome foreign Churches. Nor were they raifed fomuch out of care hefted! en
and conference, for training up the people in the ways of Faith and
Pietv, as to advance a Faction, and to alienate thepeopies minds from
the Government and Forms of Worfhip here by Law eftablifhed. For
thefe Lecturers having no dependence upon the Bifhops, nor taking the an<1
Oath of Canonical Obedience to them,nor fubferibing to the Doctrine
and eftabliiht Ceremonies, made it their work topleafe thofe Patrons,,
onwhofe arbitrary maintenance they were planted, andconfequently of the dan-
to carry on the P#r/f intereft, which their Patron drove at. A genera- fjjfcjjj*
tionof men neither Lay,nor Clergy, having no place at all in the Pray- JhciBfS.
ers of the Church, where we find mention only of Bifhops, Paftors, t«on.
and Curates 5 nor being taken notice of in the terms of Law, as being
ueit . / v.r, nor vicars: or, to fpeakthem in the vulgar proverb,
neither fllefb, nor fifti, nor good red herring: Nocreature in the world
folike them as the Bats, or Keremicej being neither Birds nor Beafts,
and yet both together. Had thefe men been looked upon in time, be-
fore thei r numbers were increafed, and their power grown formidable,
before the people went a madding after new inventions, moft of the
mifchiefs which have thence enfued might have been prevented. And
had there been more reading of Homilies, in which the Reader fpeaks
the fence of the Church 5 and not fo much of Sermonizing, in which the
Preacher many times fpeaks his own factious and erroneous fence 3 the
people might have been trained up in no lefs knowledge, but in much
more obedience then they have been in thefe latter times.
12. As for the Sacraments which were advanced to the number offe- XTj;
ven in the Church of Rome, this Church hath brought them back to Of Sacra-
two (as generally necejfiirytofalvaticn) Baptifm> and the Holy Supper: ^f^,^a"
Four of the reft, that is to fay, Marriage, Orders, Confirmation, and the
Vifitatian ("though not the ExtreamVn&ion) of the SicJ{be'mg retained
under the name of Sacramentals'm ourpublick Liturgie : Of which the
Book of Confecrating Arch-Bifhops and Bifhops, &c. is by the Aft of
Parliament 8 Ehz. c. 1. affirmed to be a Supplement, or Additional
only (added, put to, and annexed, asthe words do vary) to the faid
Book of Common-Prayer. And of thefe four, two are referved unto
the Bi(hop, that is to fay. Confirmation, and the giving of Orders j the
other two, viz. Marriage and the visitation of the Sick, being common
to both alike, though executed in the moft part by the Presbyter only.
Of thofe referved unto the Bifhop,the one is fo referved necejfitatem
operis, becaufe it cannot be done without him : the other ad honorem
facer dotii (as theSchools diftinguifh) becaufe it cannot be well done but
by him. Touching the firft, we have the general confent of all ancient
C Writers,
LO
3S(jcej[ary IntroduBion
No Orders to
be given but
by Bifhop*
or,Iy,
and Confir-
mation rec-
koned for
one of their
peculiars.
The reft pro-
milcuoufly
permitted to
the Presby-
ter alfo.
XIII.
Penance
how far re-
tain'd in the
Church of
England.
Not only as
commemora'
ted on fcfh-
wednefday
yearly,
but
As judicially
i in poled on
fcandalous
and notori-
ous Sinners
in the open
Confiftory.
Writers, and the example of Colnthus, who took upon him the ordain-
ing of Presbyters, contrary to the Rules of the Churchy andtheC«»<?«x
of themoft famous Councils. But when the bufinefs came to be ex-
amined, his Ordinations were declared to be null and void, becaufehe
was a Presbyter only, and not a Bifhop '■, as is affirmed by Athanafius in
Apol. i. The other grounded on the 8th. Chapter of the ABs, as St. Cy-
prian inhis73.Epiftletellsus; where Peter and John are faid to have
laid hands on them m Samaria, which had been before Baptized in the
Name of the Lord Jefus, that they might receive the Holy Ghoft, and that
by hying on of their hands they did receive the Holy Ghoft accordingly,
verfe 1 6, 17. Quodnnnc quoctuc apud nos geritnr, &c. £c Which is alio
••c done,faith St.Cyprian ("and Cyprian flourifht in the middle of the third
tc Century) amongfc our felves, when they which be already Baptized*
Cc arc brought unto the Prelates of the Church (Prapofitis Ecclefa rffe-
« runtur ) that by our Prayer and Impofition of our hands they may
cc receive the Holy Ghoft, and be ftrengthened by the Seal of the
<€ Lord. Upon which grounds ("befides the great antiquity of it} it was
retained by the firft Reformers, as in the Rubric^ before Confirmation,
in the Common-Prayer-Booki And had it been as diligently praftifed by
theBithopsin the declining times of this Church, asitwaspioufly and
religioufly retained by them, it would have much conduced to their
fafeftandinginthe Church, and procured a greater veneration to their
Perfons alfo. The other two, viz. Marriage, and the Visitation of the
Sickj together with the Burial of the Dead, and the Churching of Wo-
men after Child-birth, are left to the officiating of the Prieit, or Pa-
rochial Minifter, unlefs the Bifliop pleafe to take that work upon him-
felf in fome certain cafes.
13. But as for Penance (one of the (even Sacraments in the Church of
Rome) wemuftlook upon in a double capacity. Firft, As it wasfolemn-
ly performed on Ajhtoednefday, as a preparative to the approaching
Feaftof E after the people humbling themfelves before the Lord in
Sackcloth and Afhes, whence it had the name. Andfecondly, As im-
pofed on fuch particular perfons,as lay under the cenfures of theChurch.
Touching the firft, it is related in the beginning of the Commination,
that in the Primitive Church there was a godly Difciplinc, " That at
cc the beginning of Lent, fuch perfons as were notorious finners were
ct put to open Penance, and punifhed in this world, that their Souls
cc might be faved in the day of the Lord, and that others admonilhed
" by their example might be the more afraid to offend. The Reftitu-
tionof which godly Difcipline, though they much defired j yet find-
ing that the times were not like to bear it, they contented themfelves
with prefcribing a form of Commination, to be obferved upon that day,
containing a recital of Gods Curfes thundred out againft impenitent
Sinners, to be publickly read out of the Pulpit, by the Prieft or Presby-
ter ■> fubjoyning thereunto one of the Penitential Pfalms, with certain
Prayers which had been ufed in the Formularies ofxhe times foregoing}
and then proceeding to the Epiftle and Gofpel (with the reft of the
Communion Service) appointed for the firft day of Lent in the publick
Liturgiei As for the other fort of Penance, there was not any thing
more
to the following Htjlory. n
mare frequent in the practice of the Church, and the difpenfation ofthe
Keys, then the impoiingof it by the Bifhops and their Officers, upon
Adulterers, Fornicators, and fuch as other wife have given fcandal by
their irregular courfeof lite, or by their obfrinate inconformity to the
Rites and Ceremonies here by Law eftablifht : upon performance of
which Penance in the face of the Church, or in the way of Commutation,
for the ufe of the poor, they were to have the benefit of Abfolution, and
conlequently be rd>ored to the peace and bofomof the Church. And
though there be no formprefenbed in our Liturgie, for the reconciling
of a Penitent after the performance of his Penance, which I have many
times vvondred at 3 yet fo much care was taken in the Convocation
ofthe year 1 640. that no Alfolution fljoitlcl be given, but by theBiJhop
himjelf in perfin, or by fim: other in Holy Orders, having Ecclc fiafiical
Jurifdittion, or by fome grave Minijter, (being a Mafter of Arts at the
leaft ) and Beneficed xcithin the Diocefs, to be appointed by the Bijhop, the
fime to be performed in the open Confiftory, or fome Church or Chappel, the
Penitent humbly cravings and taking it upon his knees, Cm. 13. Which
was as much as could be done in that point of time.
14. Suchbeingthe duty of the Prieft, we fhall next look upon the XIV:
place and times in which they are to be performed 5 the place of publick of°church«
Wormipthey call generally (according to the ftyleof the ancient Fa- truly Primi-
thers ) by the name of the church. For confecrating or letting apart t,vc"
whereof to Religious ufes, I find fo great authority in the Primitive
times,as wil fufficiently free it from the guilt of Popery: Witnetethetefti-
mony which Pope Tins gives of his Sifter Eutorepia in an Epiftle tojuftus
Vien'nenfis, Anno 158. or thereabouts, for fetting apart her own Houfe
for the ufe and fervice of the Church: VVitnefs the teftimony which
Metayhraft.es gives of Felix the firft, touching his Confecrating of the Honoured
houfe of Ci cilia, about the year 272. And that which Damufis gives *0n^/aftsca*
unto Marcellinus, who mcceeded Felix, for confecrating the houfe '
of Luciniafor: Religious ufes : witnefs the famous confecration of the
Temple of the Holy Mirtyrs in Jerujalem, founded by Conftantinc the
Great, at which almoft all the Bijhops in the Eaftern parts were fum-
moned, and called together by the Emperors Writ : and finally (not
to defcend to the following times) witnefs the 89th. Sermon of St. Am- aIi4
brofe, entituled De Dedicatione Bafdic£, Preached at the Dedication
of a Church built by Vitalianus and Majanus, and the invitation of
Paulinus, another Bijhop of that Age, made by Sulpitius Severus hisef-
pecial Friend, Ad Baf.licam qua pro rex erat, in nomine Domini confum-
mabitur, dedicandum, to be prefent at the Dedication of a Church of
his foundation : which Dedications, as they were folemnized with Thofc Feafti
Feaftings, for entertainment of the company which reforted tothera, ™*Cim*'
fo were thofe Feafts perpetuated in fucceeding Ages by an annual Re-
petition, or Remembrance of them : fuch annual Dedication-Feafts
being called in England,Wukes,or Revels,and in fome places only Feafls, aid
according to the ftyle and phrafe of their feveral Countries. Imuft
confefs that there occurs no form of fuch Confecration in our Englifh
Liturgies: thofetimes were more inclinable to the pulling down of old
churches, then building of new 5 witnefc the demolition of fo many
C a Hof
11
Of the Form
of Confecra-
tion obfer-
ved.butnct
prefcribed
fi nee the Re-
formation.
^tA ZNjceffary Introduction
XV.
What kind
of Images
they are,
which were
prohibited by
die Queens
Injunctions.
The Articles'
of the Regal
Vifitation,
Hojpitjlsj chanteries, and Free Chappels in the unfortunate minority of
King Edward VI. But when the times were better fettled, and that new
Churches began to be erected, and the old ones to be repaired, fome
Bijfiops made a Form of Confecrating to be ufed by themfelveson fuch
occations. And others followed a Form compofea by Biftiop Andrews 5
a man as much averfe as any, from the Corruptions and Superftitions
of the Church of Rome. But if the Convocation of the Year 1640. had
not been fo precipitated to a fpeedy conclufion by the tumults of un-
ruly people, itisprobable, if not certain, that a Canon had been paffed
for digeftttig an uniform order of fuch Confecrations, as there was
made a body of Vifitation- Articles for the publick ufe of all thatex-
ercifed Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiction, which every BiQiop and Arch-Dea-
con had before fafliioned for themfelves.
1 5. Next to the Confecration of Churches, follows in courfe the ne-
ceflary repair and adorning of them 5 not only required by feveral Ca-
nons and Injunctions of Queen Elizubet/.s time, the Canons of the Year
1609. and fome Kubricks in the Book of Common-Prayer; but alio
by fome Homilies which were made of purpofe to excite the people
thereunto: that is to fay, the Homilies of the right ufe of the Church,
for repairing and keeping clean the Church, and of the time and place
of Frayer. Thequeftion is, whether the ufe of painted Images on the
Walls or Windows were tolerated or forbidden by the Rule of the Re-
formation j They which conceive them to have been forbidden by the
Rules of the Church, alledge for defence of their opinion, the Queens-
injunction, publifaed in the firft year of her Reign, Anno 1559. tne
Articles of the RegalVifitation following thereupon, and the main
fcope of the three Homilies againft the peril of Idolatry. In the firft
of which it was ordered, firft, cc That to the intent that all Super ftiti-
ccon5and Hypocrifie crept into divers means hearts might vaniuhaway,
Ci no Ecclefiaftical perfons fhould fet forth or extol the Dignity of any
(L Images, Reliques, or Miracles 5 bnt declaring the abufe of the farae5
cc they (hall teach that all goodnefs, health, and grace ought to be both
ce afkedand looked for only of God as the very author and giver of
cc the fame, and of none other, JV//«/. 2. And fecondly, That they (half
<c take away, utterly extinct, and deftroy all shrines, coverings of
cc shrines, all Tables, Candlefticks, Trindals and Rolls of Wax, Pi-
cc ctures, Paintings, and all other Monuments of feigned Miracles, Pil-
cc grimages, Idolatry, and Superftition 5 fo that there remain nome-
« moryof the fame, in Walls, Glafs-Windows, or el fe where, within
" their Churches and Houfes } preferving and repairing neverthelefs
cc both the Walls and Glafs-Windows : and that they fhould exhort all
tc their Pariftiioners to do the like, within their feveral Houfes, Num.
cc 23.. For which laft, there follows afterwards a more fpecial Injmtti-
on^Numb. 55. According whereunto this Article was framed to the Vi-
fitation. viz. cc Whether in all Churches, and Chappels, all Images,
cc Shrines, Tables, Candlelticks,Trindals, and Rolls of Wax, Pictures,
c< Paintings, and other Monuments of feigned and falfe Miracles, Pil-
" grimages, Idolatry, and Superftition, were removed, abolifhed, and
" deftroy ed, Num. 2. But thefe objections carried their own anfwers
in
to the following Hijlory. 13
in them, :t b-'ingmamfeft by the words both of the Articles and Injun-
ctions, that it never was the meaning of the Qjeen, her Council, or
Commi'Iioneis, to condemn, aboliih, or deface all Images, either of
Cnrift hirafelf.or of any of the Prophets, A poftles, Martyrs, Confeffors
and other godly Fathers in the Church of Chrift} the abufe whereof
is ordered ro be reformed by the firft Injuncticnj but only to remove
fuch Pictures of falfeand feigned Miracles, as had no truth of being,
or exigence in Nature} and therefore were the more ahufed toSu- and
perdition and Idolatry in the times oi:Fopery. In anfwer to fuch pallages
asareailedgcdout of the laid Homilies3it is replied } fii?ft3ttiat it is con-
feded in the beginning of the laft of the laid three Homilics,thin Images
in Churches arc not (imply forbidden by the new Tejiament, Horn. Fol. 3 9.
And therefore no offence committed againft the Gofpel, if they be ufed
only for Hiftory, Example, and ftirring up of pure Devotion in the
fouls of men} in which refpect called not unfitly by Pope Gregory, The
Lay-man, Booths. Secondly,The Compilers of thofe Homilies were the
more earneit in point of removing or excluding Images, the better to
wean the People from the lin of Idolatry, in which they had been train-
ed up from their very infancy, and were not otherwife to be weaned
fromir, then by taking away the occafions of it. Andthirdly, Allthat what is to be
vehemence is ufed againft them } not as intolerable in themfeives, but [ofuTh^ank/
as they might be made in thofe broken and unfettled times an occafion gesasare
of falling:, before men could be fully inftructed in the right ufe of them; f°und.a8a''nft
1 • 1 l l r rr • ^ tn 1 1 . them in the
as appears plainly by thelepallages, vzz. Our Images aljo have been, and BookofHo-
be, (and if they be public kjy fuffered in churches, and Chappels) ever will miIi««
be alp worfoipped, andfo idolatry committed to them, p. 13. So hard itts,
and indeed impoffibk any long time to have Images publzckjy in Churches
and Temples without idolatry, fol. 33. And finally by the paffage which
before we touched at, where after much vehemency, not only againft
Idolatry and Worshipping of Images, but alfo againft Idols and Images
themfeives, the heats thereof are qualified by this expreflion, viz.
I mean always thus herein, in that we be ftirredand provoked by them, to
worfhip them'-, and not as though they were (imply forbidden by the New
Tejiament, without fuch occah on and danger, ibid. fol. 39. And there-
upon it is firft alledged by thofe of contrary judgment, that all fuch
as lived in times of Popery, being long fince dead, and the people of
this laft age iufficiently inftru&ed in the unlawfulnefs of worshipping
fuch painted Images, they may be lawfully ufed in Churches., without
fear of Idolatry, which feems to have been the main inducement for
their firft defacing. SecondIy,Many of theEafternChurches, which not-
withftanding do abominate the Superftitions of the Church of Rome,
retained the ufe of painted Images, though they reject thofe which
werecnt, and carved. Thirdly, That Images are ftill ufed in the£«-
theran Churches, upon which our firft Reformers had a (pecialeyej
and that Luther much reproved CaroloSladius for taking them out of
fuch Churches, where before they had been fuffered to ftand, letting
him know, Ex mentibus hominum potius removendas, that the worfhip
of Images, was rather to be taken out of mens minds by diligent and
• painful preaching, then the Images themfeives to be fo rafhly, and un-
advifedly
'4-
<tA 3\(ecejfary Introduction
XVI.
The Lords
D*y built up-
on the fame
foundation
with the other
Holy days,
according to
the Book of
Homilies,
and
The Ad of
Parlhimentj
5. 6. of
EDW. VI.
advifedly cafe out of the Churches. That painted Images were not on-
ly retained in the Chappels of the Queen., and of many great men of
the Realm, in moftofthe Cathedral Churches., and in fome private
Churches and Chappels alfo, without-any defacing ( vvitnefs the curious
painted Glafs in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury , the Parifh Church
of Faireford in the County of C beefier , and theChappelof the Holy
Ghoft, near Bafingfloke )but a rich andmalfy Crucifix was kept for ma-
ny years together, on the Table or Altar of the Chappei Royal in
Whitehall (as appears by S minder s and DuChefne) till it was broke in
pieces by Pacb^he Queens Fool (when nowifer man could be got to do
it J upon the fecret inftigation of Sir Francis Knollis : and finally, it ap-
pears by the Queens Injunctions, that the Priefts being commanded not
to extoll the dignity of any Image, Reliques, &*c . and the people dili-
gently to teach;, that all Goodnefs, Health, and Grace ought to be aik-
ed and looked for only at the hands of God, whereby all Superftition
might be taken out of their hearts, the Images might lawfully remain
as well in publick Churches, as in private Houfes, as they had done for-
merly.
16. As for the times of publick Worlhip, we muft behold them in
their Inftitutiott^ and their Obftrvation. And firfr, as for their Inftitu-
tion it is agreed on of all hands, that the Annual Feafts, Saints Days,
or Holy Days, as now commonly called, do ftand on no other ground
then the Authority of the Church, which at firft ordained them 5 fome
in one Age, and fome in another, till they grew unto fo great a number,
that it was thought fit by King Henry VIII. and afterwards by Ring Ed-
war dVL to abolith fuch of them as might beft be fpared. Nor ftands the
Sunday, or Lords Day ("according to the Do&rine of the Church of
England ) on any other ground then the reft of the Holy days 5 for in
the Homily touching the time and place of Prayer, it is thus dodrinal-
ly refolved, viz. " As concerning the time in which God hath appoint-
cc cd his people to aflemble together folemnly, it doth appear by the
cc fourth Commandment, &c Which Example and Commandment of
ec God, the godly Cbriftian people began to follow, after the Afcen-
cc don of our Lord Chrift, and began to chufe them a (landing" day in
cc the week to come together in 3 yet not the feventh day, which the
" Jews kept, but the Lords day, the day of the Lords Refirre&ion^ the
"day after the feventh day, whichis the firft day of the week, &c.
This makes the matter clear enough, and yet the Statute 5 and 6 of
Edrv. VI. in which all the Prelates did concur with the other Eftates,
makes it clearer then the Homily doth, C£ Forafinuch (faith the Statute)
" as men be not at all times fo mindful to laud and praife God, fo ready
ec torefortto hear Gods holy Word, and come to the holy Communi-
£C on, &c. -as their bounden duty doth require j therefore to call men
cc to remembrance of their duty, and to helptheir infirmities, it hath
ce been wholfomly provided, that there (hould be Come certain days
<c and times appointed wherein Chriftians ftiould ceafe from all kinds
<c of labour^ and apply themfelves only and wholly unto the afore-
et faid holy works properly pertaining to true Religion, &c. Nei-
cc tber is it to be thought that there is any certain times or definite number
to the following Htjlorj. 15
" of days prefcribed in tfoly Scripture: but the appointment both of
" the time, and alfo of the number of days, is left by the Authority of
iC Gods Word, unto the Liberty of Chrifts Church to be determined and
<: affigned orderly in every Countrey by the difcretion of the Rulers
cc and Mimjlers thereof, asthey fhall judge moft expedient to thefet-
" ting forth of Gods Glory, and the edification of the people. Now
for the number and particularities of thofe days which were required
to be kept holy to the Lord, they are thus fpecified and enumerated
in the Common-Prayer-Book, confirmed by Parliament in that year.
Thefetobckept Holy Days, and no other that is to fay, all Sundays in
the Year, the Feaft of the Circumcifion of our Lord and Saviour, the
Feaft of the Epiphany, &c. Which fpecification and enumeration, is
made alfo in the aforefaid Statute.
1 7. As for the obfervation of thofe day s,there was no difference made xvii.
between them by the firft Reformers s the fame Divine Offices prefcri- JJ'jjJJJjk
bed for both 5 the diligent attendance of the people required in both 5 were permit
the penalties upon fuch as wilfully and frequently did abfent them- ted on the
felves, were the fame for bothjand finally the works of necefTary labour an^e other
no more reftrained upon the one then upon the other. For firft it is de- Holy days,
clared in the forefaid Homily, that chrijiian People are nottyed Jo freight-
ly to obferve and ksep the other Ceremonies of the Sabbath day, as were the by the Book
Jews, as touching the forbearing of the veerk^ and labour in time of great of Horailies'
xecejjity, Sec. Secondly, and more particularly in the Statute before-
mentioned we find it thus, viz. cc That it fhall be lawful for every
<c Hufband-man, Fifter-man, and to all and every other perfon or per- the statute
<c fons, of what Eftate, Degree, or Condition he or they be, upon the $• a"<* of
<£ Holy Days aforefaid (of which the Lords Day is there reckoned EDW,YL
" for one) in Harveft, or at any other times in the Year, when necef- the injundr-
M fity fhall fo require, to Labour, Ride, Fifth, or Work any kind of onsofKing
<: Work at their own will and pleafure. Thirdlyjt is ordered in the In- EDW* VI*
junctions of the faid K\ng Edw. VI. that it fhall be lawful for the people
6C in the time of Harveft to labour upon Holy and Feftival Days, and and
" fave that thing which God hath fent ; and that fcrupulofity to abftain
<c from workingon thofe days,doth grievoufly offend God. Fourthly, 0fQUcm
We find the like in the Injunctions of Queen Elizabeth, published with EUZ.
the advice of her Council, Anno 1559. being the firft year of her
Reign, viz. £C That all Parfons, Vicars', Curates, fhall teach and de-
" clareunto their Parifriioners, that they may with a fafe and quiet
« con (cience after Common-Prayer in the time of Harveftlabour up-
<c on the Holy and Feftival Days, and fave that thing which God hath
<c fent. And if for any fcrupulofity or grudge of Confciencc, men fhall
c< fuperftitioufly abftain from working on thofe days, that then they
M fhould grievoufly offend and difpleafe God. And as for the practice
" of the Court, it was ordered by the faid King Edward, cc That the
ec Lords of the Council ftiould upon Sunday attend the publick affairs PracWedac-
66 of the Realm, anddifpatchanfwersto Letters for the good otderof ^hecou'/c11
cc theState, and make full difpatches of all things concluded in the from that
<c Week before: Provided, that they beprefentatCommon-Praj'ers. mnct0<h,»«
"And that on every Sunday night the Kings Secretary fhduld deliver
him
\6
<iA 3\(ecejfary IntroduUion
XVIII.
Reverence re-
quired of the
people at
their firft en-
trance into
the church,
According to
the practice
of the Primi-
tive times,
•nd
The example
of the Kn;ghts
of the Garter,
and
That example
well enforced
by Archbi-
fhop LAUD,
P- 47-
" him a memorial of fuch things as were to be debated in the Privy
cc Council the week enfuing. Which courfe of meeting in the Council
on Sunday in the afternoon, hath been continued in the Court, from
the time of the faid King Edward the VI. to the death of King Charles,
without diflike or interruption. If then the Country people in Tome
times and cafes were permitted to employ themfelves ki bodily labour
on the Sundays and other Holy days , and if the Lords of the Council
did meet together on thofe days to confult about affairs of State, as
we fee they did ; there is no question to be made but that ail manlike
exercifes, all lawful Recreations and honed: Paftimes were allowed of
alfo.
ic\ As for the duties of the people in thofe times and places, it was
expedled at their hands, that due and lowly reverence fliould be made
at their fir ft entrance into the Church 5 the place on which they flood,
being by Confecration made Holy Ground, and the bufinefs which
they came about, being holy bufinefs. For this there was no Rule nor
Rubrick made by the firft Reformers, and it was not neceflary that
there fhould} the practice of Gods people in that kind being fbuni-
verfal, Vi Catholics confuetudinn, by vertueof a general and conti-
nual ufage, that there was no need of any Canon to en joy n them to it :
Nothing more frequent in the Writings of the ancient Fathers then A-
doration toward the Eaft, which drew the Primitive Chriftians into
fome fufpicion of being Worfhippers of the Sun, Indc fufpicio, quod
innotucrit nos verfus oricntis regtonem prccari, as Tcrtullian hath it. And
though this pious cuftom began to be difu fed, and was almoft discon-
tinued, yet there remains fome footfteps of it to this very day. For
firft, It was obferved by the Knights of the raoft noble Order of the
Garter, ("who I am jure hate nothing more then Super ft itious Vani-
ties) at their approaches toward the. Altar in all the Solemnities of that
Order. Secondly, In the Offerings or Oblations made by the Vice-
chancellor 0 the VroUors, and all Proceeders in the Arts and faculties
at the Att at Oxon. And thirdly, By moft Country Women, who in
the time of my firft remembrance, and along time after, made their
obeyfance towards the Eaft, before they betook themfelves to their
Seats 5 though it was then taken ( or miftaken rather ) for a Courtefie
made untotheMinifter} revived more generally in thefe latter times
(efpecially amongft the Clergie') by the Learned and Reverend Biftiop
Andrews, a man as much verft in Primitive Antiquity, and as abhor-
rent from any thing which was meerly Vopijh, as thegreateft rreciftan
in the Pack. Which point I find exceedingly well applyed, and preft
in the Speech made by this Arch-Bifhop, at the Cenfure of Dr. Bafi-
n>ic{, Mx. Burton, on June 26. 163J. Who fpeaking to fuch of the
Lords as were Knights of the Garter, he accofts them thus, cc And you
" ("faith he) my Honourable Lords of the Garter, in your great folem-
cc nities, you do reverence, and to Almighty God I doubt not : but yet
" it is verfus Altare, toward the Altar, &c. And this your reverence
cc you do when you enter the Chappel, and when you approach nearer
£c to offer, &c. And Idolatry it is not toworfhip God toward his Holy
<r- table ; for if it had been Iaolatry5 I prefume Queen Elizabeth, and
ccKing
to the following Hijlory. 17
<c King James would not have pracfrfed it, no not in this great Solemni-
tc ty. And being not Idolatry, but true Divine Worfhip, you will I
4 hope give a poor Prieft leave to worfnip God as your felves do. For
« if it be Gods Worfhip, I ought to do it as well as you, and if it be
cc Idolatry, you ought not to do it more then I.
19. This duty being performed at their firft entrance into the XIX
Church,it was next required by the Ruhric^thzt they fhould reverent- Kneeling'and
ly kneel at the reading of the publick Prayers, and in the receiving of JjJ^'J8'
the Holy Sacrament of the Lords Supper 5 that they fhould ftand up at rcqul"
the reading of the Apoftles Creed ; andconfequently at the Athanafian
and Nicene alfb, which are as Commentaries on that Text , as alfo at
the frequent Repetitions of the Gloria Patri^ which is an Abridgment
of the fame. And in the next placeit was required by the Queens In- J^cewte
iunBions, cc That whenfoever the Name of Je/a/fhall beinany Leflbn, ufcdacthe
4C Sermon, or otherwife, in the Church pronounced, that due reve- cJ™-n°ycbrus
cc re/ice be made of all perfons, young and old, with lownefs of courte- injuria. 52.
" fie, and uncovering the heads of the mankind, as thereunto doth
cc neceflarily belong, and heretofore hath been accuftomecL In which
it is to be obferved, that though this Injunction waspublifhed in the
firft year of the Queen, yet then this bowing at the Name of Jej7/s was
lookt on as an ancient cuftom 5 not only ufed in Queen Maries Reign,
but alfo in King Edwards time, and in thofe before. And in this cafe, ^
and in that before, and in all others of that nature, it is a good and cer-
tain rule, that all fuch Rites as had been prachfed in the Church of
Rome, and not abolifht, nor difclaimed by any Docrrine,Law or Canon
of the firft Reformer*, were to continue in the fame ftate in which they
foundthem. But this commendable cuftom, together with all other
outward reverence in Gods publick Service, being every day more and
more difcontinued, as the Puritan Faction got ground amongft us, it
feemed good to the Prelates, and Clergie, aflembled in Convocation, An-
no 1603. to revive the fame with fome enlargement, as to the uncover- Afterwards
ing of the Head in all the acts and parts of publick worfhip. For thus [JeMCano^
we have it in the 18. Canon of that year, vi%* cc No man fhall cover oftheyear,
cc his head in the Church or Chappel in time of Divine Service, except l5°3*
cc he have fome Infirmity, in which cafe let him wear a night-Cap or . ^
" Coife. And likewife when the Name of Jejfts fhall be mentioned,
" due and lowly reverence fhall be done by all perfons prefent, as it xheReafons
cc hath been accuftomed} teftifyingby this outward Ceremony, and fori:.
ec Gefture, their inward Humility, Chriftian Refolution, and dueac-
" knowledgment, that the Lord 'jefus Chrift the true and eternal Son
" of God is the only Saviour ofthe world,in whom all Graces, Mercies,
" and Promifes of Gods love to mankind for this life, and the life to
cc come, are wholly comprifed. In which Canon, we have not only
the Do&rine, that bowing is to be ufed to the name of Jeftts, but the
ufes alfo 3 and not alone the cuftom, but the reafons of it : both ground-
ed on that Text of Scripture, Phil. 2. jo. that at the name ofjESVs
every kpee fljouldbow^ccording to fuch expofitions as were made there-
of by St. Ambrofe, and others ofthe ancient Writers.
20. In matters which were meerly doUrtnal^ and not practical alfo, XX.
D the
<iA S^eceffary IntroduUion
The mode-
rate proceed-
ings of the
firft Refor-
mers,
In reference
to the Pope
and
The Church
of ROME,
the firft Reformers carried on the work with the fame equal temper, as
they did thofe which were either mixt or meerly pra&ical. And firftj
beginning with the Pope, having difcharged themfelves from the Su-
premacy, which in the times foregoing he had exerc'fed over them in
this Kingdom 5 I find no Declaration in any pubbek Monument, or
Records of the Church of England, that the Pope was Antichrift, what-
foeverfome of them might fay in their private Writings; fome hard
expreffions there are of him in the Book of Homilies, but none more
hard then thofe in the publick Litany, firft publifhedby K. Henry VIII.
athis gomgto Bolongue, and afterwards retained in b. th Litwrgiesof
King Edward VI. In which the people were to prayer their deliverance
from the tyranny of tkeBifliop oj Rome and his detejiabfe enormities, &c.
This was conceived to be( as indeed it wasjavery great fcaraJal and
offence to all thofe in the Realm of England^ who were well afTecTed
to the Church of Rome ; and therefore in the Liturgie of Queen EliZa*
beth it was quite left out, the better to allure them to the Divine Ser-
vice of the Church, as at firft it did : At d for the Chulrch of Rome it
felf, theybeheldit with no other ey€s, then as a member of the vifible
Church, which had for many hundred years maintained the Funda-
mentals of theChriftian Faith, though both unfound in Doctrine and
corrupt in Manners : Juft as a man di (tempered in his Brain, Difeafed
in all the parrs of his Body, and languifaing under many putrified Sores,
doth ftill retain the being of a natural rmln as long as he hath fenfe, and
motion, and ("in his lucid intervals^ fome ufe of Reaforu They tell us
in the 1 9. Article, that the church of Rome hath erred not only in their
lipiHg and manner of Ceremonies, but in matters of Faith. But then they
looktupon her as a Member of the Vifible Church, as well as fhofe
of Jeru: 'dem, Antioch, and Alexandria, which are there affirmed to have
erred dfi* Erre then (he might, and erre (he did indeed too grofly, and
yet might notwithstanding ferve as a conduit-pipe to convey to us many
of thofe Primitive Truths, and many of thofe godly Rites and Ceremo-
nies which (be had fuperftitioufly defiled. In which laft place it was a
very pious rule, that in the Reformation of a Church, abufes being ta-
ken away, theprimitivelnftitution fhould be left remaining} Tollatur
abufks, maneatufus, as the faying is : and in the firft, as pioufly obfer-
ved by King James in the Conference at Hampton-Court, that in all Re-
formations, he would not have any fuch departure from the Papijis in all
things, that hecaufe we in fome points agree with them, therefore we Jfiould
be accounted to be in an error. Le.t us then fee how near the firft Refor-
mers did and might come unto the Papifts, and yet not joyn with them
in their Errors to the betraying of the Truth.
21. The Pope they deprived of that unlimited Supremacy, and the
Church of Rome of that exorbitant power, which they formerly chal-
affertad fathe leaded over them 5 yet did they neither think it fit to leavethe Church
twentieth Af- without her lawful and juft Authority 5 nor fafe to put her out of the
protection of the Supream Governour. Touching the firft, it was re-
lol ved in the 20. Article, £C That the Church hath power not only to decree
Kites and Ceremonies, but alfi in Controverdcs of Faith, as the Englifb,
Ecclcfta habet Ritus & Ceremonias Statuendi jus, & in fidci controverts
Authori-
Obfervcd and
applauded by
K. JAMES.
XXL
The Power of
the Church
tide.
to the following Hijlory. ip
Authoritatem , as it is inthe Latin. Andfo itftands in the Original
Ads of the Convocation, Anno 1562. and publilht in the felf-fame
words both in Latin and Englifi. Afterwards in the year 1 571. by the
power and prevalency of fome of the Genevian Fadtion the Articles
were reprinted, and this Claufe left out. But the times bettering, and
the Governors of the Church taking juft notice of the danger which
lay lurking under that omiffions there was care taken that thefaid
Claufe mould be reftored unto its place in all following impreflions of
that Book, as it hath ever fince continued: Nor was this part of the in the 34th,
Article a matter of Speculation only, and not reducible to pratfice, or iF reduced to
reducible to praUice, not fit to be enforced upon fuch as gain-laid the pra lce'
lame. For in the 34. Article it is thus declared, " That whofoever
« through his private judgment willingly and purpofely doth openly
cc break the Traditions and Ceremonies of the Church, which be not and
cc repugnant unto the word of God, and be ordained and approved by
" common Authority, ought to be rebuked openly (that others may
cc fear to do the like) as he that oflendeth againft the common order of
cc the Church, and hurteth the Authority of the Magi ftr ate , and
ec woundeth the Confidences of the weak Brethren. More power
then this, as the See of Rome did never challenge 3 fo lefs then this, was
not referved unto it felf by the Church of England. And as for the Au-
thority of the Church in controverts of Faith, the very Articles by which
they declared that power (Teco'nded by the reft of the points which are
there determined^ is a fufficient Argument, thatthey ufed and exerci-
fed that power which was there declared. And becaufe fome objection f^bed^
had been made both by the Papijis, and thofe of the Genevian party, sacred Mat-
that a Papal power was granted, as at firft to King Henry VI II. under tcPto thc
the name of Supream Head, fo afterwards to Queen Elizabeth and her I'Sgland.
Succeflbrs} it was thought expedient by the Church to ftop that cla-
mour at the firft 5 and thereupon it was declared in the Convocation of
the Prelates and Clergie (who make the reprefentative Body of the
Church of England) in the 37. Article of the year 1562. Cc That
whereas they had attributed to the Queens Majefty the chief Go-
cc yernrnentof all the Eftates of this Realm, whether Ecclefufiical or
cc Crvittn all cafes, they did not give unto their Princes, the mini- *
<c ftring either of Gods Word, or of the Sacraments, but that only Pre-
<f rogative which was known to have been given always to all godly
cc Princes, in Holy Scripture by God himfelf-, that is to fay, that they
<c fhould rule all Ejiates and Degrees committed to their charge by God,
cc whether they beEcclefiajiicalov Temporal^nd reftra\n with the Civil .
cc Sword the ftubborn and evil doers. Left Power then this, as good
Subje&s could not give unto their King 3 fo more then this,hath there
not been exercifedor defiredby the Kings of England. Such power
as was by God vouchfafed to the godly Kings and Princes in Holy Scri-
pture, may ferve abundantly to fatisfie even the unlimited defires of the
mightieO: Monarch, were they as boundlefs as the P0pe.r.
22. Next to the point of the Supremacy, efteemed the Principal Arti- xhe^acra-
cle of Religion inthe Church of Rome (primus & pr<ecipuus Roma- mentofthe
nenfis fidei Articulus) as is affirmed in theHiftory of the Council ofTrent, ^PP«
2 the qucntly/"
20
<tA tNjcejfary Introduction
The Sacra-
ment of the
Altar, as, viz.
by the Aft of
Parliament,
by
Bifhop RID-
LEY,
Bifhop LA-
TIMER,
and
Some other
Martyrs.
themoft material differences betwixt them and us relate to the Sacra-
ment of the Lords Supper, and the natural efficacy of good works, in
which the differences betwixt them and the firft Reformers feem to be
at the greateflo though even in thofe they came as near to them as might
ftand with Piety. The Sacrament of the Lords Supper they called the
Sacrament of the Altar, as appears plainly by the Statute l Edward VI.
entituled. An Alt againfl fitch as fpeak^unreverently againji the Sacrament
of the Body and Blood of Chrift, commonly called the Sacrament of the
ALTAR : For which confult the Body of the Afhtfelf. Or fecondly,
by Bifhop Ridley (one of the chief Compilers of the Common-Prayer-
Book) who doth not only call it the sacrament oj the Altar, affirming
thus, that in the Sacrament of the Altar, h the natural Body and Blood of
chrift. 8cc. But in his Reply to an Argument of the Bifhop of Lin-
co Ins, taken outofSt. Cyril, he dothrefolve itthus, ziz. ccThevord
" Altar in the Scripture fignifiethas well the Altar whereon the Jews
cc were wont to offer there Burnt Sacrifice, as the Table of the Lords
<c Supper: and. that St. Cyril meaneth by this word Altar ^ not the
cc Jewifh Altar^ but the Table of the Lord, &c. AcJi and Men. part 3.
p. 492. and 497. Thirdly, By Bifhop Latimer his fellow-Martyr, who
plainly grants, "That the Lords Table may be called an Altar, and
" that the Doctors called it fo in many places, though there be no pro-
pitiatory Sacrifice, but only Chrift, part 2. p. 85. Fourthly, By the
feveral affirmations of John Lambert, and John vhilpot, two Learned
and Religious men, whereof the one fuffered death for Religion un-
der Henry VIII. the other in the fiery time of Queen Mary. This Sa-
crament being called by both, the Sacrament of the Altar in their feve-
ral times : for which confult the Acts and Monuments commonly called
the Book °f Martyrs.
23. And that this Sacrament might the longer preferve that name,
and the Lords Supper be adminiftred with the more folemnity, it was
ordamedm the Lnjuntt 'ions of Queen Elizabeth, no Altar (houldbe ta-
ken down, but by the over-fight of the Curate of the Church, and the
Church-Wardens, or one of them at Ieaft, and that the Holy Table
in every Church be decently made andfet up in the place where the
Altar flood, and there commonly covered as thereto belongeth. It is
befides declared in the Books of Orders, Anno 1561. publifhed about
two years after the faid Injunction, cc That in the place where the Steps
cc were, the Communion Table fhould ftand 5 and that there (hall be
ec fixed on the Wall over the Communion Board, the Tables of Gods
cc precepts imprinted for the fame purpofe. The like occurs in the Ad-
vertifemcnts publifhed by the Metropolitan, and others the High Com-
miffioners, 1565. In which it is ordered., cc That the Parifh fhall provide
cc a decent Table, ftanding on a frame for the Communion-Table ,
cc which they fhall decently cover with a Carpet of Silk, or other de-
cc cent covering, and with a white Linen Cloth in the time of thead-
c- mmiftration, and fhallfet the Ten Commandments upon the Eair-
tc Wall over the faid Table. All whichteing laid together, amounts
to this, that the Communion-Table was to ftand above the fteps, and
under the Commandments 5 therefore all along the Wall, on which the
Ten,
The Lords
Table order-
ed to be pla-
ced where the
Altar flood,
by the Injun-
ctions of 0^
ELII 1 559-
Th e Book of
Orders, 1561.
and
Advertif. of
the year
1565.
and
»
to the following Hijlory. n
Ten .Commandments were appointed to be placed, which was directly
where the Altar had flood before. Now that the Holy Table in what
pofture foever it be plac't, fhould not be thought unufeful at all other
times, but only at the time of the Miniftration 5 it was appointed by ^fcco!!?6
the Church in its HxVz Reformation, that the Communion-Service, com- Serricctobe
monly called the Second service, upon all Sundays and Holy-days, swdaVand
(hould be read only at the Holy Table. For firlt in the laft Rubric^ Holy Days!
before the beginning of that Service, it is ordered,that the Prieft: (land-
ing at the Holy Table (hall fay the Lords Prayer, with the CollecT: fol-
lowing, &c. And it is ordered in the firft Rubrick after the Commu-
nion, cc That on the Holy Days f if there be no Communion J) fhall be
<c laid all that is appointed at the Communion until the end of the Ho-
"mily? concluding with the general Prayer for Chrifts Church Mili-
Ci tant here on earth, and one or more of the Colle&s before reherfed,
cc as occafion (hall ferve. No place appointed for the reading of the
fecond Service, but only at the Altar , or Communion-Table.
24. Here then we have the Wood, the Altar 5 fed ubi eft vittima ho- xxiv.
locaufti (as Ifeachid unto his Father) But where is the Lamb for the burnt- The Lords
cfering .<? Gen. 22. 7..AfTuredly, if the Prieft and Altar be fonear, the qJJJ"fr£,_
Lamb Cor the Burnt-offering cannot be far off, even the mod bleQ'ed kd a sacrifice
Lamb of God i -which ta^eth away the (ins of the world, as the Scripture by
ftvles him, whofe Paffion we find commemorated in the Sacrament,
called therefore the Sacrament of the Altar, as before is faid : called
for the fame reafon by St. Auguftine inhis Enchiridion, Sacrificium Alta- The Ancient
rk, the sacrifice of the Altar •■> by the Englifh Liturgie in the Prayer next Fathers,
after the participation, the Sacrifice ofpraife and thanksgiving (Sacri-
ficium Lmdis'-,) by Chryfoftom, ' Kvinvwt * Ovirlq, the remembrance of a
Sacrifice by many Learned Writers amongft our felves, a commemo-
rative Sacrifice. For thus faith Bifhop Andrews in his anfwerto Cardi- By mjmy
nal Bellirmine, c. 8. Tollite de MiffiTranfiibftantiationem veftram, nec Learned men
din nobifum lis erit de Sacrificio, &c. " Take from the Mafs your ^v°"8ftoHr
cc Tranfabftantiation, and we will have no difference with you about
<c the Sarcifice. AndtheKing grants ( he means the learned Prince,
cc King fame t") the name of a Sacrifice to have been frequent with the
Fathers. Which Sacrifice he fometimes calls Commemorationem Sa-
crificii, and fometimes Sacrificium Commemorativum, A Commemo-
rative Sarcificc. The like we find in Bifhop Morton, who in his Book of
the Roman Sacrifice, 1.6. c. 5. called the EuchariU, areprefentative
and commemorative Sacrifice, in as plain terms as can befpoken. But Some of our
what need any thing have been faid for the proof hereof, when the tynll(o"~
mod: Reverend Archbifhop Cranmer,one (and the chief J of the Com-
pilers of the publick Liturgie, and one who fuffered death for oppofing
the Sacrifice of the Mafs, diftinguifheth moft plainly between the^*-
rifice propitiatory, made by Chrifthimfelf only, and the Sacrifice com-
memorative and gratulatory made by Priefts and People : for which
confult his Defence againft Bifhop Gardiner, lib. 5. />. 459. Andfinally
the teftimony of John Lambert, who fuffered for his Conference in the
time of King Henry VIII. whofe words are thefe : cc Chrift (faith he )
*c being offered up once for all in his own proper perfon, is yet faid to
11
(•J 3\(ecejfary IntroduBion
and
In what rc-
fpefl.
XXV.
A Real Pre-
fence proved
The publick
Liturgie,
Bv Bilhop
RIDLEY,
By Mr. Alex.
Komi.
" be offered up, not only every year at Eajier, but alfo every day in
16 the Celebration of the Sacrament , becaufe his Oblations once for all,
« made it thereby reprefented, Att. Mon. p. 2. 35. So uniform is the
« confent of our Liturgie,our Martyrs3and our Learned Writers in the
cc name of Sacrifice's lbthatwemay behold the EuchariSt or the Lords
cc Supper. Firft, as it is a Sacrifice, or the Commemoration of that Sa-
crifice offered unto God} by which both we and the whole Church do
obtain remiffion of our Sins, and all other benefits of Chrifts Paffion.
And fecondly, As it is a Sacrament, participated by men, by which
we hope, that being made partakers of that Holy Communion, we may
be fulfilled with his Grace and heavenly Benediction. Both which oc-
cur in the next Prayer after the Communion. Look on it as a sacrifice,
and then the Lords Board not improperly may be called an Altar> as it
is properly called the Table in relpect of the Sacrament.
25. With the like uniform confent we find the Doctrine of a Real
Frejence'mthe Bleffed Sacrament of the Lords Supper to be maintained
and taught in the firft Conftitution of this Church : and this is firft con-
cluded from the words of Diftribution, retained in the firft Liturgie of
K'mgEdwdrd VI. and formerly prefcribed in the ancient Mifjals, viz.
The Body andBloodof our Lord Jefus Chri If which was given for thee, pre-
ferve thy Body and Soul unto life everlasting. The Blood of our Lord "jefus
Chrifi,which was fied for thee,&c. Which words being thought by fome
precife and fcrupulous perfons to incline too much toward Tranfub-
jlantiation ("and therefore not unfit to juftifie a Real Prefence) were
quite omitted in the fecond Liturgie of that King: the words of Par-
ticipation, Take and eat thk , Sec. Take and drink, this, See. being ufed
in the place thereof. Which alteration notwithftanding, it is affirmed
by Bilhop Ridley (one of the principal Compilers of thefetwo Books)
thatintheSacramntof the Altar is the natural Body and Blood of Chriji*
And if there be the Natural Body, there muft needs be a Real Prefence in
his opinion. When this laft Liturgie was reviewed by the command of
Queen Elizabeth Anno 1558- the former claufe was fuper-added to the
other, which put the bufinels into the fame ftate and condition in
which we find it at the firft. And when by the Articles of Religion,
agreed upon in Convocation, Anno 1 562. the Sacrifice of the Map was
declared to be a pernicious Impofture, a blafphemous Figment, and
that Tranfubftantiation was declared to be repugnant to the plain
words of Holy Scripture, to overthrow the Nature of a Sacrament,
and to have given occafion to many Superftitions 5 yet ftill the Do-
ctrine of a RealPrefcnce was maintained as formerly. Alexander Norvel,
Dean of St. Pauls^ was chofen Prolocutor for that Convocation, and
therefore as like to know the true intent and meaning of the Church of
England'm every point which was there concluded, as any other what-
foever , and yet he thought it no contradiction to any of them to main-
tain and teach a Real Prefence. For in his Catechifm publickly allowed
of in all the Grammar Schools of this Realm, he firft propounds this
queftion,t>7&. Cceleflh pars & ab ontni fen fit extern 0 longe disjun&arfua-
11am cjit &c. that is to fay, What is the Heavenly, or Spiritual part
of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, which no fenfe is able to difco-
ver
to the following Hijlory.
ver > To which the party Catechized returns this anfwer. Corpus
Sanguis Chrijlis qu<e fidelibus in ceena dominie a pr<ebentur, ab illfc accipi-
untur^ comeduntur, & bibnntur^ ceelefti tantum & fpiritnali modo^ vere
tamenatque reipfa. That is to fay, the heavenly or fpiritual part is the ,nd
Body and Blood of Chrift which are given to the faithful in the Lords
Supper, and are taken, eaten, and drank by them 3 which though it be
only in an heavenly and fpiritual manner •■> yet are they both given and
taken truly and really or in very deed. Conform to which we have in
brief the Suffrage of the Fvight Learned Bifhop Bilfon, who lived the ByEifhop
greateft part of his time with the faid Mr. Novel, by whom we are told EILS0N-
in his Book of True Subjetf, &c. p. 779. And he tells it with a God
forbid, that we deny not, £C That the Flefh and Blood of Chrift are
<c truly prefent and truly received of the faithful at the Lords Ta-
tc ble.
16. A clear explication of which Doctrine was made in the begin- xxvi.
ningof the Reign of King James, by whofe appointment, with the con- JJj^fJ"ect^'
fent of the Metropolitan, fomeof theBifhops and other learned men of WOrdsofthc
the Clergie, it was ordered in the Conference at Hampton-Court, that Catcchifm, •
the Doctrine of the Sacraments fhould be added to the Authorized
Catechifm of the Church, where before it was not : in which addition
totheCatechifm,itisfaid exprefly, That the Body and Blood of Chriji
are verily and indeed taken of the Faithful in the Lords Supper, Verily
andindeed, faith the Englifh Book, Vere & reipfa, or Vere & realiter3
faith the Latine Tranflation $ by which the Church doth teach us to
underftand , that Chrift is truly and really prefent ( though after a
fpiritual manner) in that Blefled Sacrament. And that this was the
Churches meaning will be made apparent, by the Teftimony of fome
of the moft learned men, which have written fince^ two of which I
{hall here produce, that out of the mouths of two fuch Witneffes^ the
truth hereof may be ejlabl/flied. Thefirftof thefe (hall be the moft emi- AsaJfob th
nent Bifhop Andrews, a contemporary of the faid Bifhop Bilfon, who tcft1monyof*
inhisanfwer unto Cardinal Bellarmine, thus declares himfelf, Trafen- EifhopAN-
tiam credimus non minus quam vos ver am, deinde pr£fenti£ nil temere DREwS'
definimus : We acknowledge (faith he) a prefence as true and real as
you do, but we determine nothing rafhly of the manner of it. The
fecond {hall be Bifhop Morton, as great an enemy to the Errors and Su- Bifhop Mtmn,
perftitions of the Church of Rome, as any that ever wrote againftit,
who could not but be fixty years of age at the death of Bifhop Andrews^
and he affirms exprefly, cc That the queftion betwixt us and the Papijis
<: is not concerning a Real prefence^ which the Proteftants("as their
cc own Jefuites witnefs ) do alfo profefs. Fortunatus, a Proteftant,
holding that Chrift is in the Sacrament moft Really, Vcrijjime,Realif-
fime, as his words are. By which it teems it is agreed-on on both fides
(that is to fay, the Church of England, and the Church of Rome ) that
there is a true and real Prefence of Chrift in the Holy Euchariftj the
difagreement being only in the modus prfeentia.
27. The likeDifpute is alfo raifedie modo dtfeenfus, touching the xh^Arlidc
manner and extent of Chrifts Depending into Hell, which the Papijis of chriOsde-
will have to be only partial, and to extend no farther then to the upper |.c e™™***
Region " '
<zA ^(jcejfary tntrodnUion
by
Calvin,
and
The Lord
Primate,
but
Juftified to
be Local,
By the Arti-
cles of the
Church of
ENGLAND.
cc
cc
Region of that infernal Habitation;, cailed by them commonly Limbus
TatruKi. The Calvinifis will have it to be only figurative, no deficit
at all, and they are fub-divided into three opinions. Calvin himfelf
interprets it of our Saviours Sufferings on the Croft,- in which heun-
dervventall thofe torments, even to Dejberation, which the damned
do endure in Hell. Many of the Calvinian party underftand nothing
by Chnfts Defccnt'mto Hell, buthis Defending intothe Grave; and
then his defcending into Hell will be the- lame with his being buried.
Which Tautology in fuch a Qiort fummary of the Chriftian Faith
cannot be eafily admitted. And therefore the late Lord Trimatt of
Ireland not liking either of their opinions, will find a new way by him-
felf j in which I cannot fay what leaders he had, but I amfure he hath
had many followers. And he by Chrifts defcending into Hell, will
have nothing elfe to be underflood but his continuing in the U ate of Se-
paration between the Body and the Soul, his remaining under the power of
death during the time that he lay buried in the Grave^ which is no more
in effect, though it differ fomewhat in the terms, then to fay he dyed
and was buried, and rofe not again till the third day, as the Creed in-
ftru&s us } and then we are but where we were with the other Calvi-
nifs. Bnt on the contrary, the Church of England doth maintain a
Local Defcent) that is to fay, « That the Soul of Chrift at fuch time as
his Body lay in the Grave, did Locally Defcend intothe nethermoft
parts, in which the Devil and his Angels are referved in everlaft-
ing Chains of Darknefs, unto the Judgment of the great and terri-
ble Day. And this appears to be the meaning of the firft Reformer /,
by giving this Article a diftinct place by its felf, both in the Book of
Articles^ published in the time of King EdwardVl. Annoi^i^ and in
the Book agreed upon in the Convocation of the 5. of Queen Eliza-
bet}^ 1564. in both which it is faid exprefly in the felf-fame words, viz.
As Chriji dyed for its and was buried^ fo alfo is it to be believed that he went
down into Hell : which is either to be underftood of a Local Defcent,
or elfe we are tyed to believe nothing by it, but what explicitely or
implicitely is comprehended in the former Article, in which there is
particular mention of Chrifts Sufferings, Crucifying, Death, and Bu-
rial. Now that this is the Churches meaning, cannot be better mani-
feftedthen in the words of Mr. Alexander Nowel before-mentioned;
who for the reafons before remembred, cannot in reafon be fuppofed
to be ignorant of the true fenfe and meaning of the Church in that
particular : and he accordingly in his Catechifm publickly allowed
of, with reference to a Local Defient, doth declare it thus, viz. Vt
. Alexander chrijius corpore interr£ vifecra'-i itaanima^ cor pore Jeparata, ad inferos
wdt defendit, Sec. that is, " As Chrift defcended in his Body into the
cc bowels of the earth, fo in his Soul, feparated from that Body, he de-
cc fcended alfo into Hell 5 by means whereof the power and efficacy
cc of his Death was not made known only to the dead, but to the
tc Devils themfelves : infomuch that both the fouls of the unbelievers
didfenfibly perceive that condemnation, which was moft juftly due
to them for their incredulity : and Satan himfelf, the Prince of De-
vils, did as plainly fee, that his tyranny, and all the powers of
darknefs
The words of
Mr
Nan?
and
cc
cc
»
to the follomng Hijlory. z5
darkneQ were oppreft, ruined, and deftroyed. Which Do&rine
(when it began to be decry cd, 2Lndth&Ctalz>inian Glopi to get ground
upon it) was learnedly aiicrted by Or. ihomas Bilfon, then Bifhop of
IVinchcJtcr, in his Book, entituled A Survey of Chrifts Sufferings in J^^dli-^
which he hath amafled together, whatfoever the Fathers, Greek and fhop BUfon
Latine, or any of the ancient Writers have affirmed of this Article,
with all the points and branches which depend upon it.
28. The Sufferings of Chrift reprefentedintheBlcffed Sacrament of r^^Jf
the Lords Supper, with fomeof the effects thereof by his defcending ofBaptifei
into Hell, being thus difpatched, we (hall next look into that of Bap- maintained
tifm, in which we (hall con(ider the necejfity firft.and afterwards the ef- ^rimmm:
fescy.dtvti Andfirftin reference to the Necejfity. The firfc Refor-
mers did not only allow the adminiffration of this Sacrament in pri-
fcufeboufes, but permitted it to private perfons, even to women alfo.
For it was ordered in the Rubricl^ of Private Baptifm, cc That when
cc any great need (hall compel (as in extremity of weaknefs) they
cc which are prefent (hall call upon God for his Grace, and fay the
" Lords Prayer if the time will fuffer, and then one of them (hall name
" the Child , and dip him in the Water, or pour Water upon him,
" faying thefe words, N. I. Baptize thee in the name of 'the father, eke. juftified in
At which pallage when King James feemed to be offended in the Con- the Confe- \
ference at Hampton-Court, becaufe of the liberty which they gave to Hampton-
Women, and Laic {s: It was anfwered then by Dr. Whitgift, Arch-Bi- Cmt,
fhopof Canterbury , £C That the adminifcration of Baptifmby Women
Ci and Lay Perfons, was not allowed in the pra&ice of the Church :
" but enquired of, and cenfured by the Bifiops in their Vifitations,
c- and that the words in the Book inferred no fuch meaning. ' Againfc
which when the King excepted, urging and preffing the words of the
Book, that they could not but intend a permiffion and fufferingof
Women, and private Perfons to Baptize : It was anfwered by Dr. Ba-
bington^ then Bifhop of Worcejier, " That indeed the words were
cc doubtful, and might be prefiedto that meaning, but that it feemed and
<: by thecontrary practice of this Church (cenfuring Women in this
cc cafe) That the Compilers of that Book did not fo intend them, and
" yet propounded them ambignoufly, becaufe otherwife perhaps the
c: Book would not have then pafled in the Parliament. But then
Hood forth the Bifhop of london, (Dr. Bancroft*) and plainly faid,
u That it was not the intent of thofe Learned and Reverend men, who
<c framed the Book of Common-Prayer, by ambiguous terms to deceive
tc any i but did indeed by thofe words intend a permiffion of private
" perfons to Baptize in cafe of Necejfity, whereof their Letters were
cc witnefles, fome parts whereof he then read 5 and withal declared,
ff That the fame was agreeable to the practice of the ancient Church,
cc as appeared by the Authority oSTertullian, and of St. Ambrofc on
c: the 4th. of the Ephe fans, who are plain in that point} laying alfo
open the abfurditics and impieties of their opinions who think thereis
no necejfity of Baptifm. And though at the motion of that King it was S^'JjJjJ.
ordered that the words Lawful Minijhr (hould be put into the Rubric tioninthe
(FirjlletthcLAWFVL MINISTER, and them that be prefent, call upon £j£J|ckR,u
E God nC '
z(5 <*A ^(eceffary Introduction
and
God for his Grace, ckc. The faid LAWEVL MINISTER ft all dipt into
the Water • Sec. yet was the alteration greater in found then fenfe, it
being the opinion of many great Clerks, that any man in cafes of ex-
of the effica- tream neccjfity ( who can pronounce the words of Baptifm ) may pafs
cy afcribed ^ tj,e 2CC0Unt and notion of a lawful Minifter. So much for the r.eccf
church^ dty of Baptifm. And as for the efficacy thereof, it is faid exprefly
in the 27. Article? " To be a fign of Regeneration , or New Birth,
<c whereby, as by an Inftrument, they that receive Bapifm rightly,
cc are grafted into theChurchi.thepromifesof forgivenefs of Sin, and of
cc our Adoption to be the Sons of God by the Holy Ghoft, are visibly
cc ligned and fealed 5 Faith is confirmed, and Grace is increafed by
vertue of Prayer unto God: and, as exprefly it is faid in one of the
£C Rubric kj before Confirmation, That it is certain by Gods word, that
cc Children being Baptized, have all things neceflary for their Salva-
<c tion, and be undoubtedly faved : that is to (ay (for foitmuft beun-
derftood ) in cafe they dye before they fall into the committing of
Actual Sins-
29. Touching good work?, and how far they conduce unto our Jufli~
jaffl&Ltion fication, the breach was wider at the firft breakings out of Luther
how divided t^en lt natn Deen fince ; Luther afcribing Juftification unto Faith alone,
SSSdhJ* without relation unto Works h and thofe of Rome afcribing it to good
Works alone, without relation unto Faith, which they reckoned only
amongft the preparatives unto it. But when the point had been long
canvafed, and the firft heats were fomewhat cooled, they began to
come more neer unto one another. For when the Papijis attributed
In (tiff cation xmtoWorkj alone, they defired to be underftood of fuch
wood Works as proceeded from a true and lively Faith : and when the
Lutherans afcribed it to Faith alone, they defired to be underftood of
fuch a fj//^ as was productive of good Workj, and attended by them.
The Papijis thereupon began to cherifh the diftin&ion between the
firft and thefecond Jujlification, afcribing the firft unto Faith only ,
the fecond ("which the rroteftants more properly called by the name of
SanUifi.ation ) to the works of Righteoufnefs. The ProteftaiAs on the
other fide diftinguifhing between Fides fila, and folitaria, between fi-
ll Fides, and F ides qu£ eft fola 5 intending by that nicety, that, though
Faith alone doth juftific a finner in the fight of God: yet that is not
ilich a Faith as wasalone, but ftood accompanied with good Works.
In what re- And in this way the Church of England went in her Reformation,
fpefts afcribed declaring in the 11. Article, " That we are accounted righteous before
Ihe^church of :c God, only for the Merits of our Lord and Saviour Jcfus chnft by,
England, "Faith, and not for our works or defervings. Which Juftification
by Faith only is further declared to be a moftwholfome Doctrine, and
and very full of comfort i for which we are referred to the Book of Ho-
in what to milics. And inthe Book of Homilies we fhall alfo find, cc That we
works. « may well bear the name of Chriftian men } but we lack that true
" Faith which belongeth thereunto: For true Faith doth evermore
cc brin^ forth good Works, (as St. jfowe/ fpeaketh) Shew me thy Faith
" by thy Works. Thy Deeds and Works muft be an open teftimony of
c: thy Faith 3 other wife thy Faith being without good Works, is but the
Devils
to the following Hi/lory. zy
" Devils faith ^ the faith of the wicked, a phantafie of Faith, and not
<£ a true Chriftian Faith. And that the people might be trained up in
the works of rlighteoufnefs, it is declared in the ;th. Article, That
no Chriftian man whatfoever is free from the obedience of the Com-
mandments, which are called Moral. According whereunto, it is
ordered by the publick Liturgie, that the (aid Commandments fliall
be openly read in the Congregation upon Sundays and Holy Days (con-
trary to the ufage of all ancient Liturgies*) the people humbly pray-
ing God, To have mercy upon them for their tranjgrejfion of thofe Laws i
andnolefs humbly praying him To incline their hearts to keep the feme.
So that, though Faith muft lead the way to our JuJIification? yet
holinefsof life manifefted in the works of charity, and all other acts of
godly living, muft open the way for us to the Gates of Heaven, and
procure our entrance at the fame, as is apparent by the 25. of St. Mat-
thews Gofpel, from verfe 34. to 41.
30. Which being fo, it may be well affirmed without any wrong to xxx.
Faith, that good Works are neceffary to falvation 5 and not fb only: oftheerficacy
but that they are efficienter neceffaria, as was maintained publicklyin works*
the Schools of C*mbridge,thox\$\\t wasmuchcarptatby fome men that
did not rightly and diftin&ly underftand the term. And fecondly, ft
may be fatd without any wrong to the Free Grace and Merits of Al- m&
mighty God, that a reward is due for the Workj of Righteoufnefs pro-
ceeding from a lively Faith, in a man regenerate} not that the Church the Reward
afcribeth any merit to the works of man., which may deferve eternal belonging to
life, either ex congruo, or condigno, as the School-men phrafe it 5 for thetn'
Deus non coronat in nobk merit a nostra ftddona fua, as the Father hath
it. No reward is due unto good Works, ratione operk, in reference
to the work it felf: but ratione pacli <& Accept ationk ("though Bellarmine
be otherwife minded ) in refpecl: of Gods merciful acceptance, and
hismoft gracious promife to reward the fame. It was his grace and
goodnefs only which moved him to encourage our imperfecl and weak
obedience with the promife of eternal life : yet having made the pro- "n<J
mife, he became our debtor, Non aliquid debendo, fed omnia promit-
tendo, Dew fe ficit debitorem , as St. Augttliine tells us. And moffc
agreeable it is to his heavenly juftice, not to be wanting to his promife.
Such a Reward as this for the works of R ighteoufnefs, as the Scriptures
frequently do mention both in the Old Tejiamcnt andAfeap, Gen.4.j.
Pfalm 19. 1 1. Mat. 5. 12. and 10.41,42. Mar^. 41. Apoc. 22. II. fo
is the fame defended in the Church of England. And this appears firft
by the Athanarun Creed, incorporated into the body of our publick
Liturgie, as a part thereof. In the clofe of which it is affirmed, " That of the Do-
cc at Chrifts coming unto Judgment all men (hall rife again with their ChurchofhC
cc bodies, and give an account of their own works, that they which England
cc have done good fhall go into life everlafting, and they that have [J*81 partl"
cc done evil into everlafting fire. And fecondly. It appears as plainly
by the Colled for the 2 5 . Sunday after Trinity, where the Church cal-
led on the Lord, cc To ftir up the wills of his faithful people, that they
cc plenteoutly bring forth the fruits of good works, may of him be
tc plenteouliy rewarded, through Jefiu Cbriji. In which we have not
E 2 only
<zA U^fecejfary Introduction
XXXI.
The great Di-
vifions in the
Church
touching Pre-
deftination.
The dating of
the point by
the Church of
ENGLAND,
Illuftrated by
the ftory of
Agilmond and
Kings of Lorn-
bardy.
XXXII.
only a reward for the fruit of good workj^ but a plentiful reward into the
bargain, according to the quality of the workitfelf, and the accepta-
blenefs of the perfon in the fight of God.
2 1 . Next look we on the Doctrine of Predejiination, and the points
depending thereupon, which have given matter of divifion to the
Chriftian Church in all times and ages, dividing between the general
current of the Fathers till St. Augujiines time, and the learned men
which followed him and his authority 5 between the Jefuites and Fran-
ciflans on the one fide, and the Dominicans on the other in the Church
of Rome 5 between the moderate and rigid Luther am in the Church Pro-
tcflanf-) between the Remon fir ants, and the Contra-Remonjlrants in the
Schools of Calvin '■, and finally between the Sub-lapfirians, and the.SK-
pra-lapfarians, amongft the Contra-Remonff rants themfelves. Of thefe
the Sub-lapfirian Calvinijls (Tor of the dotagesof the other I (hall take
no notice) the Rigid Lutherans and the Dominican Friars pretend St.
Augufiine for their Patron : and on the other fide, the Remonjlrants,
C commonly nick-named Arminians') The Moderate or MelanUhonian
Lutherans, together with the Jefuits and Francifcans, appeal unto the
general current of the ancient Fathers, who lived and flourifhed ante
mota certamina Pelagiana, before the ftarting up of the Telagian Con-
troverfies. And to this general current of the ancient Fathers, the
Church of England mod: inclines 5 teaching according to their Do-
ctrine, that God from all eternity, intending to demonstrate his power
and goodnefs, defigned the Creation of the World., the making of
man after his own Image, and leaving him fo made, in a perfect liberty
to do or not to do what he was commanded 5 and that fore-knowing
alfofrom all eternity, that man abufing this liberty, would plunge
himfelf and his pofterity into a gulph of miferies, he gracioufly refol-
ved to provide them fuch a Saviour who ihould redeem them from
their fins \ to elect all thofe to life eternal, who by true Faith laid hold
uponhim, leaving the reft in the fame (rate in which he found them,
for their incredulity. It is reported of Agilmond the fecond. King of
Lombards, that riding by a Fifti-Pond, he faw (even young Chil-
dren fprawling in it, whom their unnatural Mothers (as Paulus Diaconus
conceivedjhad thrown into it not long before. Amazed whereat,he put
his Hunting Spear amongft them, and ftirred them gently up and down,
which one of them laying hold of, was drawn to Land, called Lami-
flus, from the word Lama 5 which in the Language of that people fig-
nificsaFifh-Pond, trained up in that Kings Court, and finally made
hisSucceffor in the Kingdom. Granting that Agilmond being fore-
warned in a Vifion, that he ihould find fuch Children fprawling for
life in themidftof that Pond, might thereupon take a rcfolution with-
in himfelf to put his Hunting Spear amongft them 5 and that which of
them foeverfhould lay hold upon it, fhould be gently drawn out of
the water, adopted for his Son, and made Heir of all his Kingdom:
no humane Story could afford us the like parallel cafe to Gods pro-
ceeding in the great work of Predomination to eternal life, according to
the Doctrine of the Church of England. *
32. Now, that fuch was the Doctrine of the firft Reformer s3 maybe
made
to the following Hiftpry. 29
made evident by the Definition ofcPrcdefiination, " Predeftinationun- Predeftmati-
£C to life (faith the 17. Article) is the everlafting purpofe of God, defined.
" whereby ("before the foundations of the world were laidj he hath
<c conftantly declared by his Council, fecret to us, to' deliver from
<c curie and damnation, thofe whom he hath chofen in Chrift out of
cc mankind, and to bring them by Chrift to everlafting Salvation. In Thedefinition
which Definition there are thefe things to be obferved} Firft, That explicated.
Predestination doth pre-fuppofe a curfe or a ftate of Damnation, in
which all mankind was presented to the fight of God. Secondly, That
it is an aft of his from everlafting, becaufe from everlafting he fore-
faw that mifery into which wretched man would fall. Thirdly, That
he founded it, and refol ved for it in the Man and Mediator Chrift Je-
fus, both for the purpofe and performance. Fourthly, That it was of
fome fpecial ones alone, EleCt, called forth, and rejerved in Chrifi \ and
not generally extended unto all mankind. Fifthly, That being thus
elefted in Chrift, they (hall be brought by Chrift to everlafting fal-
vation. Aud fixthly, That this Council is fecret unto us 5 for though
there be revealed to us fome hopeful figns of our EleUion and Predefii-
nation unto life : yet the certainty thereof is a fecret hidden in God, and
in this life unknown to us. Nothing obfeure in this Definition but The explicate
thefe words. Whom he hath chofen in Chrift'-) which being the very ?n jjjjijjj^
words of the Apoftle, Eph. 1. 4. are generally interpreted by the anci- entFathers,
ent Fathers, of thofe who do believe in Chrift. For thus St. Ambrofe
amongft others. Stent elegit nos in ipfo, as he hath chofen us in him 5
Prafiius enim Dens omnes fcit qui credituri effent in Chrifinm. For God
(faith he) by his general Prefcience did fore-know every man' that
would believe in Chrift : The like faith Chryfofiom on the Text. And
that our firft Reformers did conceive fo, it appears by that of Bifhop ByBiflj0-
Latimer in his Sermon on the third Sunday after the Epiphany, "When LATIMER,
cc C faith he J we hear that fome be c/><?/e*?, and fome be damned, let us
" have good hope, that we be among the chofen, and live after this hope,
" that is uprightly and godly $ then (hall we not be deceived. Think
<c that God hath chofen thofe that believe in chrifi 5 and Chrift is the and
ce Booh^ofLife : If thou believed in him, then art thou written in the
<c Booh^of Life, and (halt be fa ved. Secondly, The Doftrine of Prede-
jlination, as before laid down, may be further proved out of the Iaft
claufe of the faid 17. Article, where itisfaid, cc That we muft receive ^
cc Gods promifes in fuch wife as they be generally fet forth to us in ho- 0fetnc ^th.6
cc ly Scripture and that in all our doings, that will of God is to be fol- Article.
" lowed, which wehave expreOy declared to us in the word of God.
Then which nothing can be more repugnant to the Doftrine of Prede*
fiination, delivered by the Contra-Remonjlrants ( whether Supra-lap-
farian, or Sub -lap far '1 an, is no great matter ) which reftrains Predefti-
nation tint 0 Life to a few particulars, without refpeft had to their Faith
in Chrifi, or to Chrifis Sufferings and Death for them : which few par-
ticulars fo predestinated to life eternal, (hall (as they teach us) by an
irrefiftible Grace, be brought to God, and by the infallible concTfeitc
of the Holy Spirit, be prefesved from falling away from grace and
favour. ' " '.f't{01<:v
33. Such
3°
<iA y^eceffary Introduction
XXXIII.
The Church
why filem in
the point of
Reprobation.
The abfolufie
Decree un-
known to Bi-
fhop HOOP-
ER,
Ey Bifhop
LATIMER,
and
33. Such is the Churches Doctrine in the point of Eleclion or Prede-
stination unto life, but in the point of Reprobation or Predestination unto
death, fhe is utterly filent; leaving it to be gathered upon Logical In-
ferences from that which is delivered by her in the point of Ele&ion (for
Contrariornm contraria eft ratio, as Logicians fay ) though that which is
fo gathered ought rather to be called, a Dereliction then a Reprobation.
No" fuch ahfolute irreverfbk, and irrejpeaive decree of Reprobation
taught or maintained in any publick Monument or Record of the
Church of England, by which the far greateft part of mankind are
pr^-ordained (and confequently prae-condemned to the pit of Tor-
ments) without refpeft had unto their fins, as the Supra-lapfunans, or
to their credulities, as generally is maintained by the Sub-lapfirians in
the Schools of Calvin. Much I am fure there is againfc it in the Wri-
tings of Bifhop Hooper, and Bifhop Latimer, who took great pains in
the firft carrying on of the Reformation's and therefore we may judge by
them of the Churches meaning in that particular. For in the Preface to
a Book written by John Hooper, afterwards Bifhop of Glocefter, con-
taining an Expofition of the Ten Commandments, and publifbed,
Anno 1550. wefhallfind itthus, viz,. cc ThatCain was nomoreexclu-
cc ded from thepromife of chrift, till he excluded himfelf,then Abels
« Said, then David'-, Judas, then Peter i Ffau, thtnjacob: that God
cc is faid to have hated Ffau, notbecaufe he was dif-inherited of eter-
cc nal Life, but in hying his Mountains and hk Heritage voalie for the
cc Dragons of the Wilderncfs^ Mai. 1.3. That the threatnings of God
ecagainft Efi>h ( if he had not ofhis wilfull malice excluded himfelf
cc from the promife of grace ) (hould no more have hindered his
<c Salvation, then Gods threatnings againft Ninive, &c. That it is
£C not a Chriftian mans part to fay, That God hath written fatal Laws3
cC as the'stoicl^, and with neceffity of defriny, violently pulleth the
cc one by the hair into Heaven^ and thrufteth the other head-long into
* Hell'-, that the caufe of Rejection, or Damnation s fin in man, which
cc will not hear, neither receive the promife of the Gofpel, &c And
in a Sermon on the third Sunday after Epiphany, we find Bifhop La-
timer fpeaking thus, viz. cc That if the moft are damned, the fault is
cC not in God, but in themfelves 5 for Dcus vult omnes homines falvos
c5 fieri, God would that all men (hould be faved, but they themfelves
cc procure their own damnation, and defpife the Paijion of Chrift by
cc their wicked and inordinate living. Thus alfo in his fourth Sermon
preached in Lincoln/hire, cc That Chritt only, and no man elfe merited
cl Remijjion, Jufiification, and eternal felicity, for as many as will be-
cz lievethe fame '■> that Chrift fhed as much Blood for Judas, as for'
cc Peter i that Peter believed it, and therefore was faved '-, that Judas
cc would not believe, therefore was condemned } the fault being in
c£ him only, and no body elfe. More of which paffages might be ga-
thered from the Writings of thofe godly Martyrs, were not thefe fuf-
ficient. And though the Calvinian fancies in the points of Ele&ion and
Reprob .?//<?» got fo much ground on this Church, that they began to
be obtruded on the people for the Doctrines of it } yet were they vi-
gorously oppofed by fome of our Confiffirs in Prifon in Queen Marie t
days,
to the following Hiflory. 31
days, by Dr. Harfnet, and Mr. Banret in the Pulpit 5 and Teter Baro,
and Dr. Over aid in the Divinity-Schools of Cambridge in Queen Eliza-
beths urns i by Dr. Bancrofts then Lord Bifhop of London, in the
Conference at Hampton-Court, Anno 1603. being the firft year of King
James: and finally by King jf^/e/ himfelf^ refufing(ashe didjtoad- By King
mit the nine Articles of Lambeth, containing all the points and parti- J*ms-
cularitics of the Calvinian Do&rincs of Yredctfination, and Reprobati-
on, among the Articles of Religion here by Law eftablifht, when Dr.
Reynolds iu that Conference did defire it of him : But nothing better
proves the Churches Doctrine in thefe points, than the Church it lelf 3
by holding forth the univerfal Redemption of all mankind, by the
Death of Chrift 5 the free co-operation of the will of man, with the
Grace of Codin the chief ads of his Converfion 5 the poffibility of
falling into grievous fins, Gods diipleafure, and confequently from
the grace received : all which are utterly deftructive of Calvins Do-
ctrine in this point, and that not of the whole Machina only, but of
every part and parcel of that ruinous building 5 as will appear by the
particulars hereafter following.
34. And firft the Univerfa! Redemption of all mankind by the death xxxrv.
of Chrift, hath been fo clearly and explicitly delivered by the Church "empttn^'
of England, that nothing can be more plain. For in the fecond Ar- maintained
ticleitisfaid exprefly, cc That Chrift fuffered, was Crucified, Dead, [jjjdd^
cc and Buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to be a Sacrifice not
cc only for Original Guilt, but alfo for the actual fins of men. Agree-
" able whereunto , it is declared, Art. 31. That the offering of
cc Chrift once made, is the perfect Redemption, Propitiation, and Sa-
cc tisfattion for the fins of the whole world, both original and actual.
In both which Articles, as well the Sacrifice^ as the effect and fruit
thereof, which is the Reconciliation of mankind to God the Father, is
delivered in general terms, without any Rejiriclion put upon them.
Neither the Sacrifice, nor the Reconciliation areby the Articles either
reftrained to this man, or that, or unto one part of the World only,
("as for example, Intra partem denati*) and not to another, but extend-
ed to the whole wor Id, faith the 31. Article 3 to mankind, or to men
in generaLasitis in the fecond. A clearer Comment on which Text we
cannot poffibly have ("as to the understanding of the Churches mean-
ing) then that which may be found in the publick Liturgie: For firft
in the authorized £4/^7//// of the Church of England, the party Ca-
techized being asked what he doth learn in his belief, makes anfwer as
to this particular, that he believes in God the Father, who made him
and all the wcrld: And fecondly, that he believes God the Son, who JJ|Jay P1^-
hath redeemed him and all mankind, &c. It may be fecondly proved in PublickLi-
that claufe in the Litany, 0 Godthe Son, Redeemer of the world, have tur8ie»
mercy upon us-, &.c. Thirdly, By the" Prayer of Confecration before the
Communion, viz. cc Almighty God our heavenly Father, which of thy
cc tender mercy didft give thy only Son Jcjus ChriSt to fuffer death Up-
cc ontheCrofsfjr our Redemption, who made there (by his own Ob-
cc lation, of hrmfelf once offered) a full, perfect, and fufficient Sacrifice,
" Oblation, and Satisfaction for the fins of the WHOLE fV0RLD,8tc.
And
<lA 3\(ecejfary Introduction
And thetefli-
mony of our
ancienr Mar-
tyn.
And fourthly. By the Prayer or Thanksgiving, after the Communion,
in which we domoft humbly befeech the Lord to grant that by the Me-
rits and Death of his Son Jefus Chrift, and through Faith in his Blood,
we and all thy whole Church may obtain remillion of our Sins, and all
other benefits of his Paffion. N or was 1 t without fome meanins;this
way, that Shefelected thofe words of our Saviour in Sr. JofotsGof-
pel, viz. God Jo loved the World, that he gave his only begotten Son, &c.
to be ufed in the preparation of the Communion, as She reiterated
fome others, viz,. 0 Lamb of Cod, that tal^ejl away the (ins of the World,
&c. incorporated into the Gloria in cxcelfi', at the end thereof. A
truth fo clear in the delivery of this Church, that there needs noproof
of it from the Writings of private men : or if there did., whatcouldbe
moreexprefs than thofe words of Bifhop Hooper, viz. As the fins of
Adam without priviledge, or exception, extended and appertained
unto all Adam's and every of Adam's Pofterity 3 fo did the promife
of Grace generally appertain as well to every, andfingularof Adams
Pofterity, as to Adam himfelf, as -in the Preface above-mentioned : or
what can be more pofitive than that of Bifliop Latimer m his firft Ser-
mon, preached in Lincohjfnre, viz. Thepromiles or Chrift our Savi-
our are general, they pertain to all mankind. Ke made a general
proclamation, faying, Qui credit in me, habet vitam aternam, who-
foever belreveth in me hath everlajlivg life ? efpecially being feconded
with that which before we had, that Chrift did died as much Blood for
1/fdas, as he did for refer*-, which puts the matter high enough without
all exception.
35. Touching Free-Will, the powers of Nature, and the celeftial in-
fluences of the Grace of God, in the converfion of a finner, the Church
of England ran after a middle way, between the Rigid Lutherans, and
vancedbythe the old Pelagians. It was the Herefie of Pelagius to afcribe fo much
power to the will of man, in laying hold upon the means of his Sal-
vation, Vt gratiam Dei neceffariam non putaret, that he thought the
Grace of God to be unnecefiary, of no ufe at all. And Luther on the
othe* fide afcribed fo little thereunto, that he publifhed a Book, en-
f tuled, De fervo Arbitrio, touching the fervitudeof the will 5 in which
he held that there was no fiich thing as Free-Will? that it was a mcer
fiftion, Etnomen fine re, a rhing only titular, but of no exiftency in
nature, that a man is forcibly drawn to heaven, Velut inanimatum quid-
idam, No otherwifethan afendefs ftock, or an unreafonable creature.
The like we find to be declared by the Contra-Remonfirants, in the
CollatioHagienfJs, by whom there was no more afcribed to the will of
man in the work of his own Regeneration, or in the railing of himfelf
from the death of Sin, to the life of Righteoufnefs, than they did
afcribe unto him in his generation to the life of nature, or inhisrvefur-
reCiion from the Dead to life eternal. For thus they fay. Si cut ad na-
tivitatem fuamnemo de ffa. quicquam confert? neque ad fui excifationem.
ex mortuis neme quicquam confert de fuo \ ita etiam ad converfionem fuam,
7 emo homo quicquam confert, fed efipurum putum opus ejus gratia Dei in
Chrijlo^ qu<e in nobis operatur, non tantum potentiam credendi^ fed etiam
fidem ipfam. Which monftrous Paradox of theirs was afterwards infert-
ed
xxxv.
The freedom
of the Will
too much ad-
Felaiians
Decryed as
much by
Luther,
and
The Contra-
Remonftrants.
to the following Htflory. ft
ed in rhe Canons of the SynodoC Dort : againft which that divine fay-
ino- of St. Augujiine may be fitly ufed, Si r.on eft gratia Dei, qiwmodo ^""J" of
(ulvat mundum} Sinon eflliberum Arbitrium^quomvdo judicat mundum} in\t.
If there be no grace of God (Taith hej by what means can hefavethe
world > if there be no Free-Will'm man, with what equity can he con-
demn it? Of the fame temper is the Doctrine of the Church of g#£-
Uticii Forfirft, (he thus declares againft the Telagians in the firftclaufe JE^*0*1
of the ioth. Article, cc That the condition of man after the fall of the Articles
£C Adam isfuch, that he cannot turn and prepare himfelf by his own ^J^gl"1^
BC natural ftrength and good Worlds to Faith and calling upon God. And
fecondly, (he declares thus againft Luther in the fecond clauieof that
Article, viz,. " That without the Grace of God by Chrift prevent-
ci ingus, that we may have a good will and working with us 5 when
" we have that good will, we have no power to do good works, which
cc arepleafingand acceptable unto God: and thereupon it muft needs
follow, that by the freedom of mans will, co-operating with grace ,a4
preventing, and by the fubfequent Grace of God co-operating with the
will of man, we have a power of doing fuch works as may be accep-
table and pleafing to our heavenly Father: which may be further e-
videnced by this Collect, after the Communion, viz. " Prevent usO HerPublick
" Lord in all our doings, with thy moft gracious favour, and further Liturgie.
cc us with thy continual help, that in all our works begun, continued
cc and ended in thee, we may glonfie thy Holy Name, and finally by
" thy Mercy obtain life everlafting, through Jefus Chrift our Lord.
36. Now that both the laftclaufe of the Article, and the whole Col- xxxvl
left in the Lrturgie are to be underftood no otherwife then as it is before the churche*
laid down, appears by this Glofs of Bifhop Hooper on that Text of St. J.° Jjjj^in"
John, viz. No man cometh to me except my Father draw him,chap.6. 44. explained by
Many (faith he) underftand the words in a wrong fenfe, as if God Bithop^er,
required no more in a reafonable man, than \x\zdead poft, and mark
not the words which follow, " Every man that heareth and learneth
cc of my Father cometh to me: God draweth with his word, and the tni
" HolyGhoft, but mans duty is to hear and learn, that is to fay, to
€C receive the grace offered, confent to the promife, and not repugn the
cc God that calleth. The like occurs in Bi(hop Latimer •s Sermon on
the Sunday commonly called Septuagefwta^ in which v/e find, QC That ^?jj°p
cc feeing the preaching of the Golpel is univerfal, it appeareth that *
c- God would have all mankind faved 5 and that the fault is not in him
Ce if they be damned: for it is written thus, Deusvult omnes homines
cc falvos fieri. God would have all men be faved, but we are Co wick-
ei ed of our felves , that we refufe the fame, and will not take notice
" when it is offered to us. It cannot be denyed, but that the fame Do- as alf«
ctrine is maintained by the Arminians( as they call them) and that it
the very fame withthat of the Church of Rome, as appears by the
Council of T rent, cap. De frultu jutfificationis, & merito bonorum.
operum, Can. 3.4. But then it muft be granted alfo, that it is the Do-
ctrine of the MelanUhonian Divines, or Moderate Lutherans, as was Jj^JjJJjJj
confefted by Andreas Vega, one of the chief (ticklers in the Council of '
7 rent) who on the agitating of the point did confefs ingenuoufly that
F there
<zA J^ecejfary IntroduBion
there was no difference betwixt the Lutherans and that Church touch-
ing that particular. And then it muft be granted alfo, that it was the
and
St. Auguftine
liimfdf.
XXXVII.
The Churches
Doctrine in
the point of
Falling away,
Made clear
by fome ex-
preflfions of
Bifhop Hooper,
OfEifliop
Latimer.
and
The Con-
krcocc Jt
Hum ft on'
Ciurt.
Doctrine of St. Augustine, acccording to that divine fay irg of his. Sine
gratia Dei pr^veniente, jit volimus, & Jkbfequcnte ne frujira volimus, ad
pietatk opera nil valemus : fo that if the Church of England muft be Ar-
minian, and the Arminians muft bePapifi, becaufe they agree together
in this particular, the MelanBhonian Divines among the Protejlants^
yea and St. Augnjline himfelf muft be Papiji alfo.
37 '. Such being the freedom of the ivill, inlaying or not laying hold
nponthofe means which are offered by Almighty God for our Salvati-
on h . it cannot be denyed, but that there is a freedom alfo of the will,
in (landing unto Grace received, or departing from it: Certain I
am that it is fo refolved by the Church of England in the 16th. Article
for Confeffion, in which it is declared, tc That after we have re-
c- ceived the Holy Ghoft, we may departfrom Grace given, and fall
cr- into fin, and by the grace of God we may arife again, and amend
c- our lives:, which is the very fame with that of the 14th. Articlein
King Edward's Book of the year 1557. where plainly the Church teach-
eth a poflibility of falling or departing from the grace of the Holy
Ghoft, which is given unto us; and that our rifing again, and the a-
mending of our lives upon fuch a rifing, is a matter of contingency
only, and no way neceffary on Gods part to aflure us of. Conform
to which we find Bifhop Hooper thus difcourfingin the faid Prefaceto
his expofition of the Ten Commandments, cc The caufe of Rejection
cc or Damnation ("faith he) is fin in man, which will not hear, neither
c; receive the promife of the Gofpel 5 or clfe after he hath receivedit,
cc by accuftomcd doing of ill, fallcth either into a contempt of the
« Gofpel, and will not ftudy to live thereafter $ orelfehateththeGof1
cc pel,becaufeit condemneth his ungodly life. And we find Bifhop La-
c- timer difcourfing thus in his eighth Sermon in Lincolnflnre, <c Thofe
" perfons (faith he) that be not come yet to Chrift, or if they, were
cs come to Chrift, be fallen again from 'him , and fo loji their Jujiificati-
" on (as there be many of us when we fall willingly into fin againft
cs Goofcience) we lofe the favour of God-, our Salvation, and finally the
cc Holy Chofi. And before (c. 6.) thus, But you will fay(TaithheJ
cc How fhall I know that I am in the Booh^of Life} How fhall I try
c: my felf to be theElecf of God to everlafting life > I anfwer, Firft,
cc We may know that we may be one time in the Book^, and another
cc t ime come out again , as it anpeareth by David, who was written in
65 the Boo lt of Life : but when he finned, he at that time was out of
cc the Eool^ of the favour of God, until he repented, and was forry
" for his faults : fo that we may be in the Book one time,and afterwards
cc when we forget God and his Word, and do wickedly, we come out
cc of the Book, that is, out of Chrift whois the Book. Which makes
the point fo clear and evident on the Churches part, that when it was
moved by Doctor Reynolds at Hampton-Court, that the words, Necto-
laliter, ncc finahtcr, might be added into the Claufe of that Article,
the motion was generally rejected, and the Article left ftanding in
the lame terms, in which it then ftood. By which we may the better
judge
to the following Hijlory.
judge of fome ftrange exprefiions amongft the moft Rigidfonof the
Contra- Ke;;/or?jir ants, efpecially of that of Roger Dcntelock^, by whom
it is affirmed, that if it were poffible for any one man to commit all
the fins over again which have been acred in the world,it would neither
fruftrate his Election, nor alienate him from the love and favour of
Almighty God : for which confultthe v^eWjx to theP/e<:e or Decla-
ration, Sententict Rcmonjlrantium, Printed at Ley den, Anno 1616.
38. Such is the Doctrine of this Church, and fuch. the Judgment xxxviii.
of thofe Reverend Bifhops, and right godly Martyrs in the Predefti- J^Zfe™*
narian Controversies, before remembred. And though I have infiited.
in Judgment
on rhofetwo alone, yet in theirs I include the Judgment of Cranmer, between Bi-
Ridley, and the reft of thofe learned men who laboured in the great ZSS^'
work of the Reformation. Some difference there had been betwixt Ridley,
Cranmer and Ridley, on the one fide, and Hooper only on the o-
ther in matter of Ceremony, in which Hooper at the laft fubmitted
to the other two. But in all the Doctrinal truths of their Religi-
on there was a full confent between them : which appears plainly in
this paffage of a Letter tent from Ridley to Hooper, when they were
both prifoners for the fame caufe, though in feveral places. cc But now ua
"my dear Brother (faith he J forafmuch as I underftand by your
ec works, which I have but fuperflcially feen, that we throughly agree,
" and wholly confent together in thofe things which are the grounds
<c and fubftantial points of our Religion, againft which the world fo
ragethin thefe our days t Howfoever in times paft, in certain by-
ec matters, and circumftances of Religion, your Wifdom, and my fim-
" phcity (I grant J have a little jarred 3 each of us following the
<c abund-ince of his own fenje and 'judgment. Now I fay, be you af-
cc fured, that even with my whole heart (God is my witnefs) in the
<c Bowels of Chrift I love you in truth, and for truths fake, which
fe abideth in us, and I amperfwadedby the Grace of God, fhall abide
" in us for evermore. A&s and Mon. in Edw. VI. fol. 1366. Now as Between Bi-
Kithop Ridley thus declares himfelf to be of the fame Judgment with ^f*^
B\{ho? Hooper, fo Cranmer the Archbifhop doth declare himfelf to be fhop cram'tr.
of the fame Judgment with Bifliop Ridley : for being charged in his
examination with thinking other wife in the point of the Sacrament
then he had done about feven or eight years before, he anfwereth,
cc That he then believed otherwife than he did at that prefent, and that
ec he did fo till the Lord of London, Dr. Ridley, did confer with him 5
cc and by fundry perfwafions and Authorities of other Doctors, drew
<c him quite from his opinion, with whom he now agreed, ihid.foU
1702. Which words though fpoken only in relation to fuch points
about the Sacrament of the Altar, concerning which he was then exa-
mined by the Popes Commiflioners^ yet do they fignifie withal that
h 1 relyed very much on Ridley s Judgment, and that they were as like
to be accorded in all other matters of Religion, as they were in that.
And though Cranmer exercifed his Pen for the moft part againft the
Papifts, yet in his Book againft Steven Gardiner, Concerning the Sa-
crament of Chrifls Body and Blood, firft publifhed in the year 1551.be
thus delivereth his opinion in the prefent Controverfies. For fpeak-
F 2 ing
^6 3\(eceJJary IntroduBion
The judgment ing of the Sacrifice which was made by Chrift, he lets us know, u That
of Archbilhop cc'hetook unto himfelf not only their fins that many years before were
poSifpu-hC ec dead, and put their truft in him $ but alfo all the fins of thofe that
ted. cc until his coming again fiiould truly believe his Gofpel: fo that now we
cc may look for no other Prieft, nor Sacrifice to take away our fins,
« but only him and his Sacrifice 5 that as he dying once was offer-
c£ ed for all, fo as much as pertained unto him, he took all mens fins
cc unto himfelf, fol. 372. Which is as much as could be looked for
from a man, who did notpurpofely apply himfelf to the points in que-
ftion. Finally, it were worth the learning to know why the Para-
phrafesof Erafmm (a man of a known difference in Judgment from
Calvins Doctrines in thefe points J fhould be tranflated into Englifh
by the care of our Prelates 5 and being fo tranflated (hould be com-
mended both by limg EdwardVl. and Queen Elizabeth, tothe diligent
reading of their Subjects of all conditions 3 which certainly they had
not done, if they had not been thereunto perfwaded by thofe Bifhops,
The authority an^ other learned men about them, who had a principal hand in
afcribed ro the Reformation 5 which clearly (hews how much, as well the Prieft
the works of as t^e peop\e were to afcribe unto the Judgment of that learned man,
furft Re- and confequently how little unto that of Calvin in the prefent Contro-
formers. verfies.
xxxix 3 9' S° near tn^s Church comes up unto the Church of Rome in Go-
The Points' vernment, forms of Worfhip, and fome points of Ctntroverfie.' And
which ftill re- fome there are in which they totally difagreed, and flood in oppofiti-
"nce'bewixt on unto one another, viz. In the Articles touching the Efficiency of
the Churches. ^e scripture, purification ,the merit of good Workj, tVorkj&one before
Jujlification, Workj of Supererogation, the Fallibility or Infallibility of
the Church of Rome 5 the Authority of General Councils, Purgatory,
Adoration of Images, Invocation of Saints, the Celebrating of Divine
Service in the vulgar Tongues } the nature and number of the sacra.-
ments, Tranfubjiantiation, the Communion in both kinds, the Sacri-
fice of the Mafs, the fingle life of Triefis, the power of National
Churches in ordaining Ceremonies, and of the Civil Magiftrate in mat-
ow far with ters °^ Ecclefiaftical nature : In many of which it might be found no
iXcpoX- difficult matter to atone the differences, whenfoever it (hall pleafe
lityofRecon- God to commit the managing of them to moderate and prudent men,
who prefer truth before opinion, and peace before the prevalency of
their feveral parties. But whether it befo in all, is a harder quefti-
on, and will remain a queftion to the end of the world, unlefs all
parties lay afide their private intereft, and confcientioufly referve to.
yield as much to one another as may ftand with Piety. And then
what reafon can there be, why the breaches in the walls of Jerujalem
(hould not be made up ? and being made up, why Jerufilem fhould
not be reftored to its former Honour, of being a City at unity within it
feip The hopes of which may be the greater, becaufe there are fo
many points (fo far forth as they ftand comprifed in the Book of Arti-
cles J in which the firft Reformers were fo far from being at any diffe^
rence with the Church of Rome, that they did rather joyn with them,
in oppofing the common Enemy, Familijls, Libertines, Anti-Trini-
tarians..
to the following Htjlory. 37
tanans, Anabapjfts, and other Herctickj of that Age., whofeemed to A£*5n* hat
di^at the foundation of the Chriftian Faith, and aim at the fubver- foynwgSitf
fion of humane Society 5 Of which fort are the Articles of the Holy agamft the
Trinity, the Incarnation of the Son of God, the Divinity of the Holy^ ^Is&izs.
Ghoft, of the Old Teftament, of the three Creeds, of Original Sin, of
the Authority of the Church, of miniftring in the Congregation, ofhin-
derin^ the effec> of the Sacraments by unworthy Minifters, of Infant-
Baptifm, and the Traditions of the Church 5 of the Confecration of
Bijhops0 and Ministers ; of the Authority of the Civil Magiftratc in
making Wars, and punifhing Malefactors with Temporal Death 5 of the
community of Goods, and the exacting of an Oath to find out the
truth : Of moft ofwhichitmay be laid m St. Augujiines language, His
qui contradicit, aut a chrijli fide alien us eft, ant eft Heretic us 5 that he
who (hall deny to give his alTent unto them, is either an alien from the
Faith, or at leaft an Heretic^.
40. And then there are fome other things which are not comprehend- xl.
ed in thofe Articles, in which, though there were differences between Qb"5rJ1°j^-t
them in point of Judgment, yet the Reformers thought not fit to de- Mother e C
termine of them politively upon either fide, but left them totheli- Points by the
bertyof opinion, to be difputed, Pro and Con, amongft learned men, mfrsRef°r"
"according as their underftandings fancy, or affections fhould difpofe
them to it : fome points there are of Philological, and others of Scho-
laftical Divinity, in which there is Libertas opinandi, a liberty of opi-
nion left unto us, de quibus, /entire qu<e velis, & qu£ Jentias loqui liceat, '
in the words of Tacitus. In thefe and fuch as thefe St. Paul himfelf
feems to leave a latitude, when he gives way, Vtquilibet abundet in fuo
fenfu, Rom. 14. 5 . that is to fay, Let every man abound in his own Jen 'Jes
as the Rhtmifts read it 5 efpecially, If he be fully perfveaded in his own
mind ("touching the truth of what he writes} as our la ft Tranflation : and
Which liberty as fome have taken, inclofing with the Papifts in fome
particulars, which are not contrary to the Faith atftf Doctrine, or to the
eftabWfrit Government, and Formso^tVorfljip of the Church of 'England,
they are not for fo doing to be branded by the name oiPapilis 5 or their
writings to be cenfured and condemned for Popifl), becaufe perhaps
they differ in thofe matters from the Churches of Calvin s pUtform j
Veritas a quocunqueeft,esJ a Spiritu Sancto, as divinely Ambrofe. Truth
is nomorereftrained to the Schools of Calvin, than to thole of Rome'-,
fome truths being to be found in each, but not all in either. Andcer- their difcre-
tainly in this the firft Reformers did exceeding wifely, in not tying up tioninfodo-
the judgments of learned men, where they might be freed 5 but ,n§ ;
leaving them a fufficient fcope to exercife their wits and Pens, as they
faw occafion. Had they done otherwife, and condemned every thing
for Popifl), which was either taught or ufed in the times of Popery,
they muft then have condemned the Do&rineof the Trinity it felf, as
was well obferved by King James in the Conference at Hampton-Court: aAnp/^^en.-
Andthenfaidhe, Ton (Dr. Reynolds) must go bare-foot, becaufe they dedby Kinj
reore hofe andflwoes in time of Popery, p. 75. Befides which inconve- 7amts-
nience it muft needs have followed, that by a general renouncing of
all fuch things as have been taught and ufed by the Church of Rome,
the
<iA ^(jcejfary lntroduUton
the Confeffion of the Church of England^ muft have been like that
( both in condition and effect) which Mr. Craig compofed for the Kirk
of Scotland^ of which King James tellsus, />. 39. that with his, I re-
nounce and I abhor his Deteftationsand Protections, he did fo amaze
the fimple people., that they ("notable to conceive all thofe things) ut-
terly gave over all, falling back to Popery, or ftill remaining in their
former ignorance.
41. Such was the Moderation that was ufed by our firft Refor-
mers^ and on fuch Principles and Portions, did they ground this
Church. Which I have laid down here at large, that fo we may the
better judge of thofe Deviations, which afterwards were made by
factious and unquiet men 5 asalfoof the Piety of their endeavours,
who aimed at the Reduction 6f her to her firft condition. If the great
Prelate, whom I write of, did either labour to fubvert the Dolirine
or innovate any thing, either in the Publick Government, or Forms
of Woruhip, here by Law Ettabli(hed, contrary to the Principles
and Pofitions before expreffed 5 his Adverfaries had the better Rea-
fon to clamor againft him whilft he lived, and to purfue their clamors
till the very laft. But on the other fide, if neither in his own perfbn,
or by the diligence and activity of his fnbfervient Minifters, he acted
or fuflered any thing to be juftified in point of Practice, or allowed
any thing to be Preached or Prayed, or hindred any thing from being
Publilhed or Preached, but what may be made good by the Rules
of the Church, and thecomplexion of the times in which he lived 5
thofe foul Reproaches, which founjuftly and uncharitably have been
laid upon him, muft return back upon the Authors, from whom they
came, as ftones thrown up againft the Heavens, do many times fall
upon the heads of thofe that threw them. But whether fide deferved
the blame for innovating in the Doctrine, Rites, and Ceremonies of
the Anglican Church, according to the firft Principles and Pofitions of
it-, will belt appear by the courfe ofthe enfuing Hiftory, Relation being
had to this Introduction, which I have here placed in the front, as a
Lamp or Candle (fuch as we find commonly in the Porches of Great
MenshoufesJ tolightthe way to fuch as aredefirousto go into them,
that they may enter with delight, converfe therein with pleafure, and
return with fafety.
THI
OR, THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Life and Death
O F
The moft Reverend and Renowned Prelate
WILLIAM
By Divine Providence,
Lord Archbifliop of Canterbury, Primate of all
ENGLAND, and Metropolitan, Chancellor of the
Univerfities of Ox'on. and Dublin, and one of the
Lords of the Privy Council to His late moft
SACRED MAJESTY
King CHARLES
Second MONARCH of Qreat 'Britain.
ART
I.
Containing the Hiflory ofhk Life and Anions from the day of his
Births Oc"tob,7. 1573- totbe day of his Nomination to the
See of Canterbury, Augufl 6. 1^33.
LONDON^
Printed by J. M for feveral Book-fellers in London, i6y\.
(
i
;
THE
LIFE
O F
The moft Reverend FATHER in GOD
WILLIAM
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury.
4-'
L I B. I.
Extending from the time of bk Birth , fitf being made
BifiopofSt. Davids.
O Pvecommendunto Pofterity the Lives and
^c?7^x of eminent and famous Perfons, hath
always been efteemed a work becoming the
moft able Pens. Nothing fo much enobleth
Plutarch, as his committing unto memory,
the Actions and Atchievementsof the moft
renowned Greeks and Rowans ; or added
more unto the fame of Diogenes Laerti/ts,
than that which he hath left us of the
Lives and Apophthegms of the old Phi-
lofophers. Some pains have fortunately
been taken in this kind, by Paulus Javius Bifhop of Como3 and by
Matthew Parker Archbiftiop of Canterbury^ in the days of our
F athers. Nor can we be fo little ftudied in the World, as not
G to
^1 The Life o/William
PART I. to know, that even particular perfons( I fpeak not here of Kings and
lA^^W Princes) have had their own particular and diftindt FTifioriansj by
whom their Parts and Piety, their Military Exploits, or Civil Pru-
dence, have been tranfmitted to the knowledge of fucceeding Ages.
So that adventuring on the Life of this famous Prelate, I cannot be
* without Examples, though without Encouragements. For what
Encouragements can therebe to fuch a work, in which there is an im-
poffibility of pleafing all 5 more than an ordinary probability of of-
fending many 3 no expectation of Reward, nor certainty of any thing
but miiconftrucrions, and Detractings, if not dangers alfo. Howfo-
ever I (hall give my felf the fatisfrxtion, of doing my laft duty, to the
memory of a man fo Famous, of fuch a Publick Spirit in all his actions,
fo eminently deferving of the Church of England : With which pro-
fefiion of my Piety, and Ingenuity, I (hall not be altogether out of
hope, but that my Labours in this Piece may obtain a pardon, if they
friall not reach to an Applaufe.
AnnoVom- William Laud Archbilhopof Canterbury, wasborn on the 7th. day
1 5 7 3' °^ OUober,An. 1 573. A year remarkable for the buflings of the Puri-
tan Faction, who before they had fervedan Apprentilhipin the Trade
of Sedition, began to fet up for themfclves •■> and feeing they could
not have the countenance of Authority, to juftifie the advancing of
their Holy Difcipline, refolved to introduce it by little and little, as
opportunity lhould be given them i which they did according! /. His
Birth-place , Reading, the principal Town of Berks, for Wealth and
Beauty ; remarkable heretofore for a ftately and magnificent Abby,
founded and liberally Endowed by King Henry 1. and no iels eminent
in thefe laft Ages for the Trade of Clothing, the Seminary of fome
Families of gentry within that County. And of this Trade his
Father was, who kept not only many Lomcs in hishoufe, but many
Weavers, Spinners, and Fullers, at continual workj. living in good
Efteem and Reputation amongft his Neighbours to the very laft. His
Mother Lucy Webb, was Sifter to Sir William Webb Lord Mayor of Lon-
don, Anno 1 591. the Grand-Father of Sir William Webb not long fince
deceafed : She was firft Marry ed to John Robinfin a Clothier of the
fame Town alfo 5 but a Man of fo good Wealth and Credit, that
he Married one of his Daughters to Dr. Cotsford, and another unto
Dr. Layfield, mcuol } .rtsanrl worth; and left hisyoungeft Son cal-
led William, info good a way, that he came to be Doclorot Divinity,
Prebend of Wejiminjler* and Archdeacon of Nottingham, befide fome
other preferments which he dyed pofteft of. Having buryed her Huf-
band John Robinfin, (he was re-marryed unto Laud, this Archbifhops
Father, to whom (he brought no other child than this Son alone 5 as
if (he had fatisfied that .duty which was owing to her fecond Marriage-
bed, by bringing forth a Son, who was to be the Patriach (in a man-
ner ) of the Britijh I/lands.
(a b Brev 1. He was not born therefore of fuch Poor and fa) obfeure Parents, as
Lord Br<w\, tne Publifher of his Breviat makes him, much lefs (b) E face plebis, of
p. 3. the dregs of the People, as both he and all the reft of the Bifhops
were
1
Lord <JLrchbifbo$ of Canterbury. 4.$
were affirmed to be by the late Lord Brooke (who of all others had leaft LIB. I.
Reafon to upbraid them with it ) in a book of his touching the nature Anno Vom-
of that Epifcopacy, which had been exercifed in England. A Speech i 5 7 3*
becoming none fo ill as him that (pake it, whofe Father in his beft ix^V^J
Preferment, was but Keeper of one of Sir Fulk. GrcviWs Parks,
though the Son had afterwards the good fortune to fucceed that noble
Gentleman in his Lands and Honours. But granting that he had been
born of as poor and obfcure Parents as thofe Authors make him $ yet
muft it needs add to the commendation of his parts and induftry, who
from fomean and low a Birth, hadraifed himfelfinto fuchan eminent
height of Power and Glory, that no Bifhop or Archbifhop, lincethe
Reformation, had attained the like. The greateft Rivers many times
have the fmalleft Fountains, fuch as can hardly be found out, and
being found out, as hardly quit the coft of the difcovery 5 and yet
by long running and holding on a conftant and continual courfe, they
become large, navigable, and of great benefit unto the Publick.
Whereas fome Families may be compared to the Pyramids of ^gypt,
whichbeing built on great Foundations, grow narrower and narrower
by degrees, until at laft they end in a fmall Conus, in a point, in no-
thing- For if we look into the Stories of the Times foregoing, we
(hall find that poor and obfcure Cottages have bred Commanders to
the Camp, Judges unto the Seats of Juftice, CounfellorstotheStatej
Peers to the Realm, and Kings themfelves unto the Throne, as well as
Prelates to the Church 5 when fuch as do pretend to a nobler birth, do
many times confame themfelves in effeminate Luxuries, and wafte their
Fortunes in a Prodigal and Libidinous courfe 5 which brings into my
mind the Anfwer made by Mr. Pace (one of the Secretaries to King
Henry 8.) to a Nobleman about the Court j For when thefaid Noble-
man had told him, in contempt of Learning, That it was enough for
Noble mens Sons to wind their Horn, and carry their Hawk /air, andto
leave Study and Learning to the Children of mean men Mr. Pace there- Cam. Rem.
unto replied, Then his Lordflnp and the reft of the Noblemen muft be P 273. laft
content to leave unto the Sons of meaner perfons the managing of Affairs
ofEftate^ when their ovt>n Children pleafe themfelves with winding their
Horns, and managing their Hawks, and other Follies of the Country.
But yetnotwithftanding,fuch was the envy of theTimes,thathewas
frequently upbraided in the days of his Greatnefs, as well (in com-
mon Speech) as fcattered Libels, with the mean condition of his birth.
And I remember that I found him once in his Garden at Lambeth^ with
more than ordinary Trouble in his Countenance 3 of which not having
confidence enough to enquire the Reafbn, hefhewedme a Paper in his
hand? and told me it was a printed fheet of a Scandalous Libel which had
been itopped at the Preft, in which he found himfelf reproach'd with
fobafe a Parentage, as if he had been raked out of theDunghil, add-
ing withal, that though he had not the good fortune to be born a
Gentleman, yet he thank'd God he had been born of honeft Parents,
who lived in a plentiful condition, employed many poor people in *
their way, and left a good report behind them. And thereupon be-
ginning to clear up his countenance, I told him asprefently as I durft,
G 2 that
44
The Life o/Willia
m
part i.
A/H:o ~Dom.
589-
C dj Ef tarn
fcribetido)
quatn conci-
onando veri-
tatcm Evan-
gelicam
baud fegni-
ter fatagit
fropignare*
Godwin
that Pope Scxtus the Fifth, as ftout a Pope as eyer wore the Triple
Crown, but a poor mans Son, di4ufe familiarly to fay in contempt of
fuch Libels as frequently were made againft him, That he was domo
tiatus illufiri, becaufe the Sun-beams paffing through the broken walls
and ragged Roof, illujirated every corner of that homely Cottage in
whicri he was born 5 with which facetioufnefs of that Pope ( fo appli-
cable to theprefentoccafion) hefeemed very wellpleafed.
But to go forwards with our Story, Having efcaped a dangerous
Sicknefsin his Childhood, he was trained up ("as foonas he was fitted
for it) in the Free Grammar-Schoolof Reading? in which he profited
fowell, and came on fo faft, that before he was fixteen years of age
("which was very early for thofe tines J) he was fent to Oxon, and entred
a Commoner in St. Join's College, and there committed to the tuition
of Mr. Enckridge, one of the Fello .vs of that College 9 and after-
wards the worthy President of it. It proved no ordinary happinefs to
the Scholar to be principled under iuch a Tutor, who knew as well as
any other of his time how to employ the two-edged Sword of holy
Scripture, of which he made good proof in the times fucceeding,
brand'tQYmg it on the one fide againft the Papijis, and on the other a-
gainft the Puritans or Non-conformijis. In reference to the fir ft it is faid
of him in the general by Biftiop Godwin, (d) That he endeavoured
moft induftrioufly both by preaching and writing to defend and propa-
gate the true Religion, here by Law eftabliftied: Which appears
plainly by his Learned and Laborious Piece entituled, De peiejlate
Paps, in temporalibus, printed at London, Anno 1614. in which he
hath fo Ihaken the foundation of the Papal Monarchy,and the pretended
Superiority of that See over Kings and Princes, that none of the Learn-
edlvien of that party did ever undertake a Reply unto it. With like
fuccefs, but with left pains untohimfelf, he managed the Controver-
CataLEpifc .fie concerning Kneeling at the Lords Cupper, againft thofe of theP»-
584« ritan Faction 5 the piety and antiquity of which Religious pofture in
that holy Action, he aflerted with fuch folid Reafons and (uch clear
Authorities, in a Treatifeby him publifhed Anno 1618. that he came
off without the leaft opposition by that Party alio. Bnt before the
publiftiing of thefe Books, or either of them, his eminent Abilities
in the Pulpit had brought him into great credit with King James ? in-
fomuchthat he was chofen to be one of the four ( Dr. Andrews Biftiop
of Chichejier, Dr. Earlow Biftiop of Rochefter, and Dr. King then
Dean oichrifl- church, and not long after Biftiop of London, were the
other three ) who were appointed to preach before his Majefty at
Hampton-ccmt in the Month of September \6o6. for the redu&ion of
the two Melvms, and other Presbyterian Scots to a right underftand-
ing of the Church of England: In the performance of which Service he
took for his Text thofe words of the Apoftle, Let every foul, Oc.
Rom. 13. 1. Incanvafing whereof he fell upon the point of the Kings
C \ tj cl r Supremacy mcaaCtsEcclejiaflicali which he handled, (V) (?.s the moft
Scot lib~. Reverend Archbifhop^p^aw^fwho wasprefent atthe Sermon) hath
p. 497. informed us of him) cc both learnedly andfoundly, to the fatisfa&ion
" of all the hearers 5 but that the Scottifi) Minifters feemed very much
grieved
Lord zArchhifbop of Canterbury . 4.5
tc grieved to hear the Pope and the Presbytery fo often equalled in their LIB. I.
tc oppofitioh to Sovereign Prince's. Hiji. of the Church of Scotland, AnnoVom.
cc Lib. VII. pag. 497. And though the other three, with the like abi- 1589-
ht cs and elocution had difch.irged their parts, yet gained they nothing l-^V"^
on the Scots, who were refolved, like the deaf Adder in the Pfalmift,
not to give ear unto the Charmers, charmed they never fo wifely. But
whatfoever they loft in the opinion of that proud and refraclory Ge-
neration, they gained exceedingly on the King, and great Preferments
for themfelves, &\{\\ops Andreivs being not long after removed to the
See of Ely, BifnopP^rW unto that of Lincoln, Dr. King preferred to
the See of London, and Dr. Biichridge to that of Rochejier, where he
continued till the year 1627. when by the power and favour of this
his prefent (then Bilhop of2?.f/A and Wells) he was tranflated to
the rich Bifhoprick of Ely, in which See he dyed.
Of this man I have fpoken the more at large, that finding the temper 1590.
of the Tutor, we may the better judge of thofe ingredients which went
to the making up of the Scholar. Having fpent about a year in his
Coiledge, there wasraifed fuch a good report of him in the Town of
Reading, that partly by his own proficiencies, and partly by the good
efteem which was had of his Father, he was nominated by the Mayor
and others of that Corporation unto a Scholars place in that Houfe,
according to the Conftiturions of Sir Tho. White, the Honourable and
fole Founder of it, who though he had defigned the Merchant-Taylors
School in London fortheChief Seminary of his Coiledge, y et being a
manof a more pubiick Spirit, than to confine himfelf^ to any one place,
he allowed two Fellowships to the City of Coventry, and as many to
Brijiol, two alfo to the Town of Reading,, and one to Tunbridgc. Ad- I 5 9 3^
mitted aScholar of the Houfe on this nomination, at the end of three
years (according to the Cuftom of that Coiledge) he was made one
of the Fellows, taking his Academical Degrees according to that cu-
ftom alfo 5 by which cuftom thofe of that Society are kept longer
from takingtheir Degrees in the Arts, but arepermitted to take their
Degrees in Divinity much fooner than in other Houfes 5 fo that al-
though he proceeded not Matter of Arts till the month of July 1599. 1 «; o o
yet at the end of five years only he took the Degree of Batchclour in "
Div/nity, without longer (lay ; during which interval ^e was firft
made Deacou. and aftevwar U was pur into the Order of Priefthood by
Dr. Tonvg heuBifhop of Rockcfier, the See of Oxon. being vacant, in
which vacancy it had continued for the fpace of 11 years, that is to
fry, from the death of R\{hopVnderhill, An.l^yi. till the Confecra-
tion of Dr. Bridges on the twelfth of February, An. 1603. The Patri-
mony of that Church being in the mean time much dilapidated and
made a prey ( for the moftpartj to the Earl of F/fex, to whom it pro-
ved as miferably fatal, as the Gold of Tholoujedid of old to the Soul-
diers of Czpio.
And now bein^ fallen upon his Studies in Divinity, in the exercife
whereof he met with fome affronts and oppofitions, it will be neceflary
to take a fuorc view of the then prefent Eftate of that Univerfity, that
fo wc may the better difcern the Reafons of thofe affronts and oppofi-
tions
$6
The Life of W illiam
PART I. tions under which hefufFered. Know then, that Mr. Laurence Hum-
Anno Dora, phrey, one of the Fellows of Magdalen Colledge, being deprived of his
1600. Fellowship there in Queen Maries time, betook himfelf to the City of
Zurich^ a City of chiefeftnote amongft the Switzers, remarkable for
the Preachings and Death dtZuingliux 5 from whence, and from the
Correlpondence which he had at Geneva, he brought back with him at
his returning into England on Queen Maries death, fo much of the Cal-
vinian, both in Do&rine and in Difcipline, that the beft that could be
(f)YulL faidof him, by (f) one who commonly fpeaks favourably of all that
Hiji. hb. p. Party, is, that he was a moderate and confcientious Non-conforwfff. Im-
T' 234- , mediately on his return he was by Queen Elizabeth made Prefider.t of
Magdalen Colledge, and found to be the fitteft man ( as certainly he
was a man of very good parts, and the Matter of a pure Latine ftylej
for governing the Divinity Chair, as her Majefties Trofejfor in that
Faculty 5 in which he continued till the year 1596. and for a great part
of that time was Vice-chancellor alfo. By which advantages he did not
only ftock his Colled ge with fucha generation of Non-conformijls as
could not be wormed out in many years after his deceafe '■, but fowed
in the Divinity Schools fuch feeds of Calvimfm, and laboured to create
in the younger Students fuch a ftronghate againltthePapifts, as if no-
thing but Divine Truths were to be found in the one, and nothing but
abominations to be feen in the other. And though Dr. John Holland
Redtor of Exeter Colledge, who fucceeded Humphries in the Chair,
came to it better principled than his Predeceflbr, yet did he fufFer
himfelf to be born away by the violent current of the times, contrary
in fome cafes to his own opinion.
And yet as jealous as Doftor Humphries (hewed himfelf againft the
Tapifts ("infomuch as he got the title of a ? aptflo- Majlix) he was not
thought, though Teconded by the Lady Margarets Profeffor for that
Univerlity, to make the diftance wide enough betwixt the Churches.
A new Lecture therefore mu ft be founded by Sir Francis Walfmgham
Principal Secretary of Eftate, a man of" Great Abilities in the Schools
of Policy, and extreme hater of the Popes and Church of Rome, and no
left favourable unto thofe of the Puritan Faftion. The defign was to
make the Religion of the Church of Rome more odious, and the diffe-
rences betwixt them and the Prote Bants to appear more rreconcileable
than before they did. And that he might not fail of his purpofe in it,
the Rending of thjs Le&ure was committed to Dottor John Reynolds
Prefidentof Corpus Chri Hi Colledge, a manof infinite Reading, and as
valt a Memory 5 who having lived fometimes in one of our Englifo
Seminaries beyond the Seas, declared himfelf as profeft a Papili, and
as eager in the purfuit of that way, as any other whatfoever : But be-
ing regained unto this Church by his Brother William, who loft himfelf
in the encounter, he thought he could not fufficiently exprefs his dete-
ftationof the errors and corruptions in the Church of Rome, but by run-
ning to the other extreme, and making himfelf confiderable amongft
the Puritans. On which account, as he became very gracious to Sir
Francis Walfingham, fo was he quickly made the Spiritual Head of the
Turitan Fa&ion 5 in which capacity he managed their bufinefs for them
Lord zJrchbi/hop of Canterbnry. 47
in the Conference at Hampton-Court, Anno 1603. where he appeared LIB. F.
the principal if not oncly Speaker,the other three (that is to fay, spark , Anno Vom.
chaddeHon, and Knervjiubs) ferving no otherwife than as Mutes and 160c
Cyphers to make up the raefs. - u^-v^
By the power and practices of thefe men, the difpofition of thofe
times, and the long continuance of the Earl of Lei ceficr (the principal
Patron of that Faction) in the place of Chancellor, the face of that Uni-
verfity was fo much altered, that there was little to be feen in it of the
Church of England, according to the Principles and Portions upon
which it was at firft Reformed. All the Calvinian Rigors in matter.-;
of PredeUination, and the Points depending thereupon, received as
the Eftablilhed Doctrines of the Church of England-^ the neccfiity of
the one Sacrament, the eminent dignity of the other, and the power-
ful efficacy of both unto mans ftlvation, not only difputed, butdcny-
ed} the Article of Chrifts local defcent into hell, fo pofitively aflerted
in two Convocations, Anno 1552. and 1562. at fir ft corrupted with
falfe Gloifes, afterwards openly contradicted, and at laft totally dif-
claimed, becaufe repugnant to the Fancies of fome Foreign Divines,
though they at odds amongft themfelves in the meaning of it 5 Epi-
fcopacy maintained by halves, not as a diftinct Order from that of the
Tresbyters , but only a degree above them, or perhaps not that, for
fear of giving fcandal to the Churches of Cahins Plat/or/;/ :, the Church
of Rome inveighed againft as the IVhore of Babylon, or the Another of
Abominations ; the tope -as publickly maintained to be Antichrift, or
the Man of Sin, and that as politively and magifterially as if it had
been one of the chief Articles of the Chriftian Faith 5 and then for
fea-r of having any good thoughts for either, the vifibility of the
Church muft be no otherwife maintained, than by looking for it in
the fcattered Conventicles of the Berengarians in Italy } the Albigenfes in
France, the Hufptesxw Bohemia, and the Wicklijfifts among our felves.
Nor was there any greater care taken for the Form s and Orders of this
Church, than there had been for points of Doctrine, the Surplice fo
difufed in officiating the Divine Service of the Church, and the Di-
vine Service of the Church fo ilubbered over in moft of the Colleges,
that the Prelates and Clergie aftembled in Convocation, Anno 1603.
were neccffitatedto frame twoCanons, that is to fay, Can. 16, 17. to
bring them back again to the ancient practice 5 particularly, the bow-
ing at the Name ofjEsVs, commanded by the Injunctions of Queen
Elizabeth, Annoi^^. and tiled in moft Churches in the Kingdom, fo
much neglected and decryed, that Airy (g) Pro^pfi of Queens College fg)0*»
writ a Tract againft it 5 the Habits of the Priefts, cy which they were vome.%.
to be diftinguifhed from other men, f not only by the Queens Injun-
ctions, but alfo by fome following Canons made in Convocation)^
much defpifed, and laid afide, that DodioxReynolds had the- confi-
dence to appear in the Conference at Hampton-Court in his Turkey Gown,
and therefore may bethought to have worn no other in the Univerfi-
ty : And in a word (7>)the Books of Calvin made the Rule by which (h) Hooker
all men were to (quare their Writings, his only word f like the ipfe Preface,
dixit of Pythagoras) admitted for thefole Canon to which they were
to
48
M
PART I.
Anno T)om.
i $ o c.
(\)Eamw er-
go., quia fic
placet, in
communes
errores.
Ludo.Vives
in Aug. de
Civit. Dei«
Nifi quod ex
ilia ipfa do-
Urina^catho-
lici Patres
& veteres
Epifcopi col-
legerint.
(k)Lib.Can.
cap. ~Dt con-
cionat.\>.\c).
The Life of Willia
to frame and conform their Judgments, and in comparifon of whom the
Ancient Fathers of the Church ("men of Renown, and the Glories of
their feveral Times) mutt be held contemptible ; and to offend a-
£ainft t\\\s Canon, or to break this Rule, efteemed a more unpardonable
Crime, than to violate the A poftles Canons^ or difpute the Doctrines
and Determinations of any of the four firft general Councils 3 foas it
might have proved more fafe for any man, in fuch a general deviation
from the Rules and Dilates of this Church, to have been looked upon
as an Heathen or Publican, than an Anti-CahiniB.
But Laud was of aftronger Metal than to give up himfelf fo tamely,
and being forged and hammered on a better Anvil, would not be
wrought on by the times, or captivate hisUnderftandingto the Names
of Men, how great foever they, appeared in the eyes of others. Nor
would he run precipitately into common Opinions ("for common Opi-
nions many times are but common Errors^) as Caldcrinus is reported to
have gone to (i) Map, becaufe he would ndkbreak company with the
red: of his friends. His Studies in Diving he had founded on the
Holy Scriptures, according to the Glofles artei Interpretations of the
ancient Fathers for doing which he had the countenance and directi*
on of aCanon made in Convocation, Anno 1 571- by which it was ap-
pointed, That in interpreting the Scriptures, they were to raife no o-
ther Doctrines from them than what had Ixt n coHe^ed thence from
the ancient Fathers, and other godly Bifhops of the primitive times.
("4 ) And laying to this Line the eftabliftYd doctrines and determinati-
ons of the Church of England, it was no hard matter to him to difcern
how much the Church had deviated from her felf, ormoftmen rather
from the Church, in thofe latter times 5 how palpably the Articles had
been wrefted from the Literal and Grammatical fence, to fit them to the
fence of particular perfons ; how a different conftru&ion had been put
upon them, from that which was the true and genuine meaning of the
menthat framed them, and the Authority which confirmed them 3 and
finally, that it would be a work of much glory, but of much more me-
rit, to bring her back again to her native Principles. But then withal,
it was as ealie to difcern how defperate an attempt it muft needs appear
for a fingle man, unfeconded, and not well befriended, to oppofe him-
felf againft an Army '-> how vain a thing to ftrive againft fo ftronga
ftream, and crofs the current of the times, that the difeafe by long
neglect was grown fo natural and habitual, that more mifchief might
be feared from the Medicine, than from the Malady 5 that he muft
needs expofe himfclfiito many Cenfures and Reproaches, and poffibly
to fome danger alfooy the undertaking. Butthefelaftconfiderations
being weighed in the Scale of the San&uary, appeared fo light, that he
was refolved to try his fortune in the work, and to leave the iifue
thereof unto God, by whom Paul's planting and Apollo's -watering do re-
ceive increaje.
1602. For being thus refolved upon thepoint,itwasnot long before he had
an opportunity tofet it forwards. He had before attained unto an high
efteem for Arts and Oratory, and was conceived to have made fo
good a proficiency in the Studies of Divinity alfo, that in the year
he
LordzArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
4-9
he was admitted to read the Leclureof Mrs. Mays Foundation, with LIB. f.
the general liking of that College. With the like general content Anno. ~Dom.
and approbation he waschofenout of all the reft of that Society to be 1602.
a Candid itc for the Trottorflrip in the Univerfity, into which Office he <^*v^>J
waschofenon the fourth oli May, 1603. which was as foon as he was 1603.
capable of it by the Univerfity Statutes} which Office he difcharged
with great applaufe as to himfelf, and general fatisfa&ion unto others.
Do&or George Abbot Mafter of Vniver(ity College ("who afterwards
attained to the See of Canterbury ) was at that time Vice-chancellor of
the Univerfity, whom with the reft of the Doctors aud Heads of
Houfcs he accompanied to WoodftockJAixmox, to prefent themfelves
and tender their moft humble fervice to the moft Mighty Prince King
James, fucceeding on the 24th. of March before to the Crown of
England: And in this year it was (but -whether in reading of the Le-
cture of Mrs. May's Foundation, or fome other Chappel Exercife, lam
not able to fay ) he maintained theconftant and perpetual vifibility of
the Church of Chrift, cferived from the Apcftles to the Church of
Rome, continued in that Church ("as in others of the Eafi and South) till
the Reformation. Dr. Abbot Mafter of Vniverfity College, and vice-
chancellor, was of a different opinion, and could not find any fuch
vifibility of the Chriftian Church, but by tracing it as well as he
could from the Berengarians to the Albigenfes, from the Albigenfes to
the WicklijfiftsMrom the tVicJtfiffifts unto the Huffites, and from the
Hujfites unto Luther and Calvin 5 for proof whereof, we may confult
a Book of his, entituled, The Vifibility of the Church, publifhed in
thofe bufie Times when this impertinent Queftion, viz. Where teas your
Church before Luther^ was as impertinently infifted on by the Priefts
and Jefuites. This being his opinion alfo when he lived in Oxon, he
thought it a great derogation to his Parts and Credit, that any man
Ihould dare to maintain the contrary, and thereupon conceived a
ftrong grudge againft him, which no tradt of time could either abo-
lift] or diminifh.
In the next year, viz. 1 604. he performed his Exercife for BatcheUr 1604-
of Divinity, in which he maintained thefe two Points : Firft, The ne-
ceftity of Baptifm: Secondly, That there cculd be no true Church without
Diocefan Bifiops : For which laft he was ftirewdly ratled by Dodor
Holland above-mentioned, as one that did endeavour to caft a bone
of Difcord betwixt the Church of England, and the Reformed
Churches beyond the Seas 5 and for the firft it was objected. That he
had taken the greateft part of his Suppofition out of Bellarmines Works3
as if the Dodhine of the Incarnation of the Son of Cod, or any ne-
ceflary Truths, were to be renounced becaufe they are defended by
that Learned Cardinal. But misfortunes feldom come alone, if at the
leaftitmay be counted a misfortune to be reproached for ftanding up
ia defence of truth: For not long after, viz. Anno 1606. he was 1 Sq6,
queftioned by Dr. Airy, being Vice-chancellor for that year, for a Ser-
mon preached in St. Maries Church on the 26th. of October, as con-
taining in it fundry fcandalous and PopiJJ) paflages$ the good man ta-
king all things to be matter of ropery, which were not held forth unto
H him
50
The Life o/William
PART I. him in Calvins Injiitutes \ conceiving that there was as much Idolatry in
Anno Vonu ' bowing at the name ofjESVS, as in vvor Gripping the brazen Serpent,
1606. and as undoubtedly believing that Antichrifi was begotten on the
^^\T^oJ Whore of Babylon, as that Vhanz, and Zara were begotten on the body
of Tamar. Which advantage being taken by Doctor Abbot, he fo
violently perfecuted the poor man, and fo openly branded him foe a
Tapijl, or at leaft very PopiJJdy inclined, that it was almoft made an
Here f>e (as I have heard from his own mouth) for any one to be feen in
his company, and a mifprifion q£Here(ie to give him a civil Salutation as
he walked the ftreets. But there will one day come a time, when Do-
ctor Abbot may be made more fenfible ofthefe Oppreffions, when he
(hall fee this poor defpifed man ftanding upon the higher ground, and
more above him in refpeel: of power, than beneath in place : So unfafe
a thing it is for them that be in Authority to abufe their power, and
carry matters on to the laft extremities, as if they had Fortune in a
ftring, and could be fure to lead her with them whitherfoever they
went.
Thisfcandal being raifed at Oxon, it was not long before it flew to
Cambridge alfo, at what time Mr. Jojeph Hall (who died Bifhop of Nor-
roich about the year 1657.) was exercifing his Pen in the way ofEpi-
L. Vecad. 3. fries? vi one of which inferibed to Mr. W. L. (the two firft Letters of
Evijh his Namejitwas generally fuppofed that he aimed at him, and was
this that followeth. c I would (faith he) I knew where to find you,
"then I could tell how to take direct aims 5 whereas now I muft pore
" and conjecture. To day you are in the Tents of the Romanics, to
cc morrow in ours j the next day between both, againft both. Our
cc Adverfaries think you ours, we theirs 5 your Confcience finds you
cc with both, and neither.I flatter you not : Thisof yours is theworft
cc of all tempers : Heat and cold have their ufes 3 Lukc-warmnefs is
cc good for nothing, but to trouble the ftomach. Thofe that arc fpi-
ec ritually hot, find acceptation 5 thofe that are ftark cold, have a leffer
" reckoning 5 the mean between both is fo much worle, as it comes
cc nearer to good, and attains it not. How long will you halt in this
ce indifferency ? Refolve one way, and know at laft what you do hold,
ec what you fhould. Caft off either your wings or your teeth, and
cc loathing this Bat-like Nature, be either a Bird oraBeaft. To die
cc wavering and uncertain, yourfelf will grant fearful. If you muft
" fettle, when begin you } If you muft begin, why not now ? It is
cc dangerous deferring that whofe want is deadly, and whole oppor-
cc tunity is doubtful. God cryeth with Jehu, Who is on my fide, reho ? t
cc Look at laft out of your window to him, and in a refolute courage
cc caft down the Jezebel that hath bewitched you. Is there any impe-
" diment which delay will abate ? Isthere any which a juft anfwer
cc cannot remove ? If you had rather waver, who can fettle you >
cc But if you love not inconftancy, tell us why you ftagger ? Be plain,
£c or elfe you will never be firm, dv.
But notwithftanding thefe falfe bruits, and this fmart Epiftle, Doctor
Kuckridge who had been his Tutor, and from whom he received his
Principles, had better afluranceof his unfeigned fincerity in the true
Prote-
Lord ttArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 51
Proteftant Religion here by Law eftablilhed, than to be fo perfwa- L F B. I.
ded of him : he had not elfe preferred him to the fervice of Bifhop Anm. ~Dom.
Neik, or recommended him totheColledge, as the fitted man to fuc- 1605.
ceed him in the Presidents place, when hehimfelf was at the point of i-^V^3
his preferment to the See of Rochefter. So alfo had the whole Body of
the Univerfity, when they conferred upon him his Degrees in Divini-
ty, which certainly they had never done, if either they had believed
him to have been a Papift, or at the leaft fo Popijhly affected as the Fa-
ction made him. Neither could he have taken thofe Degrees ( had it
bcenfowith him J without a moft perfidious diftimulation before God
and man 5 becaufe in taking thofe Degrees, he muft both take the
Oath of Supremacy^ and fubfcribe to the three Articles contained iri
the 36. Canon of the year 1603. In the firft of which he was to have
abjured the Popes Authority, andinthenext to have declared his ap-
probation of the Doctrine, Government, and Forms of Worlhip efta-
bliihed. in the Church of England : Which may fufficiently ferve to
over-ballance the Depositions of Sir. Nath. Brent and Doftor Featly>
the firft of which depofed at hisTryal, That whilfi the Archbijhop re- Cant.VooW
mained in Oxon, he was generally reputed to be PopiflAy affe£fed j the p. 409.
other , Not only that the Archbifljop was generally reported to be Popijh
when he lived in Oxon, but that both he and others conceived fo of him.
But both thefe men were Abbot's Creatures, and had received their
Offices and Preferments from him 5 I need fay no more, for had he ei-
ther been a Papift, or foftronglybiaffed on that fide, what fhould have
hindred him from making an open Declaration of it, or ftop him from a
reconciliation with the Church of Rome ? His Fellowfhip was not fo
considerable, but that he mightprefume of a larger Maintenance be-
yond the Seas : Nor was he of fach common parts, but that he might
have looked for a better welcome, and far more civil ufage there than
he found at home. Preferments in the Church he had none at the pre-
fent, nor any ftrong prefumptions of it for the time to come, which
might be a temptation to him to continue here againft the clear light
of his Under'ftanding. And this may be a further Argument, not only
of his unfeigned fincerity, but of his conftancy and ftedfaftnefs in the
Religion here eftabliihed, that he kept his ftati on 5 that notwithstand-
ing all thofe clamours under which he furTered, he was refolved to
ride out the ftorm, and neither to defertthe Barque in which he failed,
nor run her upon any of the Roman shores. In this of a far better temper
thmTertullian was, though as much provok'd, of whom it is reported
by Beat/ft Rhenam/tf, That at firft he only feemed to favour Monianus?
or at the leaft not to be difpleafed with his proceedings .• But after-
wards being continually tormented by the tongues and pens of the (m) Injuria
Roman Clergy, he fell off from the obedience of the Church, and & contume-
became at laft a downright Montanift. All which together make it /«vR. E.
plain, that it was not his defign to defert the Church, but to prefcrve Ckncorum
her rather from being deferted, to vindicate her by degrees from thofe ^^t^f tn
Innovations which by long trad of time, and the cunning practices es fran^
fome men, had been thruft upon her. And being once refolved on ^.B.Rhen.
this, the bluftring winds which fo raged againft him, did rather fix him in TertuH,
H 2 at
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART I. at the root, than either (hake his refoluuon, or force him to defift
Anno Vom. ' from his purpofe in it : And therefore it was well refolved by S;r F 'w.
1605. Dering,{n) though his greateft enemy, That he was always one and the
I^n/^j fame man 5 that beginning with him at Oxon. and fo going on toCanter-
(n)Gille£l. kurVj was unmoved and unchanged'-) that he never complyed with
of Speeches-, ^e^mes^ yuf fyp his own ffand until the times came up to him, as they
^ after did. Such was the man, and fnch the purpofe of the man, whom
his good friends in Oxon. (out of pure zeal no doubt we muft take it fo)
had declared a Fapijl.
During thefe Agitations and Concuffions in the Vniverfity, there
hapned an accident at IVanjleed 'm the County of Ejjex, which made as
great a noife as his being a Papijl } but fuch a noife as might have freed
him from that Accufation, if considered rightly. In the year 1 605. he
had been made Chaplain to charlesLord Mountjoy Earl of Devonfiire,
a man in great favour with King James for his fortunate Victory at
Kin fale m Ireland, by which he reduced that Realm to the obedience
of this Crown, broke the whole Forces of the Rebels, and brought
the Earl otTir-owena. Prifoner into England with him. For which
great Services he was by King James made Lord Lieutenant of that
Kingdom, and one of the Lords of his Privy Council, created Earl of
DevonJIrire, and one of the Knights of the moft Noble Order of the
Carter. This Gentleman being a younger Brother of WilliamhotA
Mountjoy, and known only by the name of Sir Charles Blunt, while his
Brother lived, had bore a ftrong and dear affe&ion to the Lady Vene-
lope Daughter of Walter Earl of Ej/ex, a Lady in whom lodged all at-
tractive Graces of Beauty, Wit, and fweetnefs of Behaviour, which
might render her the abfolute Miftrefs of all Eyes and Hearts. And
(he fo far reciprocated with him in the like affeftion (being a compleat
and gallant man) that fome aflurances paft between them of a future
Marriage. But her friends looking on him as a younger Brother, con-
siderable only in his depending at the Court, chofe rather to difpofe
her in Marriage to Robert Lord Rich, a man of an independent Fortune,
and a known Eftate , but otherwife of an uncourtly difpofition,
unfociable, auftere, and of no very agreeable converfation to her.
Againft this Blunt had nothing to plead in Bar, the promifes which pal-
led between them being made in private, no WitneiTes to atteft unto
it, and therefore not amounting to a pre-Contra£c in due form of Law.
But long (he had not lived in the Bed of Rich, when the old flames of
her affe&ion unto Blunt began again to kindle in her, and if the Sonnet
in the Arcadia (A Neighbour mine not long ago there was, &c.) be not
too generally mifconftrued, (he made her Husband the fole inftrument1
to acquaint him with it : But whether it were fo or not, certain it is,
that having firft had their private meetings, they afterwards converft
more openly and familiarly with one another, than might ftand with
honour unto either 5 efpecially when by the death of his elder Bro-
ther, the Title of Lord Mountjoy, and the Eftate remaining to it, had
accrued unto him: As if the alteration of his Fortune could either
leflen the offence, or fupprefs the fame. Finding her, at his coming
back from the Wars of Ireland, to be free from Rich0 legally freed by a
Divorce,
Lord «AnhbtJhcp of Cant rbary.
5?
Divorce., and not a voluntary reparation only, atoroty menfa as the) Llii. \.
call it 5 he thought himfelf obliged to make her fome Reparation in AmtoVom.
point of Honour, by taking her into his Bofom as a Lawful Wife. Be- 160 5.
iides, he had fome Children by her, before (lie was actually feparated i^AJ
from the Bed of Rich (fome of which afterwards attained to Titles of
Honour) whom he conceived he might have put into a capability of
a Legitimation, by his fubfequent Marriage, according to the Rule
and Practiceof the Civil Laws, in which it pafleth for a Maxim, That
fubjequens Matrimonium legitimat prolcm. And to that end he dealt Co
powerfully with his Chaplain, that he difpofed him to perform the
Rites of that Solemnization, which was accordingly done at Wanjieed^
Decemb. 26. being the Feftival of St. Steven Anno 1 605.
Nor did he want fome Reafons to induce him to it ( befides the per-4
fwafion of his FriendsJ which might have gained upon a man not fo
much concerned in it as he was, and may be ufed for his excufe, if not
for his juftification alfo. He found by the averment of the Parties,
that fome aflurances of Marriage had pafTed between them, before
(he was efpoufed to Rich 5 which though they could not amount to a
pre-Contract in Foro Judicii, in a Court of Judicature 5 yet he might
latisfie himfelf in the truth thereof in ForoConfiientia^ in the Court of
his own private Confcicnce : And thereupon he might conclude.
That being fatisfied in the reality and truth of thofe AfTurances, and
finding that Rich had quitted his pretentions to her by a formal Sentence
of Divorce;, he might conceive it lawful for him to perform that Ser-
vice which was required at his hands. He had found alfo three Opi-
nions touching the lawfulnefs orunlawfulnefs offuch Marriages, which
are made after a Divorce: The firft, Thatfuch Marriages are lawful
unto neither Party ^ as long as either of them liveth'-, which is the Do-
ftrineof theTapifts, determined positively in the Council of Trent:
The fecond 5 That Juch Marriages arc lawful to the Party ivronged, but
not unto the Guilty alfo 5 which Opinion is maintained by fome of the
Calvinifis and divers of the Ancient Writers : The third, That both
the innocent and the guilty Party may lawfully marry if they plca/ej
which Maldonate (0) makes to be the general Opinions of the Luthe-
ran and Calvinian Minifters, as alfo of fome Catholic^ Do&ors. And -^f Q
then why might he not conceive that courfemoft fit to be followed, in in *19'9
which all Parties did agree, than either of the other two, which was
commended to him but by one Party only. And though he followed
in this cafe the worft way of the three, yet may it ferve for a fufficient
Argument that he was no Papift, nor cordially affected unto that Reli-
gion, becaufe he aftedfo directly againfc the Doclrines and Determi-
nations of the Church of Rome. If any other considerations of Pro-
fit, Preferment, or Compliance, did prevail upon him ( as perhaps
theymightj they may with Charity be looked on as the common inci-
dencies of Humane frailty, from which the holieft and moft learned
men cannot plead Exemption.
But whatsoever mot ives either of them had to put a fair colour upon
the bufinefs, certain it is, that it fucceeded well with neither : The
Earl found prefently fuch an alteration in the Kings countenance to-
wards
54 The Lifeof William
PAUT 1. wards him, and fuch a leflening of the value which formerly had been
Anno T)om. fet upon him, that he was put to a neceffity of writing an Apology to
1 6 ° {■ defend his adion : But rinding how little it edified both in Court and
*-^"v""^M Country, it wrought fuch a fad impreffion on him, that he did not much
furvive the mifchief, ending his life before the end of the year next
following. Nor did the Chaplain brook it long without fuch a check
of Confcience, as made him turn the Annual Feftival of St. Steven into
an Anniverfary Faft, humbling himfelf from year to year upon that
day before the Father of Mercies, and craving pardon for that Error
which by the perfwafions of fome Friends, and other the temptations of
flelh and blood, he had fallen into. And for this purpofe hecompofed
this enfuing Prayer.
Cant. Doom, "T^Eholdthy Servant, 0 my God, andinthe bowels of thy mercy have
2 <?• [3 compajfion on me. Behold I am become a Reproach to thy holy
Name, by ferving my Ambition and the (ins of others , which though 1
did by the perfwafion of other men, yet my own Confcience didcheck^and
upbraid me in it. Lord I befeech thee for the mercies of fefus Chriji,
enter not into Judgment with me thy Servant , but hear his blood implor-
ing thy mercies for me : Neither let this Marriage prove a Divorcing of
my Soul from thy grace and favour $ for much more happy had I been,
if being mindful of this day, I had fuff^red Martyrdom, as did St.
Steven the firfl Martyrs, denying that which either my lefs fiitrjjul
friends or lefs godly friends hadpreffed upon me. Ipromifed to my felf
that the darknefs would hide me, but that hope foonvanifed away: Nor
doth the light appear more plainly, than I that have committed that foul
offence: Evenfo, 0 Lord, itpleafcd thee of thy infinite mercy todejeU
me with this heavy Lgnominy, that I might learn to feek^thy Name. O
Lord how grievous is the remembrance of my (in to this very day, after
fo many and fuch reiterated Prayers poured forth unto thee from a forrow-
fnl and afflicted Spirit. Be merciful, 0 Lord, unto me j hearken to the
Prayers of thy humble and dejecJed Servant, andraife me up again O
Lord, that I may not die in this my (in, but that I may live in thee here-
after, and living evermore rejoyce in thee, through the merits and the
mercies of fefus chrifi my Lord and Saviour. Amen.
A brave example of a penitent and affiifted Soul, which many of us
may admire, but few will imitate. And though I doubt not but that
the Lord in mercy did remit this fault, yet was he not fo mercifully
dealt with at the hands of men, by whom it was fo frequently and re-
proachfully call: in the way of his Preferment, that he was fain to make
vBre.p.q. the Duke of Buckingham acquainted with the ftory of it, and by his
&P-6. means to polTefs King Charles his gracious Mi/ier with the truth thereof :
So long it was before his Enemies had dcfifted from preffing this unhap-
py Error to his difadvantage.
I 608. The Earl of Devon fire being dead, he was by Do&or Swo^r/d^e his
rnoft conftant friend (Anno 1 608. ) commended to the Service of Do-
ctor Richard Neile, then Biihop of Rochefter, a man who very well un-
der ftood the Conftitution of the Church of England, though otherwife
not
♦
Lord lArchbijbop c/Canterbnry, 55
notfo eminent in all parts of Learning, as fome other Bilhops of his LIB. I.
time: But what he wanted in himfelf, hemade good in the choice of AnnoDom*
his Servants, having more able men about him from time to time than 1608.
any other of that Age : Amongft which ( not to reckon Laud, of whom <-<??"Vs^
now I fpeak ) were Do&or Auguftine Linfell Bifliop of Hereford, Do-
dor Thomas Jackson Prefident of Corpus Chritfi College in Oxon. and
Dean of Peterborough,, Do&or John Cofen Prebend of Durhaim^ and
Dean of Peterborough after Jackjon, Doclor Benjamin Lany Mailer
of Pembroke-Hall in Can/bridge, and Dean of Rochcjler, Doctor Ro-
bert Newell his half Brother, Prebend of IVellminfier and Durham,
and Archdeacon of Buckingham, Do&or Gabriel Clarke Prebend and
Archdeacon of Durham^ Doctor Eliazer Dun cum one of the r re-
bends of Durham alfo, Mr. Barlows right folid man, but not p ,ilefled of
any Dignity in the Church to my beft remembrance 5 and iome others
of good note, whofe Names and Titles I cannot prefertly call to
mind. In the beginning of the Reign of Ring James ("by the power
and mediation of Archbifhop Bancroft ) he was made Clerk of the
Clofetto that King, that (landing continually at his Elbow, he might
be ready to perform good offices to the Church and Churcb-men ?
And hedifcharged his truft fo well, that though he loft the love of
fome of the Courtiers, who where too vifibly inclined to the Puritan
Faftion, yet he gained the"favour of his Mafter, by whom he was
preferred to the Dcanry of Weftminficr, and afterwards fuceeffively to
the Bifhopricks of Rochejier, Litchfield> Lincoln, and Durham, one of
the richeft in the Kingdom 5 which (hews that there wasinhimfome-
thing more than ordinary, which made that King fo bountiful and
gracious to him. Nor ftaid he there, but by the Power and Favour
of this his Chaplain, he was promoted in the Reign of King Charles
to the See of Winton, and finally exalted to the Metropolitan See of
- Tor^ where at laft he died about the latter end of October 1640. None
of his Chaplains received fo much into his Counjels as Do&or Laud (to »
which degree he was admitted in the year 1 608.) whom he found both
an afti ve and a trufty Servant, as afterwards a moft conftant and faith'
ful friend upon all occafions.
The firft Ecclefiaftical Preferment which fell unto him was the Vi-
fcarage of Stamford in Northamptonfiire : But having put himfelf into
the Service of Bifhop Neile, he was by him preferred unto the Redtory
of Cuckjlone in Kent, toward the latter end of May 1610. On the ac- 1 S-i 6i
ceptance thereof he gave over his Fellowship in October following,,
that fo he might more fully apply himfelf to the ferviceofhis Lord
anff Patron. But Cuckjlone proving an unhealthy place, he exchanged
it for another called Norton 5 a Benefice of lefs value, butfttuate in
a better and more healthy Air : His Patron in the mean time being
tranflatedtothe See of Litchfieldon the end of September, whofe For-
tunes he was refolved to follow, till God mould pleafe to provide
other wife for him: For firft: the Bilhop, before his going off from the
Deanryof IVeJiminjier, which he held in commendam with his Bifhop-
rick of Rochejier, obtained for him of King James2 (to whom not
otherwife known but by his Recommendation) the Reverfion of a Pre-
bend
5&
The Lifeof William
PART I. bend'mthat Churchy which though it fell not to him until ten year9
Anno ~Dom. after,yet it fell at laft,and thereby neighbour'd him to the Court. And
i 6 i o. on the other fide, his good Friend and Tutor Dodtor Buckridge being
^-^V"^* nominated SucceiTor unto Neile in the See of Rochefier, laid a good
ground for his fucceffion in the Prefidentfiip of St. John's College,
thereby to render him confiderable in the Univerfity. But this was
both fufpe&ed and feared by Abbot, who being confecrated Bilhopof
Coventry and Litchfieldon the third of December 1609. and from thence
removed to London in the end of January next enfuing, refolved to
hinder the defign with all care and diligence : So natural a thing it is to
hate the man whom we havewronged, to keep him down, whom we
have any caufe to fear, when we have him under. To which end he
made great Complaints againft him to Thomas Lord Elfmer, Lord
Chancellor of England many years before, and newly then made
Chancellor of that Univerfity, on the death of the Lord Archbiftiop
Bancroft, infinuating to him. That he was at the leaji a Papift in heart,
and cordially addicted unto Popery 5 That he kept company with none but
profeji and fuftetfed Papifts , and, That if he were fuffered to have any
place of Government in the University \ it rmould undoubtedly turn to the
great Detriment of Religion, andDiflwnour of his Lordflnp. The Chan-
cellor hereupon makes his Addrefs unto the King, informing him of
all which had been told him concerning Laud, which was like to have
deftroy'd his hopes to that defign ( notwithstanding his petition to the
King to believe otherwife of him) if Bifhop Neile his conftant and un-
moveable Friend, had not acquainted his Majefty with the Abilities
of the man, and the old grudge which Abbot had conceived againft
him.
This Barbeingthus removed, thedefignfor the Prefidentfhip went
on 5 in the obtaining whereof, he found a greater difficulty than he
had expe&ed: Rawlinfon, once a Fellow of the fame Houfe, and af-
terwards Principal of 'St. Edmonds Hall, appearing a Competitor for
it. Each of them having prepared his Party, the Fellows proceeded
I 6 1 I toan Election, May 10. Anno 161 1. The Scrutiny being made, and the
Ele&ion at the point to be declared, one of the Fellows of Rawlinfon s
Party, feeing which way the bufinefs was like to go, fnatch'd up the
Paper, and tore it fuddenly in pieces. The Nomination being thus
unhappily fruftrated, an Appeal was made unto King James, who
(pent three hours in giving Audience to both parties 3 and upon full
confiderationof the Proofs and Allegations on either fide (notwith-
standing all the former practices and prejudices to incline him other-
wife) he gave Sentence in behalf of Laud 5 which hapning on the 2$th.
of Auguft, being the day of the beheading of St. John Baptifi, by whofe
Name that College was entituled by the Founder of it, had given an
occafion unto fome to look upon it as an Omen or Vrognofli cation, that
this new Head (hould fuffer death by being beheaded, as the other did.
The King having thus paffed Judgment for him, he was thereupon
fworn and admitted Prefident 5 and being fo fworn and admitted, he
could not for example fake but inflidr fome puniftiment on the party
who had torn the scrutiny : But knowing him for a man of hopeful
Parts,
Lord \ArcbbiJhop of Canterbury.
57
Parts, induftrious in his Studies, andof a Courage not to bedilliked, LIB. I.
he not onlv releafed him from theCenfure under which, he lay, but Anno Vom.
took, him into fpecial Favour, trufted him in all his weighty bufineiies, i 6 i I.
made hinr his Chaplain, and preferred him from one good Benefice to ,,-^N>r^
another, married him to his Brothers Daughter, and finally pro-
moted him to the very Prefidcntfjjp (which had been the firfl: caufe
of that breach) and one of the beft Deanries of the Kingdom. To
inch others of the Fellowsashad oppofedhim in his Election to that
place, he always Chewed a fair and equal countenance, hoping to gain
them by degrees : But if he found any of them to be untracea-
ble, not eafily to be gained by favours, he would find fome hand-
fom way or other to remove them out of the Colledge, that others
not engaged upon either fide might fucceed in their places. But
notwithstanding all this care, the Fa&ion (till held up againft him,
the younger fry inclining to the fame fide which had been taken by
their Tutors.
But whiles thefe things were in agitation, there hapned a great
alteration in the Church of England, by the death of the mod Reve-
rend Archbifhop Bancroft, who died on the fecond of November
i6ic. and with whom died the Vniformity of the Church of England.
A man he was of eminent parts, and of a moft undaunted fpirit,
one who well knew his work and did it. When Chaplain only to
the Lord Chancellor Hatton, he piee'd himfelf with Doftor whitgift,
not long after his firfl: coming to the See of Canterbury, to whom he
proved a great fupport in gaining the Lord chancellor for him, by
vvhofe affiftance he was enabled to hold out againft the over-ruling
Power of the Earl of Leicejier, the Patron-General of the Faction.
In the year 1588. he Preached a Sermon at Saint Pauls Crols, and
therein made an open Declaration ofthofe manifold Dangers which
the prevalency of that Fadtion would bring upon the Church and
State, if they might be fuffered 5 which blow he followed in a Book
entituled. Dangerous Tojitions and Proceedings publifjed and pra&ifed
within this Ijland of Britain, under pretence of Reformation, and for
the Presbyterial Difcipline: And in that Book hemadefuch aperfeft
difcovery of their Plots and Practices, and fo anatomized them in
every part, that he made them odious unto thofe who before had .
been their greateft Patrons. In the year 1593. he published another
Treatife, entituled, A Survey of the Pretended holy Difcipline, in
which he fo diffe&ed the whole Body of Calvin 's Presbyterial Plat-
form, (hewing the incoherencies of it in it felf, and the inconfiftencies
thereof with Monarchical Government, that he took off the edge of
many ("and thofe Great ones too) who had not only feemedto like it,
but had longed for it : The Plot was fo laid down by Whitgift, that
at the fame time there (hould come out two other Books, the one
written by Doctor fhomas Bilfon, Warden of the Colledge near
Winton, for proof of the Antiquity and perpetual Government of
the Church by Bifhops 5 the other by Doctor Richard Cofins a right
Learned Civilian, in juftification of the Proceedings in the Ecclefi-
aftical Courts. By which four Books the Puritan. Fa&ion was fo
I mnzkd,
58 The Life o^William
PART I. atfw&4!n/»that they were notable to bart^ in a long time afteraior do they
Anno Vom. want their feveral and juft Rewards for fuch good performances, Bil-
i 6 I i. fin being firft made BiJIjop of tVorcefier, and not long after Bifhop of
t^V^aO v/inton, Bancroft advanced to the See of London, and Doclor Cofens
Vicar-general and Dean of the Arches, within few years after being
confecrated Bifhop of London, on the eighth of May 1597. he kept
fuch a watchful eye over it, and held fo ftricl: a hand upon it, that
from a receptacle and retreat of the Grandees of the Puritan party,
it became almoft as free from Faction as any other in the Kingdom :
And knowing how much the Peace of this Church did depend upon
it, he managed a fecret Correfpondency with King James in Scotland,
insinuating unto him the neceffity of conforming the Churches of
both Kingdoms in Government and Forms of Worftiip., and laying
down a plot for reftoring Epifcopacy to that kirk, without noife or trou-
ble : Which counfel being advifedly followed by King James before
rns coming into England, was afterwards fo well purfued (though
not without fome violent ftrugling of the Presbyterians of that King-
dom) that on the 21. day of Offober'm the year 1609. the defigned
Bifhopsot Glafcow, Brechen, and Gallo-Way received Epifcopal Con-
fecration in the Chappel of London-houfe, by the hands of Doctor
George Abbot then Bifhop of London, Doctor Lancelot Andrews Bi-
fhop of Ely, Doctor James Montague Bifhop of Bath and Wells, and
Doctor Richard Neile then Biflbop of Rochejier 5 Bancroft himfelf for-
bearing to lay hands upon them, for the avoiding of all Icruples a-
mongft the Scots, as if he pretended any Jurifdi&ion or Authority-
over them.
In the mean time, Anno 1603. he carried a chief hand in the Con-
ference at Hampton-Court, and had the fole management of the Con-
vocation of the fame year alfo, in which he paffed that excellent body
of Canons and Confiitutions Ecclejiafiical, to ferve for a perpetual
ftand ing Rule to the Church of England. Succeeding Whitgifi in
the See of Canterbury, Anno 1 604. he refolved to put the Canons
into execution, and prefs'd it with fo ftout a courage, that few had
confidence enough to ftand out againft him: Some of them did, and
thofe he either depriv'd or filencd, and thereby terrified the reft to
an open conformity. They fawtoo plainly that they muft not dal-
ly with his patience, as they did with Whitgifls 3 and that he was re-
folved to breaks them, if they would not bow : And they did wifely
in fo bowing h for who could ftand againft a man of fucha fpirit, ar-
med with Authority, having the Law on his fide, and the King to
fp) Ccnf. at friend, who had declared publickly in the Q>) Conference at Hampton'
Hamp'p.3'). Court, Thatif they would not conform, he would either hurry them
out of the Kingdom, or elfe do worfe? In the year 1608, he was
chofen Chancellor at Oxon3 and queftionlefs would have fet all things
right in that Univerfity, if Sicknefs and the ftroke of Death had not
prevented his intendments. But die he muft 5 and being dead, there
was a Confultation amongft fome of the Biftiops and other Great
men of the Court, whom to commend unto King James for his Suc-
ceflbr in that see. They knew that Montague and Abbot would be
venturing
*
Lord aJ rchbijhop of Canterbury. 59
venturing at it, but they had not confidence enough in either of them, L I B. I.
both of them being extremely popular, and fuchas would ingratiate AnnoVom.
themfelves with the Puritan Faction, how dearly foever the Church i 6 i o.
paid for it : And thereupon it was refolved to fix on Andrews for the p^T^T^
man 5 a man, as one fays very well of him, of Primitive Antiquity, Charles h
in whom was to be found whatever isdefirable in a Bifliop, even to H.L.p. 31
admiration h to whom they found the King to be well arfecled, for
taking up the Bucklers for him againft Cardinal Bellarmine. The
Motion was no fooner made, but it was embraced, and they de-
parted from the King with as good affurance as if the bufinefs had
been done, and Andrews fully fetled in the Throne of Canterbury.
In confidence whereof, fome of them retired to their Country Hou-
fes, and others leftened their accuftomed diligence about the King,
and thereby gave an opportunity to the Earl of Dunbar ("a powerful
Minifter of State ) to put in for Abbot , who had attended him in
fome Negotiations which he had with the Scots 3 and he put in fo
powerfully in his behalf, that at laft he carried it, and had the Kings
Hand tothepaffiug of the publick Inftruments, before the other Bi-
fhops ever heard of the Plot : But when they heard of it, there was
no Remedy but Patience 5 but it was Patience perforce, as the Proverb
hath it : For much they feared that Abbot would unravel all the Web
which Bancroft with fuch pains had weaved, and that he was ("as the
fame Author well obferves) better qualified with Merit for the Dignity %
than with a fpirit anfwering the function. Follow his Character to
the end, and you (hall be told, cc That in the exercifingof his Fundri-
<e on he was conceived to^facil and yielding : His extraordinary Re-
<c mifnefsin not exacting ftricl: Conformity to the prefcribed Orders
" of the Church in point of Ceremony, feemed to refolve thofe Le-
<c gal Determinations to their firft Principle of Fndiflerency,and led in
c'fuch an habit of Inconformity, as the future Reduction of thofeten-
<cder Confcienced men, to long difcontinued. Obedience, wasatthe
«e laft interpreted an Innovation. If Andrews had fucceeded Bancroft,
and Laud followed Andrews, the Church would have been fetled fo
fureon a Foundation, that it could not eafily have been fhaken, to
the preventing of thofe deplorable Mi feries, which the Remifs Go-
vernment of that Popular Prelate did fo unfortunately bring both on
the Church and State.
But to go forward where we left, Laudw&s no fooner fetled in the 1611,
Prefidenrihip of his Colledge, but he conceived himfelf advanced, one
ftep at thejeaft, towards a Precedency in the Church, and therefore
thought it was high time to caftan eye upon the Court. His good
Friend and Patron Bifliop Neile, then being of Rochefier, had procured
him a Turn before the King at Theobalds on the 17th. of September
1 609. and by the power and favour of the fame man, being then tran-
flated unto Litchfield, he was fworn one of his Majefties Chaplains in
Ordinary on the third of November, Anno 161 1. yet fothat he con-
tinued his dependencies on his former Lord, to whom he was as dear
and neceffary as before he was jen joying freely all the accommodations
of his Houfe, whenfocver his occafions brought him to London,
I 2 Having
The Life o/William
PART f.-Havingthus fet foot within the Court,he promifed himlelf great hopes
Anno Vom. of fome prefent preferment ; but thofe hopes deceived him. Nothing
i 6 i i. is more uncertain than Court Preferments : Some have them fuddenly
u^v/^)sJ at the hrft,and then continue at a ftand without farther Additions, as
in the cafe of Doctor Toung Dean of IVinchejler : Some attend long,
and get nothing., as in the Cafe of Mr. Arthur Terringham, and many
(2) Job. 21. others, and fome are in the fame cafe with the Apoftles in St. John (z)
v. 3, 6. . when they went a fifbing, of whom it is faid, That having caught no-
thing all the night, they r.iji their net the next morning on the right (ide
of the ship) and then they were not able to draw it for the multitude of
Fijhes. And fo it was with this new Chaplain^many Preferments fell,
but none fell to him 5 For whenfoever any opportunity was offered
for his Advancement, Archbifhop Abbot (who had before defamed him
to the Lord Chancellor Egerton^ and by his mouth unto the King)
would befuretocaftfomewhatin his difh} fometimes inculcating to
I him all his actings at Oxon, and fometimes rubbing up the old fore of
his unfortunate bufinefs with the Earl of Devonpire. Thefe Artifices
fb efrranged the Kings Countenance from him, that having waited
four years,and feeing his hopes more defperate than at the firfr,he was
upon the point of leaving the Court, and retiring wholly into his Col-
ledge : But firft he thought it not amifs to acquaint his dear Friend
and Patron Bifhop Ne*/e,both with his refbmtion and the reafons of
it. But Keile was not to be told what he knew before 5 and therefore
anfwered, That he was very fenfible of thole many neglects which
were put upon him, and faw too clearly that he had been too long un-
der a cloud 5 but howfoever advifed him to ftay one year longer, and
that if he had no better encouragement within that year, he would
confentto his retirement. In the mean time to keep him up in heart
and fpirit,as he had given him the Prebendary of Bugden belonging to
the Church of Line oln(to which See he had been tranOated^#«0 1613.)
1 6 1 4. but the year before ; fo in the year of his complaint, which was 161 5.
he conferred upon him alfo the Archdeaconry of Huntington. It had
pleated God to difpofeof his Affairs, that before the year of expecta-
tion was fully ended, his Majefty began to take him into his better
thoughts, and for ateftimony thereof beftowedupon him the Deanry
of Clocefier^ void by the Death of the Reverend Right Learned Do-
ctor Field, v/hofe excellent Works will keep his Name alive to fuc-
ceeding Ages: A Deanry of no very great value, but fuchaskepthim
up in reputation, and made men fee he was not fo contemptible in the
Eyes of the King as it was generally imagined.
But before we follow him to Glocefter, we muft take Oxon in our
way. in which had hapned no fmall alteration fince we left it laft : Do-
ctor Henry HolLind Rector of Exeter Colledge, and his Majefties Pnr
feflbr for Divinity, having left his Lifeinthe end of theyear 1611.
it fecmcd good to Archbifhop Abbot to make ufe of his Power and Fa-
vour with King }ames, for preferring to that place fail Elder Brother
Doctor Robert A bbot, being then Mafterof Baliol Colledge, and Rector
of Bingham in the County of Nottingham : He had before been Fellow
of ir3 and Doctor Lilly dying fo opportunely for the furtherance of his
Pre-
do
Lord tJlrcbbijhop of Canterbury. 6i
Preferment in the University, he fucceeded Mailer in his place March LIB. p
9. 1609. being the next Month after his Brother had been advanced Anna Vom.
totheSecofLf^w : A man he was of eminent Learnings his Works 1615.
declare, and a more moderate Calvinian than either of his Predecef-
fors, which he expreiled by countenancing the Subhpjarian way of
Prcdeftination^ bv means whereof he incurred the high difpleafurc of
the snpralapfirians, who until then had carried all before them, with-
out gaining any thing on thofewho liked well of neither : But de-
pending altogether on the will of his Brother, he thought he could not
gratifie and oblige him more, than in purfuinghis old quarrels agatnft
Laud and others, whom he knew to be difrelifhed by him, which he
thus purfued. ft hapnedthat Laud Preaching on shrove- Sun day, Anno
1014. infilled onfome points which might indifferently be imputed
either to Popery or Arminixnifm,(as about that time they began to call
it) though in themfelvesthey were no other than the true and genuine
Doctrines of the Church of England: And having occafion in that
Sermon to touch upon the Presbyterians and their Proceedings, he ufed
fome words to this effect, vi£. That the Presbyterians were as bad as
the Papifts : Which being fo directly contrary to the Judgment and
Opinion of this Doctor Abbot, and knowing how much Laud had been
diftafted by his Brother when he lived in Oxon. conceived he could not
better fatisfie himfelf, and oblige his Brother the Archbifhop, than by
exposing him (on the next occafion) both tofhame and cenfure,which
he did accordingly: For being Vice-chancellor for the year, and
Preaching at St. Peters upon Easier-day in the afternoon, he pointed at
himfo directly, that none of the Auditors were fo ignorant, as not to
know at whom he aimed. Laudnot being prefent at the firft Preach-
ing of the Sermon, was by his friends perfwaded to (hew himfelf
at St. Maries on the Sunday after, when it fhouldcome to be repeated
C according to the ancient Cuftom of that UniverfityJ to whole per-
fwalions giving an unwilling confent, he heard himfelf fufficiently a-
bufed for almoft an hour together, and that fo palpably and grofiy,
that he was pointed too as he fate : Some of the pafTages of which
Sermon I (hall here fubjoyn, becaufe howfoever they might bring to
him fome prefent and perfonal difgrace, yetthey redounded atthelafr.
to the great good and benefit of the Univerfity.
Some (faid the Doctor in his Sermon) are partly Romifh, partly
Englifh, as occafion fervedthem, that a man might fay unto them,No-
fter es, an Adverfariorum ? who under pretence of Truth,and Preach-
ing againjl the Puritan, Jlrikg at the heart and root of the Faith and
Religion now ejlablifjed amongjl us, &c. That they cannot plead they
are accounted Papifts, £ef<2«/2 they fpeak^ againjl the Puritan,/*//* becaujt;
being indeed, Papifts, they fpea\ nothing againjl them 5 If they do at
anytime fpea^ again fl Papifts, they do but beat a little about the
bujh, and that but joftly too6 for fear of waging and difquieting the birds
that are in it they fpeak^ nothing but that wherein otic Papift will fpeak^
againjl another 5 as againjl Equivocation, and the Popes Temporal Au-
thority, and the life and perhaps fome of their blafphemous fpeeches :
But
61
The Life o/William
But in the Points of Free Will, Jujlification, Concupifcence being a fin
after Baptifm, Inherent Righteoufnefs, and certainty of Salvation 5 the
Papifts beyond the Seas can fay they are wholly theirs 5 and the Recu-
fants at home make their brags of them. And in all things they keep
themfelves fo near the brinks, that upon any occafion they may flep over
to them. Now for this fpeech, that the Presbyterians are as bud as the
Papifts, there is a fling in the fpeech, which I wijh had been left out,
for there are many Churches beyond the Seas which contend for the
Religion eUablifjcd amongfl us3 and yet have- approved and admitted
the Presbytery, 0*6.
After which, having fpoken fbmewhat in juftification of Presbyte-
ries, he proceed ed thus :
Might not Cjhrift fiy ("faith he J What art thou, ROMISH or
ENGLISH \ PAPIST or PROTESTANT? Or what
art thou? A Mungrel or compound of both : A Proteftant^ Ordina-
tion, a Papift in point of Free Will, Inherent Righteoufnefs, and the
like. A Proteftant in receiving the Sacrament, a Papift in the Do-
Brine of the Sacrament ? What, do you thinks there are two Heavens ?
If there be, get you to the other, and place your Jelves there, for into
this where Iamyeflmllnot come.
It is not to be doubted but that he was much troubled atthisharlh
ufage, and might have been more troubled at it had he flood alone 5
had not fome others of eminent note, been handled in as ill a manner
not long before: Howfon, andCorbet, both ofchriji- church, had been
Prascurforsin this cafe, to the Prefident of St. John Baptifi, the Pne-
curfor of Chrifl : Of thele, thefirft, being a grave and Reverend per-
fon, an ancient Do&or in Divinity, and one of the Canons of the
Church, had been Vice-Chancellor of the Univerfity, when Laud had
but newly taken on him the Order of Priefthood 5 but none of thefe
could priviledge him from feeling the dint of that mans {pirit: For
Preaching at St. Maries in the year 1 61 1. he took occafion to fpeak of
the Geneva Notes on the Bible, accufingthem as guilty of mifinter-
pretation touching the Divinity of Chrift and his Meffiahfhip, (as my
Author (f) hath it) as if fymbolizing with Arrians and Jews againft
(f) Church them both. Whereupon he was fulpended by this Dr. Abbot, Propter
Hift. /• 10. Conciones publicas minus Orthodoxas, & offenfionis plenasj that is to
5?* fay5 for fome publick Sermons being lefs Orthodox, and fuller of of-
fence than they ought to have been. The other,being a man of great'
wit and able parts, hadbeenProfrorof the Univerfity, in the fame
year in which Howfon did incur this Cenfure : And preaching the Paf
(ion Sermon at Chrifl-Church, Anno 1613. infifted on the Article of
Chrifts defcending into Hell, and therein grated upon Calvins mani-
feft perverting of thetrue fenfe and meaning of it : For which he was
fo ratled up by the Repetitioner, not without Abbots fertingon (as it
was generally conceived) that if he had not been a man of a very great
courage, it might have made him albamed of ftaying in the Univer-
fity 5
PART I.
Anno T>om.
1 6 I 5.
Lord ±A rcbbijhcp of Cant^rbary. 67,
iity 5 fo dangerous a thing it was to touch at any thing in which Geneva L i B. I.
was concerned. For thebeft was, that none of them funk under the Anno Vom.
burden of thefe oppretTions, if (like the Camomile") they did not rife i 3 i %
the higher by it. For Howfin cnthe ninth of May, 1616. fucccedcd ^-^V^J
Dr. John Bridges'm the See of Oxon. from thence tranflated unto ©*r-
h.tm, Anno 1627. and left behind him this commendation, (?) that he (t)yir mt.
was a very learned man, and plentifully endowed with all thofe ver- ditus& vir-
tues which were mod proper for a Bilbop, as Godwin tells us of him in tutibusEpif-
his Continuation. Corbet, being made Dean of Chriji-church in the y ear copalibus in-
itio, facceeded Eifhop Hoirfon in the See of Oxon. and died Bilhop fi™8tis.
o? Norwich, Anno 1635. And how it did fucceed with Laud, the God w. in
courfe of this enfuing Hiftory will at large inform us. outinuat.
" For he being very fenfible of fo great an injury, thought it fit to pre-
vent the fame by giving an account of it to the Bifhop of Lincoln 5
which he did on the Morrow after the Repetition,being the eighteenth
day of April, defiringhis advice, whether he (hould lit down by the
wrong, or make Abbot as fenfible of it as he was himfelf. What dire-
ction he received in it lam notable to fay, but as it feems he was ad-
vifed to fit down with patience, not to exafperate either of the Abbots,
and thereby to provoke more enemies againft him than he had alrea-
dy. And I conceive that this Advice was given unto him, becaufel
cannot find that he ftirred any further in it 5 the rather in regard that
Abbot was nominated not long after to the Bifhoprick of Salisbury in
the place of Dr. Henry Cotton, who died on the feventh of May next
following. And yet this Bifhoprick was not carried fo clearly for him,
notwithstanding his Brothers great power and credit in the Court:
but that a very ftrong oppofition was made againft him, which being
overcome at laft, he received Epifcopal Confecration on the third of
December, leaving the Chair to Dr. John Prideanx, Rector of Exeter
Colledge, who proved a vehement alTertor of all the Calvinian rigours
inthematter of Predeftination, and the Points depending thereupon ,
as appears by his firft Lecture, De Abfoluto Decreto, and the reft which
followed.
Dr. Abbot being thus removed to an higher fphere,it feemed not good
to laa^topurfue the quarrel, but patiently to attend the year of his
expectation 5 before the expiring whereof the King beftowed upon
himtheDeanry of GloceUer, as before was faid. At the beftowing
of which Deanry his Majefty told hin^thathe had been informed that
there was fcarce ever a Church in England fo ill governed, and fo
much out of order as that was, requiring him in the general to reform
and fet in order what he found amifs. Being thus forewarned, and
withal forearmed, he makes hafte to Glocejier, where he found the
Church in great decay, many things out of order in it, the Commu-
nion Table ftanding almoft in the middeft of the Quire, contrary to
the pofture of it in his Majefties Chappel, and of all the Cathedral
Churches which he had feen. Which being obferved, he called a
Chapter of the Prebends, and having acquainted them with his Maje-
fties Inftru&ions, eafily obtained their confent to two Chapter Acts:
The one3 for the fpeedy Repairing of the Church where it was mod
neceflfary :
^4-
The Life o/William
PART I. neceilarv : The other, fortranfpofing the Communion Table to the
Anno Vom. Eaft end of the Quire, and placing it all along the Wall, according to
i 6 i 6. the fiituation of it in other Cathedral or Mother Churches, which
V-^V5^ Tranfpofition being made, be recommended to the Prebendaries, the
Quire-men, Chorifters, and the under-Officers of the Church the
making of their humble reverence to Almighty God, not only at their
firlt entrance into the Quire, but at their approaches toward the holy
Table 5 according to the laudable cuftom of the Primitive times, re-
tained ftill in the folemnities of the Knights of the Garter at the Adt
in Oxon, in the Chappels of his Majefty, and divers great perfons in
the Realm. HisMajelties inftruclions, the Contents of the two Chap-
ter Adts, and how he had proceeded on them, I find certified under
his hand in two Letters 5 The one, to his good Friend the Biftiop of
Lincoln, bearing date March 3. 1616. The other, unto the Bilhop of
GloceSier (who had (hewed himfelf offended at his proceedings) bear-
ing date on*the twenty feventh of February then next foregoing.
TheBifhop of Glocefter at that time was Dr. Miles Svnth^ once of
Brazen-nofe Colledge, a great Hebrician, and one that took as much
pains as any in the laft Tranflation of the Bible, as a reward for which
he received this Bifhoprick. But then withal he was a man. that (pared
not to (hew himfelf upon all occafionsin favour of the Calvin j an par-
ty 5 and more particularly in countenancing the Lecturers within his
Diocefs againft the lawful Minifter of the Parifh whenever any com-
plaint of their proceedings was made unto him. No foonerhad he
heard what the new Dean had done about the Communion Table, but
he exprefled his diflike of it, and oppofed it with all the power he
had} But finding that he could not prevail according unto his>defires,
heisfaidto have protefted untothe Dean, and fomeofthe Prebends,
that if the Communion Table were removed, or any fuch Innovati-
ons brought into that Cathedral, he would never come more within
thofe Walls 5 which Promife or Proteftation he is (aid by fome to have
made good, and not to have come within that Church to his dying
day : Which if he did forbear upon that occafion, he muft needs (hew
himfelf a man of great pertinacity, and one that feared nottogive a
publick fcandal to the Church, and the Court to boot 5 This tranfpofi-
tion being made in the declining of the year 161 6. his Palace (land-
ing near the walls of that Cathedral, and he not dying till the year
1624. which was eight years after. Seeing.how little he prevailed,
one white his Chaplain takes upon him in a Letter written to the chan-
cellor of that Diocefs, to acquaint him with the ftrange Reports which
were come unto them touching the fituation of the Communion Ta-
ble in the place where the High Altar (rood before, and that low obey-
faqces were made to it, alluring him how much the fecret Papifts
would rejoyce, in hope that that which they long looked for was now
near at hand 5 In which Letter healfo challenged and upbraided the
Prebends, and other Preachers of that City, that they did not offer
either by word or deed to refift the Dean in thofe proceedings 5 ad-
miring that no man fhould have any fpark of Eli as Spirit to fpeak a word
in Cods behalf, that the Preachers (hould fwallow down fuch things
in
Lord zflrchbijhop of Cariterbury.
infilence, and that the Prebends fhould be fo faint-hearted as to ftirink LIB. I.
in the firft wetting, efpecially having the Law on their fide againftit. Anno Vonu
It was not long before this Letter was made a Libel : Either the 1616.
Letter it felf, or a Copy of it, being caft into the Pulpit at St. Michaels V-^V^J
Church, where Prior the Sub-dean ufed to preach 3 to the end that he
and others of the Prebendaries might take notice of it. Found by the
Parilh-CIerk, and by him put into the hands of the Curate, by them
communicated unto others, who took Copies of it, and in fhort time
divulged it over all the City. The City was at that time much pe-
ftered with the Puritan Faction, which was grown multitudinous and
ftrong by reafon of the fmall abode which the Dean and Prebendaries
made amongft them, the dull connivence of their Bilhop, and the re-
mifs Government of their Metropolitan, Co that it feemed both fafe
and eafieto fomeof the Rabble to make an out-cry in all places,that
Popery was coming in 3 that the tranflating of the Communion Table
into an Altar, with the worship and obey fance which were done to it,
were Popifh fuperftitions, and the like. Jones, one of the Aldermen
o *he City, and a Juftice of the Peace withal,caufed fome of the prin-
ci] ! difperfersof this Libellous Letter to be brought before him,com-
m tied fomeof them to prifon, andthreatned tobindthe reftto their
good oehaviour. But fearing left his own power might notbefuffi-
cientto crufti that Fa&ion which had begun to gather ftrength by long
conn1 vence, he advifed that the bufinefs might be referred to the High
Comwijfiosters, is men more able to deal with them. Notice hereof
being given to the new %>ean by fome Letters thence, bearing date
Teb. 2 1 . he addreuecj this Letter abovementioned to the Bifhop of Glo-
cejier: In which he defired fuch Favour and Equity at his hands, as
that his Lordirjip would join to reform fuch Tongues and Pens as knew
not how to fubmit to any Law but their own 3 that of neceffity he was
to acquaint his Gracious Majefty, not only with the thing it felf, but
with the entertainment which it found among Turbulent Spirits 5 and
that he doubted not but that his Majefty would be wellpleafed to hear
how careful his Lord (hip frewed himfelf in preferving the Order and
Peace of the Church. But fearing that the Bilhop, whofe Chaplain
was the folecrmfe of the mifchief, would not be very forward to re-
drefsit, hedifp?t'~hedthe other Letter, abovementioned, to the Bi-
(hop of Lincoln, and in that Letter he defired his Lordlhip (having firft
moved that the High Commiflion would be pleafed to take fome
fpeedy order in it) to let him have his lawful affiftance,to the end that
foiong as he did nothing but what was eftablifhed arid praftifed in the
Church of England, he might not be brought into contempt by turbu-
lent Spirits, at his firft entrance on that place, andfo bedifinabledto
do that good fervice which he owed to the Church ofChrift$ withal
propounding to his Lordlhip, that if it ftood with his good liking,
his Majefty might be acquainted with the firft fuccefsof his endea-
vours for reforming fuch things as he found raoft amils in that
Church, &c.
Whillfc thefe things were thus agitated in the Reformation of the
Church of Glocejler, there were other AttingsintheCourtj touching
K the
61 The Life o/William
P^tvT I- i*? Reformation of fome things in the VnrverJityofOxou. Laud had
' before informed the Bifhop of Lincoln concerning she coarfe ufsge
I 6 i 6. v;hich he had from Dr. ^/>of5 as before was taicL .Which being re-
^v^j prefented to his Majefty, it was withal infinuated to Hm what dar>
gers would proceed by the training up of young Students in the
Grounds of Colt inifm, if fome directions were not ilibed from fas Ma-
jefry for the courfeof their ftudies , thatthere was noreadier way to
advance the Preslyterial Government in this Kingdom than by differing
young Scholars to be fealbned with Cj Ivinian Doorinesy that it was
very hard to fay, whether of the two, either the Puritan, orthePa-
pift were more deftrucrive of Monarchical Government ; and finally,
that for want of fubfcription to the three Articles contained in the 36;
Canon, not only Lecturers, but divers other Preachers, in and about
thellnivertitv, politively maintained fuch points of Doctrine, as were
not maintained or allowed by theChurch of England. Which mat-
ter his Majefty having taken into coniideration. by the advice of fuch
Bilhopsand others of the Clergy, as were then about him, upon the
eighteenth of jjvuary hedifpatch't thefe Directions following to the
Vice-Chancellor, the Heads of Col ledges and Halls, the two Profef-
fors, andthetvro Proctors of the Univerluy, to be carefully and fpee-
dilyput in execution.
JAMES REX.
1 . That it foci his Sfaiefties pleafnre that he Konld have all that iahg any
decree in SchcJsJofvbfcribe to the three Articles in the 36th Canon.
2. That no F zarher be allowed to Preach in the Toxcn. hnt fuch as are eve*
ry z?ay Cis:fe> viable both by fubfeription and every other tc ey.
5. That uH Students dc rejbrt to the Sermons in St. Maries, and bere-
jiraar.ed front going to any other Church in the time of St. Maries Ser-
mons'- andtiat provision he made that the Sermons in St. Maries be
dili?ently made andperformed, both before noon and after noon.
4. That the ordinary Divinity AtJ b&conftxntly J^cpt rrith thr;? Repli-
cants.
5. Teat there be a greater Rejhaint of Scholars haunting Tcnrn-houfes,
ef:ti ially in the night.
6. That all schollars, both at the Cbappels, and at the Schools, %cep their
Scholaftical Habits.
7. That young Students in Divinity bedsYecled to Rudy fuch books is bz
mofi agreeable in DocJriue and Difcipline to the Church p/England^
andimcitedtobejlovp their times in the Fathirs, and Councils, School-
men, HifUries^ and Contr&LerQes, and not to inbfi too long upon
Compendium s and Abbreziatures. making them the Grounds of their
fiitdy in Divinity.
8. That no man. either in Pulpit or Schools, be fn #ered to m abstain Dog-
matically any feint of D*3rine that is not allowed by the Church of
England.
9. That A {r. Vice-Cbmc ellcr, and theim> Prvfefjors, or rrco of the Heads
of Houfcs, do at fuch time as his M*)?fly rejbrt s into tbofe parts 9ait
upen
Lord \ArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 6y
upon his Mijcjiy, an A give his Majejty a jujt account how thefe his LIB. I.
Majejiies Injiruttions a*eobferved. Anno Vom*
IO. Let no nun pre fume, of what condition or degree foever, not to yield I 6 I 6.
his obedience to thefe his Aiajefiies Dire&ions* left he incur fuch cen~K^mV***
fares as the Statutes of this Vniverfity may jujlly inflitf upon fuch
tranjgrejfbrs.
This wasthefirft ftep toward the fuppfeffirig of that Reputation
which Calvin and his Writings had attained unto in that Univerfity;
and a good ftep it might have been, it Dr. Goodwin, Dean of chrijl-
Church, who was then Vice-Chancellor, had not been Father-in-law
to Frideaux, or rather if Frideaux himfelf had approved the Articles,
or that Dr. Benfieldof Corpus Chrifli, the other Profeflbrfof Divinity,
a grave but fedentary man, had been active in it. But howfoever be-
ing publifbed, though it went no farther it gave fiich a general -Alarm
to the Puritan Fa&ion, that the terrour of it could not be forgotten in
20 years after: Certain I am, that in the year 1636. it was charged by
H. Burton of Friday- fireet for an Innovation, one of the many Innova-
tions introduced by Land, and others of the Vrclatical party, to fub-
vert Religion. But leaving them to the folly of their own arlright-
ments, let us look back unto the King, who being confident that he
had left the Univerfity in a ready way for comingto anVnity'm mat-
ters of Doftrine, prepared for his Journey into Scotland, with a like
confidence of effecting an Vmformity'xn Forms of Worfhip: A matter
of confequence and weight, and therefore to be managed by ableMi-
nifters, fuch as knew how to wiride and turn the Presbyterians of that
Kingdom,if matters lhould proceed to a Difputation. The known
Abilities of Laud mark'd him out for one} which though it were like
to bring a great Charge upon him, yet he preferred the Reputation
before the Charge, andchearfully embrac dthe Service. Nor was it
more welcom unto him, than grateful to theBifhopof Lincoln, allured
thereby not only of a trufty Friend^ but of a fociable Companion,
for that tedious Journey. His Majefty having filled up the Lift of his
Attendants, on the 14th. day of March began his Journey, accompa-
nied by the Qaeen and Prince as far as Theobalds, and from thence went
forward with his Train before appointed. By the way he called in at
the City of Lincoln, where it is not to be doubted but that the Birtiop
gave him as magnificent an Entertainment as the Place and Country
would afford : And from this place it was that he dated his Inirructi-
ons of the 14th. of April, to the Lord JohnDigby^ then going Embafta-
dor into Spain, to Treat upon and Conclude a Marriage between
Prince Charles, and thelnfanta Maria the Second Daughter of that
King 5 one of which Articles was to this efTed, That the Ffpoufals being
made in Spam according to the Order of the Council of Trent, the Marri-
age fiould be folemnizedin England, where there Jlwnld be fuch a Solem-
nization as by the Laws of this Realm Jfiould make the Marriage valid, and
take away all fcruple touching the Legitimation of the Ijjue. Which tem-
perament feems tome to have very much in it of Laud's hand and
fpirit. \
K 2 m
66 The Life o/William
PART E In the beginning of 1617. his Majefty was come as far as Ber-
Amo Vom. wic\, and from thence vil king the Weft parts of Scotland, came at laft
161 fj\ to Edenburgh, where he foon found that he might have faved himfelf
k^M>m^SJ a great part of his care, and taken fuchofhis Chaplains with him as
came next to hand } the Presbyterian Scots not being to be gained by
Reafon, as he had (uppofed: For he was fcarce fetled in that City,
when the Presbyters conceiving that his coming was upon defign to
work an Uniformity between the Churches of both Kingdoms, fet up
one Struthers to preach againft it, who laid fo lnftily about him in the
chief Church ot Edenburgh, that he not only condemned the Rites and
Ceremonies of the Church of England, but prayed God to fave Scot-
land from the fame. Laud, and the reft of the Chaolains who had
HijI.Scotl. heard the Sermon, acquainted his Majefty with thole paflagess
l-i'bSi1' tnere was no remedy: TheScots were Scots, and refolved to
go their own way whatsoever came of it. For though the Arch-
bifhop of Saint Andrews had forewarned them, that they fhould not
irritate his Majefty, whom they fhould find a gracious Prince, and
one that would hear Reafon, and give way unto it 5 yet this pre-
vailed nothing with them 5 they were refolved neither to give Reafon
to4iim, nor take any from him,but only to gain them by delays and ar-
tifices ; For they knew well, that his Majefty had no refolution to
ftay long amongft them, and that when he was gone they might do
what they lifted : And therefore when his Majefty, in a Speech made
Idem p $34 to •t^iern at Andrews, had told them, That it was a Power belonging to
all Chriftian Princes to order matters in the Church and that he wuld ne-
ver regard what they approved or difipproved, except they brought him a.
Reafon which he could not anfwsr 5 all that they did was to require a
little time of Confultation, which being granted, they returned with
this Refolution, That if his Alajejiy would grant them a free Ajjernbly,
they would therein fitisfie his Majefty in all the Points he had propounded.
Vatrick^G allow ay, one of the chiefeft amongft them, palling his word
forthe performance. But when the King was gone, and the day of
the Aflembly come, thofe promifes vanifhed intofmoak} fo that the
King gained nothing by that chargeable Journey, but tbenegleft of
his Commands, and a contempt of his Authority. His Majefty there-
fore took? better courfe, than to put the point to Argument and Dif-
putation 3 which was to beat them by the Belly,and to withdraw thofe
Augmentations which he had formerly allowed them out of his Ex-
chequer : Which Pill fo wrought upon this indigent and obftinate
People, that the next year, in an Aflembly held at Perth, they pafs'd
an Act for admitting the five Articles for which his Majefty had been
courting, them for two years together.
But whatfoever the King loft by the Journey, I am fare the Bifhop
of Lincoln got well by it: For James the Bifhop of Durham dying
during the Kings abode in Scotland, his Majefty beftowed upon him
that wealthy Biihopi ick; one of the wealthieft in Revenues, butab-
folutely the greateft in Power and Priviledges. Into this Bifhoprick
being canonical ly confirmed on the ninth of Ottober, he prefently fet
himfelf on work to repair the Palaces and Houfes belonging to ir,
whica
Lord (zArchbifkopof Canterbury. 67
which he had found in great decay '•> but he fo adorned and beautified L i B. [.
them i n a very fhort fpace, that they that (aw them could not think that Anno Vom.
they were the fame. Three thoufand pounds he is affirmed by Bifhop i 6 i 7.
Godwin to have disburfed only upon this account, having laid out be- <-^i!*v,^
fore no lefs than a thoufand Marks on the Epifcopal FJoufes of the Sec Coj„i„, Ca.
of Lincoln , befides a good round Sum on the Houfeof Bromley, the ul. Epifc.
Habitation and Retreat of the Bifhops of Rochefter. But that which
gave him moft content was his Palace of Durham-houfe in the Strand,
not only becaufe it afforded him convenient Room for his own Reti-
nue, butbecaufeit was large enough to allow fufficient Quarters for
Buckridge Bi/hopof Rochester, and Laud Dean of Glocefter, which he
enjoyed when he was Bifhop of St. David's.aKo 5 fome other Quar-
ters were referved for his old fervant Dr. Linfell, and others for fuch
Learned mea of his Acquaintance as came from time to time to attend
upon him 5 infomuch as it paffed commonly by the name of Durham
Colledge. A man of fuch a Orange compofition, that whether he were
of a larger and more publick Soul, or of a more uncourtly Conver-
fation, it were hard to fay.
But to return again to Laud: Finding his Majefty refblved to pais
thorow LancaJJjire, and other Counties of the North-weft of England,
in his way to London, he obtained leave to go directly unto Oxon. and
on the fjcond of Auguft was inducted into the Rectory of ibftoch^ in the
County of Leicester a Rectory belonging to the Patronage of the
Bifhop of Rochefter, of wham he had it in exchange for his Kentifl)
Benefices. At his return unto the Colledge, he was joyfully welcom-
ed by his Friends., and chearfully received after fo long an abfence
by the greateft part of that Society: But that which feemed moft a-
greeable to h oi at his coming home, was the good News he heard
from Glocejler, how all things had been quieted there, and that there
was no fear or danger of any further opposition to be made againft
him 5 for the Rabble being terrified by the fevere proceedings of Al-
derman Jones j and more affrighted at thenoife of being brought into
the Court of High-Commijjion, began to grow more fenfible of the
error which they had committed, the fury of their fir ft heats being a-
bated, and R.ea(bn beginning by degrees ("as it is ordinary in fuch
cafes) to take place of Paffion. Nothing elfe memorable in this year,
as in relation to his Story, but fome misfortunes which befel the Arch-
bifhop, his perpetual enemy -5 the greateft whereof (though perhaps
not took moft to heart) was the death of his Brother the Bifhop of
Salisbury, which produced great fbrrow to his Friends, the rather in
regard of the manner and occafion of it : For after his advancement
to the See of Sarum, being then near fixty years of Age, he married
the|Widow of one Do&or Cheynel a Phyfician, who had been one
of his Contemporaries in Baliol Colledge 5 the news whereof being
prefented (with fome circumftanc.es to his difadvantagej to his Bro-
ther the Archbifhop of Canterbury, he received from him fuch a (harp
and bitter Letter, fo full of Reproaches and Revilings, that not being
able to bear the burthen of fo great an infolency, he prefently took
thought upon it, and as prefently died, leaving this life on the fecond
of Mzrch, the year almoft expiring with him. The
7°
The Life o/William
PART I, The Archbifhop had been off the hooks ever fince the affront (as he
Anno Vom. conceivedjwas put upon him in burning his Chaplain Doctor Mockeit'*
i 6 I 7* Book, entituled, De Politia Ecclefi£ Anglican^, which had given' no,
Lx^"V~^>J frnall Reputation to the Church of England beyond the Seas 5 for
which feverity though many juftReafons were allcdged, yet it was
generally conceived, that as the Book fared the worfe for the Authors
fake, fothe Author did not fpeed the better for his Patron the Arch-
bilhops fake , betwixt whom , and Doctor James Montague then
Bifliop of Winchefier, there had been fbme differences, which the reft
of the Court Bifhops were apt enough to make fome ufeof to his dis-
advantage.
But having thus fallen upon the burning of this Book, I (hall (peak
fomethingof it hete, becaufeof fome particulars in it which may con-
duce unto our Story in the times fucceeding. This Dr. Mockett be-
ing Chaplain to Archbifhop Abbots and Warden of All-Souls Col-
ledge in Oxon. had publifh'd in the Latin Tongue the Liturgy of the
- Church of England, the Publick Catechifms, the 39 Articles, the
Book of Ordination of Bifhops, Priefts, and Deacons, and many Do-
ctrinal Points extracted out of the Book of Homilies ^ together with
Bifhop Jewel's Apclogy, Mr. Noel's Catechifm, and his own Book De
Politia, &c. A Collection which the good man publifhed in a pious
zeal, for gaining Honour to this Ohurch amongft Foreign Nations:
But then this Zeal of his was accompanied with fo little Knowledge
in the Conft:tut:on of this Church, or fo much biaffed toward thole
of Calvin's Plat-form, chat it was thought fit not only to call it in, but
to expiate the Errors of tt in a Publick Flame : For firft, his Extracts
out of the Book of Homilies were conceived to be rather framed ac-
cording to his own Judgment, which enclin'd him toward the Calvi-
nian Doctrines, as his Patron did 5 than fquared according to the
Rules and Dictates of the Church otEngland: And podible enough it
is, that fome juft offence might be taken at him, for making the Faft-
ing-days appointed in the Liturgie of the Church of England, to be
commanded and obferv'd ob Politicas folum Rationesfor politick con-
(iderations only, as infiuuated p. 308. whereas thofe Fafting-days
were appointed in the firft Liturgie of King Edward vj. Anno 1549.
(with reference only to the Primitive Inftitution of thofe feveral Fafrs)
when no fuch Politic^ Confiderations were fo much as thought on-
But that which I conceive to have been the true caufe why the Book
was burned, was, that in publifbing the 20th. Article, concerning the
Authority of the Church, he totally left out the firltClaufeof it, viz,.
Habet Ecctefia Ritus five Ccremonias^ Jiatttendi jus'-> & in controverfiis
Fidei Authoritatcm : By means whereof, the Article was apparently
falfified, the Churches Authority difavowed, andconfequently a wide
gap opened to difpute her Power in all her Canons and Determinati-
ons of what fort foever. I note this here, becaufe of the Relation
which it hath to fome following paffages in the year 1637. when we
(hall find LWcharged by thofe of the Puritan Fattion, for adding this
omitted Claufe to the reft of that Article.
1 6 1 8. fn tnc next ycar g. j we finci not a iittie ^onc at home, but
much
Lord %A rchbijhof of Canterbury. vi
much more abroad 5 the Puritan Faction being difcoi ntenanced heie, L f R /
and the Cahiniffs encouraged there. The Sabbatarian Doctrines ^mo pflJJ#
by the diligence of Archbiihop Whitgift, and the feverity of Juftice 1 6 1 8*
Popham, h;.dbeen cruih'd at their fir A: fhrtingout, and afterwar.ds <-^"V^j
not daring to implore the Countenance of Authority, they got foot-
nig* again in divers places by the cunning of the Puritan Faction* the
ignorant confidence of Tome of their Lecturers, and the mifguided zeal
of fome publick Miniftersof Juftice : And they prevailed fofar at laft,
that the Annual Feftivals being turned into days of Labour, and the
Lords day wholly taken up in Religious Duties, there was no time
left for lawful Recreations amongft the People : Which being made
known unto King James ashe paffedthorow Lancaflnre thelaft Sum-
mer, he gave fome prefent Order in it, for the eafe and comfort of
his good Subjects in that County 5 and that it might not ferve only for
the prefent, but the times to come, he publilhed his Royal Declara-
tion to the fame effect, bearing date at Greenwich May 24. of this pre-
fent year: In which Declaration there are three things to be obferved s
viz,, the Motives, the Liberties, and the Rejlrictions. Firft, for the
Motives which induced that King to this Declaration, they were
chiefly four. 1. The general Complaints of all forts of People, as
he pailed thorow Lancaflnre, of the Reftraint of thofe innocent and
lawful Paifrmes on that day, which by the Rigors of fome Preachers
andMi hirers of juftice, had been laid upon them. 2. The hindrance
of the Co.-verfion of many Papijls, who by this means were made to
think, that xheTrbteffant Religion was inconfiftent with all harmlefs
and mo J ^ft Recreations. 3. That by debarring them from all man-
like Extrcifes on thofe days, on which only they were freed from
their daily Labours, they were made unacrive, unable, and unfit for
Warriors, if either himfelf or any of his Succeffors Obould have fuch
occafion to employ them/-' 4. That men being hindred from thefeo-
pen Paftimes, betook themfelvesto Tipling-houfes, and there abufed
themfelves with Drunkennefs, and cenfuredin their Cups hisMaje-
fties Proceedings both in Church and State. Next for the Liberties
which were indulged upon that day,his Majefty declares his Pleafure,
That after Divine Service being ended, his good People mould not
be difcouraged or letted from any lawful Recreations, fuch as Dancing
either Men or Women, Archery for Men, Leaping, Vaulting, or any
other fuch harmlefs Recreations, nor from having of May-games,
Whitfun-Ales, and Morris-dances, and the fetting up of May-poles and
other fports therewith ufed 3 and that Women fhall have leave to carry
Rufhesto the Church, for the decoring of it5 according to»their old
Cuftom, with this Provifo notwithstanding, That under the general
term of Lawful Recreations, he intended neither Bear-baiting nor Bull-
baiting, Interludes, nor (at all times in the meaner fort of People pro-
hibited^) Bowling. And laft of all, for the Reftri&ions, they were
thefe that follow. 1. Thatthefe Paftimes fhould be no impediment
or lett to the publick Duties of that day. 2. That no Recuiant mould
~be capable of the benefit of them. 5. Nor fuch as were not diligently
prefent at the time of all Divine Offices, which the day required.
The Life o/William
PART I. And, 4. That the benefit thereof Ihould redound to none butfuch as
Anno Vam- kept themfelvesin their own Parifhes. Such was the fubftance of his
1- 617. Majefties Declaration about Lawful Sporty which raifcd great cla-
U?V^J mour at the prefent, but greater when revived in the Reign of King
Charles (at what time we {hall find Laud charged for the Re-publifhing
of itj fo much the greater, by how much the more the Sabbatarian
Do&rineshzd prevailed amongftus.
This being done for the difcountenancing of the Caliaman Faction
here at home, we muft next fee what was done abroad on the fame
account} that which was done abroad in relation to it, being of great
concernment to this Church, and therefore neceffary to be known in
reference to the perfon of whom I write. The Bifhops and conform-
able Clergy of Scotland had, pafs'd two Acts in the Affembly held at
Hijl of Scot. Aberdeen, Anno 161 6.the one, for making one Uniform Order or Form
fol. 530. of Worfhip, to be prepared by fome Bifhops, and other Learned men
amongft them, by them to be prefented to the King, and being by
the King approved, to be by him commended to the ufe of that Kirk :
The other for confultirig the Regiftry of their former Afjemblies^nd
extracting out ot th£m h ch Canons, as being ratified by the ftamp of
Royal Authority, might pafs for current in the fame. To (peed this
buunefs, and ltrike tl elron whilft it was hot, his Majefty made that
chargeable jo: rh< into Scotland, which before we fpakeof, with an
intenttoprefsin-ni perfonally to the receiving of fome few of the Fngr
l/J?) Ceremonies, which had been offered to the confederation of the
late Aifembly, the better to advance his hopes of introducing by de-
grees the 1 ttyrgy of the Church of England: Which Ceremonies
being-reduced ro five Articles, and propounded to them at his being
there, found iv.zh fuccefs, and put the King upon fuch. Councels
as have been formc/Jy declared. But what he could not compafs in
in the year foregoing, he obtained in thisj thofe Articles being palled
an Alfembly held at Terth m the Month of Augufi, and are the(e that
follow*
1. That for the more reverent Receiving of the Holy Communion, the fame
Jhould be celebrated to the People thereafter Reeling, and not fittings
as had been the cufiom (ince the Reformation of Religion.
2. If anygoodchrijiian vifited with fickpefs which was taken to be dead-
ly, Jhould deftre to receive the Communion at home in his houfe,. the
fame fhould not be denied to him, lawful warning being given to the
i v Miniver the night before, and three or four of good Religion and
Cornier fation being prefent to Communicate with him.
3. That in cafe of necejjity tried and kiiown to the Afinifler, it fhonld be
lawful to Adminijler Eaptifm in private Houfes, the fame being al-
ways Minifired after the form in which it flwuld have been in the
Congregation; A public^ Declaration of it to be made the next Sun-
day after.
4. That the days of the Birth, Tajfion, Refurre&ion, and Afcenfion of onr
Saviour chrifl,andof the coming down of the Holy Ghofi, in regard
of thofe ineftimable Benefits which the Church of Cod had received on
them,
Lord ' lArcbbiJbop of Canterbury. y$
then* fouldbe publicity Solemnized in the Congregation ; the Mi- LI B. I.
nijlers making choice of fit Texts of Scripture agreeable to the occa-'Anno Vonu
Cions, for their fever al Sermons. I 6 I 3.
5 . That the Minijler in every Parijh, having Catechized all Children above
eight years of age, according to the Jhort Catechifm ufed in the
Church, and taught them to repeat by heart the Lords Prayer, the Creeds
and the Ten Commandments, Jhouldprefent them to their Bijhops in
their Vi fit at ions, by them to be blejjed with prayers for the increafe of
Grace, and continuance of Gods Heavenly Gifts upon them.
And this indeed was a great ftep to the work of Uniformity fo
much defired 3 which had it been purfued as vigoroufly by the Bifhops
o& Scotland, as by the King it had been pioufly begun, the Service
which was fentinto that Kirk almoft twenty years after, had been bet-
ter welcom'd by the Scots, and drawn lefs danger upon Laud ( who
was then Archbifhop) for his pious Actings in the fame.
But on the other fide, the condemning of the five Arminian Articles
(as they commonly called them) at the Synod of Dor t, was altogether
as much unpleafing as the others had been grateful to him} for well he
Faw the preat dangers which might thence enfue to the Church of Eng-
land^ whofe Doctrines were openly confronted, and her Difcipline fc-
cretly undermined,by the Decifions and Determinations of that syno-
dical AfTembly : In which regard, it will not be unneceffary to make
a brief Relation of thofe ftirs and differences which hapned in the Bel-
gick^ Churches, from the time that Doctor Jacob van Harmine was
made one of the Divinity ProfefTorsintheUniverfity of Ley den, con-
cerning which we are firfl: to know. That at the Alteration of Reli-
gion in thofe Provinces, the French (who were mbft active in it)
brought with them Calvin 's Platform, both for Doctrine and Difci-
p'ine (as commonly the one makes way to bring in the other) accor-
ding unto which the Belgick^ Confeffion was drawn up in the year 1567.
Which notwithstanding, fuch of their Minifters as better liked the
Afelan&honian Doctrines in the points of Predeftination, Grace, Free-
will, &c. than they did the other, fpared not to publifh their Opinions
as they faw becafion, as well before as after the eftablifhing of thefaid
Confeffion, and did it without check or cenfare: Amongft which we
may firlt reckon Anaflatius Veluanus,\n a Book of his entituled, odegus
Laicomm or the Lay-mans Guide, published in the year 1554. and
much commended by Henricus Antonides the Divinity Reader in the
Univerhcyof Franeker^ after whom followed, in the fame Opinions,
Johannes Isbrandi, who openly profefs'd himfelf an Anti-Calvinianj
Clemens Martini, who took his Principles from Hardinbergius, one of
the firft Reformers of the Church of Embden? Gellius Sueranus in IVeJi-
Fric/land, who looked upon thofe of the other Perfwafionas Innova-
tors in that Church 5 Holmanns the Divinity Reader in Leyden'-, Cor-
nelius Menardi* a man of good efteem amongft them 5 and generally
all the Minifters fucceffively in the Province of Vtrecht, fome of
which had maintained thefe Doctrines before the birth of Jacob van
Harmine (better known in thefe later times by the name of Arminius )
L and
jq, The Life o/William
PART I. and all of them before fuch time as any publick notice had been taken
Am? Vom. of him •-, by which it feems, that thefe Doctrines were of a long ftand-
i.6i 8. ings and had took deep rooting in thefe Churches, though they had
t^V^W not gained fuch a large and general fpreading over them as they after
did.
For in the year 1^03. the Learned Junius, one of the ProfefYors for
Divinity in the Univerfity of Leyden, being then deceafed, the Cura-
tory or Overfeers of that Univerfity made choice of this Van Harmine,
the Paftor, (as they phrafeit ) of the Church of Antjlerdam, to fucceed
in his place : But the Inhabitants of that Town, amongft whom he had
ferved in the Miniftry for the (pace of 15 years and more, were fo
affected to the man, that they would by no means yield unto his de-
parture, till over-ruled by the intreaties of fome, and the power of
others : A matter very unpleafing to the Rigid Calvinians informing
againft him to the State for feverul Heterodoxies repugnant to the re-
ceived Doctrine of thofe Churches. Arminius for fix years before,
had by exchange of Letters betwixt him and Junius, maintained the
Melancthonian Doctrines in thofe points of Controverfie before re-
membred 5 which Papers being difperfed abroad in feveral Copies
(but not published till after his death, and then published by the name
of AwicaCollatio, C^c") gave the Calvinians fome fair colour for their
information : But the bufinefs being heard at the Hague, he was acquit-
ted by his Judges, difpatch d fox Ley den, and there confirmed in his
places towards which, the Teftimonial Letters, fent from the Church
of Amsterdam, did not help a little 5 in which Letters he ftands com-
mended for a man of unblamable life, (£) found. Doctrine, and fair
(b)Obvit*in- behaviour, as may be feen at large in the Oration which was made at
3rin<« & his Funeral, in the Divinity Schools of Ley den, on the 22. of October,
morum fm- Anno 1609. During his fitting in that Chair, he drew unto him a great
mamtnttfft- part Gf that Univerfity, who by the Piety of the man, his powerful
Arguments, his extreme diligence in the place, and the clear light of
Reafon, which appeared in all his Difcourfes, were fo wedded unto
his Opinions, that no time nor trouble could divorce them : For Artni-
nius ayingin they ear 1609. as before wasfaid, the heats betwixt his
Scholars, and thofe of the contrary perfwafion, were rather incresfcu
than abated 9 the more increafed, for want of fuch 3 prudent Modera-
tor as had before faved and preferved thefe Churches from a publick
Rupture.
The breach between them growing wider, each fide thought fit to
feekth^ Countenance of the State, and they did accordingly -> For in
the year 1610. the Followers of Ar mini us addrefs their Remonfirance
(containing the Antiquity of their Doctrines, and the fubftance of
themjto the States of Holland^ which was encountrcd prefently by a
Contra-RemonJirance,exh\bitedby thofe of Calvins Party. From hence
the name of Rcmonjlrants,and Contra-Rev/onfirants, fo frequent in their
Books and Writings } till the Remonfirants were condemned in the
Synodof Dort, and either forced to yield the caufeorquit their Coun-
try } each Party in the mean time had the opportunity to difperfe their
Doctrines, in which the Remonjirants gained exceedingly upon their
Adver-
Lord nrfrchbijhop of Canterbury. ^5
Adverfanes. For the whole Controverrie being reduced to thefe L IB I
five Points, viz. the Method of Tredesiination, the Efficacy of Chrifts AnnoVor*
death, the operations of Gr ace, both before and after mans Converfi- i 6 r g*
on, and Perfeverance in the fame; the Parties were admitted to a L^V^j
publick Conference at the Hague in the year 1 6 1 1 . in which the Remon-
fir ants were conceived to have had much the better of the day. But
thefe Tcngue-combates did produce a further mifchief then was Cuf-
pecced at the firft ; for the Calvinians hoping to regain by Power what
they loft by Argument, pntthemfelves under the Protection of Mau-
rice van Najfau, Prince of Orange, Commander General of the Forces
of the United Provinces, both by Sea and Land. The Remonjirants
on the other fide applyed themfelves unto John Olden Barnevelt, a
principal Councilor of State, and of great Authority in his Country ;
Who fearing the Greatnefs of the Prince,and having (or thinking that
he had) fome caufe to doubt that he aimed at an abfolute Soveraignty
over thofe Eftates, didchearfully entertain the offer, in hope to form
fuch a Party by them, as, with the help of fome other good Patriots,
might make a fufficient Counter-ballance againft that defign. But
Barnevefts projects being difcovered, he was firft fcized on by the
prince, together with Grotitis Leidenburgius. and others of his chief
Adherents; and that being done, he (hewed himfelf with his Forces
before fuch Towns and Cities as had declared in favour of them; re-
ducing them under his Commandj changing their Maglftrates, and
putting new Garnfons into them. Next followed the Arraignment
and death of Barnevelt, contrary to the Fundamental Laws both of his
native Country, and the common Union ; whofe death occafioned a
general dejedlion (as well it might) amongft thofe of the RcmonflrarA
Party % and their dejection animated the Calvinians to refer their dif-
ferences to a National Council, which thereupon was intimated to be
held at Dort, one of the principal Towns of Holland.
This Council being thus refolved on, their next care was to invite
to their atliftance fome Divines out of all the Churches of Calvins Plat-
form, and none elfe ; which did fufficiently declare,thatthey intended
to be both Parties and Judges, as in fine it proved : For unto this Con-
vention aflembltd the molt Rigid Calvinijls, not only of the United
Provinces, but alfo of all the Churches of High Germany, and amongft
the Svciiz, and from the City of Geneva whom it moft concerned. From
Francecame none, becaufe the Ring, upon good Pveafon of State, had
commanded the contrary ; and the Scots much complained that thev
werenotfuiferedby King James to fend their Commifiioners thith:-
with the reft of the Churches : For though Ring James had nominated
Balcanquel to that imployment in the name of the Kirl^,yQt that could
give them no contentment. From England, the Ring fentDr. George
CarletonKifhop of Landaff, Dr. Jof. Hall Dean of Worceflcr, Dr. John
Davenant Matter of Queens Colledge and Lady Margarets VrofeJJor \n
Cambridge, and Dr. Sam. JVardMader of Sydney Colledge in the fame
Univerfity. A nd this he did, that by the couutenance of his power,
and by the pretence of his Divines, he might fupport the Party of the
Prince of Orange, andfupprefs his Adverfaries. On the third of No-
L 2 vernier
«•
7 6
PAS.T 1. vember they began the Synod : But things were carried there with
Anno Vom. fuch inequality, that fuch of the Rcmonjirants as were like to be elect-
i 6 i 9- ed} by their feveral Clafles, were cited, and commanded to appear
v^^V^ as Qriminds only, and being come, could not be differed to proceed to
a Difputation, ualefs they would fubfcribe to fuch conditions as they
conceived to bedeftrufrive to their Caufe, and their Confcience too :
Which being refufed, they were expelled the houfe by Eog'trman (who
fate Prefident there) in a moft fierce and bitter Oration, condemned
without anfwering for themfelves^ and finally, for not fubfcribingto
their own condemnation, compelled toforfake their native Country,
with their Wives and Children, and to beg their bread even indefo-
late places. What influence thofe quarrels had rfrrfongft our felves,
and what effects that Synod did produce in the Church of England we
fhall fee h fter, when the fame Points come to be agitated and de-
bated on this fide of the Seas.
HisMajefty, having thus made himfelf the ?4after of his Defigns,
both at home and abroad, and being recovered from a dangerous fick-
nefs which had fallen upon \i\m.'dxNeiv Alirket, in the year 1619. re-
folved on fuch a work of Magnificent Piety, as might prefer ve his
name and memory to fuc^eeding Ages: To which end upon Midleni
Sunday, Anno 1620. accompanied by the Prince, attended by the
Marquefs of ' EucJyngham, the Bifhops, Lords, and moft of the princi-
pal Gentlemen about the Court, he intended to vifit St. raids. From
Temple -bar he was conducted in moft folemn manner by the Lord
Mavor and Aldermen of London : and at his entrance into the Church,
received under a Cmapy by the Dean and Canons,CLttired in rich Copes^
and other Ecelefiaftical Habits} Being by them brought into the
Quire, he heard with very great reverence and devotion the Divine
Service of :bed if moft folemnly performed with Organs^ Cornets, and
Sagbuts,zcc>y. 'oaniedand intermingled with fuch excellent voices that
feemed rather to enchant than chant. The Divine Service being
done, he went unto a p' ceprepared,where he heard the Sermon at the
Crojj, preached by th eloquent and religious Prelate, Dr. John King,
Lord B fhop of London. The Sermon being ended, the Collation be-
gan. His Ma jefry attended with all the Lords, and the reft of his
Train, being entertained by thefaid LordBifhopata fumptuous Ban-
quet, with no lefs honour to himfelf than content to his Ma jefty . But
there was more intended by this Vifit than Pomp and Oftentation on-
ly. For his Majefty having taken a view of the ruinous Eftate in which
he beheld that goodly Fabrick, iffued not long after a Commijjicn for
repair thereof} and fomewhatwas done in it both by BifhopfCw/g and
Bifhop Mountain : But the carryingon of this work was rekrved to a-
nother man ; For a breach following not long after between Spain
and England^, and wars foon following on that breach, aftop was made
to all proceedings in that work till ^the year 169 1. At what time
Laud) being Bilhop of London, obtained a like Commiffion from
thehfndb-of King CHARLES, and fet his heart Co much upon it,
that in few years he had made a mighty Progrcfs in it, of which more
hereafter.
And
Lord^ArcbbiJhop of Canterbury, jy
id here it was once feared, that thisprefent Hiftory might haveLIB. I.
. led without going further 5 for on- the fecond of April, as hepaft Anno ~Dom.
rroai London towards Oxon, he took up his Inn at lVicl{ham upon the 1620.
Rode 5 where he fell fuddenly dead, and was not without much diffi- ^-^V^i
cultv, and Gods fpecial favour, reftored unto his former being. But
God referred him to a life more eminent,and a death more glorious,
not turferinghimto dye ob(cureIy, like a traveller, in a private Inn,
but more confpicuoufiy, like a Martyr, 'on the publick Theatre? for
on the 22. of January he wasinftalled Prebend in the Church of Wefi-
minjier, after no lefsthan ten years expectation of it 5 And on the laft
of the fame month he fate as Dean of Glocejler in the Con vocation. The
Prince Elector Palatine, who married the Kings only Daughter in the
year 1 61 2. hadthelafl: year mofr. inconfiderately took upon him the
Crown of Bohemia'-) not taking with him the Kings Counfel in it as
he might have done, but giving him an account of it on the Pott-Fact
only. The Emperour exafperated withthis Ufurpation (as by him
reputed) gave up hisCountry for aprey, afiigningthe Electoral Dig-
nity with the upper Palatinate to the Duke of Bavaria, and the lower
to the King of syain,who had pofTeftthemfelves of divers good Towns
anc! pieces in it.
For the recovery whereof, andtheprefervation of therefr,in which
his Daughter and her Children were fo much concerned 5 it pleafed
his M.yjefcy to call a Parliament, to begin on the thirtieth day of Ja-
nuary, accompanied with a Convocation (as the cuftom is) on the
morrow after. The buiinefsof their Convening being fignified unto
them by the King, the Parliament at their fir:Ct fitting, which ended
March 27. bellowed upon his Majefty two Subsidies, but they gave no
more 5 which rather ferved to flay his ftomach than allay his hunger.
They had fome turns toferveupon him before they would part with
any more money, if they did it then. But the Clergy dealt more free-
ly with him in their Convocation, becaufe they had no other ends in
it than the expreffing of their duty and good affections, f n teftimony
whereof they gave him three entire Subfidies of four (hillings in the
pound at their htft fitting 5 and would not have been wanting to his
Majefty in a further addition, in the fecond or third, if his Majefty had
required it of them. Incouraged with which fupplies, and the hopes
of greater, hefent fome Regiments of old Souldiers for the de-
fence and prefervation of the Lower Palatinate, under the command of
that Noble Souldier, Sir Horatio Vere.
When the Commons beftowed upon him the laid two Subsidies, he
took them only as a bit to ftay his ftomach, as before was faid, giving
himfelf fome hopes that at the nextSeffion they would entertain him
with a better, and more cofcly dinner 5 but then they meant that he
fhould pay the reckoning for it. For at their re-aifembling on the 1 7.
of 'April, inftead of granting him the fupplies he looked for,t hey fell to
pick quarrels with his Servants,andone of his chief Miniftersof State,
not only queftioningSir Giles MompeJJbn, and Sir Francis Michael, but
even the Lord chancellor Bacon alfo. Thefemen (fuppofing them to
have been as criminal as their enemies made them) were notwith-
ftanding
7«
The Life o/William
part I.
Anno Dom*
1620.
ftauding fuch as acted under his Commiilions, and therefore not to
have been punifhed by his own Authority only. The giving of them
overtothe power of the Parliament, not only weakned his own Pre-
rogative, but put thcHoufe of Commons upon fuch a Pin, that they
would let no Parliament pals ("for the times to come) without fome
fuch Sacrifice. And fo fell Bacon; Lord chancellor of England, Lord
rer»/««*5 and Vifcountof St. Albans 5 a man of good and badquaiities,
equally compounded, one of a moft ftrong brain, and a Chymical
head 5 defigning his endeavours to the perfecting of the Works of Na-
ture, or rather improving Nature to the beft advantages of life, and
the common benefit of mankind. Pity it was he was not entertained
with fome liberal Salary, abftracted from all affairs both of Court and
Judicature, andfurnifhed with fufficiencyboth of means, and helps for
thegoing on in his defign, which had it been, he might have given us
fuch a body of Natural Philofophy, and made it fo fubfervient to the
publickgood, that neither Arijiotle nor Theophrafius amongft the An-
cients, nor Paracelfits, or the reft of our later Chymifts would have
been considerable. Jn thefe Agitations held the Parliament till the
fourth of June^ without doing any thing in order to his Ma jefties Ser-
vice, who thereupon adjourned them till the fourteenth o£NovevJfier
following, before which time we find Laud mounted one ftep higher,
and ready to take place amongft the Biftiops in the Honfc of Peers 3
And therefore here we will conclude the fir ft Part of our prefent
Hiftory.
THE
THE
LIFE
O F
The moft Reverend FATHER in GOD
WILLIAM
Lord Archbiftiop of Canterbury.
L 1 B. 1 1.
Extending from hk being made Bifbop of St. Davids till his
coming to the See of Bath and Wells.
IT is an obfervation no lefs old than true, that Patience and Anno T>om>
. Perfeverance overcome all difficulties: And fo it hapned unto i 6 2 r.
Laud. He had with moft incredible patience endured the
baffles and affronts which ,were put upon him by the power
and practices of his enemies. Nor did- he (hew lefs patience
in hisfo long and chargeable attendance at the Court, for which he
hadfo fmall regard, that he was rather looked upon as the Bifhop of
Durham* Servant than the Kings. But uotwithftanding thefexrofs
winds he was refolved to ride it out, neither to (hire his fails, nor to tack
about, butftill to keep his way, and to ftemthe current till he had
gained the Port he aimed at. His Majefty had beeri made acquainted!
by long experience with his great abilities, his conftancy, Courage^
and dexterity, for managing affairs of moment. And thereupon en-
tring into fpeech with him, in the beginning ofjunehe was pleafed to
take notice of the long and unrewarded fervice which he had done
him, telling him, that he looked on the Deanry of GloceUer but as a
Shell without a Kernel. This gave him the firft hopes of his growing
Fortunes.
80 The Life of William
PART I. Fortunes. On Sunday the nineteenth of that Month he preached hc-
Anno Vom. fore the King at Wanjieed, that being the firftofthofe Sermons, which
i 6 2 i. are now in Print. And on St. Peters day next following, there was a
V-^V^>J general expectation about the Court that he fhould have been made
Dean ofwejiminjicr, in the place of Williams 3 who having been fworn
Privy-Counfellor on the tenth of that month, and nominated to the See
of Lincoln, was on the tenth of J///?, honoured with the cuftody of
the great Seal of England upon the Deprivation of the Lord Chancel-
lor St. Albans, which before we (pake of: but Williams fo prevailed at
Court,that when he was made Biflaop of Lincoln,he retained this Dean-
ry mCommendam, together with fuch other Preferments as he held at
that time 5 That is to fay, A Prebend and Residentiary place in the
Cathedral Church at Lincoln, and the Rectory of Walgraze in Nor-
thampton-fnire , fo that he was a perfect Diocefs within himfelf, as be-
ing Eifljop, Dean, Prebend, Refidentiary, and Par/on $ and all thefe at
once. But though Laud could not get the Deanry, yet he loll: nothing
by the example ; which he made ufeof in retaining not only his Pre-
bends place in the fame Church of IVefi minster, and his Benefices in the
Country (that being an ordinary indulgence to fuCh as were preferred
to thefmaller Bifbopricks) butalfothe Prelidentfhip of his Colledge
in Oxon, whichhe valued more than all the reft. Forthat hisownex-
peclation might not be made as fruftrate, as was that of the Court, his
Majefty nominated him the fame day totheSeeof St.Davids,m forme*
times the Metropolitan City of the Weljhox Brittip. But though be
was nominated then, he could not receive the Epifcopal Character till
five months after} the jftay was long, but the neceffity unavoidable,
by reafonof a deplorable misfortune which had befallen Archbilhop
Abbot, and wasljr: efly this :
The Archbifhop had long held a dear and entire Friendfhip with
Edward Lord Zouch, a perfon of an eminent and known Nobility 5 On
whom he pleated to beltow a vifit inhishoufeat Eramfliall, invited to
fee a Deer hunted, that he might take the freffc air, and revive his Spi-
rits 5 a Crofs-bow was put into his hand to fhoot one of the Deer :
but his hand moft unhappily fwerving, or the Keeper as unfortunately
comingin his way, it lopleafcd God (thedifpofer of Humane Affairs)
that he miffed the Beair, and fhoAheMan. On which fad accident,
being utterly uncapabl'eof confolarion, he retired himfelf toGuilford,
the place of his birth 5 thereto expect the IfTue ofhis woful Fortunes
inanHofpital ofhis own Foundation. The news of this wretched
mifadventure f as-illVi'eWs fiies farj came the fame day to the Lord
Keeper Williams 5 ^aftd he as haftily difpatches this Advertifementof
it to the Marquefs of Buckingham.
My moji Noble Lord,
AN unfortunate occasion of my Lords Gr ice, his killing of a man cafu-
ally (as it is here confiantly reported) is the caufe of my feconding
of my yejierdays Letter unto your Lordfbip, His Grace upon this accident
is by the Common Law ^/England to forfeit all his Fjlateunto his Majejiy,
and
Lord lArcbbifloup of Canterbury. 81
a d by the Canon Law (which is in -force with us) irregular ipfoLlB. IT.
fa&Oj and fo fufpe tided from all Fccle^ajlical FuncJion, until he be a- Anno Bom.
gain rejlorecl by his Super/our, which (I take it) is the Kings Majefly I 6 1 I.
in this Kanh^ and Order of Eccle^'ajiical Jurifdiclion. If you fend for ^^V^*
I odor Lamb., he will acquaint your Lordfrip rtith the dijlinCt penalties
7/i this kjnd. I wijfi with all my heart his Majefy would be as merciful
as ever he was in all his life'-) but yet I held it my duty to let his Majejiy
hjiow by your Lord/hip-, that his Majesty is fallen upon a matter of great
aizice and deliberation. To adde affliction unto the ajfltfled fas no
doubt he is in mind ) is againji the Kings Nature : To leave virum fangui-
num3 or a man of bloody Primate and Patriarch of all his Churches, is a
i '.<jng that founds very harf) in the old Councils andCanons of the Church.
The Papifts will not fpareto defcant upon one and the other. I leave the
hytat to his Majefics deep ll'ifdom to advife and refolve upon. A rheum
fill en into mine eye, Sec.
Which Letter bearing date July 27. 1621. points usdife&Iy to the
time of this woful Accident.
Being thus pre-judged and pre-condemned, the miferable man
mu.t needs have had a hard bout of it, if his caufe had been referred
to an hearing in Chancery: But King James was as companionate as
juftj and as regardful of the Church as he was companionate to the
man. Advifing therefore with his Council, and fome chief Clergy-
men about him, though more with his own gracious difpofition, he
after ifliied a Commiffion to the Lord Keeper Williams, the BilTiops
of London, Winchester, Saint David's, and Exon, as alfo unto Hubbat
and Doddcridge, two of the Juftices of the Courts at Wefiminlter-hall,
Martin and Steward, Do&ors of the Civil Laws, men of great
Eminence and Abilities in their feveral Studies, to make Inquiry into
the Fatt : And having madelnquiry intothe Fadh, they were to give
their refolution unto his Majefty, whether the Archbifhop had been
m ide irregular by that fad accident, as it was commonly reported.
In the managing of which great Caufe, there was much variety of
Opinions amongft the Delegates , fome making him obnoxious to
Jr regularity, and others as much labouringto acquit him of ;t : Amongft
thefe lafc were Doftor Andrews then Bifhcp of Winchester, and Sir
Henry Martin then Dean of the Arches, and not long after Judge of
the Prerogative Courts to whofe Authority and Judgment the reft of
the Commiffioners did in time conform. Martin Cot his part had re-
ceived his Offices and Preferments from him, and therefore in an ho-
neft Gratitude thought himfelf obliged to bend the Law (as much
as poffibly he could) to his beft advantage: But Andrews had no
fuch impulfives, there being between them fome diiguft, which might
have rather prevailed with him to have been his Enemy : Firft there-
fore he was willing not to ftand too rigidly upon the ftricinefs of the
Canons, for fear left others of the Bifhops, and himfelf amongft them,
either through ignorance or incogitancy, might commit fome ads,
which without a fair and mild conftrudtion, might render them as
uncanonical as that poor man was: And then he (aw, that if the
Archbiftiop at that time had been pronounced irregular, and the
M See
1
gr The Life o/William
a ;\ ; J] See made void, Williams being then Lord Keeper, and in great fa-
AnmPte* 'vour w'ltn n,s Majefty an^ tne Marquefs too, would have irep'd in-
i 6 2 t. to it a of whom he knew too much, to venture that great charge
utf?"\/"%>j and truft of the Church of England to his' care and Government}
the dangerous Confequcnces whereof he was able to foretel with-
out the Spirit of Prophefie. Nor was this conjecture of his with-
out very good grounds, Williams declaring in his (aid Letter to the
Marquefs, That his Majefty had promifed him upon the relinquish-
ing of the Seal, one of the bed places in this Church. And what
place could be more agreeable to his affection than the Chair of Can-
terbury $ Nor was this unfortunate Prelate lefs befriended in thisdef-
perate plunge by Sir Edward Coke? a man of moft profound Learning
in the Laws of this Land, who being ask'd the Queftion, Whether a
Biftiop might lawfully hunt in his own or in any other Park? (in
which point lay the greateft pinch of the prefent difficulty) returned
this Anfwer thereunto 5 vi'Z,- That by the Law a Bijliop at his death was
to leave his Pack,, of Dogs (by the French called A/trtc de Chicns in fome
old Records) to he difpofed of by the King at his Will and fleajlire.
And if the King was to have the Dogs when the Bi(hop died, there is
noqueftiontobemade, but that the Billiop might make ufe oi them
when he was alive.
By reafon ?f this intercurrence, the new Elected Biflaops could not
receive the Epifcopal Character till November following} on the
eleventh day of which month, the Lord Keeper Williams was Confe-
crated Bifhop of Lincoln in the Chappel of King Henry , by vertue
of a CommirTion undei the Broad Seal, directed to certain other Bi-
fhops, according to the Statute of King Henry vii j. And on the sun-
day following, by vertue of a like Commiffion directed to the Bifhops
of London Worcejier, chithejter, Ely, Landajf, and Oxon- Doctor
Lmd Lord Elett of Saint David's, Doctor Davenant Lord Edctl of Sa-
lisbury., and Doctor Cary Lord ElcB of Exeter, received Epifcopal
Confecration in the Chappel of London- houfe. The next day after he-
took his place among!! theBimcpsin the Houfe of Peers, the Parlia-
ment having been re-alfembled fome few days before : Butthere was
little for them to do as the cafe then ftood 5 The Commons were fo
far from gratifying the King with frefh Supplies, who before had gra-
tified them inthedeftructionof fuch Minifters as were near unto him,
that they entertained him with Petitions and Remonftrances touch-
ing the danger, threatned to our Religion, by the growth of Popery,
in which they were fo far tranlported beyond their bounds, as to
propofe unto the King, the taking of the Sword into his Hands againji
the Spaniard, and the marrying of hk dear Son the Prince to a Lady of
the Reformed Religion: Of this the King had fpeedy notice 5 and in a
Letter lent to Sir Tho.Richardfon, then Speaker of the Houfe of Com-
mons, he lets them know how fenfible he was of their incnoachments,
how bold they had made themfelves with the King of Spain 5 forbid-
ding them to deal hereafter in Affairs of State, or meddle with the
Marriage of his Son the Prince : concluding, That if any fuch Petition
or Remonftrance Oiould be brought unto him,he would neither vouch -
fafe
Lord lArcbbifhop of Canterbury.
fafe the Anfwering or the Heading of it. The Commons ftartled with LIB. ir.
this Letter, and thinking to have made a benefit of the Kings necetti- Anno Vonu
ties, cry out againft it as a violation of their Ancient Priviledges 5 and i 6 2 1.
on the nineteenth day of December then next enftring, drew up the v^V"%*
following Protejlation, and caufed it to be entred dn Record id their
Journal Books, viz.
The PROTESTATION of the COMMONS.
THe Commons now Afftmbled , being jttftly occasioned thereunto^
concerning fundry Liberties, Franc hifes, and Privi/edges of Par-
liament, amOngti others here mentioned, do make this Prottjtation here
following : Thai the Liberties , Franchifes , Priviledges, and Jurifl
di&ions of Parliaments, are the ancient and undoubted Birthright and
Inheritance of the Subjefts of England j and the maintenance and making
of Laws, and redreffes of Mifhiefs and Grievances, which daily happen
within this Realm, are proper Subje&s and matter of Debate in Parlia-
ment ? and that in the handling or proceeding of thofe bufmeffes, every
Member of the Houfe of Parliament hath ahd of right ought to have freedom
of Speech^ to Propound, Treaty Re a fan, and bring to conclufion the ftme'-,
andthattke Commons in Parliament have like freedom and liberty to treat
of thofe matters in fuel) order as to their judgments jhall Jkeni fittett :
and that every Member of the faid Hcuf- hath like freedom from ill Im-
peachments, Imprifonment , and Molefi ition (other than by Cenfkre of
the Houfe it filf) for or concerning any Speaking, Reafening, or Decla-
ring of any Matter cr Matters touching the Parliament, or Parliament bu-
ff nep and that if any of the faid Members be complained of, or qneflion-
edfor any thing done or faid in Parliament^ the fame is to be Js hewed to the
King by the Aduice and Affent of all the Commons ajfn/bled in Parliament,
before the Kinggivc credence to any private Information.
More was the King ftartled at the news of this Proteflation (where-
of he had Intelligence before it came unto the Vote J than the Com-
mons were upon the reading of his Majeflies Letters. He faw his Prero-
gative invaded, his Paternal Right difputed_, a popular State growing
upinthemidftof a Monarchy, andattheprclenta great Fafrion form-
ed again!!: him, which if notfpeedily fuppreiled might prove unrefi'-
ftible. Way he found none to extricate himfelf out of thefe troubles,
but to proceed vigorously in the Treaty for the Match with Spain,
which he conceived to be the only expedient to compofe all Diffe-
rences, and recover the Patrimony of his Children. For (hould he
break offwith that King, and declare for a prefent War againft him, as
had been defired, he was to caft himfelf entirely on the Love of his
People, of whofe Affections and Defigns their prefent Actions gave juft
caufe to be diftruftful. He therefore firft gives Order on the nineteenth
of December (being the very day on which the Proteftation was Voted
at Weftminjler') to Adjourn the Parliament to the 8th. of February,
under pretence that the Members might retire into the Country, for
M a keeping
The Life o/William
he diflblves the Parliament, and by his Proclamation bearing date the
ninth of January, difcharges the Members of both Houfes from any
farther attendance.
The dUiblving of this Parliament, and the TranfacYions in the fame,
adminiftred much variety of Difcourfe in all parts of the Kingdom.
It was obferved by fome, That his Majefty had broken one of the
ftrongeft Ligaments of the Regal Power, by delivering up his Ser-
vants and Miniftersinto the hands of his People in Parliament, which
was a thing not ufed by any of his Predeceilbrs 5 That neither Woljey*
exorbitant Power, or Cromwel's contempt of the Nobility , under
Henry viii. or Leicetfers Tyranny and Oppreffions under Queen Eli-
zabeth, were ever fufFered to becanvafed or condemned in Parliament}
That the King got nothing by that unhappy condefcenfion, but the
laying himfelf open to all dilad vantages which a Prince abandoning
his Minifters, or abandoned bv them, might have juft reafon to cx-
pe£r } That when Princes begin to fa 11 fo much beneath themfelves, as
to manage Pen Combate with their Subjefts, they put themfelves asic
were upon equal ground, and frand on the fame Level with their Vaf-
fals, and by thelofsof their Authority, get nothing but the Reputa-
tion of an able Writer. And then the Reafon of thefe his y ieldings
being brought in Queftion, they were by fome imputed to a natural
timidity or want of Courage, which rendred him unable to hold out
long, when he encountred thofe who would put him to it ; Others
afcribed it to his wants, and his wants unto his prodigality, which made
his Exchequer always empty 5 and iVjony muft be had, whatever it
coft him: But thofe who thought they came moft neer unto the mark,
difcourfed of him as a man that loved not bufinefs, and loved no bu-
finefs lefsthan that of Parliaments 5 That it was ufual with him, when
he called a Parliament , and had given them their Errand , as he
thought, to retire to Theobalds, Hampton-Court , or Windfor, and
fometimes further off, to Royjion, or New-Market , as his pleafure
carried him ■> That by this means the Commons, not having oppor-
tunity of Accefs to his Perfon, were forced upon a plaufible necellity
of making their Addreflesto him by MeOages, Remonftrances, and
Petitions s That thofe Remonftrances and Petitions did beget their
Anfwers, and their Anfvvers did beget Replies which ended common-
ly in Exafperations on either fide.
But nothing was fo much admired at, as the encreafingof thcPri-
viledgesof the Houfe of Commons, as well in nature as in number.
And thereupon it was obferved , that the Commons had miftook
themfelves in the very ground on which they built their Proteftation 5
That the known Priviledges of the Commons were only liberty of
fpeech in Debate and Conference 5 Freedom from all Arrefts for them-
felves and their Servants, and opportunity of accefs to his Majeftics
Pcrfon,
1
Lord (tArchbijhop of Canterbury.
Perfon , as their occalions did require 5 that even thofe Priviledges L I B. II.
could not be called the undoubted Birth-Right and Inheritance of the AnmVouL
Subjects of England, becaufe they were no otherwife exercifed and 1 6 2 1.
enjoyed than from one Parliament to another, by the grace and <-^V^J
goodnefs of their Kings 5 That were it otherwife, it muft needs be a
great impertinency in their speaker (at the firft opening of every
Parliament) to put himfelf upon his knees, and humbly to befeech
hisMajefty, in behalf ofthe Houfe of Commons, to indulge them the
continuance of thofe Priviledges which were of right their own be-
fore 5 That they had been as much miftakenin making the Houfe of
Commons (by involving both Houfes in the name of Parliament) to
be of equal Power and Priviledg with the Houfe of Peers, the con-
trary whereof being fo well known $ That the Peers and People being
fummoned to Parliament by feveral Writs, the Peers were called only
adconfulendum, to counfel and advife the King, in matters of moft
concernment to the Church and State; And that the People were
called only confentiendnm & faciendum, to give content, and yield
obedience to fuch thmrs as were ordained in the Great Council of
the Peers 5 that even the Peers themfelves had no general warrantto
meddle in all Affairs of State, but in fuch only as his Majelty com-
mends and propounds to them 3 And therefore that thefe words in the
Writ, Super ardnisrcgnincgot^is, are not left at large, but limited and
retrained by the word quioufdavi, to fuch particulars, and fuch only,
in which the King required tne:r Counfels.
But nothing feemed lb new or flxange, as that no Member of the
faid Houfe fiould Leimpeathed* ?.wpnfoned,and molejied, other than by
Cenfureof the Hoaf. it (etf, fvr or concerning any fpeaking, reajoning,
cr declaring of any matter or matters touching the Parliament, or Parlia-
ment buHnefs. A Pnviledge not heard of in Queen Elizabeths time,
when in the 3 5. of her B.c;gn She imprifoned nolefs than five of the
Members at a clap, not only without their leave, but againft their
liking 5 and held them in fo ftrict a durance, that the Commons did
not think it fafe to move her Majefty to reftore them to their former
liberty. And therefore that they were to (hew under what ruftand
rubbiirj of Antiquity this Priviledg had fo long been hidden, andhow
it came to be found outatlaft, when no body heard of it, or looked
after it. The like difcour fed alfo of the following Priviledg, which
had been long buried in the fame grave, and never came till now to a
refurrection, viz. That the Ring is to take no private information of
any complaint, concerning matters faid or done in that Houfe, till
it be (hewn unto him by the Houfe it felf} of which it was affirmed,
that it was contrary to the Prefidents and Practice of former times as
the other was : That when the Queen had laid an Impoiition upon
Currans, and that this Impofition had been complained of by fame
Merchants to the Houfe of Commons, {he had prefent notice given
her of it by fome of her Servants in that Houfe, that fhewing her dif-
like thereof to Sir Robert Cicill, principal Secretary of State, he figni-
fled the fame unto the Houfe, telling them it was a Noli me tangert, a
point not fit for them to touch at 3 and that if they defifted not from
enter-
$6 The Life of William
PART I. entertaining that complaint , he muft acquaint her Majefty with
4hh« Vom* it, as in duty bound. Nor was there any better ground for that other
I 6 i i. branch, touching their Liberty and Freedom in breaking of all mat-
V-^V^J ters which cariieundet their Cognizance in fuch method and order as
to them feemed fitteft i but that they did intend to lay it as a founda-
tion for preferring their own bufinefs before the Kings in all times to
come.
J had not dwelt fo long upon thefe Difcourfes, nor on the former
pafl'ages between his Majefty, arid the Houfe of Commons, as being
Exotical to my bufinefs : but that they were the chief occurrences
of this firft Parliament 9 of which our new Bifhop was a Member.
And though the fitting was but fhort 4 hot above a Month h yet it af-
forded him a liberal profpect into the Humours and Affections , the
CounfelsandDefigns of the Houfe of Commons, of which he was not
to be taught how to make fuch ufe, as fhould prove moft to the advan-
tage of the Church and State. But that which chiefly did concern
him to take notice of, was the interpofing and embracements of that
Houfe in thecaufeof Religion } which if it were fb much in danger by
the extraordinary increafe of Popery , as they gave it out, it muft be
much to the Reproach both of himfelf andthereftof theBifhops, that
none of them had neither perfpicuity enough to fee it, or Zeal enough
to give warning of it. And therefore he muft needs conceive, that
Religion was made ufe of only for a blind or curtain tofcreen fome
dark defign from the publick view, which had not yet attained to fb
ripe a confidence as to ftiew it lei f abroad in the open light. The Myflery
of iniquity had long been working in this Church, not fo much in the
Topijh as the Puritan Faction. Who feeing they had no more prevailed
againft it by their open batteries than the Roman Emperours had done
on the Primitive Church by their perfecutions., refolved upon more
fecret (and confequently more dangerous) practices to attain their
ends. In order whereunto they had perpetually alarm'd this King
(from his firft coming to the Crown) with continual dangers from
thePapiftsi for which the Gunpowder-treafon gave them too much
ground. Nor would they fuffer any Seffion of Parliament pais from
that time forward, in which the dangerous practices of Priefts, Jefuits,
8cc. did not (bund in his ears. And this they did, not fomuch be-
caufethey (aw any fuch vifible increafe of Popery , as was by them pre-
tended from time to time: but that they thought it the beft way to
carry on their other projects, which they were in hand with. For
well they knew, that when the thoughts both of King and People were
totally taken up with the apprehenfion of the dangers which were
feared from the Papijis, the Puritan party in the mean time might gather
ftrength without being noted or obferved. But becaufe thefe interpo-
fingsof the Commons in thecaufe of Religion, became to be more ea-
gerly purfued in fome following Parliaments, we (hall refer the fur-
ther confederation of them to another time.
1 6 » 2. The Parliament being ended, wemuft follow our new Bifhop to his
Diocefs, whom we will wait upon to St. Davids (a poor City God
wot) fituate on the Promontory in Pen/bro{e-fiire, by the Ancients
called
Lord lArchbijhop of Canterbury.
called Ortopits, in a fai"e place, and far enough from the Saxons, whom L f g# jj
tbeWeljh moft feared: but incommodious enough for all the reft of AnnoVom
the Clergy to repair unto. Nor did it prove fb fafe for the Bifhop3and 162 2 *
other Inhabitants of it, as had been prefumed, in refpecT: of fundryo- L<?"V^j
ther Nations who have often fpoiled and defaced it. For (landing
near the Sea it had been frequently vifited and fpoiled by the Danes,
Norwegians, and other Pyrates'-, infomuch that the Bifhops were in-
forced to remove their dwelling to Caermarthen, a fair Market Town,
and beautified with a goodly Collegiate Church, not far from which,
in a Village called Abergjtilly, the Bifhop hath his ordinary place of
Refidence. This brought the City of St. Davids, fmall enough be-
fore, to the condition of a Village, there being nothing almoft remain-
ing of it but the Church, the mines of the Bifhops Palace, and fome
Houfes appertaining to the Canons of it. The Church, as now it
ftands, (if any of it be now left ltandingj was the work of Bifhop Veter
the forty eighth Bifhop of this Diocefs, and by him dedicated by the
name of St. Andrew and St. David'-, though now St. Andrew be left
out, and St. David bears the name, ("as before it didj in reference to
St. David, who firft removed the Archiepifcopal See from Caer-leon
thither. The place at that time by the IVelJIy called Menew, whence
the Latines borrow their Menevenfes, by which name thefe Bifhops are
entituled. From this removal of the See, which hapned in 519. the
Bifhops hereof were for fome time the Metropolitans, and for a long
time the fupreme Ordinaries of the Weljfjox Brittijf). For although
Archbifhop s an/Jon, the twenty fixth from St. David, in the year 91c.
or there .ibouts, had carried the Archiepifcopal Pall (and therewithal
the Archiepifcopal dignity) to Dole in Bretagne, by reafonof an ex-
treme Peftilence, then raging amongft the iVeljJ) 5 yet his SuccefTors,
though they lofc the name, rtrferved the power of an Archbifhop. Nor
did the refidue of the iVelfi Bifhops receive their Confecration from
any other hand than his till the Reign of Hen.l. At what time Bernard,
the fortv fixth Bifhop of this See, was forced tofubmit himfelf to the
Church of Canterbury.
But our Bifhops journey into Wales was not fomuch to vifit St. Da-
vid's, (in which Church ne had been before inftalled by Proxy) as to
beftow a visitation upon his Diocefs, and thereinto take order for the
rectify ing of fuch things as he Found amifs. A Diocefs containing the
whole Counties of Pembroke, Cardigan, Caermarthen, Radnor, and
■Breckno \, with fome fmall parts of Monmouth, Hereford, Montgomery,
and Glamorgan Shires. For managing whereof the Bifhop hath under
him four Archdeacons, that is to fay, of Cardigan, Caermarthen, Br ech^
nock^, and Saint Davids iifrnbuting amongft them all the Parifhes
which belong to this Diocefs, amounting to no more ("info great a
quantity of ground) than 508. of which 120 are accounted for Im-
propriations. But then we are to underftand this number, of Paro-
chial Churches, not taking into the Account fuch fubordinate Chap-
pels as had been built in feveral Parifhes for the eafe of the People,
which might very much increafe the reckoning. And yet he ad-
ded one more to them of his own foundation 5 and fuch a one as for
the
88 The Life of W i l l i a
M
FART I. the elegancy of the building, and richnefs of the Furniture, exceeded
Anno Vom. all the reft together. Chappels he found none at his Epifcopal houfe
1622. of Abcrguilly^ and one he was refolved to beftow upon it, propor-
L^V^J tionably tofucha Family as was fit for a Bifhop of St. David's to have
about him 3 which being finifhed, he provided it of rich Furniture,
and coftly Utenfils, and whatfoever elfewas neceffary or convenient
for the Service of God 3 the very Plate defigned for the celebrating
of the holy Supper amounting to one hundred fifty five pounds eigh-
teen (hillings four pence. Infomuch that if Felix the Proconful had been
frill alive, he might have cried outnoW,ashe did in the time of Julian
(g) Videquam the jfpojiate, viz. (~g) Behold in rvhat rich VeJJels they adminijler to the
prethfis vafis Son 0f Mary. But this unhappy Age hath given us Felix's enough to
MarU^FUtL reckon this amongft his crimes, and fo they do hisfolemn Confecrati-
Socrat. Hift. on of it, performed by himfelf in perfon, according to an order firmly
(h) ci«f Dm drawn UP DV t^e m°ft learned Bifliop Andrews, than whom there could
p 504. Et tam not be a greater enemy to the Errours.Superftitions, rnd Corruptions
adSm * Sacra* °^t^ie ^ee °^ Rowe' ' know it was objected, (//) that neither Gratian,
ment*l7at turn nor the Roman Pontifical, conceive fuch Confecrations neceflray to a
ccna Domini- Private Chappel 3 but then they are to be underftood of fuch Chap-
Baptifmtil)171 pels only as are meant for prayers, and in propriety of fpeech are no
Saaiinean. more than Oratories 3 and not of fuch as are intended for Preaching,
{nrSc^™' Miniftring the Sacraments, and other ads of Divine Woi ftiip, as this
Chappel was. And this appears fo plainly by the Authenticklnftru-
ment of the Dedication that no man who hath feen the fame can make
queftionof it.
Ihavelaidall thefe things together, from his Cenfecration in No-
vember 1621. till his return toward London on the fifteenth of Augvji
1622. though the building and confecrating of this Chappel was the
work of fbme following years, and that there intervened a bufinefs
of another nature betwixt the end of the Parliament and the beginning
of his journey. The Treaty for a Match with Spain was conceived
to be very forwards, and the Parliament had ended in difguft for de-
claring againft it, which much encreafed the audacioufnefs of the
Papijis, and the difcontents of the Puritan Faction. And though the
Projects of thefe laft were not yet ripe enough for a prefent difcovery ,
yetfo it hapned, that one Knight, a young Divine of Broadgates in
Oxon. ( now better known by the name of 'Pembroke Colledge*) broke
out a little before his time into fuch expreffions as plain enough de-
clared the purpofe of all the reft. For preaching at Saint Peters on
Palm-Sunday in the afternoon (being the fourteenth day of April) on
thofe Words of the Apoftle, viz. Let every foid be fubjetf, &c. Rom.
13. 1. he broacht this dangerous Doctrine: viz. 'lhat the Jnferiour
Af.igijlratehad a lawful power to order and correct the King if he did a-
mifs. For illuftration of which Doctrine he ufed that fpeech of Tra-
jans unto the Captain of his Guard : Accipe hunc glad/urn, quern pro
me ft bene imperavero dijiringesjfin minus contra me 3Thatis to fay, Re-
ceive this Sword, which I would have thee ufe for my defence if I
govern well 3 but if I rule the Empire ill, to be turned againft me. For
this being called in queftion by Dr.ric/re,one of the Canons of Chrifi-
Church,
LordzArcbbifkop of Canterbury.
Church, being then Vice-Chancellor, he was commanded to deliver a LI B. II.
Copy of his Sermon, which he did accordingly 5 and Letters prefent- Anno Dot*.
]y were difpatchttotheBifhopof St.Davids, as the only Oxford Bifhop 1622.
then about the King, to make his Majefty acquainted with it. It was ^V>*
his Ma jetties pleafure, that both the Preacher and the Sermon fhould
be fent to the Court. Where being come, he was very ftrictly exa-
mined about the Doctrine he had Preached, and how he cametofali
upon it : He laid the fault of all upon fome late Divines of Foreign
Churches, by whom he had been Co mifguided; efpecially on
parcus a Divine of Heidelberg, who in his Commentary on the Epiftle
to the Romans had pofiti vely delivered, all which he had vented in his
Sermon, even to that very faying of the Emperour Trajan. On this
acknowledgment, it pleafed the Ring of his (pedal goodnefs to remit
the errour of the Preacher, considering him as a young man, and ea-
fily feduced by fo grave an Author 5 but then withal he gave fuch or-
der in the Point, That the faid Book of Pareus fhould be publickly
burnt, not only in both the Universities, but alfo after the end of the
Sermon at St. Fanl's Crofs London, on Come Sunday following 5 which
Sentence was accordingly executed at Oxon. in St.Maries Church-yard *
on the fixth of June, in a frequent Aflembly of the Vice-Chancellor,
Doctors, Proctors, Heads of Houfes, Regents, Non-Regents, and many
others, whom curiofity ordefireof fatisradtiondidallureunto it. The
like done at St. Paul's Crofs al fo on Sunday the 23. of June next follow-
ing Mountain then Bifhop of London^ Preaching there upon that oc-
caiion. The like was done at Cambridge alfo, but the time I know not.
But yet the bulinefs ftaid not here : The Univerfity of Oxon.
thought themfelves concerned to acquit the whole Body from that
Cenfure, which the Error of one Member might have drawn upon it 5
and thereupon it was thought fit, that themoft feditious Maxims and
Pofitions, which in that point had been delivered by Pareus, fhould be
extracted out of that Book 3 and being fo extracted, fhould be pre-
fented to the Vice-chancellor, and by him referred unto the Judg-
ment of the Univerfity : Which being done, a Convocation was af-
fembled on the 25th. day of June, in which the faid Maxims and Po-
fitions were by an unanimous confent condemned as falfe, feditious,
impious, and deftructive of all Civil Government. Nor did the Uni-
verfity think they had done enough in looking back on Times paft on-
ly, if they provided not alfo for the preventing of the like mifchiefs
for the time to come 5 and thereupon it was declared by the (aid Uni-
verfity , Firft,That according to the Canon of Holy Scripture it was not
lawful for the Subject to refift his Sovereign by force of Arms, or to
make War againft him, either Ojfenfive or Defensive, whether it were
for the caufe of Religion, or upon any other Pretence whatfoever. Se-
condly, That all Doctors, Matters of Arts, Batchelorsof Law, and
BatchelorsofP^/fc^j living within the verge of the Univerfity, fhould
fubfcribe to thofe Cenfures and Decrees : and Thirdly, That who-
foever did hereafter take any Degree in any Faculty whatfoever,
(hould firft acknowledge the truth and juftice of thofe Cenfures, by
his Subfcription to the fame 5 and fhould withal take his Corporal
N Oath
pZ The Life o/Wi.Uia m
PART I. Oath (the form of which Oath was then prefcribed ) That he did not
AnuVtm. only from his heart condemn the faid Doctrines of farms 5 but that
1622. he would neither preach, teach, or maintain the fame, or any of them
for the future. And for the better avoiding of the like inconveni-
cies which Knight had run himfelf upon, by that prepofterous courfe
of Study which was then generally ufed tta that Univerfity, order
was given that his Ma jetties Inftructions of the 1 8th of June 16 16.
fliculd be publifhed in all the Chappelsof Colledges, and fome pub-
lick placein every Hall, that all young Students in Divinity might
take notice of them : And this produced by little and little fuch an al-
teration, that the name of Calvin (which before had carried all before
it ) began to leffen by degrees 5 hisReafons more looked upon than
his Affirmations, and the Doctrines of the Church of England more
clofely followed than they had been formerly.
Nor did his Majefty fo much neglect his own fafety, or the peace
andhappinels of his People, as not to take fuch order in ijas might
prevent the like falfe, factious, and feditious preachings for the time
to come. He found by this example, that divers young Students, by
heading of late Writers and ungrounded Divines, might and did
broach unprofitable, unfound, feditious, and dangerous Doctrines, to
thefcandal of this Church, and difquieting of the State and prefent
Government 5 That the filling off of fome to Popery, and ofothersto
Anabaptiflry^ or to fome other kind of feparation from the Church,
could not fo rationally be imputed to any other thing than to the light-
nefs, affectednefs, and unprofitablenefs of that kind of Preaching,
which had been of late years too much taken up in Court, Univerfity,
City,and Country \ That too many Preachers were noted to be foar-
ing up in points of Divinity too deep for the capacities of the people 5
That others ignorantly meddled in Civil matters, as well in the pri-
vate meetings of feveral Parifhes and Corporations?as in the Publick.
of the Kingdom, for the venting of their own diftafte, orfmoothing
up of thofe idle fancies, which in this blefled time of lb long a peace,
doth boil in the brains of an unadvifed People 5 That many of their
Sermons were full of rude and undecent railings, not only againft the
Doctrines,but even againft the perfons of Papists and Puritans:~And fi-
nally,that the People never being inftructed in the Catechifm,and fun-
' damental grounds of Religion^for all thefe aiery novellifms which they
received from fuch Preachers, were but like new Table-books, ready
to be filled upj either with the Manuals and Catechifms of the Popijh
Priefts, or the Papers and Pamphlets of Anabaptijls* Brownijls^ and o-
ther Puritans. His Majefty thereupon taking the Premilis into his
Princely confideration, which had been reprefented to him by fundry
grave and reverend Prelates of this Church, thought it expedient to
v caufe lome certain Limitations and Cautions, concerning preachers
and preaching, to be carefully digefted and drawn up in writing : which
done (fodone as Land appears to have a hand in the doing of it) and
being very well approved by the King, hecaufed them to be directed
to the Archbifhopsof Canterbury and Tor^ by them to be communi-
cated to the Bifhops of their feveral Provinces, and by thofe Bifhops
to
Lord tArchbijhop of Canterbury. 9$
to be put in execution in their feveral Diocefles. Which directions L I B. II.
bearing date the fourth of Auguft^ 1622. being the 20th. year of his AmoVom,
Majefties rveign, I have thought convenient to fubjoin,and are thefe 1622.
that follow,- viz,. t-^V^J
I. That no Treacher upder the degree and calling of a Bijhop, or Dean
of a Cathedral or Culleghte Church (and they upon the Kings days
only, and Jet Fefivals) do take occafion by the Expounding of any
Text of Scripture what foever, to* fall into any Jet courfe or common
place, otkerwife than by opening the coherence and division of his Text,
which fliallnot be comprehended and warranted in effence,fubfiance,
effect j or natural inference, within fome one of the Articles of Religi-
on fet forth 1562. or in fome one of the Homilies fet forth by Autho-
rity in the Church of England, not only for a help of non-preaching,
but withal as a pattern, as it were, for the preaching Minifiersj and
for their further injiru&ion for the performance thereof that they
forthwith read over and peruf diligently the JaJd Book, of Articles,
and the two Books of Homilies.
II. That no Parfon, Vicar, Curate, or Lecturer, fhall preach any Sermon
or Collation hereafter, upon Sundays and Holy-days in the After-
noons, in any Cathedral or Parifl) Church throughout this Kingdom,
hut upon fome part of the Catechifm, or fome Text taken out of the
Creed, or Commandments, or the Lords Prayer, (Funeral Ser-
mons only excepted*) and that thofe Preachers be mojl encouraged
and approved of, t who fpend their afternoons exercife in the examina-
tion of children in their Catechifms, which is the mojl ancient and
laudable cujiom of teaching in the Church of England.
III. That no Preacher of whatTitle foever, under the degree of a Eijfjopor
Dean at the leaf, do from henceforth prefume to preach in any popular
Auditory, the deep points of Predeftination, Election, Reprobation,
or of the univerfality, efficacity, refiftibility,0r irrefiftibility of
Cods Grace 5 but rather leave thofe Themes to be handled by Learned
Men, and that modefily and moderately, by Vfe and Application, ra-
ther than by way of pofitive Doctrine, as being fitter for Schools and
Vniverfities, than for (imple Auditories.
IV. That no Preacher, of what Title or Denomination foever, fhall pre-
fume from henceforth in any Auditory within this Kingdom, to de-
clare,limit, or bound out by way of pofitive Doctrine, in any Lecture
or Sermon, the Power, Prerogative, Jurifdiction, Authority, or Duty
of Scveraign Princes, or therein meddle with matters of State, and
reference between Princes and People, than as they are inUructedin
the Homily of Obedience, and in the reft of the Homilies and Arti-
cles of Religion, fet fotth (as before is mentioned) by publicly Autho-
rity : but rather confine themfelves wholly to thefe two Heads of Faith
and Good Life, which are all the fubject of the ancient Sermons and
Homilies.
V. That no Preacher, of what Title or Denomination foever, fhall caufe-
lefly, and without any invitation from the Text, fall into any bitter
Invectives, and un decent railing Speeches againftthe Papifts or Pu-
is? 2 ritans;
9f The Life o/William
PArVT I. ritans: hut wi fly an A gravely, when they are occadoned thereunto
Anno Vom. by the Text of Scripture, free both the Doctrine and Difcipline of
1^22. the Church of England front the afperfiens of either adverfiry, cfpe-
L^T^V^J cially when the Auditory is fujpecled to be tainted with the one or the
other in feci ion.
VI. Ltflly^Thatthe Archbifoops and Bifhops of the Kingdom (whom his
Alijejly hath good cattfe to blame for their former remifnefs) be more
wary and choice in Licencing of Preachers, and Verbal Grants made
to any Chancellor, Official ^or Commifftry to pafs Licenfe in this King-
dom : And that all the Lecturers throughout the Kingdom {a new bo-
dy fevered from the ancient Clergy of 'England, as being neither Par-
Jdn, Vicar, or Curate) be licenfd henceforward in the Court of F acui-
ties, only upon recommendation of the party from the Biffwp of the
Dioccfs under his hand and feal, with* Fiat from the Lord Archbi-
foop 0/" Canterbury, and a confirmation tinder the Great Seal of Eng-
land 5 and that fitch as tranfgrep any of his directions be fitfpended by
the F. 'pop of the Dioc^fs, or in his default by the Lord Archbijhop of
that Province, Ab officio St beneficio3j^r a year and a day, until
Lfs J]-ln>'jiybv the advice of the next Convocation prefcribe for fome
further pun i foment.
No fooner were thefe Inftrucfions published, but ftrange it was to
hear the feveral defcants and difcour fes which were made upon them 5
How much they were mif-reported amongft the people., andmif-inter-
pretedin themfelves*. thofe very men who faw no jufl: reafon to con-
demn the A&ion being howfoevef fure to mifconllrue the end. For
though they were fo difcreetly ordered,* that no good and godly man
could otherwife than acknowledge that they tended very much to E-
diftcation 5 Yet (uch Interpretations were put upon them, as neither
could confift with his Majefties meaning, nor the true fenfeof the ex-
preffions therein ufed. By fome it was given out, that thofe Inftru&i-
ons did tend to the reftraint of Preaching, attheleft as tofbme ne-
cclfary and material points 5 by others, that they did abate the num-
ber of Sermons, by which the people were to be inftructed in the Chri-
ftianFaith, by all the Preachers of that Party, that they did biu open
a gap for Ignorance and Superftition to break in bv degrees upon the
people. Which coming to his Majefties Ear?, it brought him under
the neceffity of making an Apology for himfelf, and his anions in it.
And tothis end having fummed up the reafons which induced him to
it, he required the Archbifhop of Canterbury to communicate them to
his Brother of Torkj by both to be imparted to their feveral Suffragans,
the inferiour Clergy, and to all others whatfoever, whom it might
concern : which notwithstanding, it lay lb heavy on the ftomach of
H. Burton ("at that time a Waiter in the Court, and afterwards bene-
ficed inFrzW^-ftreet jthat it would not down with him for many years.
Infomuchthat in his feditious Sermon, Entituled, For God and King,
Annoi6%6. hechargeth it for an innovation in Religion, thatthe Bi-
fhops then about King James, (of which Laud was one) procured an
order from him to inhibit young Minift'ers from preaching thofe Do-
ftrinrs
Lord zArcbbiJhop of Canterbury.
ctrines (thofe faving Doctrines as he calls them) of Election and Pre- LIB. II.
deftination, and that none but Biftiops and Deans fhould handle thofe- Anno Vonu
Points s which he is confident to have been done by them for no other 1622.
reafon, But thereby the more eajily to make roiy for the accomplijhing of1***^^*
their plot, for the introducing of Popery, folong in hammering. So
impoffibterwas it for that King, (and as impoflible for his Son and Suc-
celfbr) affifted by the graved and moft moderate Councellors„ to fix
on any thing conducible to the peace and happinefs of the Church,
but what muft be traduced, and made odious in the fight of the Peo-
ple by thejreports and artifices of thofe troublefom Spirits.
Now as his Ma jefty and the Church were exercifed on the one fide
by the Puritan Faction, foweretheyno lefs troubled and difquieted
by the Popifti Party on the other. The Priefts and Jefuites, upon the
breaking up of the Parliament, and the Proceedings of the Treaty,
grew to fuch an height of confidence, that they openly began to pra-
dtife on fome perfons of Honour for feducing them and their depen-
dants to the See of Rome. Amongft whom there was none more
aimed at than the Countefs of Buckjnghatn, whom if they could gain
unto their Party, they doubted not but by her means to win the Mar-
qnep<> and by his power to obtain a toleration at the Ieaft of their Su-
perftition. The Lady beginning to ftaggerin her refolutions, and
Fificr the Jefuite f who had undertaken the task) continually prefting
herbyfrefh arguments to declare her felf, it came at lafttothe Kings
knowledge, who was not wantingto difcourfe with her for her fatis-
fa&ion. At that time Dr. Francis White, Rector of Saint Peter in
Comhil, was Reader of the Divinity Lecture in the Church of Saint
Tanl, by which he had gained an high efteem amongfl: his Auditors,
not only for hishoneft Zeal againftthe Papifts, in thofe (as they were
then thought J) Pendulous times: but for a notable dexterity in the
managing of all points ofControverfie. No man thought fitter than
this Doctor to encounter Fijher. And to that end, in the begin-
ning of this year, he was defired by the Marquefs to hold a Confe-
rence with the Jefuite, at which his Mother being prefent, might hear
what anfwers would be given to fuch Objections as had been made
againft this Church, and the Religion here by Law eftablifted. One
Conference not being enough to conclude the bufinefs, another fol-
lowed not long after, to which the Kinghimfelf did i^ouchfnfehis pre-
fence} fo great was hisdefireto free this Honourable Lady from the
Fifoers net. But in thatfecond Conference (confifting altogether of
particular points J there had been nothing faid touching an infallible^
vifible Church, which wasthe chief and only point in which the Pat-
ty doubting required fatisfaction. And that (he might have (atisfa-
ftion in that matter alfo, itpleafedhis Majefty toadde a third Confe-
rence to the former on the twenty fourth of May next following, not
to be managed by the fame parties, but by ourBiftiopon the one fide,
and the faid Fijher on the other 5 the Lord Keeper Williams (who put
in a word or two fometimes^) and divers other perfons of Honour be-
ing alfo prefent.
How
$6 The Life o/William
PART I. How well he lped in that encounter,the Printed Conference, which
AnnoVom. came out about two years after, and thejuftification of it publifhedin
1622. the year 1637. domoft clearly evidence, as (hall be (hewn hereafter
in due time and place. Certain lam, that he gained fo much by that
days work on the Marque fs of Buckingham, that from that time for-
wards he was taken into his efpecial favour 5 For he himfelf telleth
us in his Breviate on Whitfunday-, June the eighth, That the Marquefs
waspleafed to enter into a nearer refpeff to him, the particulars whereof
were not for paper? That on the fifteenth of that month he had the
honourto bemadethe Marquefs's Confejjbr ( which was to give him in
effeft the key of his heart 5) that on the morrow after, being T rinity
Sunday, the Marquefs having thus prepared himfelf, received the Sa-
crament at Greenwich. Which if he had not forborn for a long time
before, this Memorandum in the Breviate mud: have been imperti-
nent 5 and finally, that on the eleventh of January, the Marquefs and
he wercatfome private Confutation, in the inner Chamber at Torkr
houfe, on which he prays God to beftow hisbleffing. Nor was the
Ring lefs pleafed with his performance at that time, than the Mar-
quefs was. On the report whereof, he gave him order to digeft the
fubftance of it into Form and Method, to make it ready for his hear-
ing inconvenient time 5 and was content to give»him accefs no lefs
than thrice in the Chrijimafs holy-daysa that he might hearken to it
with the more attention. That King had never the command of fo
ftrong a patience as to hold out againfta fecond or third reading, if
he had not found fome high contentment in the firft. In which con-
juncture, it was no hard matter for him to obtain the renewing and
enlarging of his Commendium by the addition of the Parfonage of
Creeks in Northampton/hire, into which he was inftituted and inducted,
in the end of January.
We are now drawing unto a new and ftrange adventure, greater
than which was never undertaken and performed by a Prince of Eng-
land. The Treaty for the Match with Spain, beginning in the year
1 617. was afterwards more vigorouOy profecuted by King James,
upon a hope of bringing back the Palatinate with it 5 But while he
fed himfelf with hopes, the Spaniards and Bavarians, had devour-
ed the Country, leaving but three Towns {Heidelberg, FranJ°endalc,
and Manheime) to keep pofteffion for the Prince Eleclor, in the name
of the reft. Which the King finding at the laft, and feeing that one
delay begat another, without promising any end to his expectations 3
it was by him refolved, without the privity and confent of his Coun-
cil, that the Prince himfelf fhould go in perfon into Spain, that he
might either fpeed the bu(ineG,or break offthe Treaty: Nor wanted
the Prince ftrong impulfives to induce him to it. He was now paft
the two and twentieth year of his Age, and was 10 bent upon the
Match, that he began to grow impatient with his Fathers Minifters
for notripening it unto an ifiiie. For it is evident by Digby's Letter
(\) Hidden Unto Ca^ert 0) dated Otfober 28. 1623. (this laft then Secretary of
n>orks of State) not only that King James did infinitely defire the Match, but
JarkcV'tf: that the Prince defired it as much as he, and by Calvert's Letter unto
Digby^
Lord <*ArcbbiJhop of Canterbury. 97
Digby, on the fifth of this prefent January, lhat he could haze no reft L I B. If.
for his young Mafier, for being called on 'early and late to haftenthe dip- AmoVotn.
patch of alL Some Meffages and difpatches had been brought by 1^22.
Porter out of Spain about three days before, which winged his feet, Vf?~v"^K*
and added Spurs to the defign. The journey being thus agreed on,
was in the very nature of it, to be made a fecret 5 and therefore not
communicable to the Lords of the Council for fear of fraying him at
home, orrendring him obnoxious to the danger of an interception as
he part through France'-, which mifchief if it had befaln him, he muft
either have fubmitted unto fuch conditions, or fullered under fuch
reftraints as might feem intolerable in themfelves, but abfolutely de-
ftru&ive of his prefent purpofe 5 which may the rather be believed by
reafon of the like proceedings of that Ring with the prefent Prince
Elector Palatine •■> who porting difguifed through France, in hope to
get the Command of Duke Bernards Army, was flayed in the middle
of his Journey by that Kings command, and kept fo long under re-
ftraint that he loft the opportunity of effecting that which he dehred.
It is not to be thought but that much danger did appear in the un-
dertaking, but Love, which facilitates impoffibilities, overcomes all
dangers. On the eighteenth day of February , accompanied by the
Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Endimion Porter, and Mr. Francis Cotting-
ton, he took Ship at Dover, and landed fafe it Boloigne & Port of Pz-
cardy. Advanced on his way as far as Paris ,h\s Curiolity carried him
to theCourt, to fee a Mafque, at which he had a view of that incom-
parable Prince ft, whom he after married. But he was like to have
paid dear for his curiofity; For no fooner had he left the City, but
the French King upon Advertifement of his being there, difpatcht a-
way many of his Servants in purfuanceof him, commanding them not
only to flay his Journey, but to bring him back untothe Court. But
he rides fall who rides upon the wings of Love and Fear, fbthat the
Prince had part: Bayonne (the la ft Town of France*) without being
overtaken by them 5 and porting fpeedily to Madrid he entred the
Lord Ambailadors Lodging without being known to any but his Con-
fidents only. That Danger being thus efcaped, he caft himfelf upon
another^For having put himfelf into the power of the King of Spain, it
was at the courtefie of that King whether he fhould ever return or not 5
it being a Maxime among Princes, that if any one of them without
leave fets foot on the ground of another, he makes himfelf ipfofatto to
become his Prifoner. Richardthe firft of England parting in chfguife
through fome part of the dominions of the Arch-Duke of Auftria,\vzs
by him took prifoner, and put unto fo high a ranfbme, that the Arch-
Duke is faid to have bought the Earldom of Styria,ov styrmarh^, with
fome part of the money, and to have walled Vienna with the reft. Nor
wanted the Spaniards fome Examples of a later date, which might
have juftified his detention there, had they been fo minded, and thofe
too borrowed from our felves. Philip the firft of Spain, (one of the
PredecefTors of the King then Reigning) being caft by tempeft on the
coaftof England^ was here detainedby King Henry the Seventh till he
had delivered up the Earl of Suffolk who had put himfelf under his
pro-
P8
The Life of W illia m
PART I. protection. In like manner Mary Queen of Scots being; forced by her
Anm T>om. Rebellious Subjects to flee into this Realm, was prefently feized on
1622. as a Prilbner, and fo continued till her lamentable and calamitous
\^^y^>J death. And what could more agree with the rules of Juftice, andthe
old known practice of Retaliation* then that the Englijh uhould bepu-
nilbed by the rigour of their own feverities ?
Such were the Dangers which the Princes perfon was expofed to
bv this unparallel'd adventure, not otherwife to be commended (in
moft mens opinions) but by the happy fuccels of his return. And yet
there were fom« fears of a greater danger than any could befal his per-
ibn by Sea or Land; that is to fay, the danger of his being wrought
ontoalter his Religion, and to make (hipwrack of his Faith, and this
bv fome uncharitable perfons is made the ground of the defign, to the
indelible reproach of thofe who were fuppofed to have had a hand in
the contrivement of the Plot/ Amongir thofe the Afarqucfs ftands
accufed by the Earl ofiBrifiol. as appears by the firft Article of th^
Charge which was exhibited againfrhim in the Parliament of the year
1626. And our new Bifrhop ftands reproached for another of them by
Cm) Hidden tne Author of the book entituled. Hidden n-orks of d.ir^nefs, fkc. Cm).
^ut then it cannot be denied, but that his Majefty andthe Prince mult
be the Principals in this Fact, this Hidden v;ork, of darknefs^ as that
Author calls it '-, Btic 4/ ngha.ni and Saint Dazid's being only acceilaries,
and fubfervient inftruments. But who can think thev durft have un-
dertaken fo foul a buimefs, which could not be waittoff but by their
blood, had not the King commanded, andthe Prince confented ? Now
for the King, there is not anv thing more certain than the great care
he took that no danger (hould accrue to the Religion here by Law
eftablifhed by the Match with Spain. And this appears fo clearly by
the Iufrruftions which he gave to Dig'oy at the firft opening of this
Treaty, as if it had been written witha beam of theSun : c: Themat-
cc ter of Religion (Taith he) is to us of moft principal confederation}
" for nothing can be to us dearer than the honour and fafety of the Re-
ligion we profefs:And therefore feeing that this Marriage and Alli-
c: ance (if it fhall take place) is to be with a Lady of a different Reli-
gion from us 5 itbecometh us to be tender, as on the one part, to
cc give them all fatisfaction convenient 5 fo on the other, to admit no-
cc thing that may blemiih our Confcience, or detract from the Relir
tc gion here eftablifhed. And to this point he ftood to the very lafr,
not giving way to any alteration in this, or toleration of that Reli-
gion; though he was pleafed to grant fome perfonal graces to the
Recufants of this Kingdom, and to abate fomewhat of the Rigour of
thofe Capital Laws which had been formerly enacted againft Priefrs
and Jefuites.
Next for the Prince., he had been brought up, for fome years then
laftpaft, at the feet of this moft learned and wife Gamaliels by whom
he was fo fortified in the true Proteftant Religion, eftablifhed by the
Laws of this Realm, that he feared not the encounter of the ftrongeft
Advcrfary ; and of this the King wasgrown fo confident, that when
Marc and Wren, the Princes Chaplains, were to receive hisMajeftics
Com-
Lord ijrchbijhop of Canterbury.
Commands at their going to Spain, thereto attend upon their Mafter, E-I B. IF.
he advifedthemnottoput themfelves upon any unneceffary Difputa- Anno T>em>
tions,but to be only on thedefenfive partjf they fhould be challenged. 1622.
And when it was anfwered, That there could be no reafoh to engage t-^V^f
in fuch Difputations where no Moderator could be had 5 The King
replied, That Charles fhould moderate between them and the oppofite
party. At which when oneof them Teemed to (mile upon the other,
the King proceeded, and affured them, that Charles fhould manage a
point in Conrroverfie with the beft ftudied Divine of them all 5 and
that he had trained up George fo far as to hold the Conclufion.though
he had not yet made him able to prove the Premifes. By which it
feemsthat his Majefty conceived no fuch fear on the Princes part, as
that he could be pra&ifeclor difputed out of his Religion and that he
had no fuch fear of Buckingham neither, butthat he would be able td
ftand his ground, notwithftanding any Arguments which were
brought to move him. And he that isfo far confirmed as to ftand his
ground, will never yield himfelf though he may be vanquifhed. It was
not then to be believed, that men fo principled and inftrudfed, as not
to be forced out of their Religion, fhould take fuch pains to be per-
verted, or feduced upon worldly policies, as well againft their Sci-
ence, as againft their Confcience. Had they gone thither on that Er-
rand, what could have hindred them from putting the deftgn in execu-
tion 5 having in Spain fit opportunity to effecT: it, at home the Kings
Authority to confirm and countenance it, and the whole power of
hisCatholick Majefty f which was offered more than once ortwice_)
to juftifie and defend the mif-rule againft all the world? That they
brought back the fame Religion which they carried with them, is a
ftrong Argument to any man of fenfeandreafbn that they went'not in-
to Spain of purpofe to betray it there.
Let us next look upon the proofs which are offered to us 5 for Laud
being privy to this journey, whereof his being of Council to pervert
the Prince, and draw him to the Church of Rome, there is no proof
offered : For firft I find it charged, that he wrote a Letter xmto Bucl^
ingham on the fifth day after his departure, and maintained a conftant
Correfpondence with him when he was in Spain : And fecondly, That
he was privy to fome Speeches which his Majefty had ufed to the
Prince at his going hence. His Majefty in fbme of his printed Books
had maintained that the Tope was Antichriji 3 and now he feared that
this might be alledged againft him in the Court of Rome, to hinder the
Popes Difpenfati on, and obftrucl: the Marriage: For the removal of
which bar, he commands the Prince to fignifie(if occafion werej to ^.
all it might concern, That his Majefty had writ nothing in that point '
concludingly, but by way of Argument. That Laud was prefentatthis *
Conference betwixt his Majefty and the Prince, hath no proof at all :
He might be made acquainted with it on the poft-fa&, when the Prince
returned 3 and yet becaufehe was made acquainted with thispaflage,
though upon the poft-faB, it muft be hence concluded, as a matter cer-
tain, That he was one of the Cabinet Council,and privy to the Princes going
into Spain : And fecondly, as a matter probable. That he fnggetfed this
O diftin&ioh
IOO
The Life o/William
PART I.' difiin&ion unto King James, to pleafe the Pope, and promote the Match.
Anno Vom. As little ftrength there is in the fecond proof, touching his Writing to
1622. the Marquefs on the fifth day after his departure : But then it was not
i^"V~^w till the fifth, before which time the Princes Journey into Spain was
Hidd.Works mac[e the general Difcourfe of all Companies, the ordinary Subject of
Bm/'z> all Tongues and Pens ; communicated by word of mouth, by Letter sj
r€V,P' 3* andby what means not } Nor can thofe following Letters, which he
received from Buckingham when he was in Spain, convince him of be-
ing privy to that Journey, when it was in project and defign 5 there be-
ing many others alfo, who both received and difpatched Letters fre-
quently from that very fame perfon, fofar from being of the Council
as to that particular, that they were not. of the Court at all : So ordi-
nary is the fate of fuch forry Arguments, to conclude nothing at al^
or that which is nothing to the purpofe.
But what need more to be faid to confute this Calumny on which I
have fo long infilled, than the great Care which was immediately taken
by the King and his Bifhops, to maintain the Reputation of the Church
of England in the Court of Spain ? No (boner had his Majefty notice
that the Prince was come in fafety to the Court of that King, but order
prefently was taken for Officers of all Qualities, and Servants of all
forts to be fent unto him, that fo he might appear in publickwith the
greater luftre. Nor was it the lean: part of his Roy al Care, to accom-
modate him with two fuch Chaplains as fhould be able to defend the
Doctrine of this Church againft all Opponents. And that there might
appear a face of the Church of England in the outward Forms of
Worlhipalfo, his Majefty was' pleafed by the Advice of the Bilhops
then about him (of which Laud was one) to give the faid Chaplains,
M&vo and Wren , thefe Inftru&ions following , dated at Newmarket,
March 10.
I. That there be one convenient Room appointed for Prayer 5 the faid Room
to be employed during their abode to no other ufe.
II. That it be decently adorned Chappel-wife, with an Altar, Fonts, Vails,
Linen Coverings, Demy-Carpet, four Surplices, Candlejiickf, Tapers,
Chalices, Fattens, a fine Towel for the Prince, other Towels for the
Houjlwld, aTraverfeof Waters for the Communion, aBafon and Flag-
gons, two Copes.
III. That Prayers be duly kept twice a cUy : That allreverence be ufed by eve-
ry one prefent, being uncovered, kneeling at due time, ftandingup at
the Creeds and G of pel, bowing at the Name of J E S U S.
IV. That the Communion be celebrated in due form, with an Oblation of e-
very Communicant, and admixing Water with the Wine : the Com-
munion to be as often ufed as it fball pleafe the Prince to ft down j
fmooth Wafers to be ufed for the Bread.
V. That in the Sermons there be no Polemical Preachings to inveigh againfl
them, or to confute them A but only to confirm the Doclrinc and Tenets
of the Church of England, by all pofitive Arguments, either in Fun-
damental or Moral Points'^ andefpeciallyto apply themfelves in Mo-
ral Leffonsto Preach Chr'id Jefus Crucified,
Vl.That
LordzArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 101
VI. That they give no occaHons (or raflily entertain any) of Conference LIB. II.
or DifpHte (for fear of dijhonour to the Prince, if upon any offence Anno V*n.
taken, he fiouldbe required to fend arc ay any one of them) : hut if the 1622.
Lord Embaffador or Mr. Secretary wiflj them to hear any thatdejire t-^V^
fome information, then they may fafely do it.
VII. Thatthey carry the Articles of our Religion it* many Copies, the Books
of Common Prayer in feveral Languages, fiore of Engliftl Service'
Books, the Kings own Works in EngYiftland Latin.
Such were his Majefties inftrudtions to the faid two Chaplains : and
being fuch, they do concludingly demonftrate, That there was no de-
fignin the King or Prince, or in any of the Court or Court-Bifhops,
of what name foever, to alter the Religion here by Law eftablilhed 5
or that the Prince was ported into Spain of purpofe that he might be
perverted or debauched from it.
But the beft is, that he which gave the Wound hath made the plaifler 3
and fuch a Plaijler as may aflliredly heal the Sore without troubling
any other Chirurgeon. It is affirmed by him who publiftiedthe (p) (p)Breviaii
Breviateo£ our Bilbops Life, That he was not only privy to this Jour- p> 14*
ney of the Prince and Buckingham into ^z'^but that the Journey was
purpofely plotted to pervert him in his Religion, and reconcile him
to Rome : And this he makes apparent by the following Prayer, found
amongft others in the Bifhops Manual of Devotions than which
there can be nothing more repugnant to the Propofitions, for proof
of which it is fo luckily produced. Now the faid Prayer is thus ver-
batim, viz,.
OMofl merciful Cod and gracious Father, the Prince hath put
himfelf to a great Adventure : I humbly befeech thee, make
clear the way before him 5 give thine Angels charge over him*, be with
him thy felf in Mercy, Power, andproteclion, in every fiep of his jour-
ney, iti every moment of his Time, in every Confultation and Addrefs for
A&ion, till thou bring him back, with Safety, Honour, and Contentment,
to do thee fervice in this place. Blefs his mofi trujiy and faithful Ser-
vant the Lord Duke of Buckingham, that he may be diligent in Service,
provident in Bndnefs, wife and happy in Counfel, for the honour of thy
Name, the good of the Church, the prefervation of the Prince, the con-
tentment of the King, the fatisfa&ion of the State: preferve him, I hum-
bly befeech thee, from all envy that attends him and blefs him, that his
eyes may fee the Prince fafely deliveredto the King and State ? and after
itto live long in happinefs, to do thee and them fervice, through Jefus
Chrift our Lord. Amen.
And with this Prayer ( fo plainly deftrudrive of the purpofe for
which it was publiQied ) I (hut up the Tranfa&ions of this prefent
year.
We will begin the next with the difmiffion of the Archbiftiop of
Spalato, a man defamed by the Italians at his coming hither, and as
much reproached by the Englijh at his going hence : His name was
O 2 Marcus
lea The Life o/William
PART i. Marcus Antonius de Dominis, Archbifhop of Spalato in Fact, and Pri-
ArAi 'Dm. mate of Dalmatia in Title: Such anciently and of right thofe Arch-
r j5 2 9 . bilhops were, till the Bifhop of Venice being made a Patriarch by Pope
L^S/*S»J Eugenhss the Fourth, Anno 1450. affumed that Title to himfelf, to-
gether with a Superintendency over all the Churches of that Coun-
try, as fubordinate to him. He had been long converfant with the
Fathers and Ancient Councils 5 By this Light he difcerned the Dark-
nefs oftheChurch of Rome^ and the blind Title which the Popes had
for their Supremacy. Inclining to the Proteftant Religion, he began
to fear that his own Country would prove too hot for him at the lad,
and therefore after he had fate in the See of spalato about fourteen
years, he quitted his Preferments there, and betook himfelf for San-
ctuary to the Church of England^ Anno 1616. Extremely honoured
at his firft coming by all forts of people : entertained in both Uni ver-
ities with folemn Speeches 3 prefented, complemented, feafted, by
the great Lords about the Court, the Bifliops, and fome principal
perfons about the City: Happy was he that could be honoured with
his Company, and fatisfied with beholding his comely pretence,
though they underftood not his Difcourfes. Commended by King
James at firft for a conftant Sojourner and Guefr to Archbifliop^/*-
botj in whofe Chappel at Lambeth he affifted at the Confecration of
fome EngliJJj Bifhops. Ma#e afterwards by the King the Matter of
the Savoy > and Dean of Windfor^ and by himfelf made Rector of Weft-
lllesby in the County of Berks : A Revenue not fo great as to bring
him under thefufpicion of coming hither out of Covetoumefs, for the
fake of filthy Lucres nor fo contemptible, but that he might have
lived plentifully and contentedly on it. During his ftay here, he
publifhed his learned and elaborate Book entituled, De Republic? Ec-
clejtnftica^ never yet anfwered by the Papifts, and perhaps unanfwer-
able. He had given great trouble to the Pope by his defection from
that Church, and no (mall countenance to the Doctrine ofthe Prote-
ftant Churches by his coming over unto ours. The found ring of fo
great a Pillar, feemed to prognoifticatc, that the Fabrick of that
Church was not like to ftand. And yet he gave greater blows to
them by his Pen, than by the defection of his perfon$ the wound fo
given, being conceived to be incurable.
Inthefe refpects, thofe of that Church beftirredthemfelves todif-
grace his perfon, deviling many other caufes, by which he might be
moved or forced to forfake thofe parts, wherein he durft no longer
tarry: but finding little credit given to their libelloirs Pamphlets,they
began tbwcfrk upon him by more fecret practices, infinuating, That
he had neither that refpedt nor thofe Advancements which might en-
courage him to fray 3 That, the new Pope Gregory the Fifteenth was
his fpecial Friend 5 That he might chuie his own .Preferments, 1 and
makenis own Conditions, if he would return. And on the other fide
.they cunningly wrought him ouf of credit with King James, by the
Arts of Gi. ndamcre^ EmbaiTadour at that time from the King of Spain 5
and leflened his efteem afnongir the Clergy, by fome other Artifices :
So that the poor man, being in a marmer loft on both fides, was forced
no
»
/
Lord <*A rchbifhoj) of Canterbury. \o\
to a neceffity of fwallowmg that accurfed bait, by which he was LIB. II.
hooked over to his own deftruction. For having follicited King Anm Vom.
Jamesby fevcral Letters (the lafc of them bearing date on the third 1623.
of February) to Iicenfe his departure home, he was by the Kingdif- ^^"V^J
dainfully turned over to the High-Co mmijjion, or rather to a fpecial
Commiffion direfred to Archbilhop Abbot, the Lord Keeper Lincoln,
the Bilhopsof London, Durhdm, and Winchester, with certain of the
Lords of the Privy Council. Thefe Lords aflembling at Lambeth on
the 30th. of March, and having firft heard all his excufesand defences,
commanded.him to depart the Realm within twenty days, or other-
wife to expect fuch puniihment as by the Laws of the Land might be
laid upon him, for holding Intelligence by Letters, Meffages, &c.
with the Pope of Rome. To this Sentence he forrowfully fubmitted,
proteft i n g openly, That he would never fpeak reproachfully of the
Church of England,thc Articles whereof he acknowledged to be found
and profitable, and none of them to be Heretical, as appears by a
Book entituled, S F AL ATO's shiftings in Religion, publifhed (as it
was conceivedjby Laud's efpecial Friend, the Lord Bilhop of Dur-
ham. How well, or rather how ill he performed this promife, and
what became of him after his return to Rome is not now my bufinefs.
The man is baniflied out of England, and my Hiftory leads me next
into Spain, not Italy.
The Church of England had a great ftock at that time to be drives
\n Spain, and many of the Romiflj Factors were defirousto be trading
in it. No fooner was the Princes Train of Lords and Gentlemen
come to the City of Madrid, but the King of Spain afligneda day for
his Reception* A Reception fo Magnificent, fo full of State and
Royal Pomp, that it redounded infinitely to the honour of the spa-
nijl) Court, and the fatisfaction of the Prince. Never was King ofspain
on the day of his inauguration received into that City with a more
general concourfeof all forts of people, and greater figns of Joy and
Gallantry-, then the Prince was conducted through it to the Palace
Royal. In which his Quarters being afligned him, there wanted no
allurements on their parts to win him to a fairefteem of their Religi-
on, and to put fomehigh value alfoon their Court and Nation. Nor
was the Prince wanting for his part in all fit compliances, by which
he might both ^ain on them, and preferve himfelf 5 for by his Courtly
Garb he won fo much on the affections of the Lady Infanta, and by
his Grace and circumfpedt behaviour got fo much ground upon that
King and his Council, that the Match went forward in good earneft.
A difpenfation for the marriage was procured from Gregory the Fif-
teenth then fitting in the See of Rome, The Articles of the marriage
with all the circumftances thereof were agreed upon, and folemnly
fworntoby both Kings. Nothing remained to bring the whole bufi-
nefstoajoyfulifiuebuttheConfummation. But before that could be
obtained, the Prince muft try his fortunes in an harder Conflict than
any he had learnt in the Schools of Love.
The change of his Religion was much hoped for by the Court of
Spain at his firft coming thither. To perfect which he was plied from
time
104. The Lifeof William
PART I. time to time with many perfvvafive Arguments by many perfons of
Anno Vom. great honour about that King. And many of the mod learned Priefts
1623. and Jefuites made their Addrefl'esto him, withfuch Rhetorical Ora-
U7~V~^>J tions, with fuch infinuating Artifices, and fubtle Practices, as if they
had a purpofe rather to conquer him by kindnefs, than by difputation.
Nor ftop they there, but dedicated many Books unto him, to gain him
fairly to their party '■> invited him to behold their folemn Proceffions
to captivate his outward fenfes 5 and carried him to the rnoft Religi-
ous places, famous for their magnificent Fabricks, and pretended Mi-
racles. In which conjuncture of defigns, it is not to be thought but
that the Pope beftirred himfelf in gaining to his Church a Prince of
fuch parts and greatnefs. For firft he writes unto the Bifhop of Con-
chen, Inquifttor general of Spain, not to be wanting to the opportunity
which God had put into his hands. The next day, being the twenti-
eth of April, he addrefled his lines unto the Prince, extolling the piety
of his Predeceflors, their zeal unto theCatholick Church, and to the
head thereof the Pope, inviting him by all the blandiftiments of Art,
to put himfelf upon the following of their brave examples. Never
had Prince a harder game to play than Prince C harks had now : He
found himfelf under the Power of the King of Spain, and knew that
the whole bufinefs did depend on the Popes difpenfation, with whom
if he complyed not in fome handfome way, his expectation might be
fruftrate, and all the fruits of that long Treaty would be Hidden! y Wa-
fted. He therefore writes unto the Pope in fuch general terms as
feemed to give his Holinefs fome alTurances of him: but being re-
duced unto particulars, fignified nothing elfe but fome civil comple-
ments 5 mixt with fome promifes of his endeavours to make up the
breaches in the Church, andreftore Chriftendomto an happy and de-
ferable peace. Which notwithstanding was after reckoned amongft
his crimes 5 by fuch as rather would not, then did not know the ne-
ceffity which lay upon him, of keeping at that time aplaufiblecorre-
lpondence with the Catholick party.
Butthefe Temptations and Allurements, thefe Artifices and Infinua-
tions, prevailed fo little with the Prince, that he ftill kept his ftand,
and was found impregnable 5 carrying himfelf with fuch a prudent
Moderation in thefe encounters, that he came off always without En-
vy;, but not without Glory. And that it might appear on what grounds
heftood, it was thought fit to let them fee that he profefled no other
Religion than what was agreeable to the Rules of Antiquity,and not
much abhorrent from the Forms then ufed in the Church of Rome.
And to this end, by the prudent care of the Lord Keeper Williams,
the EngliJIi Liturgie was tranflated intoSpanifh} fo many Copies of
the book then Printed being fent into Spain, as gave great fatisfa&ion
both to the Court and Clergy. The work performed by a converted
(qXab'p.tf Dominican (q) who was gratified for his pains therein by a good Pre-
bend, and a Benefice, as he well deferved. A nd this I muft needs fay
was very feafonably done 5 for till that time the Spaniards had been
made believe by their Priefts and Jefuites, that when the Englif) had
caft ofF the rope, they had caft off all Religion alfo. That from
thence-
»
Lord sdrcbbijhopof Canterbury. 105
thenceforth* they became meer Atkeijish and that the name of God L I B. II.
was never ufed amongft them, but with a purpofeto expofeitto pro- AmoVom.
fanation. An Argument whereof may be the extreme fqueamifhnefs 1623.
of theConftable of Caftile, fent into England in the beginning of the ^^^f
Reign of King James, to fwear the peace between both Kings. Who J°^t'
underftanding that the bufinefs wasto be performed in the Chappel, f,^°0:
where fome Anthems were to be fung, defired, that whatfoever was
fung, Gods name might not be ufed in #5 and that being fur born, he was
contert they JI)culd(?ng rvhat they lifted. And when the Earl of Noting'
ham, attended by many Gentlemen of worth and quality went into
Spain, to take the like Oath of the Catholic!^ King, it was reported by
his followers at their coming back, how much it was commiferated by
the Vulgar Spaniards, that fo many goodly perfons fhould be trained
up in no other Religion than to worfhipthe Devil.
But let us leave the Prince, and return for England, where the King
had as hard a game to play} For having left fuch a Pawn in Spain, he
was in a manner bound to his good behaviour, and of necefiity to
gratifie the Popijl) Party in this Kingdom with more than ordinary-
Favours. He knew no marriage could be made without the Popes
Difpenfation, and that the Popes Difpenfation could not be obtained
without indulging many graces to his Catholick Subjects. To fmopth
his way therefore to the point defired, headdredeth feveral Letters
to the Pope and Cardinals, in which he gives him the title of moft holy
Fathers and imploys Gage, as his Agent in the Court of Rome, to at-
tend the bufinefs. At home he difchargeth all fuch Prieli: and Je fetes
as had been formerly imprifoned 5 inhibiting all Proceffes, and Super-
Ceding all proceedings againTrRecufants 5 and in a word, fufpends the
execution of fuch penal Laws as were made againft them. The People
hereupon began to cry out generally of a Toleration, and murmur in
all places againft the King, as if he were refolved to grant it. And
that they might not feem to cry out for nothing, a Letter isdifperfed
abroad, under the name of Archbifhop Abbot. In this Letter his Ma-
jeftyis told, " That by granting any fuch Toleration he fhould let
" up the moft damnable and Heretical Doctrine of the Church of
" Rome, the whore of Babylon '-, that it would be both hateful to God,
tc grievous to his good Subjedts,and contradictory to his former Writ-
*cings, in which he had declared their Doctrines to be Superfluous,
"Idolatrous, and deteftable. That no fuch toleration could be
"granted but by Parliament only, unlefs it were his purpofeto fhew
" his people that he would throw down the Laws at his pleafure 5 That
" by granting fuch a Toleration, there muft needs follow a difconti-
" nuance of the true Profeffion of the Gofpel, and what could follow
"thereupon, but Gods heavy wrath and indignation both on himfelf
"and all the Kingdom 5 That the Prince was not only the Son of his
"Flefla, butthe Son of his People alfo, and therefore leaves himto
" confider what an errour he had run into, by fending him into Spain
" without the privity of his Council, and confent of his Subjects 5 And
" finally, That though the Princes return might be fafeand profpe-
" rous, yet they that drew him into that dangerous and delperate Acti-
e{ on5wouldnot fcape unpuniflaed. This
ie6 The Life of William
PART I. This was the fubftance of the Letter, whofoever was. the Writer
Anno Vom. of it. Vox Abbot could not befoill a Statefman (having been long a
1625. Privy Counfellour) as not to know4 that he who fitteth at the Helm
v-^^'-V'fcJ muftftecr his courfe according unto wind and weather 5 And that
there was a very great difference betwixt fuch perfonal indigencies,
as the King had granted in that cafe to his Popifh Subjects, and any
fuch Publick Exercife of their Superftitions, as the word Toleration
doth import j and howfoever, that it was a known Maxime in the Arts
of Government, that neceffity over-rules the Law, and that Princes
many times muftacl: for the publick good, in the infringing offome
perfonal and particular rights which the Subjects claim unto them-
felves. Nor couldhebe fo ignorant of the Kings affections as to be-
lieve, that the King did really intend any fuch toleration, though poP
fibly he might be content, on good reafon of State, that the people
fhould be generally perfwadedof it: For well he knew that the King
loved his Soveraignty too well to quit any part thereof to the Tope of
Rome3 and confequently to part with that Supremacy in Ecclefiaftical
matters ("as needs bemuft have done by a Toleration) which he e-
fteemed the fai reft Flower in the Royal Garland. In which relpedr,
Kmgjawes might feem tobe madeupof Cafar and Fowpey^ as impati-
ent of enduring an equal, as of admitting a Superiour in his own Do-
minions. Or had he been a greater ftranger at the Court than can be
imagined, yet could he not be ignorant, that it was the Kings chief
intereft topreferve Religion in the fame date in which he found it 3
and could notfear but that he would Efficiently provide for the fafety
of it. Upon which Premifes, it may be rationally inferred, that Ab-
bot was only the reputed Author of this Baftard Letter, and not the
natural Parent of it.
Nor was the Toleration more feared by the Englifh Proteftants,
than hoped for by the Tapitts here, and prefumcd by the Pope himfelf.
In confidence whereof, he nominated certain Bilhops to all the Epif-
- copal Sees of England to exercife all manner of Jurifdiclion in their fe-
veral and relpe&ive Dioceffes, as his falfe and titular Bifhops did in
the Church of Ireland. The intelligence whereof being given to the
Jefuiteshere mEngland0 who feared nothing more than fuch a thing,
one of them, who formerly had free accefsto the Lord Keeper Willi-
ams0 acquaints him with this mighty fecret 5 aflfuringhim, that he did
it for no other reafon, but becaufe he knew what a great exone-
ration it would give the King, and confequently hew much it would
incenfe him againft theCatholicks. Away with this Intelligence goes
the Lord Keeper to rhe King, who took fire thereat as well as he, and
though it wasfbmewhat late atnight,commanded to go to the spanijb
EmbafTadour, and to require him to fend unto the King his Matter to
takefome courfe that thofe proceedings might be ftopt in the Court
of Rome 5 or otherwife that the Treaty of the Match (hould advance
no further. The Lord Keeper finds the EmbafTadour ready to fend
away his Pacquet, who upon hearing of the news commanded his
Currier to ftay till he had reprefented the whole bufineis in a Letter
to the King his Matter. On the receiving of which Letter, the King
im-
1
Lord ^Archbifbop of Canterbury. 107
imparts the lame to the Topes Nuncio in his Court. Who prefently L I B. II.
fends his idiipatches to the Pope, acquainting him with the great in- AnnoVom.
conveniences and unavoidable dangers of this ncwdefign} which be- 1629.
ingftopt by this device, and the Treaty of the Match ending in a rup- ^-^V^W
turenot long after, the fame Jefuite came again to the Lord Keepers
lodging, and in a fair and focetious manner thanked him mod humbly
for the good office he had done for that Society, for breaking and
bearing offwhichblow all the friends they hadinjtasve could find no
buckler. Which Story as I heard from his Lordfhips own mouth
(with no fmall contentment) fo feemed he to be very well pleated with
the handfomnefs of the trick which was put upon him.
Laud was not Ueeping all this while. It was not poffible that a man
of fuch an Active Spirit fhould be out of work, and he had work e-
nough to do in being the Dukes Agent at the Court. The Marquete
was made Duke of Buckingham, at his being in Spain, to make him
more considerable in the eye of that Court : and this addition to his
honours, was an addition alfo to that envy which was bornagainft
him. Great Favourites have for the mod: part many enemies, fuch as
are carefully intent upon all oceafions which "may be made ufe of to
fupplant them. Which point the Duke had fo well ftudied 3 that
though heknewhimfelf to be a very great Mafter of the Kings affe-
ctions : yet was he apprehenfive of the disadvantages to which this
longabfence would expofe him. It therefore concerned him nearly
to make choiceof fome intelligent and trufty friend, whom hemight
confide in (and he was grown more confident of Laud than of any o-
ther) from whom he might receive advertifement of ail occurrences,
and fuch advice as might be molt agreeable to the complexion of af-
fairs. Nor did it happen ttherwiie than he expected, for long hehad
not been in Spain, when there were many fearings of him in the Court
of England, many ftrange whifperings into the ears of the King con-
cerning the abule of his Royal Favours 5 the general difcontentments
which appeared in the people for the Princes Journey into Spain 3 the
(ad consequents which were feared to enfue upon it in reference to his
Per fon, and the true Religion '•> that the blame of all was by the Peo-
ple laid on the Duke, and that it was fafeft for his Majefty to let it
refhvhere they had laid it.But nothing could bethought more ftrange
unto him, than that the Lord Keeper: Williams, and the Lord Treafurer
Cranficld (houlcl be of Counfel in the Plot, both of them being of his
raifing, and both (in the ftileof Court) his Creatures. Of all which
practices and proceedings Laud gives intelligence to the Duke,! and
receives back again directions in his actings for him. (Pity it is that
none of thefe reciprocal Letters have been found to make up the Ca-
bala, and to enrich the treafures in the Scrinia Sacra) From hence
proceeded the conftancy of affection which the Duke carried to him
for ever, after the Animofity between Laud and Williams? the fall of
Cranfieldfivft, and of Williams afterwards 5 Laud by his diligence and
fidelity overtopping all.
The news of thefe practices in the Court, made the Duke think of '
leaving Spain, where he began to fink in his eftimation^and halting his
P re-
no
The Life of William
PAR.T I. return to £#g/<W, for fear of finking lower here than he did in Spain.
Anno ~D*n> Some clafhings there had been betwixt him and the Conde d'Olivarez,
1623. the Principal Favourite of that King 5 and fome CareJJes were made to
V-*??*WJ him by the Queen of Bohe mi a ^mx'itmg him to be a God-father to one
of her Children. In thefe difquiets and diftradtions he puts the Prince
in mind of the other Game he had to play namely, the Reftitution
of the Palatinate, which the Spaniard would not fufFer to be brought
under the Treaty of the Match 5 referving it ("as they pretended, and
perhaps really intended) to be befrowed by the Infanta after the mar-
riage, the better to ingratiate her felf with the F.ngliJI) Nation. Which
being appoint of too great moment to depend upon no other aflurance
than a Court-complement only, it was concluded by the Prince, That
fince he could not prevail in the one, he would not proceed to the
Confummation of the other. But then it did concern him fo to
provide for his own fafety, that no intimation might be made of
the intended Rupture, till he had unwinded himfelf out of that
Labyrinth into which he was caft : For which caufe having de-
firedof hisFather, that (bme Ships might befentto bring him home,
he (hewed himfelf a more paffionate Lover than ever formerly, be-
llowed upon the Lady Injanta many rich Jewels of rr.ofi inefrimable
value, and made a Proxy to the Catholick King, and Don Charles his
Brother, in his name to Efpoufe the Lady. Which prdxy being made
and executed in due form of Law, on the Fourth of Augufl 1623. was
put into the hands of Digby (on the Fifteenth of September after made
Earl of Briftol) by him to be delivered to the King of Spain within
ten days after the coming of the Dilpenfation from the new Tope Vrban*
which was then every day expected. But no (boner had he took his
leave, and v/asout of danger, but he di(patchJd a Pod unto him, com-
manding him not to deliver up the Proxic until further order: And
having fo done, he hoifed Sails for England.
Arriving at Portfmouth on Sunday the fifth of October, he rides Po#
the next day to London, and after Dinner on the fame day to the
Court at Royjionj his welcom home being celebrated in all places with
Bells and Bonfires, and other accuftomed exprelTions of a Publickjoy.
Being come unto the Court, they acquaint his Majefty with all that
hapned, informing him that no aflurance of regaining the Palatinate
could be had in Spain, though the Match went forwards. His Majefty
thereupon difpatches Letters to the Earl of Brijiol on the eighth of
Oftober, requiring him not to deliver up the Proxie, and fo not to pro-
ceed to the Efpoufals, till the Chritt mafs Holy-days 5 and in the mean
time to prefs that King to a pofitive anfwer, touching the Palatinate.
The expectation whereof not being anfwered by fuccefs, a Parliament
is fummoned to begin on the 1 7th. of February then next following, to
the end that all things might be governed in this great Affair by the
publick Counfcl of the Kingdom. Not long after the beginning
whereof, the Duke declared before both Houfes ("more to the difad-
vantage of the Spaniard than there was juft ground for) how unhand-
fomly they had dealt with the Prince when he was in Spain \ how they
had fed him with delays 3 whatjindignitics they had put upon him 5 and
finally.
Lord^ArcbbiJhop of Canterbury. m
finally, had fent him back, not only without the Palatinate, but with- LIB. II.
out a Wife 5 leaving it to their prudent confederation what courfe to Anno Vom.
follow. It was- thereupon Voted by both Houfes, That his Majefty 1623.
fhould bedefiredto break off all Treaties with the King of Spain, and v^"V^*
to engage himfelf in a War againft him fot the recovery of the Palati-
nate, not othervvife to be obtained. And that they might come the
better to the end they aimed at, they addrefled themfelves unto the
Prince, whom they allured. That they would ftand tohim in that War,
to the very laft expence of their Lives and Fortunes 5 and he according-
ly (being further fet on by the Duke) becametheir inftrument to per-
fwade his Father to hearken to the Common Votes and Defires of his
Subjects, which the King (prefs'd by their continual importunities)
didatthelaft (butwith great unwillingnefs) aflentto: Such was the
conduct of this bufmefs on the part of the Englifi.
Look we next what was done m Spain j and we (hall find in Letters
from the Earl of Brifiol, (r) That as foon as news was come to Spain, fr)Digbyf<j
that King James had [worn the Articles of the Treaty, (which was done .Calvert,
on the 26th. of July J the Lady Infanta by all the Court, with the Appro- Jub 25*
bition of that King, and her own good-liking, was called La Princefla de
Inglaterra} That as fie h, fie gave her fe If the liberty of going publickjy
to fitch Comedies as were prefinted in the Court, (which before was •
not allowable in her .*) f s) That as fich alfo, not only he himfelf {as the ^ ^ qj.,
Kings Embajfidour) was commanded to ferve her but the Duke, and all vert> p£C>
the Engiilh were admitted to kjfs her hands, as her Servants and Vaffals , 28.
That after the Princes departure, there was no thought of anything but of
providing Prefentsfor the King and him, the fetling of the PrinceJJes Fa-
mily, and making Preparations for the Journey on the firs! of March
That thePrincefs alfo had begun to draw the Letters which fie intended to
have written the day of her difpofories to the Prince her Husband, and the
King her Father-in-Law 5 That befides fuch ajj'uranccs as were given
by the Count tf/Olivarez, and other Aiiniflers of that King, the Prin-
cefs had made the bufinefs of /^Palatinate to be her own, and had there'
in rnoji exprefy moved the King her Brother, and written to the Conde of
Olivarez to that effect, and had fet her heart upon the making of her filf
grateful and welcome to the King and Kingdom, by overcoming the dif-
ficulties that appeared in it: In which refpeH it was very truly faid by 2^ #.Tames,
Oigby, in one of his Letters to King James, That it would be held a point otlob. '24.
of great difionourto the Infanta, if the Powers called for by her Friends
fiould be detained on the Princes part 3 and that whofoever haddeferved
ill, fie certainly had deferved neither difrefpeU nor difcomforts. Adde
hereunto. That the Popes Difpenfation coming to the Court of Spain in
the beginning of December, that King caufed Bonfires to be made in
all the parts of his Realms, intending on that day (in fatisfaction of the
Cath which he had made to the Prince J to proceed to the Ffpoufals Hi^-^erk^
with all due folemnity. Which being the true ftate of this affair, as^' r"
far as I am able to look into it, I fhall refer ittothe judgment of the
equal fxeaders, whether this poor Lady were more difionoured and
difcomforted by her own Brother and his Mwiifters, if they meant not
really and effectually to fatisfie all expectations touching either Treaty 3
or by the Englifi, i f they did. P 2 But
uz The Life ©/William"
PAtvT I. But it is now time to leave thefe Foreign Negotiations, and keep
AnnoVom. clofe at home, where we (hall find the Vrielis and Jeff/ites as bufie in
1623. feducingthe people, and the Lay-Papijls as audacious in hearing and
t^**V^J frequenting Maps, as if they had been fortified by a Toleration. But
itpleafed God to put fome Water into their Wine, and abate the fer-
vour of thofe heats,by letting them feel the ftrokes of his heavy hand,
when they look'd not for it. Being aflembled in a fair and capacious
room at Hnnfdon Houfe in BhckcFriers, to hear the Sermon of one
Drury a Jeluite, their numbers were lb great, and their weight fo hea-
vy, that the Floor funk under them. Mod lamentable were the cries
of thofe which fell under that Ruine, 94 of them f of which the
Preacher himfelf was onej being killed out-right 5 mod of the reft
fo miferably brnifed and maimed, that the condition of the dead was
efleemed far happier than that of the living : A matter of great afto-
nifhment to their Party here} and that it mightnot befo abroad,they
thought it good to fhift the Scene, and change the Aftors, publifh-
ingto that end a Pamphlet, which they difperfed in divers parts of
France and Italy, containing a relation of Gods Judgments fliownon
a fort of Protejiant Hereticks,by the fall of an Houfe in St. Andrews Pa-
rifh in Holborn,\n which they were aflembled to hear a Geneva Lecture,
Ottober 26. A. D. 1625. So wickedly wife are thofe of that Genera-
tion, to cheat their own Souls, andabufe their Followers. And yet
the Pamphleteer fays well, That this difafter hapned on the 26th. of
Otfober h for fo it did according to the Old style and account of Eng-
land: But it was on the fifth day of November, according to the New
Style and account of Rome. And this indeed may feem to have fome-
what of Gods Judgment in it. That the intended blowing up of the
Parliament, to the unavoidable deftruction of the King, Prince, Pre-
lates, Peers, and the chiefeft Gentry of the Nation, on the fifth day of
our November, (hould on the fifth day of their own be reconipenced or
retaliated by the finking of a Room in which they met, to the prefent
flaughter of fo many, and the maiming of more.
But leaving them to their ill Fortunes, it was not long before Buck-
ingham found the truth offuch Informations as he had received touch-
ing thofe ill Offices which had been done to him in his abfence, from
fome whom he efteemed his Friends. Hereupon followed an eftrang-
ingof the Dukes Countenance from the Lord Keeper Williams, and
of his from the Bifhop of St. Davids, whom he looked upon as one
that ftoodin the way betwixt him and the Duke: with which the
Duke was not long after made acquainted. But thefe difpleafures
were not only fhewn in offended Countenances, but brake out within
little time into {harp Expoftulations on either fide. The Duke com-
plained to Laud, December 15. That the Lord Keeper had fo ftrangely
forgotten himfelf to him, as he feemed to be dead in his affections 5
and began to entertain fome thoughts of bringing him by a way which
he would not like,toa remembrance of his duty : and on the eleventh
of January the Lord Keeper meets with Land in the Withdrawing
Chamber, and fell into very hot words with him, of which the Duke
hath an account alfb within three days after. But Williams feeing
Lord ^drcbbijhop of Canterbury. nj
— Z
how unable he was to contend at once with Wit and Power, applied LIB. II.
himfelf with fo much diligence to regain the Favour of the Duke, Anno Vom,
that in the beginning of Februarys Reconciliation was made between 1629.
them, the Duke accepting his fubmiffion, and learning from him, That <-^V*VJ
his great Favours unto Laud, were the chief reafons which had
moved him unto that forgetfulneft. And that the benefit of this Re-
conciliation might extend to all who were concerned in the difplea-
fures, Williams engageth to the Duke to be friends with Land, and did
accordingly beftow fome Complements upon him 5 but fuch as had
more ceremony than fubftance in them. From henceforth nothing but
an appearance of fair weather between thefe Great Perfons, though
at laft it brake out again more violently into open ftorms.The wound
was only skinned, not healed 5 and feftred the more dangeroufly, be-
caufe thefecret Rancor of it could not be difcerned. In the mean
t ime Laud was not wanting to himfelf in taking the benefit of this
Truce : Abbot had ftilla Ipite againft him, and vvasrefolvcd to keep
him down as long as he could to which end he had caufed him to be
left out of the High-Commijjion (and Williams was not forward to put
him in) though never a Bifhop that lived about London was left out
but himfelf, and many who lived not there put in: Of which Indig-
nity he complained to the Duke, by his Letter bearing date Nove'mb er
t, 1624. and was remedied in it.
During the heat of thefe Court-combats, the Parliament before-
mentioned was aflembled at Wcjiminfter, on the feventeenth of Febru-
ary 5 upon whofe humble Petition and Advice his Majefty diflblved
the Treaties, and engaged himfelf in a War with Spain : But this he
had no fooner done, when they found into what perplexities they had
plunged themfelves by this Engagement j there being nothing more
derogatory to the Honour and Profperity of a King of England, than
to be caft on the neceffity of calling Parliaments, which rendreth them
obnoxious to the power and pride of each popular fpirit, and makes
them lefs in Reputation both at home and abroad : For firffc they Pe-
titioned him for a Faft, which he alfo granted. They had defired
the like in fome former Parliaments, and. Seffions of Parliaments, as
they had done alfo in Queen Elizabeths time 5 but could never obtain
the fame from either. It was then told them, That there were week-
ly Fafts appointed to be kept by the Laws of the Land, which if they
didobferve, as they ought to do, there would be no need of Solemn
Fafts, to begin their Parliaments. The blame of which Anfwer, in
the Parliament immediately foregoing this, was by the Puritan Facti-
on caft upon the Bi(hops(whoatthe fame time had oppofed fome Pro-
pofition tending to fome Rejiraints on the Lords day, not impofed be-
fore) as men whofe Pride hindred all fuch Religious Humiliations,
and whofe Profanenefs made them Enemies to all Piety. But the King
having now caft himfelf into the arms of his People, had brought him-
felf to a neceffity of y ielding to their defire, and thereby left a fair
President both for them to crave, and hisSucceffor to grant the like :
So that from this time forward, till the laft of Kingcharles, we (hall fee
no Parliament, nor Seffion of Parliament, to begin without them 5
though that King checked fome times at the opportunity. Sbf
H4 The Life of W il.liam
PART h SofarhisMajefty had gone along with them, in yieldmguntotheir
Anno T>om. defiress but he muft go a little further. And therefore, fecondly,
1623. They thought it notenough that rysMajefty had made.? Public^ Dc-
V-^*V^>J clarationfor the real and utter Dijfolktion of the faid Treaties 5 but it mufc
be declared alfo by A& of Parliament, that the faid two Treaties --were by
his Jllajejiy dijfolved: Which gave them fome colour of pretence in
Act of Pari tne f0^ow'llgPar^amenttoc^a^rn a (hare in managing the War (which
A^ii.Jac. ' theDifloIvingof thefe Treaties had occafioned) and of being made
21. c. 34. acquainted with the Enterprife which was thenin hand. But forthis
time they were contented to have engaged the King for the future
War, toward the carrying on of which, and more particularly (as
the Aft expreffeth) -c for the Defence of this Realm of England, the
"fecuringof the Kingdom of Ireland, the affiftance of his Majefties
"Neighbours the States of th^Vnited Provinces, and other his Maje-
cc ftics Friends and Allies, and for the fetting forth of his Royal Navy 5
they granted to him three Subfidies, together with three Fifteenths
and Tenths, to be payed before the tenth of May which fhould be in the
year 1625. Which though it be affirmed in the laid Act to be the
qreateU Aid which ever was granted in Parliament to be levied in fo
port a tinier yet neither was the time fo trior t as it was pretended,
therebeingalmott fifteen months between thedifiblving of the Trea'-
ties, and thelaft. payment of the Monies. Nor did the King get any
thing by it, how great foeverthe faid Aid wasfuppofed to be. For,
thirdly, beforethe King could obtain this Aft, he was fain to gratifie
them with fome others, amonglf. which that entituled, An Atl for the
general quiet of the Subj ell again ft all pretext of Concealments rvhatfo-
ever, was the mod considerable. An Aft of fuch a grand Concern-
ment to the Peace and Happinefs of theSubjeft, and of fuch Difpro-
fittothe King in his Gifts and Graces to his Servants, that it was af-
firmed by Juftice Dodderidge at the Oxon. Affifes next enfuing, That
his Majefty had bought thofe Fifteenths and Subfidies at ten years pur-
chafe. Nor fourthly, did one penny of this Money, fo dearly paid
for, accrue unto his Majefties particular ufe, or was to come into his
Coffers 5 it being ordered in the Aft aforefaid, That the faid Monies,
and every part and parcel of them, fhould be paid to certain Co mmif-
fioners therein nominated 5 and that the laid Commiffioners fhould
ifllie and di fpofe the fame, according as they fhould be warranted by
George Lord Carew, FoulkLord Brooke, and certain other Commiflio-
ners to the number of ten, nominated and appointed for a Council of
War 5 by them to be expended in the Publick Service. And albeit the
Grantofthefaid Fifteenths, Tenths, and Subfidies, might poflibly be the
greateji Aid which had been given in Parliament Eorjd port a time 5 yet
did this greatnefs confift rather in tale than weight, the Subsidy- Books
being grown folow (for thofe of the Fifteenths and Tenths do never
vary) that two entire Subfidies in the time of Queen Elizabeth came to
more than all.
More nobly dealt the Clergy with him in their Convocation , be-
caufe it came into his own Coffers, and without Conditions. For
taking into confederation ("am ongft other motives) the great Expen-
*< ces
Lord lArcbbiJhop of Canterbury.
ces at which his Majefty was then, and was like to be hereafter, as LIB. II.
well for the Gipport of his Royal Eftate, as for the neceflary Defence Anno Vtnu
of this Realm of England, and other hisDominions,whereby was like 1624.
to grow the fafety of Religion both at home and abroad 5 they grant- i-^V^i
cd to him four entire Subfidies, after the rate of 4 s. in every Pound $
which was indeed the greateji Aid that was ever given by Convocation in
fo jhort a. time'-) the SubGdies of the Clergy being fixed and certain,
thofeof the Laity diminithing and decreasing daily. A Burden which
muft needs fall exceeding heavy on many poor Vicars in. the Country,
whofe Benefices are for the moft part of finall yearly value, and yet
rated very high in the Kings Books (according to which they are to be
Taxed J 5 Infomuch as I knew feveral Vicarages, not worth above
80 /• per Annum, which were charged higher than the beft Gentlemen
in the Parifh , whofe yearly Revenues have amounted unto many-
Hundreds. Laud who had fometimes been Vicar of Stamford in Nor-
thamptonfiire (as before is faid) was very companionate of the cafe of
thefe poor men i for whofe eafe he devifed a courfe in this prefent Sef-
lion 5 which being digefted into form, he communicated to the Duke
o£ Buckingham, who very readily promifed to prepare both the King
and Prince for the paffing of it. This done, he imparted it alfoto the
Lord Keeper Williams, and theBifhop of Durham, who look'd upon
it as the beft fer vice which had been done for the Church many years
before, and advifedhimto acquaint the Archbifhop withit: But Ab-
bot either difliking the Defign for the Authors fake, or being an ene-
my to all Counfels which had any Author but himfelf, inftead of fa-
vours returned him frowns 5 asking him, What he had to do to make
any fuit for the Church? And telling him withal, That never any
Bifhop attempted the like at anytime, and that no body would have
done it but himfelf 5 That he had given the Church fuch a wound, in
fpeaking to any Lord of the Laity about it, as he could never make
whole again- And finally, That if the Lord Duke did fully under-
ftand what he had done, he would never endure him to come near
him again. St. David replies very mildly, That he thought he had
done a very ^ood office for the Church, and fo did his betters toov
That if his Grace thought otherwife, he was forry that he had offend-
ed : But hoped that be had done it out of a good mind, and for the
fupportof many poor Vicars abroad in the Country, who muft needs
fink under the payment of fomany Subfidies, and therefore that his
error might be pardonable, if it were an error. Thus fbundly ratled
he departs, and acquaints the Duke with the fuccefs, for fear fome ill
offices might be otherwife done him to the King and Prince. So mife-
rable was the cafe of the poorer Clergy, in living under fuch an High
Triefi, who though he wasfubject to the fame infirmity, was altoge-
ther infenfible of thofe heavy preffures which were laid upon them :
It being his Felicity, but their unhappinefs, that he was never Parfon,
Vicar, nor Curate 5 and therefore the lefs careful or companionate of
their hard condition.
Before the nfing of this Parliament (which was on thetwenty ninth
oFMaj') came out a book of Dr. Whites, entituled, A replj to Jefeitc
Fifhers
ji£ The Life o/William
PAEvT 1. Fifiers Anfwer to certain gueftions propounded by his mod Gracious
AmtVom. Majefty Ring J AMES, (f) The occafion this: His Majefty being
162 4. prefcnt at the fecond Conference betwixt white and Fifier, before-
i^"V^o mentioned, obferved in his deep Judgment how cunning and fubile
rSace^o 'his the Jefuitewas, in eluding fuch Arguments as were brought ngainft
Reply, ire him, and of how little ftrength in particular queftions he was when he
came to the confirmation of his own Tenets. And thereupon it pleafed
him to have nine Queftions of Controverfie propounded to the Jefuite,
that he might in writing mauifeft the Grounds and Arguments where-
upon the Vopijh Faith in thofe Points were builded. Now the nine
points were thefe that follow : I. Fraying to Images. 2. Prayings and
Oblations to the bh'JJed Virgin Mary. 5. Worshipping and Invocation of
Saints and Angels. 4. The Liturgie and private Prayers for the Ignorant
in an unknown tongue. 5. Repetition of I aier-H osiers, Azes, and Creeds ,
especially affixing a kjhd of merit to the number of them. 6. The Do&rine
of Tranfubjlantiation. 7. Communion under one kjnd, and the abetting
of it by Ccncomitancy. 8. Worlds of Supererogation , especially with refe-
rence to the trea furt of the Church. 9. The opinion of Deposing Kings , and
giving an-ay their Kingdoms by Papal poirer , whether directly or in-
directly ? To thefe nine Queftions the Jeluite returned a clofe and well-
wrought Anfwer, the unraveling whereof was by the King committed
to this Dr. White, for his encouragement and reward made one of his
Majefties Chaplains in Ordinary, and Dean of CarUle. This Book
being finifhed at the Prefs about the beginning of April, and forth-
with publifhed to others, was very welcome to moft moderate and
learned men h the rather in regard that the third of thofe Confe-
rences, which was that between Laud and Fifljer , was fubjoyned
to it.
Concerning which the Reader may pleafetocall to mind, that this
Conference had been digefted and read over to the King in theChrift-_
mas Holidays as before is faid. But why it ftaid fo long before it was
publifhed, why publifhed in the name of R. B. (Mr. Richard Bayly')
afterwards President of St. John's Colledg and Dean of sarisbury, be-
ing at that timeone of his Chaplains, and not in his own 3 and finally,
why it came out not as a diftincl: book of it fel£ but as an Appendix un-
to Whites, himfelfis better able to tell usthan any other, andhe tellsit
ft dc thus: (t) "Thecaufe (faith he) why the difcourfe upon this Confi-
d!cat.tot'heC" " rence ftaid fo long before it could endure to be preffed. Itwasnei-
King, 1637. cc ther my idlenefs, nor my unwillingnefs to right both my felf and the
cc caufe againft the Jefuite, which occafioned this delay , For I had then
cCmoft Honourable WitnefTes, and have fome yet living, that this
" difcourfe was finifhed long before I could perfwade my felf to let it
" come into publick view : And this was caufed partly bv reafbn there
cc was about the fame time three Conferences held with FijJjer, of which
cC this was the third ^ and could not therefore conveniently come a-
" broad into the world till the two former were ready to lead the way,
cc which till now they were not. And this is in part the reafon alio
cc why this Traft crept into the end of a larger work} for fince that
"nw*4 contained in a manner thefubftance of all that patted in the
"two
Lord zArchbiJbop of Canterbury. ui
" two former Conference x, and that this third in divers points concur- LIB. II.
"red with them, and depended on them, I could not think it Subfian- Anno Vom*
ct tive enough to ftand alone. But befides this affinity between the 1624.
cz Conferences, I was willing to have it pate, as filently as it might, at v-^N^vj
ccthe end of another work, andfo perhaps little to be looked after,
"becaufe I could not hold it worthy fnorcanl yet) of that great du-
cc ty and fervice which I owe to my dear mother the Church of England.
As for the Reafons why it was publifliedinthename of R.B. Chaplain
to the Bifhop, rather than his own, it neither was his own defire,
(though the Breviate tellethusthatit was) nqr for fear of 'being engaged
thereby againft his friends his Papifis, as is there affirmed. His Rea-
fons, -whatever they were, were propo fid by others, and approved by Au-
thority 3 by which it was thought fit that it fiwuld be fit out in his Chaplains
name, and not hk own. To which he readily fubmitted. But of this
Conference we (hall (peak further, when we come to the defence and
engagements of it, Anno 1637.
The feafonable publifhingof thefe two Books did much conduce to
the advancement of his Majefties Service. The Commons at that time
had been hammering a (harp Remonftrance againft the Papifts, as if
there were no Enemies of the Religion here eftabliftied to be feared
but they. In the Preface to which Petition, they took notice of fo ma-
ny dangers threatned both to the Church and State by the power and
pradtifes of the Papift, as if the King had took no care to preferve the
one or fupprefs the other : Which Petition , being brought to the
Houfe of Lords , was there fo abbreviated , that the Preamble
was quite left out, and the many branches of it reduced to two par-
ticulars : Firft, That all Laws and Statutes, formerly made againft
Jefuites, Seminary Priefts, and other Popifh Recufants, might from
thenceforth be put into execution. Secondly, that he would engage
himfelf by his Royal Word, that upon no occafion of Marriage or
Treaty, or other requeft in that behalf, <&c. he would flacken the ex-
ecution of the Laws againft them. Which Petition, being prefented
tohisMajefty by a Committee of bothHoufes on the tenth of Aprils
after fome deliberation he returned this Anfwer to it, viz. that the
Laws againft Jefuites and PopiJJj Recufitnts fijould be put into due execu-
tion from thenceforth, &c. And it appeared by the coming out of thefe
laid two Books within few days after, that as his Majeftyhad granted
them their delires, in caufing the faid Laws againft Priefts and Jefu-
ites to be duly executed 5 fbhe hadtaken fpecial care, not only to
preferve Religion in her Purity, by confuting the moft material Do-
ctrines of the Church of Rome : but to preferve his people alfo from be-
ing feduced by the practices of the Priefts and Jefuites.
Which nothwithftanding the Commons remaining ftillunfatisfied,
betook themfel ves to the framing of another Petition, in which it was
defired that all fuchperfons as were either Papifts, or fufpedted to be
Papifts, or had not received the Communion within the (pace of one
whole year, or whofe Wives, or any of their Servants were Recu-
fants or fufpedted to be fo, might be removed from all Commiffions
of charge and truft, from being Juftices of the Peace., or bearing any
Ct Office
The Lifeof William
PART I. Office in the Common- wealth. But this Petition was not made rea-
Anno Vom. dy for the Lords till the twentieth of May next following, and being
1624. then reported tothem by the Archbiftiopof Canterbury 0 they did pro-
^\z^>J ceed no further in it. The Commons in the mean time had been
wholly bufied in the Profecution of the Lord Treafurer Crarfidd^
whom at la ft they brought unto his Sentence. A Gentleman he was
by birth, but had his breeding in the City, from whence by his own
witandinduftry he preferred himfelf into the Court, where he was
fir ft made Ma fter of the Wardrobe, afterward Mafter of the Wards,
and finally advanced by the power and favour of the Duke, ( one of
whole Kinfwomen he had married J to the Office of Lord Treafurer,
and the honour of being made thefirft Earl of Middlefex. In this Of-
fice he had difobligcdthePrince,when he was in Spawy bydiflwading
and di verting thofe large fupplies which were required for the main-
taining of his Port in a Foreign Kingdom. And he had difobliged the
Duke, by joyning in fome fecret practices to make him grow lefs and
Jefsin his Majefties Favour. They had both ferved the turn of the
Commons, in drawing the King by their continual importunities to
diflblve the Treaty. And the Commons muft now ferve their turn
in profecutingthismanto his final deftruction : Which they purfuedfo
effectually, that in the end he was fentencedinthe Houfeof Lords
to be deprived of the Office of Lord High Treafurer of England^tobe
fined fifty thoufand Pounds, and remain a Prifoner ' in the Tower du-
ring his Majefties will and pleafure. It was moved alio to degrade
him from all Titles of honour, but in that theBiftiops ftood his Friends
and daihtthe motion.
So Cranfield fell, and Williams did not ftand long after. Land was
now brought into an higher degree of credit with the Duke of Buckj
ingham than he was before, by means whereof he came to be of great
power and authority with him. Infomuch that when the Duke fell
fick of an Ague in the beginning of May, he was extreme impatient
in his Fits till Laudcame to vifit him } by whom he was fo charmed and
fweetned, that at firft he endured his Fits with patience, and by that
patience did fo break their heats and violences, that at laft they left
him. From this time forwards he was not ufed only as a Confeflbr,
but a Counfellor alibi mployed by him, in confidering and advifing
whether the great endowments belonging to the Hofpitals founded in
the diflblved houle of Carthufian Monks (commonly, but corruptly,
called the Charter-Houfe) might not be inverted to the maintenance of
an Army for the prefent Wars, as well for his Majefties advantage, as
the eafeof the Subject. And to this Propofition (as it feemsj here-
turned a Negative, for I find not that the bufinefs advanced any-
further. He liked not any inverfions or alienations of that nature, left
being drawn into example, the Lands of Colledges or Cathedral
Churches might in like manner be employed unto fecular ufes. Be-
fides, he could not choofe but know, that a project had been fet on foot
about ten years before, for the Entituling of the King to all Sutton's
Lands 5 which probably might have fucceeded, if Coke, then being
Lord Chief Juftice, and one of theTruftees for ercftingthe Hoipital,
Lord <iArchbiJhop of Canterbury. up
had not ftood ftoutly to his truft. By which though he got the Kings L I B. II.
difpleafure, yet amongft others he prefervedthe reputation of an ho- AnnoVom.
neftman. Andl^ might very well conclude, that he who durft 1624.
oppofe the King when he was in his favour, would be found more in- ^"V^J
tradable at this time when he was in difgrace ; which rendred him
the lefs lbllicitous to appear in a bufinefs not otherwife approved of
by him : But in another point, which was more to his liking^ and lay
within the fphereofhis activity, he gave him as muchfatisfaction as
ke had defired. This was the giving him the heads of Doctrinal Puri-
tinifm, that is to fay, the Heads of fuch Doctrines as were maintained
by thofe of the Tttriian Faction, though not maintained by them as
Puritan s^bux. as Calvinifis only. The Duke had adefireto know them,
and he ferved him in it. I mud needs fay, the name of DoUrinal Pu-
ritanifm'xs not very ancient, but whether fir(t taken up by the Arch-
bithop of spalato at his being here, I am not able to lay 5 Nor am I of
opinion, that Puritan and Calvinian are terms convetrible. For ^u}[er: Ch.
though all Turitans are Calvinians0'b-jx\\ in doctrine and practice, J °*
yet all Calvinians are not to be counted as Puritans alfo j whofe pra-
ctices many of them abhor, and whofe inconformities they deteft,
though by theerrour of their Education, or ill direction inthecourfe
of their Studies, they may, and do agree with them in fome points of
Doctrine. But I mutt take the word as it ftands in the Breviate, and
folet it go.
Theie Doctrinal heads, being ten in number, related to the indi-
fpenfible morality of theLords-day-Sabbath, the indifcrimination of
BiGiopsand Presbyters, the Power of Soveraign Princes in Ecclefia-
ftical matters, the Doctrine of Confcffion and Sacerdotal Abfolution,
and the five Points fo much difputed, about Prededination an- ! the
Concomitants thereof. Which faft Points having been hotly agita-
ted, for twenty years Iaft paft, in the Bclgicl^ Churches, did now be-
gin to excrcife the Church of England upon this occafion. The
Prieftsand Jefuites having been very bufie of late in gaining Profe-
lites, and fowing their erroneous Doctrines, had got a haunt in a Vil-
lage of the County of Ejjex, called Stanford- Rivers. The Hector of
that Church was Richard Montague, Batchelor of Divinity, Vrebe&djdf ^ p ^
PPtizdfir, andoneof the Fellows of Eaton Colledge:, a man exceed- totheGJ?, '
ingly well verfedin all the Learning of Greeks and Romans, and as ger.
well ftudied in the Fathers, Councils, and all other ancient Monuments
of the Christian Church. Defiroustofree his Parifh from this haunt,
he left fome Proportions at the houfe of one of his Neighbours,
which had been frequently vifitedwith thefe Night-Spirits, with this
Declaration thereunto, that if any of thofe which ranged that walk
could convince him in any of the fame, he would immediately fub-
fcribe and be a Papist. After long expectation, inftead of anfwering
to his Queries, one of them leaves a fhort Pamphlet for him,entituled,
J new Gag for the Old Go/pel, in which it was pretended, that the Do-
ctrine of the Proteftants (hould be confuted out of the very words of
their own Englifh Bibles. This book he was required to anfwer,and
found it no fuch knotty piece,but that it might be cleft in funder, with-
er 2 out
\
no The Life of W i l l i a m
PART I. out Beetle or Wedges. Butin perufingof that Book, hefound, that
Anno Donu befides fome few Do&rines which properly and truly did belong to
1624. the Church of England, there were crouded into it all Points of Cal-
T^fSS-toJ vinifm, fuch Heterodoxies, and out-landifa Fancies, as the Church of
England never owned. And therefore in his Anfwer to that Topijl)
Gagger he fevered or difcriminated the opinions of particular men,
from the Authorized Doctrines of this Church j leaving the one to be
maintained by their private Fautors, and only defending and main-
taining the other. And certainly had he not been a man of a mighty
Spirit, and one that eaiily could contemn the cry and clamours which
were raifed againft him for fo doing, he could not but have funk reme-
diledy under the burden of difgrace, and the fears of tvuine which
that performance drew upon him.
This Book came out about the latter end of December, and coming
out made fuch a general amazement amongft thofe of the Cahinian
Party, that they began to fear the fad confequents of it. The opening
of this fecret was of fuch importance, that if the Author and his Book
were notfpeedily crufhed, they mufr no longer fhroud their private
opinions under the name of the received Doctrine of the Church of
England-, excluded from that Sanctuary, they could find no place of
ftrength and fafety, in which they fhould not be expofed to aliaults
and dangers. And that the Author and the Book might be crufht to-
gether, it was thought fit that Tates and IVard, two of the Lecturers or
Preachers in Ipfrvich, (hould gather out of his Book fome eipecial
Points tending to Fopery and Arminianifm (as they conceived) to be
prefentedto the Cenfureof the following Parliament. Having got
a Copy of the Information intended to be made againft him8 he flies
for refuge to King James, now grown more moderate, and (fince the
death of Montague the lateBifhopof Winton) into a better liking of
thole opinions, which he had laboured to condemn at the Synod of
Dort. His Majefty knew the man, and his great abilities, and was
well pleafed with his performance againft the Hiftory of Tithes 5 where
he had beaten the (then thought) matchlefs selden at his own weap-
on, and (hewed himfelf the greater Philologer of the two : Upon
which ground he looked upon him as the fitteft man to encounters-
ronius, againft whom the right learned C opinion had fome prepara-
tory velitations before his death, but made no further progrefsin it.
Mountaguc, flying to King James, as before is faid, had prefently hi3
difcharge or quietus ejl, as to his Majefties good opinion both of him
( )E ift de- an^ C0tne^00^ ^felf. And morethan fo, his Majefty took notice
dkax.ioAP- l^at t^ie Irformati°n was divulged, and the Clamor violent, and
plloCtfar. therefore gave him leave to make an Appeal from the faid Defamcrs
unto his own moft Sacred Cognizance in publick, and to reprefcnt
his juft defence againft their {landers and falfe furmifes unto the world.
And that the queazinefs of the times might the better brook it, he
gave exprcls order unte Dr. White, then Dean of Carlih, f cryed up
when Ledturer of St. Paul's, for the ftouteft Champion of this Church
againft thofe of Rome") for the authorizing and publifhing thereof,
which was done accordingly. This Book he entituled by the name
of
Lord zArcbbi/hop of Canterbury. m
of AP? ELLO C JES AREM, or a ji.fi APPEAL from twounjufi LIB. II.
IN t ORMERS: But the King dying before it was finifhed at the Anno Vonl
Prcfs, it was prefented to King Charles, in the firft entrance of his 162 4.
Reign, and there we fhall be fure to hear further of it. L^V^J
In the mean time it may not be unneeeffary to enquire what the
faid Informers (Tates and Ward) might and did mean by Popery and
Arminianifm, with which two crimes they charged the Anfwer to the
Gagger. And firft we find upon due fearch, that by Popery they un-
derftood all fuch Points of Doctrine, as being determined by this
Church 5 hold fome correfpondence and agreement with the Do-
ctrines of the Church of Rome 5 or being not determined by this
Church, are left at liberty for every man to pleafe himfelf in his own
opinion, how near foeverhe may come to fuch compliance. Of the
firft fort they reckoned for points of Popery 5 The Doclrine of the Per-
petual Viability of the Church of Chrifi ? The Local Defcent of Chrifi in-
to Hell, The Lawfulnefs of Images, Signing with the Sign of the Crofs,
Confcjjion and Sacerdotal Abfolution, The Real Prefence, The Rewardof
Good IVorkj, The Sacrament of Orders , quarrelling even with very
words, Sacrifice, Altar, and the like : All which upon a perfect. Exa-
mination, will be found to be the genuine Doctrines, and to (peak no-
thing but the Language of the Church of England, as we have punctu-
ally difcovered in our Introduction. Amongft the la ft I reckon the
Difputes concerning Evangelical Counfels, Antichrifi, and Limbus Pa-
trum, of which the Church of Englandhath determined nothing} and
therefore the Appellant was left at liberty to follow his own Judg-
ment, and tochufe what guides he pleafed to direct his Judgment in
thofe particular Debates. Yet fuch was the temper of thofe Times,
that whofoever held any of the Points aforefaid, or any other con-
troverted with the Church of Rome, contrary to the fenfe of Calvin,
muft prefently be accufed of Popery. He that adhered unto the
Tendries of the Antient Fathers, in fuch particulars as the Church
was pleafed to leave undetermined 5 or bound himfelf in matters pub-
lickly refolved on, to vindicate this Church to her genuine Tenents,
was prefently made fubjedt to all thole Clamours and Reproaches,
which the Tongues and Pens of that Predominating Faction could
either raife upon him, or afperle him with. Laud had found good
experience of it when he lived in Oxon. and fo had Houfon and Cor-
bet too, as before was noted. But none of them were able to break
through thofe difficulties, till Mountague took the work in hand , who
being well back'd, and having the Ice fomewhat broke before him,
waded with confidence and courage through the middeft of thofe wa-
ters, which otherwife might have overwhelmed the moft tried Adven-
turer.
In the next placeit willbe no hard work to find what they meant by
Arminianifm'-, under which name they comprehend the Mclantfho-
nian Doctrine of Predefiination, The Vniverfal Redemption of Man-
kind by the Death of Chrifi, The cooperation of the Will of Man with
the Grace of God'-, and, The pofjibility of falling from Grace received:
All which appear by plain and evident proofs in our faid Intro duel ion,
to
Ill
The Life o/William
PAEvT U to have been the true original and native Dc&rines of this Church at
AnmVom. her Firft Reformation. But Calvinifm had fo over-fpread the face of
1624. this Church, by Humphries long fitting in the Chair at Oxon. and the
L^V^>*> difcountenancing of Peter Baro at Cambridge, that the natural Do-
ctrines and Determinations of it were either fo forgotten, that they
were not known, or elfe foover-powred, that none durft undertake
to own them. And fo it Rood till the breaking out of the Tredeftina-
rian Quarrels in the Bclgick^ Churches, between Ar minim and his Fol-
lowers on the one fide, and the Rigid Calviniuns on the other. The
Books which had been written on both fides, being purpofely dif-
perfed abroad, to encourage and encreafe their feveral Parties,
crofs'd over the Seas into England alfo5 where being diligently ftu-
died, either out of curiofity, or defire of knowledge, they awaked
many out of that dead fleep in which they were, to look with betrer
etyes into the true and native Doctrines of this Church, than before
they did. Amongft the firft which publickly appeared that way at
Oxen, after the coming out of thefaid Books, were Land and Houfon,
whom Abbot then Dr. of the Chair, and vice-chancellor alfo, expofed
to as much difgrace as by his place and Power he could lay upon
them. Amongft the firft at Cambridge were Tompfin^ a Dutchmanby
original ("if I be not miftaken in the man) and Richardfon theMafter
of Trinity Colledge. The firft ofthefe had writ a Book touching
Vailing atvay from Grace, entkuled., De inter ci^ione Gratis, & ]Jlfiifi~
cationis '? to which Abbot of Oxon. above-mentioned returned an an-
fwer. The other being a corpulent man, was publickly reproach'd in
St. Maries Pulpit in his own Univerlity, by the name of a Fat-bellied,
Arminian. By that name they were called in Holland, which adhered
not unto Calviris Doctrine, though many had formerly maintained
thefe Opinions in thofe Churches, before van Harmine came to the
Chair of Leyden. And by that name they muft be called in England
alto, though the fame Doctrines had been here publickly Authorized
and Taught before he was born. Sothatthe entitling ofthefe Do-
ctrines to the name of Arminius,(eemsto be like the nominating of the
great Weflern Continent by the name of America'^ of which firft Chri-
jtopher Columbus, and afterward the two Cabots, Father and Son, had
made many great and notable Difcoveries, before Amcricus Vefputius
ever law thofe Shores. Howfoever thefe Doctrines muft be called by
the name of Arminianifm, and by that name Mountague (lands accufed
by the two Informers, though he protefts in his Appeal, that he had
never feen any of the Writings of Arminius'-, and that he did noother-
wife maintain thofe Doctrines, than as they were commended to him
by the Church of England, and juftified by the unanimous confentof
the Antient Fathers. But of this man, and the purfuanee ofthefe
Quarrels, we (hall hear more fhortly.
Thefe matters being thus laid together, let us look back on fome
former Pafiages which preceded Monntagucs Difpures. The Com-
mons had obtained their ends, in dillblving all Treaties with the King
of Spaing but loft their hopes of marrying the Prince to a Lady of
their own Religion. His Majefty would not look beneath a Crown,
to
Lord ^Jrcbbijbop of Canterbury. nj
to find a Marriage for his Son 3 and no Crown could afford him a bet- LIB. If.
ter Wife for his Son, than a Daughter of France. The Prince had Anno Vom\
feen the Lady at the Court in Yark, and the King as muchdefired to 1624,
fee her in the Court of England. Upon this ground the Earl of Holland v-^V^W
is difpatch'd privately into France, to fee how the Queen-Mother and
her Minifters, who then governed the Affairs of that King, would ap-
prove the Match 5 to which at firft they feemed fo chearfully inclined,
that they did not feem to (land upon any Conditions: Butnofooner
had they found, that the Breach between his Majefty and the King
of sp*i* was grown irreparable, and that both fides prepared for
War, but they knew how to make their beft advantage of it. They
thought themfelves to be every way as confiderable as the Spaniards
were 5 and would abate nothing of thofeTerms which had been obtain-
ed by the Spaniards reference either to the Princefs her fe'f,or in fa-
vour of the Englijh Catholicks : And to thefe Terms, when they faw no
better could be gotten, his Majefty and the Prince confented. But fuch
a Spirit of Infatuation was at that time upon the People, thattheywho
on the 23d. of February before had celebrated the difTolving the Trea-
ties w'nhspain with Bells andBonfires,on the 2ift.of November follow-
ing didcelebrate with like Solemnities and Expreffions the like Match
with France. And in this Match (a) Laud\s accufed to have a hand, or ^ . Bidden
at theleaft to have (hewed his good arTedrions to promote it. An j^rus
heavy Crime, and proved by as infallible proofs 5 that is to fay, his
writing to and receiving Letters from the Duke, at fuch time as the
Duke was fentto the Court of France, to attend the new Queen into
England. Andwhatelfe (b) could this Match and thofe Letters aim (h) Ib.6&
at, but to carry on the fame d^Ggn to brine in Popery, and by that
means to ftand their ground, and retain all thofe Priviledges and Im-
munities, which the Popifti party had procured by the former Trea-
ties? To fuch abfurdities are men fway'd, when Prejudice and Pre-
pofleffions over-rule the Balance.
We muft begin the next year with the Death of King James, and 152$;
therefore think it notamifs to take a brief view of the Condition of
the Church and State, at the time of his departing from us. He had
fpentall his life in Peace, but died in the beginning of a War : A War
which had been drawn upon him by diffol ving the Treaties, to which
he was as it were conftrained, by the continual importunity of the
Prince and the Dukeof Buckingham- The Duke knew well, thathe
could not do a more popular aft, than to gratifie the Commons in that
bufinefs} and hadeafily poflefs'd the Prince with this opinion, That as
his future Greatnefsmuft be built on the Love of his People, fo no-
thing could oblige them more, than to be inftrumental in diflolving
the prefent Treaties. But herein they confulted rather their own pri-
vate Paffions, than the publick Inereft of the Crown 5 and they (hall
both pay dear enough for it in a very fhort fpace : For there is nothing
more unfafe for a King of England, than to caft himfelf upon the necef-
fity of calling Parliaments, and depending on the Purfe of the Subject 5
by means whereof he makes himfelf obnoxious to the humour of any
prevailing Member in the Houfe of Commons, and becomes lefs in
Reputa-
- . — — — — — — ■ — — I— ii ii I r i i i i. J
124. The Life of William.
PART I. Reputation both at home and abroad. The Church he left belea-
Amo Vom. guer'd by two great Enemies} aftaulted openly by the Papifi on the
1625. one fide, undermined by the puritans on the other. Oftheaudaciouf-
y^^y^j nefsof the papisis we have fpoke already, abated fomewhat by the
Fall at Blackzfriers, more by the diflolving the two Treaties about
four Months after. For though they made fome ufe of the French by
this new Alliance, yet they refolved to fatten no dependance upon
that Crown} infomuch that many of thofe, who greedily embraced
fuch Favours as were obtained for them by the Treaties with the
King o£ Spain, would not accept the fame when they were procured
by the Match with France, for which being afked the Reafon, they
returned this Anfwer, That they would not change an old Friend for
a new, of the continuance of whofe Favours they Could have no cer-
tainty 5 and who by fuffering Heretic kj in his own Dominions, declar-
ed himfelf no fit Protector for the Catholic!^ Caufe.
More fecret were the Puritans', but nothing the lefs dangerous bc-
caufe more fecret. Finding they could erTecl; nothing in Queen Eliza-
beths time, either by their publick clamours, or their open practices,
they cunningly wrought themfelves into a statc-Fa&ion, and play'd
their Game under the colour of Advancing the Civil Liberties of the
Subject and the piefervation of Religion here by Law eftablifhed :
To which end they continually allarm'd this King with fears and dang-
ers from the Papijis (as before was faid) that all mens eyes being
turned that way, they might carry on their own defigns without dis-
covery. In which they imitated the old fcratagem of fome politick
Captains, who having made great noife, and prepared all things rea-
dy for an AfTault on the one fide of a Town befieged, and thereby
drawn all the ftrength of the Town to make good that fide, fuddenly
caufed it to be fallen upon in another place, which they found deftitute
and unprovided of all defence. But having ferved their Apprentice-
fhips in the Reign of this King, we fhall find them ftrong enough in the
firft Parliament of his Son and Succeffbr, to fet up for themfelves. Hi-
therto they had worked under the ground like Moles or Wants, with-
out being dilcovered 5 but then they began to cafe up the Earth before
them: And having ptepared a Bill for making way to their Lords-
dzy-Sabbath, under colour of fuppreffing unlawful Paftimes and Afc
fembiies, they prelTed that King to it, and obtained it 5 fome further
addition to which Act they procured in his third Parliament alfo.
Yet (till they kept on foot their pretended Zeal againft the Papifts,and
feemed exceeding fenfible of the Dangers which were threatned by
them, not Co much to advance their own Party, then grown ftrong
enough (as they had done formerly) 5 but to make it fcrve them as a
Property to put by the Bufinefsof the King in the Grant of sub (idies,
whenfoever he required it of them.
In this condition of Affairs King James departs this Life at Theobalds,
on Sunday the 27th. of March', his Difeafe no other than an Ague ,
which though it fell on him m the Spring, yet it crofted the Proverb,
and proved not Medicinal, but Mortal. His Character hath been
given by many others, and therefore I may well (pare mine, looking.
upon
Lord^Arcbbifbof of Canterbury.
upon him only m his zeal to the Church., and his affections unto Learn- LI B. If.
ing. His zeal to Unity and Uniformity in the Church, appeared in Anno Venn
England by the Conference at Hampton-Court, A?? no 1603. by his di- 1625.
rectionsfent to the Univerfity of Oxon. 1616. by thole to the Arch-v-^7*v^*
bilhopsand their feveral Suffragans, 1622. In Scotland, by his R.efti-
tution of Epifcopacy, Anno 1610. by the Articles of Perth, 161 8. and
by the Grounds laid for the Publick L 1 tnrgy and Canons, at the AJ-
ffmbly in Aberdeen, Anno 1616. Had he been well followed by hi?
Bifthops, and other Publick Minifters in his feveral Kingdoms, he
would have left the Church eftabliihed onfo fure a Foundation, that
neither fecret Practices could have undermined it, nor open Batteries
have diltrelTed it. His great affections unto Learning do appear as
vifibly, by the encouragement which he gave unto it both in his Pcr-
fon and Example. In the beginning of his Reign, Anno 1603. ne
gracioufly received the Vice-chancellor of Oxon. together with the
Doctors, Proctors, and Heads of Houfes, at his Mannoro? Woodftocky
And within two yearsafter, Anno 1605. heaccepted a Solemn Enter-
tainment from rhem, performed in all manner of ' Scholaftick. Exercifis,
Divinity., Law, Phyhck, and Philofophy 5 in all of which he (hewed
himfelfoffuch great Abilities, that he might have governed in thofe
Chairs, as well as all or any of his three Profellors. Being informed
how fmall and inefficient their oM Salary was, he added to his Pro-
teflbrfor Divinity, and 'his Succefibrsin that place, the next Prebend
of chriff Church, as loon as any fhould be void, and the Rectory of
Evelme in the County of Oxcvi. to the Dr. of the Chair for Law, the
Corps of a good - rebendin the Church of Salisbury-, and to the Pro-
feffors place for Phy lick, the Government of an Hofpital in Evelme a- -
forefaid, bei-i? within ten miles of the Univerfity.
Incoura ^d by which ^Examples, two Mathematick Lectures were v
founded by Sir tknry Savil Provoft of Eaton, and W arden of Merton
Colledge? An Hijiory LecJureby William Cambdcn, one of the Kings
at Anns, by the name of darencieux 5 A Lecture in Natural Philofophy,
by Sir William Sidley Knight and Baronet} In Moral philofophy , by Dr4
Thomas whitetone of the Kefldentiaries of St. Paul's, and Prebend of
Chriff Church '■> All of them of a liberal and large Endowment. After
all which an Anatomy Lecture was fet up by Richard Tomlins of the
City of WcTtmirffcr, as necellary as any of the reft, though not fo plen-
tifully endowed. The poor man catting in his Mite (almoft all he
had) amongft thofe Rich Offerings. But the powerful Influences of
his Learning and Government produce a further operation than the
Inftituting of a few particular Lectures even to the Building and En- »
dowing of fome, and Beautifying of many other Coll edges in that
Univerfity 5 Witnefs that fair and Uniform Colledge, built by Nicho-
las Wadham, and Dorothy his Wife, Anno 16 12. The turning of Broad-
gates Hall into Pembroke Colledge, built and endowed at the Charges
of Thomas Tifdale of Glymton'm the County of Cbaw.appropriated in a
manner to the Free-Grammar-School of Abingdon, Anno 1624. Wit-
nefs the railing of the old Schools to a goodly and magnificent Stru-
cture, the adding of a new Quadrangle unto Merton Colledge by the
R , prudent
n6 The Life o/William
PART I. prudent care of Sir Henry Savilh the reducing of Exeter^ and the
JnnoVom. making up ofjefis Colledge into form Quadrangular, by adding of
1625. a neatChappeland a fair Hall to each 5 of which the Chappelef Jefrs
t^V'W Colledge (*being built together with the Hall, at fuch time as Sir Eu-
bule ihelridl was Principal of it) was Confccrated by the Right Re-
verend Dr. Hottfon then Bilhop ot Oxon. May 28. 1621. The other
built at the fole Charges of Dr. Hackwell Arch-Deacon of Surrey^ re-
ceived Confecration from the fame hands, Otlober^. 1624. And fi-
nally, Witnefs a large and capacious piece of Ground, inclofcd with
a beautiful Quadrangular Wall, for a Phytic ^-Garden, the firft Stone
whereof was laid in a Solemn Aflembly of the whole Univerfity on
St. James his day, July 25. 1622. Not to fay any thing of the great
coft beftowed in beautifying the Quires of chrift-Church and Magda-
lens> the letting up of a fair new Organ in the Chappel of St. Johns
Colledge, by the procurement of our Laud, the then President of it,
Anno 1618. The like fair Organ made and fet upin ChriJI-Church, and
the old one given to St, Maries for the publick ufe of the Univerfity,
about fix years after. Such and fo many Benefaclions in one Univer-
fity, and that too in fo (hort a fpace, as none of the former Times can
parallel, fo let it be the wonder and amazement of all Ages following.
But the King dies, though his Munificence furvive him. It was then
Mi dient- Sunday 1 and the Court-Sermon at Whitehall (according to the
ancient cufrom) in the afternoon : At what time the lad Nevvspaffing
through London^ began to be rumored in the Court, as Laud was going
into the Pulpit to Preach before the Lords of the Council, the Officers
• of the Houfhold. and the reft of that great Concourfe of all forts of
People which ufually repaired thither at thofe Solemn Sermons. Be-
fore he was come to the middle of it, the certainty of the Kings death
(more generally known amongft: them) theconfufion which he faw in
thefacesofall the Company, his own griefs, and the dolorous com-
plaints made by the Duke of Buckingham^ occasioned him to leavethe
Pulpit, and to beftowbis pains and comforts where there was more
need. He did not think (as I believe few wife men do) that the car-
rying on of one particular Sermon was fuch a neceiiary part of Gods
bufmefs) as is not to be intermitted upon any occafion, nor was this
ever charged upon him amongfthis crimes. The fenfe of this great
lofs being fomewhat abated, he was requefted by the Duke to draw
up fome Remembrances, of the Life, Reign, and Government of the
King Deceafed, which he accordingly performed and prefented to
him : But they are but Remembrances or Memorials only, like the firffc
lines of a defign or Pitture, which being polifhed and perfected by a
skilful Workman, might have prefented us with the true and lively
Pourtraiture of that gracious Prince. But who will undertake tofi-
nifh what Laud began? I muff therefore leave the deceafed King to
thofe Memorials, and thofe Memorials to be found in his Breviate, p. 5,
But there was another Pourtraiture provided for that King before his
Funeral. His body being brought from Theobalds unto Sommcrfct-
houfe^ where a Royal and Magnificent Hearfe was erected for him, vi-
fited and reforted to by infinite multitudes of people^ forfbmeWeeks
together.
Lord^ArcbbiJhop df Canterbury. ny
together. From Sommerfct-hcufe his body was carried in great State, L I B. Hi
on ^ter^y thefe vent h of May, to St. Peter's Church in Wcfiwi nfier \ Anno Vom.
where it was folemnly interred. The Funeral Sermon Preached by 162 5.
the Lord Keeper Williams, and Printed not long after by thenameof Utf^V^j
Great Britain* Solomon \ which afterwards adminiftred the occafion of
fome difcourfe, which othenvile might have hcenfpared.
Thusis James dead and buried, but the King furvives, his only Son
Prince Charles being immediately proclaimed King of Great Britain,
France, and Ireland, fir ft at the Court Gates, by Sir Edward Zouch
Knight Marfhal, moft folemnly the next day at London, and afterwards
by degrees in all the Cities and Market Towns of the Kingdom. At
his firft entrance on the Crown he found himfelf ingagedinawar with
the King of Spain, the mightieft Monarch of the Weji, for which he was
to raife great Forces both by Sea and Land. He was alfo at the Point
of Marriage with the Daughter of France, and fome proportionable
preparations muftbe made for that. Nor was King James to be in-
terred without a folemn and magnificent Funeral, anfwerable in the
full height to fo great a Pr;nce. All which muft needs ex aft great
Sums of money, and money was not to be had without the help of a
Parliament, which he therefore gave order to be called in the ufual
manner. But in the middeft of thefe many and great preparations he
forgets not the great bufinefs of the Church. He had obferved the
multitudinoufnefs of his Fathers Chaplains, and the diforder of their
waitings, which puts him on a Refolution of reducing them to a lefler
number, and limiting them to a more certain time of attendance than
before they were. He knew well alfo what an influence the Court
had alwaysonthe Country ^ by confequence how much it did con-
cern him in his future Government that his Officers and Servants (honld
be rightly principled, according to the Do&rine, Government, and
Forms of Woruhip eftabliflbed in the Church of England. And there-
fore that he might be ferved with Orthodox and Regular men, Land
is commanded to prepare a Catalogue of the moft eminent Divines,
and to diftinguifti them by the two Letters of 0 and P. according to
their feveral perfwafions and affecYtons. And that being done, he is prev-
dire&edby the Duke and the Kings appointment to have reeourfe to J* e*
the moft learned Bifhop Andrews, to know of him what he thought * '
fitting to be done in the Caufe of Religion 5 Efpecially in reference to
the fiveArticlescondemnednotlongfinceinthe Synadax. Dort, and to
report his anfwer with convenient fpeed.A Convocation was of courfe
to accompany the enfuing Parliament. And it was fit not only that the
Prelates fbould refolve before-hand what Points they meant to treat
On when they were alTembled, but that his Majefty alfo might have
time toconfiderof them.
Thefe feafonable cares being thus pafled over,he haftens both his own
marriage, and his Fathers Funeral : The firft he folemnized by Proxie
in the Church of Nojire Dame in Paris, on Sunday the firft of May
according to the Style of England. The news whereof being brought
to the Court, on the Wednefday following was celebrated in the
Streets of London3xhQ Liberties aod out-parts of it, with more than or-
R 2 chnary
u8 The Life of William
PART L dinary Expreffions of Joy and Gladnefs. The Proxie made todaud.
Ann»~D*m. Lorain, Duke of chevereux, one of the younger Sons of the Duke
1625. of Cuifih from which houfehis Majefty derived himfelf by hiis great
L^V^W Grand-Mother MaryoF LoraiH,W\fe of James the Fifth. The Funeral
heattended in hisown Perfon,as the principal Mourner : which tliough
it were contrary to the Cuftcm of his Predeceifors, yethechofe ra-
ther to exprefs his piety in attending the dead Body of his Father to
the Funeral Pile, than to ftand upon any fuchold niceties and points
of State. This was the third Funeral which he had attended as the
principal Mourner, which gave fome occafion to prefage that he
would prove a man offorrows, and that his end would carry fome
proportion to thofe mournful beginnings. The Interval before the
coming of his Qjeen he fpentin looking to \\\sNavy, anddrawinghis
Land Forces together for that Summers fervice : But hearing that his
Queen was advancing toward him, he went to Canterbury, and reded
there on Trinity Sunday the twelfth of June. That night he heard
the news of her fife arrival at the Port of Dover, whom he welcomed
the next morning into England with the moft chearful figns of a true
affection. From thence he brought her unto Canterbury, and from
thence by cafie Stages to Gravefend, where entring in their Royal
Barge, attended by infinite companies of all forts of People, and en-
tertained by a continual peal of Ordnance all the way they paffed,
he brought her fafely and contentedly unto his Palace at Wejlminfter.
The Lords and Ladies of the Court having prefentedro her the ac-
knowledgment of their humble duties, fuch Bifhopsas were about the
Town ( as mole of them were, in regard of the Parliament and Con-
vocation) were admitted to the kifs of her .hand, whom (he moft gra-
cioufly received.
For on the Saturday before, being June the eighteenth, the Parlia-
ment had took beginning. Which fell out not unfeafonably, that the
French Lords might fee with what Royal Magnificence he was attend-
ed by the Prelates, Peers, and other Officers of State (befides hisown
Domeftick Servants) to the Parliament Houfe. At their firfc meet-
ing he put them in mind of the War, in which they had engaged his
Father, and of the promife they had made to ftand to him in it with
their lives and fortunes 5 That both his Land and Sea Forces were
now in readinefs to fet forwards «, And, that there wanted nothing but
a prefent fupply of money to quicken and expedite the affair; That
the eyes of all Chriftendom were fixt upon him 5 And that if he mould
mifcarry in his firft attempt, it would blemiffi all the honour of his fu-
ture actions; And therefore, That they fhould endeavour to deliver
him out ofthatWar in which they had incumbred (he hoped it would
never be (aid that they had betrayed) him. In anfwer whereunto,
the Commons paft: a Bill of two Subfidics only, fo fhort of that excefc
five charge which the maintenance of fo great a Fleet and Army re-
quired at their hands, that being diltributed amongft the Officers,
Souldiers, and Mariners, it would fcarce have ferved for Advance-
n/oney to fend them going. Which notwithstanding, he very graci-
ouliy accepted of, taking it as an earneft of their good affection, in
reference
Lord <zA rchbijhop of Canterbury
reference to the greater Sums which were to follow. In order where- L I B. IF
unto he audited his account unto them, as well for fuch moneys as had Anno Vom.
remained undilburfed of the former aids, as for the defraying of fuch 11625.
further Charges as his prefent Fleet, continuing of 1 20 Sail, and a con- L^^sr^j
fiderable-Land Army, muft needs lay upon him. The particulars of
which account ftood thus : viz. 320CO pounds for fecuring of Ire-
land-) 47000 pounds for ftrengthning the Forts} 37000 pounds for
the repair of the Navy 5 99000 pounds upon the four Englilh Regi-
ments in the States Country 5 62006 pounds laid out for Count Manf-
field'-, Total 287000 pounds. Befides whichhefent in a demand of
2000CO pounds and upwards upon the Navy 5 48000 pounds upon
the Ordnance 5 45000 pounds in Charges of the Land men} 20000
pounds a month to Count Mansfield j and 46000 pounds to bring
down the King of Denmark^ the total of which latter Sum amounts
to 339000 pounds. Both Sums make no lefs than 626000 pounds,
to which the Grant of two Subsidies holds but fmall proportion.
But the Commons had other game to follow. Their Grievances
muft firft be heard : A Lift whereof they had prefented to King
JAMES toward the end of the former Parliament 3 of which the
greateft part were ftill unredrefl'ed. To thefe his Majefty vouchfafed
a very gracious, and for themoft part a full and fatisfa&ory Anfwer.
Amongft which Grievances, a fober and difcreet man would not think
to find, that the building of all houfes in London, and the parts ad-
joining, in one uniform way, with a face of brick toward the ftreets,
fhouldbe palled for one, then which there could not be a greater or-
nament to that City5or a greater honour to his Majefties Government.
And to that his Majefty returned this Anfwer: That therehadmuch
good come by fuch a reformation of Building in his Fathers time, and
therefore that he was refolvedto goon with the work. Which Re-
folution fo much tending to thegloryof the Englijl) Nation, and no
objection being ready for his other Anfwers, the matter of Grievances
could no longer be inlifted on ? efpecially in fuch a time when the con-
cernments of the State, his Majefties honour, and all the motives
which induced them to engage him in this prefent War, ought in all
reafonto precede their Grievances, had they been greater then they
were. But then they had fome Religious Grievances, which requi-
red a more fpeedy redreis than any which concerned them in their Ci-
vil Intereiies. The Lords day was pretended to be much profaned
by unlawful paftimes, and People frequently reforted out of their
own Parishes to feaft in Revels. Cf this a remedy is defired by Act
of Parliament. Had any fuch Bill been offered in King James his time,
it would have found a forry welcome } but this King being under a
neceffityof compliance with them, refolvedto grant them their de-
fires in that Particular, to the end that they might grant his alfo in the
aid required, when that obftrudtion was removed. The Sabbatarians
took the benefit ofthis opportunity for the obtaining of this grant (the
firft that ever they obtained by all their ftrugliags) which of what con-
fequenceit was we {hall fee hereafter.
But thenthe Doftrine ofthe Church wasmore in danger then ever.
In
The Life of William
PART L Informer Parliaments they were afraid of the Papifts only : But now
Annt Vom. there was as much danger to be feared from Arminianifm as before
1625. from Popery. An Information had been made by Tates and Ward, as
t-*7*V^>J before is faid, againftfome paffages in Mount agues Anfvver to the Ro-
mijh Gagger 5 and he had aggravated his offence by juftifying all his
Topijfj, anc\ ArmtnianTenewts in a book newly publifhed, called Ap~
pello Ccefirem. It could not be denied, but that this book was Licen-
ced by Dr. White, then Dean of Carl/le, by whom it was affirmed to
bsagreeableto the Publick Faith, Doctrine and Difcipline efcablifh-
edinthe Church of England. But White they faid was now turned
blacky, and what is the Eftablifned Doctrine of the Church of England
compared with Calvins Doctrine in his Institutions} What Trifles
are the Articles of Religion, agreed on by the Bifhops and Clergy,
in twofeveral Synods held in London, compared with the determina-
tions of the Synod of Dort, which Mountague (that bold man} had
defpifed and vilified > This was a matter which became the care of the
Houfe of Commons, and Mountague is cited to appear before them on
the feventh of July. Being brought unto the Bar, the Speaker .de-
clared to him the pleafure of the Houfe , which was , that they
would refer his Cenfure to the next meetings and that in the interim
he fhouldftand committed to the Sergeants Ward 5 and errtred baile
for his appearance to the value of twothoufand pounds. HisMajefty
had prefent notice of this occurrences And being very fenfible of
tretwte this new incroachment, he thereupon caufed intimation to be made
P* ^* unto them, that he was not pleafed with their proceedings againft
Mountague, being one of his Chaplains 5 adding withal that he con-
ceived his Servants to be as capable of protection from all imprifon-
mentsand arrefts, as any of the Servants of the Knights and Burgefles.
It was not long before Laud found an opportunity to give Mountague
notice ofhis Ma jetties great care of him, and affection to him. Which
muft needs be a Sovereign Cordial to the man, notwith (landing that
the Commons were fo ftiffin their Rigors toward him, that his bail-
bond of 2000 pound did remain uncancelled.
Notice hereof being given to Laud, he considered of the fad effect*
and confequents which might follow on it, communicating thofe his
fears to fome other Bifhops : by whom it was thought fit that Mounta-
gue s cute, and not his only, but the cafe of the Church it felf, fhould
be commended to the care and power of the Duke of Buckingham.
According unto which Advice and Refolution, three of them framed
and fignedtheenfuing Letter. But before this Letter was delivered,
Mountague had taken fo much care of himfelf, as to prepare his way
by a Letter of his own, bearing date July 29. In which Letter he firft
laid open the ftateof his cafe, defiring that by his Ma jefties Power he
might be abfolutely freed from thofe who had neither any Autho-
rity over his perfon, as being one of his Majefties Servants; nor over
his Book, as being commanded by his Father, and authorized by
himfelf. Which being faid, he makes this refolute declaration, Tl>at
if he could not really and throughly anjher vchatfoever rsas or could be
imputed to him in any of his Books, he would no further defjre favour and
pr&~
Lord lArcbbijhop of Canterbury. 1^1
protection of his Majefly or his Grace, but willingly would be left unto LIB. If.
the poorer of his Enemies. Which Letter being fent before to prepare Anno Vom.
the way, this of the faid three Bifhops followed within four daies 1625.
after. C^V%^
May it pleafe your Grace,
T T J Rare bold to be Suitors to you in the behalf of the Church of Eng- Cab-p.\^6l
W land, and a poor Member of it, Mr. Mountague, at this time
not a little dislrejfed. We are not grangers to his perfon, but it is the
Caufe which we arc bound to be tender of. The Caufe we conceive ("under
correction of better judgment) concerns the Church of England nearly^
for that Church, when it was reformed from the fuperfiitious opinions
broached or maintained by the Church of Rome, refujedthe apparent and
dangerous Errors, and would not be too bu fie with every particular School-
Point . The caufe why foe held this moderation was, betaufe fi)e could not
be able to preferve any unity among Chrifiians, if men were forced to
fubferibe to curious particulars d/fputed in Schools. Now may it pleafe
your Grace, the opinions which at this time trouble many men in the late
Bcok^of Mr. Mountague, are fome of them fuch as are exprefly the refolved
Do&rine of the Church of England, and thofe he is bound to maintain.
Some of them are fuch as are fit only for Schools, and to be left at more li-
berty for learned men to abound in their own fenfe,y£ they keep them-
felves peaceable, andd/JiratJ not the Church. And therefore to make any
Man fubferibe to School-opinions, may juftly feem hard in the Church
of Chriff, and was one great fault of the Council of Trent. And to af-
fright ti cm from thofe opinions in which they have (as they are bound)
fubferibe I to the Church, as it is worfe in it felffo may it be the Mother
of gre ater danger.
May it pie i fe your Grace farther to confider, That when the Clcrgie fub-
totittedthem 'fives in the time of Henry the Eighth, the fubmijfion wasjd
made^ that if any difference Doctrinal or other fell in the Church, the King
and the Bijhops were to be Judges of it in the National Synod or Convoca-
tion '■) the K.7ng firfi giving leave under his Broad Seal to handle the Points
in difference : But the Church never fubmitted to any other Judge,neither
indeed can fe th ough Jhe would. And we humbly defire your Grace to con-
fider, an d then to move his moft Gracious Majefly (if youflhdl thinly fit)
what dangerous confluences may follow upon it 5 For firji if any other
judge be allowed in matter of Doc~trine,we fljall depart from the Ordinance
of Chrifl, and the continual Courfe and PracJice of the Church. Secondly,
If the Church be once brought down beneath her filf, -we cannot but fear
what may be the next jlroke at it. 1 hirdly, It will fame way touch the ho-
nour of his Maje flies dear Father, and our mofl Dread S over aign of glo-
rious and ever bleffed, memory, King James, who Jaw and approved all the
opinions of this Book} And he in his rare Wifdom and Judgment would
never have allowed them if they had crojfedwith truth and the church of
England. Fourthly, We mufl be bold to fay, that we cannot conceive
what nfe there can be of Civil Government in the Commonwealth, or of
Treadling or External Miniftry in the Church, if fuch fatal opinions, as
fome
i$i The Life of William
PART I. fome which are oppose and contrary to theft delivered by Mr. Mountague
Amu Vom. are, fall be publicly taught and maitttattr&d. Fifthly, 17 e are certain
1625. that all or mofl of the contrary opinions were treated of at Lambeth, and
U^V^J ready to be publifed, but then Queen Elizabeth of fa mons memory, upon
notice given, how little they agreed with the Vrailicc of Piety, and obe-
dience to all Government, caufedthemtobefupprejfed'-, and Jo they have
continued ever finc.c, till of late fome of them have received countenance
at the Synod of Dort. Now this Was a Synod of that Nation, andean be
of no Authority in Any other National Church, till it be received there by
public^ Authority. And our hope is, That the Church of "England will be
well ddvifed.and more than once over, before fe admit a foreign Synod,
cfpecially offtch a Church as condemneth her Difcipline and manner of
Government* to fiy no more.
A::d further we are bold to commend to your Graces Wifdom this One
particular. His Majejly (as ire have been informed^) hath already fallen
this buftnefs into L is own care, and mofi worthily referred it in a right
courft to Church confideration. And we well hoped that without further
trouble to the State, or breach of unity in the Church, it might Jo have been
well ana orderly compo fed, as we fill pray it may. Thef things confidered^
we have tittle to fay for Air. Mountagues perfon : only thus much we know,
He is a very good Scholar, and a right hone ft man : A man every way
able to d.o God^ his Alajejly, and the Church ^/England great ftrvice.
We fear he may receive difcouragement, and (which is far worfe) we have
fome caufe to doubt this may breed a great backwardnefs in able men to
write in the defence of the Church of England, againjt either home or
foreign Adverfaries, if they fall fee him fnk^in I ortunes Reputation, or
health, upon occafion of his Book. And this w e mof humbly, fubmit to your
Graces Judgment, and care of the Churches peace and reel fare'-, So com-
mending your Grace totheVrcteclion of Almighty God,
Wefhall ever reft at Your Graces Service,
Jo. Roffcns. Jo. Oxon. Cuil. Meneven.
After this no more news of Montague in the prcfent Parliament,
Adjourned by his Majefty on the eleventh of July (by reafon of the
Plague) to 0.xw?,there to be re-afiemblcd on the firft of Augufi. Which
time being come, his Majefty puts them again in mind of his preffing
occafions, acquaints them with the neceftity offetting out the Fleet,
then ready for Service 5 Thatthe eyescf his Confederates were fixt
upon him 5 and that they would feparate and diflblve if it did not
fpeedily fet forwards. But then the dangers which they feared from
the growth of Popery, ftood as much in his way, as Montague and the
Grievances had done before. For the fecuring them from all fuch fears,
an humble Petition and Remonftrance muft be firft prepared, which
they framed much after the fame manner with that which had been
offered to King James, in the year 1.62 1. In this they (hewed the
King
Lord tArchbijhop of Canterbury.
Kingthe dangers which were threatned to the Church and State, by L I B. II.
the more than ordinary increafe of Popery 5 and offered him fiich re- Anno Dam.
medics, as they conceived moft likely, to prevent the mifchiefs. And 1625.
unto this Petition they procured the Peers alfo to join with them. t^V^J
But the Ring eafily removed this obftru&ion, by giving them fuch a
full and fatisfaftory anfwer, on thefeventh of Auguft, that they could
notchufe, before their fvifing, which followed within five days after,
but Vote their humble Thanks to be returned unto his Majefty, for
giving fuch a Gracious Anfwer to their faid Petition. This they had
reafon to expedt from his Ma jetties Piety j but then they had another
Game which muft be followed, before the Kings Bufinefs could be
heard. In the two former Parliaments they had fleftYd themfelves,
by removing Bacon from 'the Seal, and Cranfield from the Treafury 1
And fomewhat muft be done this Parliament alfo,for fear of hazarding
fuch a Privikdge by a difiontinuance. Williams came firft into their
eye, whom they looked on as a man not only improper for the Place,
but alfo as not having carried himfelf in it with fuch integrity as he
ihould have done } and him the Lawyers had moft mind to, that they
Might get that Officeonce again into their poffeffion. This Williams
fearing, fo applied himfelf to feme leading Members, that he diverted
them from himfelf to the Duke of Buckingham, as a more noble Prey,
and fitter for fuch mighty Hunters than a filly Prieft. Nor was this
Overture propofed to fuch as were either deaf or tongue-tied 5 for
this great Game was no fooner ftarted, but they followed it with
fuch an Out-cry, that the noife thereof came prefently tohisMaje-
ftics ears 5 who finding by thefe delays and artifices, that there was no
hope of gaining the Supplies defired, on the twelfth of the fame Au-
guft diffolved the Parliament. He may now fee the error he had run
into by his breach with Spain, which put him into a neceffity of ma-
king War, and that neceffity compell'd him to call: himfelf in a man-
ner on the Alms of his People, and to ftand wholly in like manner at
their Devotion.
The Parliament being thus diffolved, his Majefty progreffeth to-
wards the Weft, to (et forward his Navy, and Laud betakes himfelf un-
to his Diocefs, this being the year of his Triennial Visitation. He took
along with him in this Journey fuch Plate and Furniture as he had
provided for his new Chappel at Aberguilly, which he Confecrated on
Sunday Augitft 28. Here he continued, by reafon that the Sicknefs
was hot in London, and not cooled in Oxon. till he was fain to make his
way back again through Ice and Snow, as he writes in his Letters to
the Duke from Wind/or, December 13. At his return he found no
fmall alteration in the Court. The Lord Keeper Williams ftood upoq
no good terms with the Duke in the life of King James'? but he de-
clined more and more in Favour after his deceafe. The Duke had
notice of his pra&ifing againfthimin the laft Parliament, and was re-
folved to do his errand fo effectually to the King his Mafter, that he
ftiouid hold the Seal no longer 3 and he prevailed therein fo far, that
Sir John Suckling, Controller of his Majefties Houfhold, was fent to
him (being then at a Houfe of the Lord s^e^'s in the Parifliof Bray
S neat
134- ¥be Life of William
PART I. near Windfor') to require him to deliver up the Seal to his Majefties
Anno Vam. ufe 5 which being very unwillingly done, theCufcodyof the Great
1625. Seal, on Sunday the fecond of Oclober, wascommitted to Sir Thomas
y^^/^J Coventry his Majefties Atturney General, whom Heath fncceeded in
that place. But my Lord was not gone, though the Keeper was : He
ftill remained Lord Bifhop of Lincoln, and Dean of Weftminjier, hold-
ing frill both his other Dignities and Preferments before recited: So
that he might have lived as plentifully as the greateft, and as conten-
tedly as the beft, had he not thought that the fall was greater from
the top of the Stairs unto the fecond or third Step, than from the fe-
cond or third to theloweft of all. But as he fell, fo Laud afcended:
Ne//his good Friend, then Z?t/Zv?/> of Durham, had fallen fick in the be-
ginning of the Spring, at whofe requeft he was appointed to wait up-
on his Majefty as Clerk of the Clofet '■> in which Service though he con-
tinued not long, yet he made fuch ufe of it, that from that time for-
wards he grew as much into the Kings Favour, as before he had been
in the Dukes 5 becoming as it were his Majefties Secretary for all
Church Concernments.
His Majefty having fet forward his Navy (which fetting out fo
late, could not be like to make any good Return) was not unmindful
of thePromifehe had made in Parliament, in anfwer to the Petition
of the Lords and Commons, concerning the Great dangers threatned
to the Church and State by the Growth of Popery $ to which end he
caufed a Commiffion to be iflucd under the great Seal, for executing
the LawsagainftRecufants, which he commanded to be publilhed in
all the Courts of Juftice at Reading (to which Town the Term was
then removed) that all his Judges and other Minifters of juftice might
take notice of it, as alfo that all his Loving Subje&s might be certified
of hk Princely Care and Charge for the Advancement of true Religion,
and Supprejfion of Popery and Super fliti on'. Which done, he directed
his (a) Letters of the 15th. of December, to his two Archbilhops,
• I ' <i~ %nifying how far he had proceeded, and requiring them in purfuance
gi*'t' 1 v Df jtj cc That no good means be negle&ed on their part for difcover-
" ing, finding out, and apprehending of Jefuites and Seminary Priefts,
" and other Seducers of his People to the Romifj Religion 5 or for
" repreffing PopijJ) Recufants and Delinquents of that fort, againft
u whom they were to proceed by Excommunication, and other Ccn-
" furesof the Church, not omittingjthy other Lawful means to bring
" them forth to publick Juftice. But then withal his Majefty takes
notice of another Enemy, which threatned as much danger to the
Church as the rapifts did : And thereupon he further rcquireth the
faid two Archbilhops, " That a vigilant care be taken with the reft
"of the Clergy, for the rcpreflingof thofe who being illaffccTed to
"the true Religion here eftablifhed, they keep more clofc and fe-
"cret their ill and dangerous affections that way, and as well by their
" example, asbyfecret and under-hand Heights and means, do much
"encourage and encreafe the growth of Popery and Superjlition in
"fundry parts of this Kingdom. And therefore he did not only re-
c- quire that none of them might have any manner of Covert, Prote-
ction,
Lord iA rchbifhof of Canterbury* - v$
Ck cTioo, Countenance, or connivence from them, or any of the reft, as L f B. I :
«cthev tendred his Royal Commandment in that behalf: but that all A', T>m
"poffible diligence be nfed, .as. well to unmask thefalfe fhadows Apd i t , ,-
-"pretences of thofe who may poftibly be won to conformity} letting u^v"^
"all-men know. That he could not think well of any that having
"Place and Authority in the Church, do permit fuch perfons "to pals
c: with impunity f much left if they give them any countenance, "to '
the emboldning them or their adherents.
On the receiving of thefe Letters, Abbot traa&rits the Copies of
item to his feveialsujfragans, and to our Bilhop of St. Davids amongft 7fo£p> 15,
the reft, requiring him to conform therein to his Majefties Pleafure,
and to fee the fame executed in all parts of his Diocefs. On the
r eceipt* whereof , the Bifhop commands hisc/jancellory Arch-Deacons^
and other Ecclefiaftical Officers within his Diocefs of St. Davids^ -
€C That all poffibie care be taken of fuch as are any way backward in
cc Points of Religion, and more efpecially of known and profeffed
<{ Recufants, that they may be carefully prefented, and Proceedings
<chad againft them to Excommunication, according to form and or-
(i der of Law 5 and that there be a true Lift and Catalogue of all fuch
<c as have been 'prefented and proceeded againft, lent to him yearly
te after Eafter, by him to be prefented to the Archbilhop of Canisrbury^
e-c as had been required. No command given unto his Chancellor, and
' other Officers, to look into the Practices and Proceedings of the furi-
tan Faction 5 for which I am able to give no feafon, but that he had re-
ceived no fuch Direction and Command from Arehbifhop Abbot , ,
whofe Letter pointed him no further (it is no hard matter to fay
why J than to the fearching out, prefenting, and Excommunicating
the Popijh Recufants. And in what he commanded, he was obeyed
by his Chancellor, returning to him in June following the names of
fuch Recufants as lived within the Counties of Caermarthen and Tern-
broke, the chief parts of his Diocefs.
The Kings Coronation now draws on, for which Solemnity he
had appointed the Feaft of the Purification of the Bleiled Virgin,
better known by the name of Candlemas day. The Coronations of King
Edward vi. and Queen Elizabeth, had beertperformed according to
' the Rites' and Ceremonies of the Reman Pontificals 5 That at the Coro-
nation of King James had been drawn in hafte., and wanted many things /
which might have beenconfidered of in a time of Leafurc. His JV}a
jefty therefore iflueth a Commiffion to the Arehbifhop of CatiQr-
bury, and certai.2 other Bifhops, whereof Laud was one, to con -
fider of the Form and Order of the Coronation , and toaccoromb- .
date the fame more punctually to the prefent Rules and Orders of the
Church of England. On the fourth of January the Commiffioners
firft met to confult about it 3 and having compared the Form obferv-
ed in the Coronation of King James, with the-publick Rituals, it
was agreed upon amongft them to make fome Alterations, in it, and •
Additions to it. The Alteration in it was, that theUnftion was to be
performed in forma Cruris^ after the manner of a Crols, which was
accordingly done by Abbot when he officiated as ArcJVbifhop of Canter-
1^5 The Life o/William
PART I. bury in the Coronation. ; The Additions in the Form confifted chiefly
Anno ~Dom. in one Prayer or Requeft to him in the behalf of the Clergy, andthe
i 6 2 5. claufeof another Prayer for him to Almighty God f thelaftof which
*u*P*'./m**>> vvas thought to have afcribed too much Power to the King, the firft
to themfelvcs, especially by the advancing of the Bifhops and Clergy-
above the Laity. The Prayer or Requeft which was made to him,
followed after the Vnclion, and was this, viz.
(Sam.'Doom, Stands and bold fajl from henceforth the Place to which you have been
6 f. Heir by the Succeffton of y cur Forefathers, being novo delivered to }oa by
the Authority of Almighty God, and by the hands of us and all the Bp-
jhopi, and. Servants of God: and as you fee the Clergy to come neerer
to the Altar than others, fo remember that in place convenient you give
them greater honour } that the Mediator of God and Man may eflablifl)
j on in the Kingly Throne, to be the Mediator between the Clergy and the
f /a i ty, that you may Reign for ever rcith Jefus Chriji the King of Kings,
at. I Lord of Lords, who rviththe Father and. the Holy Ghofi liveth and
rcigneth for ever. Amen.
The Claufe of that Prayer which was made for him, had been inter-
mitted fincethe time of King Henry vi. and was this that foiloweth
viz,.
HiCt K Ch ^m 0^:l*n fazwttr for the People, like Aaron in the Tabernacle,
Hjiffia in foe Waters, Zacharias in the Temple'-. Give him Peters Key
ofDifipline, andPauh Doctrine.
' Which Claufe had been omitted in times of Popery, as intimating
more Ecclefiaftical Jurifdidrion to be given to our Kings, than the
Popes allowed of 5 and for the fame reafon was now quarrell'd at by
the Puritan Faction.
"It was objected commonly in the time of his falla That in digefting
the form of the Coronation, he altered the Coronation-Oath, mak-
ing it more advantageous to the King, and lefs beneficial to the People
than it had been formerly 5 from which calumny his Majefty cleared
both himfelfand the Bifhop, when they were both involved by com-
monSpeech in the guilt thereof.For the clearer rcrnifeftation of which
truth, I will firft fet down the Oath it felf, as it was taken by the
King 5 and then the Kings Defence for histaking of it 3 Now the Oath
is this. c
The Form of the CORONATION-OATH.
SIR f fays the ArchbiOiop) Will you gr ant ^keep, and by your Oath con-
firm to your People of ENGLAND the Lans and Onflows to them
ColST?. granted by the Kings of ENGLAND, your Lawful and Religious
ijc Fredeceffors\ and namely , the Laws, Cujioms, and Franch/fes grantedto
the Clergy, by the Glorious King St. Edward your YredetefJ&r, accord-
ing to the Laws of God, the true Profejfion of the Gofvel est alii [bed in this
, King-
Lord zJrchhifhopof Canterbury.
Kvtgdov#,and agreeable to the Prerogative of the Kings thereof and the L ] b- If.
Ancient Citjloms of this Land ? Anno Dom.
The Ring Anfwjrs. I grant and pro wife to l{cep them. 162?.
Archbifhoo. $ir9 Will yon l{cep Teace and Godly Agreement entirely
(" according to your Tower) both to God, the Holy Churchy the Clergie, and
the People .«?
Rex. I will keep it.
Archbilhop. Sir, Will you (to your Power") caufc Juflicc, Law, and
Difcretion in Mercy and Truth, to be executed in all your Judgments $
"Rex. I will. <
Archbifhop. Sir, Wi 11 you grant to hold and grant to keep the Laws
and rightful Cufloms which the Commonalty of this your Kingdom have?
and will you defend anduphold them to the honour of God, Jo much as in
you lieth?
Rex. I grant andpromifefo to do.
Then one of the Bifhops reads this Admonition to the King before
the People with a loud voice. Our Lord and King, we befeecb you to
pardon, audio grant, and i 0 prefer 've unto us, and the Churches commit-
ted to our change, all Canonical Priviledges, and due Law and Jatfice ?
and that you would protect and defend us, as every good King in his King-
dom ought to be a Protector and I)efe?tdcr of the Bifhops and the Churches
under their Government.
The King anfwercth. With a willing and devout heart Ipromife and
ant my pardon, and that I will preferve and maintain to you a/id the
Churches cc>K/-:iitcd to your charge, all Canonical Priviledges, and due
Law and Jujiir- 5 and that I will be your Protector and Defender to my
power by the A\jiji 7.nce of God, as every good King ought in his King-
dom, in right to protect and defend the Bifliopsand Churches under their
Government.
The Kingarifeth, and is led to the Communion Table, where he
makes a folemn Cath in light of all the People, to obferve the Prcmi-
fes, and laying his Efana upon the Book, faith. The things which I
have before promijed, I fiall perform and keep3 So help me God, and the
Contents of this Book;
Such was I : o.nation-Onth accuftomably taken by the Kings of
England: Which notwithstanding, it was objected by the Lords and
Common . timedftfte Long Parliament, not to have bsen the
famewhich aught to have been taken by him. And for proof thereof an
antiquated Oath was found, and publithed in a Remonftrance of theirs,
bearing date the twentieth of May 1642. Towhichhis Majefty made
this Anfwer, That the Oath which he took at his Coronation was J^^-'gJ1"
warranted, and enjoyned by theCuftoms of his Predeceffbrs 5 and
that the Ceremony of their and his taking of it they might find in the * * 29°'
Records of the Exchequer. And this it is, <&c.
Now in performing the Solemnities of the Coronation, the Abbot
anciently^ and for more than one hundred years lafrpaft, the Deans
of ' Wejlminfer had a fpecial place. To them belonged the Cuftody
of the old Regalia,\ that is to fay, the Crown, Sword, Scepter,
Spurs,
< saS Tb'p Life of William
« — < 1 • r r- " ; ; ; '
p ArvT I. Spurs, O;^.of King Edward Simamed the Confeffor, kept by them in a fe -
cret place of Wefminfter Abbey, not eafily acceffible tp any, butfuch -
1625- as know thfe m} ftery of it : never brought forth but at the Coronation
y^C^/^J 0f a King, or his going to Parliament. IVilUams the late Lord Keeper
was at this time Dean. But being under the Kings ciifpleafure, vftk ,
commanded to forbear his attendance at the Coronation, and to dc'--1-
. ' puteoneof the Prebends in his place. This put him into lomedifpute .
with himfelf. He had no mind to nominate Laud, being then onebf
the Prebendaries of that Church, becaufe he lookt upon him nV'fe-
Corrival and Stipplantcr in the Dukes good Grace 5 and to have
named any other of a lower order, there being a Bifhop in thenmri-
ber, , would have fubjefted him to fome 'difcourfe and mifconftrucYroWV
He therefore very wifely fent unto his Maieily the names, 'degr ees,
and dignities of all the Prebends, leaving it. unto him alone to make
the'Ts lection 3 who. /hereupon without any hefitancy or deliberation
deputed Laud untothe Service. Laud, being thus nominated and de-
puted, prepared all things ready for that great Solemnity. And find-
'tig the Old Crucifix among the Regalia, he eaufedit to be placed on ,
the Altar, as in. former times. The Coronation being ended, his Ma-!
jefty going in his Robes' to Weftmixfter Hall, did there deliver them to
Laud, ( reprefenting in that Pomp the Dean ot-Weflmivfler) togcthc;
with the Crown, Scepter, and the Sword called Cortena. to be laid up
with the reft of the Regalia, in their old repository 5 which hereceiving
from the King, returned into theAbbey Church,, offered folemnly on
the Altar in hisMajefties name(as by hjs place he was to doj and fo
laid them up. .
Two things there were remarkable in this Coronation, which Teem-
ed to have Something in them of Prefage, senhoufe, who had Been
once his Chaplain, when Prince of Wales, and was now Bifhop of Car-
file, had the honour to Preach upon the day of that great Solemnity.
V An eloquent man he was reputed, and one that could very well ex-
' • prefs a paffion ; but he had chofen fu'ch a Text,, as was more proper
for a Funeral than a Coronation 5 his Text being this, viz,. I will ghs. *
thee a Crown of life, Apec. 2.10. and was rather thought to put the new-
King in mind of his Death than his duty in Government } and to have
been his Funeral Sermon when he was alive, as if he were to have
none when he was. to be buried. It was obferved alfo, that his Maje-
fty on that day was cloathed in White, contrary to the Cuftom of his
Predeceflbrs, who were on that day clad in Purple. And this he did
not out of pny ueceffity, for want of Purple Velvet, enough to make
a Suite, (for he had many yards of it in his outward Garment) bur nt
■ 'his own choice only, to declare that Virgin Purity with which he came
;:U,beeipoufed unto his Kingdom, white (as we know) is thecoiour
ot the Saint's, who are represented to us in white Robes by -Saint" yjshn
in the.tfef^&^H and Fwple is the Imperial and'Regal cotayTo
proper heretofore unto Kings and Ernperoilrs, that many of the^'CV*-
jlantinopoiitan Emperouxs were called VLnphyrogemieih^c'^xS^X their
fifft coming into the world they were wrapt in Ptirpki And 'this
forne looked on alfo as an ill Prefage, t-Hatihe King hying afide his
Purple,
Lord \Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. ijp
Purple, the Robe of Majefty, ihould cloath himfelf in White, the Robe LIB. If.
of innocence $ as if thereby it were fore-fignified, that he (hould deveft Anno Vont.
himfelf of that Regal Majefty which might and would have kept him 1625.
fafe from affront and fcorn, to rely wholly on the i nnocence of a virtu- ^*V^J
ouslife, which did expofe him finally to calamitous mine.
Nofooner were the Pomps of the Coronation ended, but the Se-
cond Parliament began ; at the opening whereof, on Munday thefixth
of February, our Bifhop of St. Davids preacht before his Majefty, the
Lords, &c. in the Abbey-Church. He was appointed to have Preach-
ed in the beginning of the former Parliament, on Saturday the 18th.
of June, but that turn being otherwife fupplyed, he Preached the
fame Sermon the next day before his Majefty at Whitehall, his Text
then, Pfal. 75. 2 j 9. When I pall receive the Congregation, I mill judge
according unto right, &c. But now he chofe for the Theme or Sub-
ject of his difcourfe the 3,4, 5 verfesof the 112. Pfalm, viz. Jerufalem
is like a City that is at unity in it felf &c. In which, considering Jeru-
falemasa. Type of the Church and State, he firft beholds it as a Type
of the State, or Civil Government. Where he considered That Or-
do Politicus, the wife ordering of the people in Concord and Unity was
ffmply the Jirongeji Wall of a state : But breaks Unity once, andfarewel
all Strength. And therefore disjointed Fa&ions in a State when they
rcork^upon Divifton, are Publica ira*divina? incendia, the pnbUck^kjnd- Ser.$.p.io2
lings of Cods Anger, and they burn down all before them. And God fel-
dorn fi'jfers thefe to fire a state till himfelf be heated firjl with the (ins of
the State : But then he will divide them in Jacob and fcatter them in If
rati, Gen. 49. Nay fcatter Jacob and Ifrael it fc If for them. Which
faid in general, he defcended to a more particular application, put-
ting his Auditory in mind of thofe words of Tacitus, cc That nothing pag, I0^s
"gave the Romans ("powerful enemies though they were} more ad-
" vantage againft the ancient Britains than this, $>uod Fa&jonibus &
cCJiudiis trahebantnr 5 That they were broken into Factions, and
"would not fo much as take counfel and advice together , and they
" fmarted for it. But I pray what is the difference for men not to
"meet in counfel, and to fall to pieces when they meet \ If the firft
" were our Fore-fathers errour, God of his mercy grant this fecond
"benotours. And for the Church, that is as the City too, juft fo,
" Dottrine and Difcipline are the Walls and the Towers of it : But be p
" the one never fo true, and the other never fo perfec\they come both I0^'
" (hort of Prefervation, if that body be not at Unity \x\ \tfc\£. The
"Church, take it Catholick, cannot ftand well, if it be not compacted
"together into an holy Unity with Faith and Charity. And as the
" whole Church is in regard of the affairs of Chriftendom, 10 is each
" particular Church in the Nation and Kingdom in which it fojourns.
cc If it be not at Unity in it felf,it doth but invite malice, which is ready:
^c to do hurt without any invitation : and it ever lies with an open fide
" to the Devil and all his batteries. So both Church and State, then
"happy, and never till then, when they are at unity within themfelves,
" and one with another. Well, both State and Church owe much
" to Unity 5 and therefore very little to them that break the peace of
" either.
14.0 The Life o/William
PART I. "either. Father forgive them jheyknorv not what they do. But if unity
Anne Vom* ec be foneceilary, how may it be prefer ved in both ? How ) I will tell
162%. tcyou. Would you keep the State in Vnity ) In any cafctake heed
C^V^ ct of breaking the peace of the Church. The peace of the State de-
" pends much upon it 5 For divide Chrifl: in the minds of men, or di-
F.ioy. e< vide the minds of men about their hopes of Salvation inChrift, and
6C tell me what unity there will be. Let this fuffice fo far as the Church
cc is an ingredient into the unity of the State. But what other things
cs are concurring to the unity of it, the State it felf knows better than
ceI can teach.
This was good Doffritte out of doubt. The Preacher had done his
part in it, but the hearers did not 5 the Parliament not making fuch
nfe of it as they fnould have done. At fuch time as the former Parlia-
ment was adjourned to Oxon, the Divinity School was prepared for
theHoufeof Commons, and a Chair made for the Speaker in or near
the place, in which his Majefties Profeflor for Divinity did ufually t
read his publick Le&urcs, and moderate in all publick Dictations.
And thisfirft put them into conceit, that the determining ofall Point*
and Controverfies in Religion did belong to them. As vihins Rufus
in the Story, having married Tnllics Widow s and bought Cafirs
Chair, conceived that he was then in a way to gain the Eloquence of
the one, and the power of the other. For after that we find no Parlia-
ment without a Committee for Religion, and no Committee for Reli-
gion but what did think it felf fufficiently inftructed to manage the
if greateft Controverfies of Divinity which were brought before them :
And fo it was particularly with the prefent Parliament. The Com-
mons had fcarce fetled themfdvesin their own Houfe, but Monvtagw
muft be called to a new account for the Popery and utoviirniunijm afc
firmed to have been maintained by him in his books. In which Books
if he had defended any thing contrary to the eftablilhed Doftrine of
the Church of England, the Convocation, of the two, was the fitter
Judge. And certainly it might have hapned ill unto him, the King
not being willing to engage too far in thofe Emergencies, (as the cafe
thenftood) if the Commons had not been diverted in purfuitof the
Duke of 'Buckingham 5 which being a more noble game, they laid
this afide, having done nothing in it but raifed a great defire in feveral
Members of both Houfesto give themfelves fome fatisfaftion in thofe
doubtful Points. To which end a Conference was procured by the
Earl of Warwick to beheld at Tork^ Houfe, between Buckeridge Biftiop
of Rochefter, and white Dean of Carlile, on the one fide : Morton then
of Lichfield^ and Trefton then of Lincolns-Inn (of whom more hereaf-
ter) on the other 5 the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of rcmbroke 3
many other Lords, and many other perions of inferiour quality being
prefent at it. 1 o this conference, which was holden on the eleventh
of this February , another was added the next week on the feventeenth.
In which Mount ague a&cd his own part in the place of Buckeridge , the
Concourfe being as great, both for the quality and number of theper-
fons, as had been at the former. And the fuccefs was equal alfc. The
Friends and-Fautors of each fide giving the vi&oryto thofe (as com-
monly
Lord lArcbkiflj f of Canterbury, i^i
raonly it happens in fuch cafes} whofe caufe they favoured. LI B. R.
After this we hear no more of rMoHfi)agtte1 but the paiJingoF fame Anno Vom.
Votes againfb him in the April following i which heats being over, he 1625.
was kept cold till the following Parliament : And then he fhall be call- L^"VNfc*
ed for. in the mean time the King perceiving that the Commons had
took no notice of his own occafions, gave order to Sir Richard Wcjion
(then Chancellcur of his Exchequer) to mind them of it 5 by whom he
reprefented to them the return of the laft years Fleet, and the want
of Mony to fatisfie the Mariners and Souldiers for their Arrears 5 That
he had prepared a new Fleet of forty Sail ready to fet forth;, which/
could not ftir without a prefent fupply of Mony 5 And that without
the like fupply, not only his Armies., which were quartered upon the
Coafts, would difband or mutiny, but that the Forces fent for Ireland
would be apt to rebel} and therefore he defired to know, without
more ado , what prefent fupply he muft depend upon from them,
that accordingly he might (hape his courfe. Thele Proportions be-
ing made, Clem. Coke a younger Son of Sir Edward Coke (who had
fucceffively been Chief Juftice of either Bench) obftrucls the Anfwcr
by this rafb and tmhandfome expreffion, That it vp^ better to dye by a.
Foreign Enemy, than to be dejiroyed at home. Which general words
were by one Turner a Doctor of Phyfick, and then a Member of that
Houfe, , reftrained and applied more particularly to the Duke of Buckr 1
ingham. The Commons well remembred at what Point they were
cut :>ffinthe former Parliament, and carefully watcht all advantages to
re ;hme it in this. They had begun a great clamour againfl: him on the
jStftrcff" Mvrcjh, for (laying a French ship, called the St. Peter of Neiv-
hav:n\ and turner now incites them to a higher diftemper, by fix Que-
ries r.Y (ed-about hi m, that is to fay, c c Firft, Whether the King had not
**!o'ft the Regality of the Narrow Seas fincethe Duke became Admi-
"ral? Secondly, Whether his not going as Admiral in this laft Fleet,
" was not the caufe of the ill fuccefs ? Thirdly., Whether the Kings Re~
" venue hath not been impaired through his immenfe liberality?
"Fourthly, Whether he hath not ingrofled all Offices, and preferred
<c his Kindred to unfit places? Fifthly, Whether he hath not made fale
"of places of Judicature? Sixthly, Whether the Rccufints have not
"dependence on his Mother and Father in Law?
For this days work Coke was feverely reprehended by his Father, j ^ 2 >•
who could not be perfwaded to look upon him for along while after.-
ButTumer, having none whom he ftood in fear of, efcaped not onjy
without a private reprehenfion, but without any publick Cenftire.
His Majcfty thereupon complained by Wejion to the Houfe of C6m-
mons, who were fo far from cenfuring the offence, that they fcemed ra-
ther willing to protect the Offenders. And yet this was not all the af-
front they had done him neither. For feemingwell fatisfied with his
Majefties gracious- Anfwer to their Petition againft Recuftnts, which
they received from him at Oxon in the former Parliament, they now re-
fol ved to fee what execution had been done upon it. And to that end
•they appoint a Committee for Religion, and that Committee fiibfti-
tutesa Sub-Committee j which Sub-Committee were impoweredto"
T fearch
i^x The Life of W i l l i a m
PArvT I. fearch the Signet Office concerning fuch indulgencies as had been
AnnoVom. granted to the Papifts fince the end of that Parliament, and to exa-
1626. mine the Letters of the Secretaries of State, leaving his Majefty no-
t^V^=>J thing free from their difcovcry as to that particular : A point which
never was prefumed on in preceding times. And which feemed worft
of all in the prefent conjuncture, they had voted him three Subsidies,
and three fifteens, but voted them with fuch a clog that they Oiould
not pafsintoa Bill till their Grievances were both heard and anfwer-
ed. Which Grievances what they were both in weight and number,
as it was not known unto themfelves} fo did his Ma jetty look upon
it, not only as a thing dilatory in it felf, but as a baffle put on him and
his proceedings.
Thefe indignities coming thus upon the neck of one another, he
caufed the Lords and Commons to come before him at White-Hall?
March 29. 1626. where flrfr he fignified unto them, by the mouth of
the Lord Keeper, how fenli'ole he was of thofe affronts which were
put upon him, touching upon every one of them in particular, and ag-
gravatingeach of them in their feveral kinds, letting them alio know,
That as he loved his people? fo he regarded his honour 5 and that if he were
fen fblc of his Subjects Grievances? of his own he was fen ((Lie much more.
The Keeper alio had command to tell them in his Majefties Name, That
the Duke had acted i-othingof Public Employment , without his Majcfeies
Special Warrant 5 That he had difcharged his Trusi with abundant both
Care attdlidclriy j Thatfince his return from Spain he had been fedulous
in promoting the Service and Contentment of the Commons Hcitfe? And
therefore? That it was his exprefs Command? That they defife from fuch
Unparliamentary Proceedings? and refign the Reformation of what was
aptifs to his Majefiics Care? Wifdom? and Jufeice. Which Speech be-
ing elided, his Majefty faith as followeth : I muff withal put you in
mind of Times pajt 5 yon may remember my Father? moved by your Coun-
fel? and won by your P' rfevaftons? braise the Treaties : In thefe Perjwafions
I was your Jnjirument towards him 5 and I was glad to be Infer umenial in
any thing which might pleafc the whole Body of this Realm: Nor was
there any in greater j'avcur with you? than this man whom you fo traduce.
And now when you find me fo fure intangled in War? as I have no honour-
able and fife Retreat? you ma^e my Necefezty your Vrivilcdgc? and fet what
rate you pleafe upon your Supplies : A Pratlice not very obliging unto
Kings. Mr. Coke told you? It was better to die by a Foreign Enemy,
than to be deftroyed at home. Indeed I thinks it more honourable for
a King to be invaded and almost defer oyed by a Foreign Enemy? than to
be defpifed at home.
But all this did not edifie with the Houfe of Commons. So little
were they moved with the Eloquence of the one, and the fmart Ex-
prefiions of the other, that both their own Members remained uncen-
fured, and the Profecution of the Duke was followed with more vio-
lence then before it was. But for all this his Majefty and the Duke
might thank thcmftlves. His Majefty had power, in his own hands
to have righted himfelf, according to the practice of Queen Elizabeth?
and others of hij Majefties Royal Predecdlors in the times foregoing.
But
Lord ^Arcbbijhoj) of Canterbury. 14.$
But by complaining in this manner to the Houfe of Commons, he L I B. II.
chofe rather to follow the Example of King James, who in like man- AnnoVom.
nerhad complained of one Piggot, for fome feditious words by him 1626.
fpoken in the Houfe of Commons, Anno 1607. and with like fuccefs. C*7"V^J
He that diverts himfelf of a natural and original Power to right the
injuries which are done him, in hope to find redrefs from others (e-
fpecially from fuchas are parcel guilty of the wrong) may put up all
his gettings in a Seamftrefs Thimble, and yet never fill it. All that
which both Kings effected by it, was but the weakning of their own
Power, and the increafing of the others,, who had now put themfelves
upon this tvefolution, not to fufFer any one of their Members to be
queftioned, till themfelves had confidered of his Crimes. By which
means they kept themfelves clofe together, and emboldened one ano-
ther to ftand it out againft the King to the very laft. And of this Maxint,
as they made ufeinthisprefentParliaraent,intheCafeof Coke^urner^
Diggs, and Eliot (which two laft had been imprifoned by the Kings
Command) fo was it more violently and pertinacioufly infifted on in
the cafe of the Five Members,impeach'd of High Treafon by the Kings
Atturney, January 14. 1641. the miferable efFefts whereof we find too
fenfibly. And as for their profecuting of the Duke, the Commons
might very well pretend, that they had and (hould do nothing in it, for
which as well his Majefty as the Duke himfelf, had not given encou-
ragement. They had both joined together againft Cranfieldmt lute
Lord Treafurer, and to revenge themfelves on him, had turned him
over to the power and malice of his Enemies in the Houfe of Com-
mons. The Commons had ferved their turns on Cranfield, and will
now ferve their own turns on the Duke himfelf,let the King do the beft
he could to preferve him from them. So unfafea thing it is for Princes
to deliver any of their Servants into the hands of their People, and
putting a Power out of themfelves, which they cannot call back again
when it moft concerns them.
Atthefame time the Ear] o£ Briftol, being charged with Treafon by
the Duke,exhibited againft him certain Articles in the Houfe of Peers,
in which he accufed him of the like Crime, in reference to his Actings
in the spanifi bufinefs. This made good fport amongft the Commons
for a time ~ but at laft fearing either the Weaknefs of Brijlol's Charge,
or the infufficiency of his Proofs, they refolved to follow their own
way} and to that end a large Impeachment was drawn up againft him,
and prefented to the Lords on the eighth of Mty3 managed by fix of
the ableft Lawyers in the Houfe, that is to fay, Glanvill, Herbert,
shelden, Vym, Wansford, and sherlandj the Prologue made by Sir
Dudly Diggs, and the Epilogue by Sir John Eliot. The principal
Branches of this Impeachment related to his engroffing of Offices, his
buying the Places of Lord Admiral, and Lord Warden of the Cinque
Torts 5 His not guarding the Seas 5 His ftay of a Ship called the St.
Teter of Newhaven, and of the Eaft-India Fleet , Lending his Majefties"
Ship called the Vantgard to the French King, which the French King
employed againft Rochels his felling of Honours and Offices} procuring
Honours for his Kindred 5 his diminilriing the Revenues of the Crown 5
T 2 and
7 he Life o/William
PART I. and his applying Phyfick to King James in the timeof his Sicknefs.
Anno Vom- To evcrv one ofthefe there was returned in Writing a particular
1626. Anfwer by the Duke himfelf : "And then addreffmg his Difcourfe
v-<?"V^>J cc unto the Peers, he humbly referred it to their Judgment, how full
" of danger and prejudice it was, to give too ready an ear, and too
"eafiea belief unto a Report or Teftimony without Oath, which arc
"not of weight enough to condemn any. With like humility he ac-
knowledged, how eafie a thing it was for him in his younger years,
£Cand unexperienced, to fall into thoufands of Errors, in the(e ten
" years wherein he had the honour to ferve fo great and fo open-
-hearted a Sovereign Matter. But ftill he hoped the fear of God,
" his fincerity in the true Religion ettablifhed in the Church of Eng-
" land (though accompanied with many weaknelTcs and imperfecti-
ccons, which he is not afhamed humbly and heartily to confefsj his
" carcfulnefs not willingly to offend fogood and gracious a Matter,
" and his love and duty to his Country, had reftrained andprefcrved
cc him from running into any hainous mifdemcanours and crimes.
Which faid, and having craved the benefit of two feveral Pardons,the
one granted in the lad: Parliament of King Jawes, the other at the Co-
ronation of King Charles, he added, " That he could not chufe but
" hope fo much in their Lordfhips Juttice and Honour,that they would
" acquit him of and from thofe Mifdcmeanors, Offences, Mifprifions,
"and Crimes wherewith he had been charged; and for his own part,
cc he both hoped and would daily pray, that for the future lie might fo
cc watch over all his Actions, both publick and private, as not to give
" caufe of jutt offence to any perfon.
Ofthefe Proceedings his Majetty was exceeding fenfible : He (aw
himfelf wounded through the Dukes fides ; that his Fathers Favours
and his own were the greateft Crimes of which the Duke had been
impeached 5 and, That their Regal Authority, in bellowing Offices
and Honours on whom theypleafed, was not only queftioned, but
controlled. With which ditturbances being very much perplex <J and
troubled, he receives a Letter written to him from an unknown Per-
fon, in which he firft met with a Recital of the feveral Interetts and
Affections which were united in this Profccution againft the Duke :
and afterthat this Application to himfelf, andhisown Concernments,
Cabal, ccThefe men (faith the Writer of the Letter) either cannot or
cc will not remember, that never any Nobleman in favour with hisSo-
"vcreign, wasquettioncd in Parliament, except by the King himfelf
"incafeof Trcafon, or unlefs it were in the nonage and tumultuary
cctimes of Richard the Second, Hemyvu or Edwardvi. which hapned
" to the dettrucrion both of King and Kingdom. And that not to ex-
cc cecd our own and Fathers Memory, in King Hairy viii. his time,
<clVoJfiys exorbitant Power and Pride, and Cro/mvels contempt of the
"Nobility and the Laws, were not yet permitted to be difcufied
("in Parliament, though they were raoft odious and grievous to all
"the Kingdom : And that Leiceficrs undeferved favour and Faults,
ecHattot;s infufficiency, and Raleighs InfolenCies, far exceeded what
"yet hath been objected againft the Duke 3 yet no Law) crdurtt abet,
^ -. . ... "nor
Lord zArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 145
ccnor any man elfe begin any InveCbves againft them id Parliament. LIB. IF.
And then he adds (fome other Patlages intervening) "That it be- Anno Vom*
"hoves his Majefty to uphold the Duke againft them, whoifhebebut i 62 6.
"difcourted, it will be the Corner-ftone on which the demolifhing of *-^V^?>«
"his Monarchy will be builded : For if they prevail with this, they
" have hatched athoufand other Demands to pull the Feathers of the
"Royalty 5 they will appoint him Counfellors, Servants, Alliances,
cc Limits of his Expences3 Accounts of his Revenue^ chiefly, if they
"can ( as they mainlydefire) they will now dazle him in the begin-
ning of his Reign. nflo~wtruea Prophet this man proved, the event
hath (hewed, and the King faw it well enough ? and therefore fince he
could not divert them from that purfuit, on the 15th of June hedif-
folved the Parliament.
I have been the more punctual and particular in relating thefe Pro-
ceedings of the Commons againft the Duke, by reafonof that Influ-
ence which Laud either had, or is reported to have had, in managing
his Caufe againft them. For firft it is affirmed by the Publifher of this
Bifhops Breviate^ That the Copy of the Kings Speech made in be-
half of the Duke, March 29. was of Lands enditings and, That the greviate
Original Copy thereof under his own hand was given in evidence a- 3
gainfthim at the time of Trial. Secondly, Thathelikewife penned
the Kings Speech to the Houfe of Peers, touching the Duke and the
Commitment of the Earl of Arundel ^ May nth. In which he fpake
concerning the prefervation of the Honour of Noblemen, againfl: the
vile and deteflable Calumnies of thofeof the Lower Houle, by whom
the Duke had been accufed, as before was faid. M oft grievous Crimes
indeed, if they had been true 3 for a Subject to affift his Prince, and a
Servant to be aiding to his Mafter, in penning a fhort fpeech or two,
whenefther the prellure of Affairs, or perplexities of mind mightre-
quire it of him. But for the truth of this there is no proof offered, but
that the Copies of both Speeches (the Original Copies 3 as he calls them) Pa. 8.
were found in the Archbifhops Study, as probably they might have
been in the Studies of many other men, if they had been fearched}
For who can rationally fuppofc, That his Majefty, who was the Ma-
fter of fuch a pure and elegant Style, as he declared himfelf to be in
his Difcourfe with Hendcrfon at Ncrvcaftle, and his Divine Ejjays made
in Prifon, when he could have no other helps but what he found in
himfelf, ftiould ftand in need of the Expreftions of another man in
matters of fo great concernment? Or if it be to be fuppofed, it makes
exceedingly to the honour and commendation of this our Bifhop, as
well in point of Secrecy as unfeigned Fidelity, that his Majefty fhould
pick out him from all other men, to be his Pen-man or Chief Secre-
tary in fuch weighty bufinefles. Then again , it is affirmed, That
he not only corrected and amended the Dukes Anfwer to the Im-
peachment which was made againft him by the Commons, but that
he alfo penned that Speech which the Duke fubjoyned unto his An-
fwer : A Crime of the fame nature, and proved by the fame Medi-
ums as the others were 5 and fuch as rather might have (erved for a
ftrongaffurance both of his honeft Fidelity to his Friend Sc Patron,and
the
The Life o/Willia
M
i o
2 6.
Hift. King
Cbarh$.<j
Cb. Hi*, lib.
Breviate>
PART I. the even temper of his own mind in the managing of it. For if we may
AhhoVoth. believe the Author of the firft Hiftory of the Life and Reign of King
Charles, as I think we may, this Anfwer of the Duke was fo in-laid
wnthModefty and Humility, that it became a new Grievance to his
Adverfaries, and was like to have a powerful influence toward the con-
verfionof many, who expected a defence of another and more dif-
dainful Spirit.
Thus have we brought two Parliaments unto an end 5 but we hear
nothing of the Convocations which were fummoned with them. No-
thing indeed of the firft Convocation, but the parting of a Grant for
three Subsidies, toward the Advancement of his Majefties Service.
In the fecond we find fomethingmore, though no Sublidies are grant-
ed in it. On the fifth Sunday in Lent, Goodmanlhtn Biftrop of Glocejier
Preach5 d before his Majefty, andprefs'd fo hard upon the Point of
the Real Prefence, that he was (iippofed to trench too near the borders
of Popery, which raifeda great clamour both in Court and Country :
The matter of which Sermon was agitated ^/vand con'm the Convoca-
tion* March 29. without determining any thing on either fide. But
his Majefty out of a defire to (atisfie both himielf and his Houfes of
Parliament, touching that particular, referred the confideration of it
to Abbot Archbilhepof Canterbury, Andrews Bifhop of Wivcheflcr, and
Laud Bi(hop of Saint Davids 5 who meeting and confidering of it,
on the twelfth of April, returned this Anfwer to the King j That fomc
things in that Sermon had been fpoke lejs warily, but nothing falfly That
nothing had been innovated by him in the Doctrine of the Church of ^ Eng-
land : But hcwibever, That tkey thought very fit that Goodman f!)oitld
be appointed to Preach again before his Majejiy, for the better explaining
fif his weaning, and fi rming koto and in what Particulars he had been
mijiaken by hit Auditors : Which he accordingly performed. But
nothing was oi iuch concernment to a Convocation, as the caufe of
Mountaghe, vexed andmolefted by the Commons in both the Parlia-
ments, for fuppofed Popery and Arminianifm, matters meerly Doctri-
nal: Andpoffibly it maybe admired, that they ftiould do nothing in
a matter of their own peculiar, having his Majefty to Friend 5 for it
appears in the Letter of the three Biftiops before-mentioned, to the
Duke of Buckingham, That his Majefly had taken that bufmefs into hzs-
own care, and had moji worthily referred it in a right courfe to Church'
consideration. And it appears alio by the Breviate, pag. 8. That on
Sunday, April 22. of this prelent year, his Majefty had commanded
all the Biftiops to come before him, and reprehended fuch as came Cbe-
ing fourteen in numberj for being filent in Caufes which concerned
the Church, and had not made known unto him what might be profi-
table or unprofitable for it, the Caufe whereof he was fo ready to
promote. But then we are to call to mind, that Laud not long fince
had been fent by the Duke of Buckingham to confult with Andrews,
and learn of him what he thought fitting to be done in the Caufe of
the Church, and more efpecially in the Five Articles, fo hotly agita-
ted between the Remonfirants and Contra-Remon fir ants in the Belgicl^
Provinces. And it appears by the event, that Andrews did not hold it
fit
Lord ±Archb?Jhop of Canterbury, 14.7
fit for any thing to be done in thru t articular, as the cafe then ftood 5 L I B. II.
the truth in thole Opinions not being fo generally entertained amongft Anno Vom.
the Clergy, nor the Archbifhop and thegreater part of the Prelates fo 1626.
inclinable to them., as to venture the determining of thofe Points to a ^^V^>
Convocation.
But that which was not thought fit in that prefent Conjuncture for
a Convocation, his Majefty was pleafed to take order in by his Royal
yEdi&. Many Books had been written againft Mountague by Carleton Bi-
fliop of chichejier, sntclife Dean of Exeter, Tates and Roufi 5 by which
the differences were rather increafed than diminifhed. Which coming
tohisMajefties notice, it pleafed him by the advice of his Bifhops, to
fignifie by his Proclamation of June 14. " Not only to his own Peo-
ple, but to all the World, his utter diflikeofall thole, whotofliew
" thefubtilty of their Wits, ortopleafe their own Humours, or vent
"their'own Paffions, eloorfhall adventure toftiror move any new
"Opinions, not only contrary but differing from the found and Or-
" thodoxal Grounds of the true Religion, fincerely ProfefTed and
"happily Eftablifned in the Church of England'-, and alfbto declare
"his full and conftant Refolution, that neither in matter of Doctrine ^ \ -
" nor Difciplineof the Church, nor in the Government of the State, 1^ '
" he will admit of the lead Innovation 5 but by Gods afliilance will fo 3
" guide the Scepter of thefe his Kingdoms and Dominions (by the
" Divine Providence put into his hand) as {ball be for the comfort
cCandafiurance of his fober, Religious, and well-afFected Subjects,and
"forthercpreilingand fevere punifhing of fuch as out ofanyfinifter
"refpects, or disaffection to his Perfon or Government, {ball dare
cx either in Church or State to diftract or difquiet the Peace thereof
"His Majefty thereupon commands all his Subjects (the Clergy molt
c; efpecially) both in England and Ireland, That from thenceforth
" they fhould carry themfelves fo wifely, warily, and confeionably,
"that neither by Writing, Preaching, Printing, Conferences, or o-
" therwife, they raife any doubts, orpublifh or maintain any new In-
dentions orOpinions concerning Religion, than fuchas are clearly
"grounded and warranted by the Doctrine and Difcipline of the
" Church of England heretofore publifhed, and happily eftablifrhed by
"Authority : Straightly charging all Archbiflhops and BiQiops in
cc their fevcral Dioceftes, as alfo Counfellors of State, Judges, and
" Minifters of Juftice, fpecdily to reclaim and reprefs all fuch Spirits
"as fhall adventure hereafter to break this Rule of Sobriety, and
"due Obedience to his Majefty, his Laws, and this Religious Duty
"to the Church of God, or in the leaft degree attempt to violate
" this bond of Peace 5 adding withal this intimation of his Royal
cc Pleaiure, That whofoevcr from thenceforth fhould take the bold-
"nefs wilfully to neglect this his Ma jetties gracious Admonition, and
:c eitherfor the fatisfying of their unquiet and reftlefsSpirits,or for e*>
"preffiug of their raft] and undutiful Infolencies,fhould wilfully break
that Circle of Order, which withou.t apparent danger both to
Church and State may not be broken, his Majefty will proceed a-
gainft them with that feverity as upon due confideration had of
" their
cc
cc
i48
'The Life o/"Willia
M
PART I.
Anno Vom*
i 6 i 6.
Ca) Parrjue
novum for-
tuna videt
concurrere
bellum-, at-
que virum.
Lucan.
cc their Offences and Contempts, they and every one of them fhould
cc deferve, <&c. <
Such was the tenor of his Majefties Proclamation of June 14. And
the effect thereof was this. The Houfe of Commons in purfunrjce
of their Quarrel zgtinft. MounUgues Books, had referred the conllde-
ratioh of it to their Committee for Religion,from whom Pym brought
a Report on the eighteenth of April, concerning Come A; minian and
Vopijh T clients comprifed in them. It was thereupon Voted in that
Houfe, I. That he had dijlurbecl the Peace of the churchy by publi firing
Do&rines contrary to the Articles of the Church of England, and the Loo\
/?jf Homilies. 1. That there are divers Parages in his Book^ (efpecially
again 'ft thofe he callcth Puritans} apt to move Sedition betwixt the King
and his Subjects, and between SubjecJ and Subjeff. 3. That the whole
frame and jfcope of his Books is to dijeourage the well- affected in Religi-
on^ from the true Religion ejlablijlicd in the Church, and to encline thew^
and as much as in him lay, to reconcile them to POPERT. This
gave great animation to the opposite Party, who thought it a high
point ofWifdomto aflault the man whom they perceived to have
been fmittcn with tins terrible Thunder-bolt, and not tolofe the op-
portunity of a Parliament-time (when the Prefs is open to all comers)
for publishing their Books againft him. Some of them we have
named already 5 befides which there appeared fo many in the Lift a-
gainft him, viz,. Goad,featly,Ward,Wotton, Prynne, and Burton? thaithe
Encounter feemed to be betwixt a whole Army and a (ingle Ferfbn.^V)
Laud and fome of thofe Bifhops on the other fide, incouraged by his
Majefties Proclamation, endeavoured to fupprefs thofe Books, which
feemed to have been publifhed in defiance of it, fome of them being
called in, fome ftopped at the Prefs 5 fome Printers queftioned for
Printing, as the Authors were for writing lueh prohibited Pamphlets.
Burton and Prynne amongft the reft were called into the Higk-Com-
mijfion, and at the point to have been cenfured, when a Prohibition
comes from Wejiminjler-Hall to ftay the Proceedings in that Court,
contrary to hisMajefties Will and Pleafure, exprefledfo eleariy and
diftin&ly in the faid Proclamation: Which Prohibition they tendred
to the Court in fo rude a manner, that Land was like to have laid
them by the heels for their labour. From henceforth we muft look
for nothing from both thefe hot-Jpurs butdefireof revenge, a violent
oppoiition againft allPerfons whatfoever, who did not look the fame-
way with them, and whatfoever elfe an ill-governed Zeal could excite
them to.
And now being fallen upon thefe men, it may not be amifs to fay
fomething of them in this place, conlidcringhow much they exercifed
the patience of the Church and State in the Times fuccceding. Bur-
ton had been a Servant in the Clofet to his S.icrect Majefty when he
was Prince of Wales 5 and being once in the Afcendant, prefumed that
heftiould culminatehcfove his time. He took it very ill that he was not
fent as one of the Chaplains into Spain when the Prince was there 5
but worfe that Laud then Bifhop of Saint Davids, (hould execute the
Office of Clerks of the Clofet at fuch time as Bifhop Neil was fick, and he
be
LordtArcbbiJljorf) of Canterbury.
be looked on nootherwife than as an underling dill. Vexed with that LIB. If.
Indignity, as he then conceived it, he puts a fcandalous Paper into the Anm Vonu
hands of the King, for which, and for fome other Infolcnries and racli- 1626.
ous carriage, he was commanded by him to depart the Court 5 into'-^V^*
which being never able to fet foot again, he breathed nothing but
rage and malice againfthis Majefty, the Bilhops, and all that were in
place above him, and fo continued till the lair. 5 it being the cuftom of
allthofe whom the Court cafis out0 to labour by all means they canto
out-cajl the Court. Prynne lived fometimes a Commoner of Or jail
Colledge, and afterwards entredhimfelf a Student in Lincolns-Inn^
where he became a great follower of Prefton, then the Lecturer there :
Some parts of Learning he brought with him, which afterwards he
improved by continual Study 5 and being found to be of an entcrprifing
nature, hot-fpirited, and eager inpurfuitofany thing which was put
into him, he was looked upon by Trejion as the fitteft perfon to venture
upon fuch Exploits, which a more fober and confiderate man durft
not have appeared in. Being once put into the road, it was not poffi-
bleto get him out of it again by threats or punilhments 3 till growing
weary of him felf^ when he had no Enemy in a manner to encounter
with, he began to look up at the laft, and fetled on more moderate and
quiet courfes, becoming in the end a happy f nftrument of Peace both
to Church and State. And now I am fallen on Trejion alio, I (hall add
fomething of him too, as being a man which made much noife in the
World about this time. A man he was (beyond all queftionj of a Ch-Hifi']lh'
Threwd Wit and deep Comprehensions^ an excellent Mafter in the Art IC*
of Insinuation, and one who for a long time fate at the Helm, and
fueared the Courfe of his Party, as one well obferveth. Toward the
latter end of the Reign of Kmgjawes he was brought into the Court
by the Duke of Buckingham, in hope to gain a Party by him: There
he was gazed on for a time, like a new Court-Meteor ; and having fiafh-
ed and blazed a little, went out again, and was forgotten, in cafe he
did not leave, as mod Meteors do, an ill fmell behind him. Much was
he cried up by his Followers in the Univerfity, City, and all places
elfe, as if he might have chofen his own Mitre, and had been as likely
a man as any to have been trufted with the Great Seal in the place of
Williams : But he was not principled for the Court, nor the Court
for him 3 For long he had not been in that School of Policy, but he
found other men as wife and cunning as himfelf, and that he could not
govern there with fuch an abfolute Omni-regency^ as he had done in
the Families of private Gentlemen in moft parts of the Kingdom. N01
was it long before the Duke began to have fome fufpicion of him, as
one not to be trufted in hisMajeftiesService,whenitfeemcdany way
tocrofswith the Turit.m Intereft, which he drove on with fo much
opennefs in the Court, as was not proper for a man of Co famed a cun-
ning. But that which loft him at the laft, was a Letter by him written
to a great Peer of the Evealm, in which he fpake difadvantageoufiy
enough, if not reproachfully of the Court} and fignified withal how
little hope there was of doing any good in that place,for the advance-
ment of the Caufe. Which Letter, or a Copy of it, being unluckily
V dropp'd
150 The Life o/William, &c.
PART I. dropp'd out of his Pocket, was taken up, and forthwith carried to the
Anno Vom. Duke : The (hame and grief of which mifchance, gave him fo much
1626. trouble, that he withdrew by little and little, and at laft betook him-
felf wholly to his old affe&ation of a Popular Greatnefs. By realbn
of his Lectures in Cambridge and Lincolns-Inn^ he was grown power-
ful in the Univerfity,and had gained aftrong Party in the City, but
died about the time that Laud fucceeded Mountain in the See of L071-
don. And it was well for him that he died fo opportunely , Laud was
refolved that there fhould be no more but one Bifliop of that City, and
would have found fome way or other to remove him out of Lincolns-
Inn, to the end he might have no pretence of railing or encreafing
any Faction there, to difturb the Publick. But before Laud fhall come
from St. Davids to London^ he rauft take Bath and Wells in his way, to
which we are now ready to wait upon him.
THE
THE
LIFE
The raoft Reverend FATHER in GOD
WILLIAM
Lord Archbiftiop of Canterbury.
L I B. III.
Extending from hk being made Bi/hop of Bath and Wells till
bis coming to the See of Canterbury.
■ — — : " — •
sarh bus <#t;33trl as^ivi^rc gsifcrtvlvB wv.li tolhoM. bJDLribwi . :jm
IT hapned during the Sitting of the late Parliament, that Doctor Anno 3
Arthur Lake Biihopof and^Z/j-, a man of great Learning i 6
and exemplary Piety, departed this Life } into whofe Place
his Majefty on the twentieth of June nominates our B.ifhop of
St. Davids: In purfuance of which Nomination, his Majefty
on the 26th. of July Signed the . Writ of Conge deflire to the Dean and.
Chapter^ warranting them thereby to proceed to a new Election .5 andr
therewith fent his Letters Miffive (according to the ufual Cu(tom) in
behalf of Laud. OnWednefday, Augufi the 1 6th. they Elect him Bi-
fhop of that See 5 and on September 18. their Election is confirmed in
due form of Law} His Majefty on the morrow after, reftoring the
Temporalties of that Bifhroprick from the time of his PredeceiTors
death. And nowJhe is actually poiTeffed not only of the jurifdiction>:
but of the Rents, Profits, and Emergencies belonging to a Bifhop of
Bath and Wells 5 a double Title, but relating to a fingle Diocefs, and
that Diocefs confined to the County of Somerfet. The Biihops feat
originally at Wells r where it ftili continues, and in reipect whereof
U 2 this
i5i The Life o/William
PART I. this Church is called in fome Writers, Fontanenfis Ecclefia. The (tile
AmoVom. of Bath came in but upon the by. The Church of Wells firft built by.
1626. inn King of the Weft Saxons, Annojo^. and by him dedicated to St.
t^"V"^J Andrew, after endowed by Kenulfe another King of the fame people,
Anno y66. and finally made a Bifhops See in the time of Edward the
elder, Anno 905. The firft that bore that title being Adelmus, before
Abbot of Glajlenbury. The prefent Churchy in place where that of
In* had ftood before, was built moft part of it by Bifhop Robert, the
eighteenth Bimop of this See, but finifhed and perfected by Bifhop 'jo-
celine Sirnamed d' Wellis. Johannes d' Villula^ the lixteenth Bifhop,
having bought the Town of Bath of King Henry the Firft for five hun-
dred Marks, transferred his Seat unto that City 1088. Hence grew a
jar betwixt the Monks of Bath and the Canpns of Wells about the Ele-
ction of the Bifhop. At laft the difference was thus compofed by that
Bifhop Robert, whom before! (pake of, that from thenceforward the
Bifhop fhould be denominated from both 1 places, and the precedency
in the Style fbould be gi ven to Bath that on the vacancy of the See, a
certain number of Delegates from both Churches fhould elect their
prelate, who being elected fhould be inftalled in them both 3 both of
them to be reckoned as the Bifhops Chapter, and all his Grants and Pa-
tents confirmed in both. And fo it ftood until the Reign of King Henry
VIII. at what time the Monaftery of Bath being diflblved, there pal-
fed an Aft of Parliament for the Dean and Chapter of Wells to make one
fotechapterto the Bifhop, 35 Hen. 8. C. 15.
To welcome him to this new honour his Mijefy commanded him
to draw up certain Infiru&ions to be communicated to the Archbi-
Ihops, Bifhops, and the reft of the Clergy of this Realm upon this 00.
cafion. The late Parliament being diflblved without afting any thing
in order to his Majefties Service, he was neceflitated by the urgency
of his affairs to try his Fortune on the Subject in the way of Loan,
which feemed to have fome Regality in it 5 For whereas the Parlia-
ment had pafTed a Bill of three Subfidies and three fifteens, and that
thefaid Parliament was diflblved before the Bill patted into an Aft,
his Majefty was advifed that he had good grounds to require thofe
Subfidies of the Subjects which theHoufe of Commons in their names
had aflented to, and yet not to require them by the name of Subfi-
dies, but only in the way of Loan, till the next Parliament fhould en-
able him to make payment of it, or confirm his levying of thofe mo-
nies by a fubfequent Act. The Sum required to be raifed was 1 7341 1
pound, which was conceived to equal the three Subfidies, which had
been voted for him in the Houfe of Commons, though it never pafled
into an Aft: or otherwife to make up that Sum which the prefent
neceffity of fetting out his Fleet required. He had before pawned
the Plate and Jewels of the Crown, and fold as much Land to the City
of London, ("which would neither lend gratis, nor take thofe Lands
in way of Mortgage^) asbroughtin 120000 pound upon caliepurcha-
fes. All which he was ready to expend, or had before expended on
the publickfafety. But that not being able to make fuch neceflary
provifionsas were required, both tofecure himfelf at home, and fuc-
cour
Lord (tArchbifhoj) of Canterbury. 15 j
cour his Confederates and Allies abroad, he was forced to fall upon LIB. II.
thiscourfe. To which end he iffues out his Letters of Commijjion, AnnoVom.
bearing date the thirteenth of October, directed to certain Lords, 1626.
Knights, and Gentlemen in their feveral Counties. In which they {^m^m<^>
were required to acquaint the People, that his dear Uncle the King of
Denmark was brought into great diftreft 5 That without prefent fuc-
cour the Sound would be loft, his Garrifon in stoa.de broken by the
Emperours Forces, (which then ftraightly befieged it,) the Eajiland
Trade (which maintains our Shipping) and the Staple of Hamborough
(which vents our Cloth) would both be gotten from him As alfo
that the two great Kings of Spain and France, together with the Pope,
were joyned to rout out our Religion 5 That their Admirals, the
Duke of Guije, and Don Frederick^de Toledo, were at that prefent be-
fore Rachel, endeavouring to block it up And that they have ftore
of Land-men ready on the Coalt of Britain, with them and other
Forces to invade us. Upon which grounds they were required by
all plaufibleaud powerful means to perfwadethe People to pay the
Taxes feverally impofed upon them 5 with many other directions tend-
ing to advance the Service.
It was obferved of Queen Elizabeth, that when me had any bufinefs
to bring about amongft the people, (he ufed to tune the Pulpits, as her
faying was 5 that is to fay, to have fome Preachers in and about Lon-
don, and other great Auditories in the Kingdom, ready at command
to cry up her defign, as well in their publick Sermons as their private
Conferences : Which courfe was now thought fit to be followed in
preparing the people toward a dutiful compliance to thefe his Ma je-
tties defires. And to that end Laud received a Command from his
Majefcy by the Duke of Buckingham, to reduce certain inftru&ions in- deviate.
to Form, partly Political, partly Ecclefiastical, in the Caufe of the
King of Denmark not long before beaten, and now much diftrelled
by Count Tilly, to be published in all Parilhes within the Realm. To
this he chearfully conformed, and brought the faid rnftru&ions to the
Duke within two days after, being the fixteenth of September. And
having read them over firft to the Duke, and after to the King him-
felf, he received from both a verv favourable acceptation. On the
next day they were communicated to the Lords of the Council, who
approved them alfo. By whofe advice he fent them to the Archbifhop
of Canterbury, requiring him by his Letters.bearing date September 29.
to fee them publifhed and difperfed in the feveral Dioceffes of his
Province. The like Letters he alfo writ to the Archbifhop of Tor fa ■
And they accordingly gave order to their feveral and refpeclive Suf-
fragans, "To fee them made known to the worthy Preachers and
" Minifters in their Diocefs,and fo far as their Lordfhips might in their
c<ownperfons, to put thefe things in execution, and to call upon the
" Clergy which was under them, in their Preachings and private Con-
ce ferences to ftir up all forts of people to exprefs their Zeal to God,
"their Duty to the King, and their Love unto their Country, and one
"to another^ that all good and Chriftian-like courfe might be
" taken for the prefervation of true Religion both in this Land, and
through
154- Life of W i l l i a m
PART t through all Chriftendom. Now thetenour of the faid Infirutf ions was
Anno Vom. asfolloweth:
162 6<
M0ft Reverend Father in God, right trufty and right well-beloved
Counfellour., We greet you well.
\ k IE have obfervcdthat the Church and the State are fo nearly uni-
Y V ted and kirit together that though they may feem two bodies, yet
} -deed in fume relation they may he accounted hut as one, inafmuch as
they both are made up of the fame men, which are differenced only in rela-
tion to Spiritual or Civil ends. This nearnefs makes the Church call in
the help of the State, to fuccour and Jttpport her, whenfoever fije is prejfed
beyond herjlrength : And the fame nearnefs makes the State call in for the
fervice of the Church, both to teach that duty which her members know not}
and to exhort them to, and encourage them in that duty which they know.
It is not long (incc we ordered the State to frvc the Church, and by a timely
Proclamation fetled the peace of it: And now the state look* for the like
ajjifi mce from the Church, that f)c and all her M'miflers ?nay ferve God
and us, by preaching peace and unity at home, that it may be the better
able to re^.fl Foreign Force uniting and multiplying againfi it. And to
the end that they to whom we have committed the Government of the
Church under us, may be the better able to difpofe of the prefent occafions^
■we have, with the Advice of our Council, thought fit to find unto you theje
Inflruliiors following, to be fent by you to the Biflwps of your Province,
and fitch ethers whom it may concern, and by them and all their Officers
directed to all the Minifiers throughout the fever al Diocefies, that accord-
ing to thefe punUually they may infiruB and exhort the People to ferve
God and w, and labour by their Prayers to divert the dangers which han^
over us. The danger in which we are at this time is great. It is encreafi-
edby the late blow given our good Vncle the King of Denmark, who is the
chief Perfonin thofc parts that oppofedthe fpreading Forces of Spain. If
he cannot fitbfiff, there is little or nothing left to hinder the houfi of A ufh'ia
from being Lord and Mafier of Germany : And that is a large and mighty
Territory, and fitch as fiwuld it be gotten, would make an open way for
Spain to do whatthey pleafed.in all the Wefi part of Chrifiendom. For
hefrdes the great jirength which Germany once pofjeffed would bring to
them , which are too fitrong already , you are to consider firtt how it
enables them by Land, in that it will joynallor the moll part of ^Spa-
niards now diffracted Territories, and be a means for him ftfely and fpee-
dilyto draw down Forces againji any other Kingdom that pall flandin his
way. Nor can it be thought the Low Countries can holdout longer againfl
him if he once become Lord of the upper parts. And fiecondly. You arctet
iveigh how it will advantage him by Sea, and make him firong againfl us
in our particular, which is of caftc apprehenfion to all men. And befides,
if he once get Germany he will be able, though he had no Gold from India,
to fupply the necejfity of thofe Wars, and to hinder all Trade andTraffick. of
the great efi flaple Commodities of this Kingdom, Cloth and Wool, and Jo
ma\e them of little or no value.
Tl'uare to k_now therefore that to prevent th/f: is the prefent eare of the
•" :JO ! ' King
Lord sdrcbbijhop of Canterbury.
i55
King and State, and there is no probable way left but by fending Forces LIB. III.
and other Supplies to the faid King ^/"Denmark our dear Ztncle, to enable Anno Vom*
him to keep the Field> that our Enemies be not Maflers of all on the fud- 1626.
den. Tou are further to take notice how both we and the whole State fiand
bound in Honour andConfcien.ce to fupply theprefent necejfity of the King
ojf Denmark. For this quarrel is more nearly ours, the recovery of the
Ancient Inheritance of our dear Sifter and her Children, ihe King of
Denmark fiands not fo near in blood unto her as we do : Yet for her and
our fakgs that brave and valiant King hath adventured into the field, and
in that ingagement hath not only hazarded his Perfon, but3 as things go
now, it may turn to feme danger to his own Kingdom, and Pofterity,
fljeuld he not receive aid and fuccour from us without delay : Which
ffwuld it happen (as God forbid ) will be one of the greatefi dijhonoursthat
ever this Kingdom was fiained withall. Nor is danger and dijhonour all
the mifchief that is like to follow this difafter 5 For if it be. not prefently
relieved, the Cattfe of Religion is not only likely to fuffer by it in fome one
■part (as it hath already in a fearful manner in the PalatinateJ but in all
places where it hath gotten any footing. So that if we fupply not prefently
our Allies and Confederates in this cafe, it is like to prove the extirpation.
of true Religion, and the re-planting of tvomifh Superftition in all the
neighbouring parts of Chrifiendom. And the coldnefs of this state Jhall
fuffer in all places as the betrayer of that Religion elfewhere, which it pro-
fejfeth and honour eth at home, which will be an imputation never to be
waflied off. And Cod forbid this State flwuld fuffer under it.
Neither may you forget rightly to inform the Feople committed to your
charge, that this Wat* which now grows full of danger, was not entred up-
on rafjly and without advice, but you are to acquaint them, that all former
Treaties by a peaceable way were in the latter end of our dear Father of ever
bleffed memory dijjblved as fruitlefs, and unfit to be longer held on foot 5
And this by the Counfel of both Houfes of Parliament then fitting : fothofe
two great and honourable Bodies of Peers and People reprefentedin parlia-
ment led on this Counfel and courfe to a War with Spain. To ejfe&this,
they defiredour aid and ajfijiance, and ufedus to worl^ our fiid dear Fa-
ther to entertain this courfe. This upon their pevfwafions, and Promifes of
all Ajfijiance and Supply, we readily undertook^ and effected, and cannot
•now be left in that butinefs, but with the (in and fhame of all men. sin^
becaufe aid and fupply for the defence of the Kingdom, and the like Affairs
of State, efpecially fitch as are advifed and ajjumed by Parliamentary Coun-
cil, are due to the King from his People, by all Law both of God and Men :
And fliame, if they for fake the King, while he purfues their own Counfel,
juji and honourable, and which could not under God but have been as
fuccefsful, if it had been followed and fupplyed in time, aswedefiredand
laboured for. One thing there is which proves a great hinder ance of this
State, and not continued among the People, without great offence againfl
God, detriment both to Church and State, and our great differvicein this
and all other Bufwefs. It is breach of Unity, which is grown too-great
and common amongjl all forts of men. The danger of this goes far 5 for
in all States it hath made way for Enemies to enter. We have by all
means endeavoured Vnion^ and require of you to preach it, and Charity
i*>6
The Life o/William
PAfvT I. the Mother of it, frequently in the ears of the People. We know their
Anna Vom. Loyal hearts, and therefore wonder the more ivh.it flwuld caufe diffracted
1616. Ajfetlions. If you call upon them (which is your duty) we doubt not
^"V'^kJ hut that God will hlcfs them with that Love to hiwfelf, to his C Lurch,
and their own Prefcrvation, which alone will be able to bind up the fcat-
terings of divided Ajfe&ions into Strength. To this end you are to lay
before them what Miferies Home-diviitons have brought upon this and
many other Kingdoms, and to exhort oilmen to embrace it in time. The
Danger it felf besides all other Chrijiian and Prudent Motives, is of force
enough (where it is duly considered) to make ?nen joyn in all amity a-
gainfi a common Enemy, a. great and growing Enemy: And to do it in
time, before any fecret and^ cunning working of his may ufe one part in a
division to weaken the other.
Andinthe I aft place (butfirjl ahdlafi and all times to be infifted on)
you are to call upon Cod your fives, and to incite the People to join with
you in humble and hearty Prayers unto God, That he would be pleafed
now, after long afjliction of his dear People and Children, toloo^in mercy
both upon them and us, and in particular for the Safety of the King of
Denmark, and that Army which is left him, That God would blefs and
profper him againji his and our Enemies. Thus you are to firengthen. the
hearts and hopes of our Loyal SubjeUs and People, in andupon God. And
whereas the greateji confidence men have in God, arifeth not only from his
Vromifes, but from their experience likewife of his Goodnefs, youmujlnot
fail often to recall to the memory of the People, with thankfulnefs, the late
great Experience we have had of his Goodnefs towards us: For the three
great and ufual judgments, which he darts down upon difobedicnt and
unthankful People, are Peftilence, Famine, and the Sword. The Pefti-
lence did never rage more in this Kingdom than of lute 5 and God was
gracioufly pleafed in mercy to hear the Prayers which were made unto himy
and the ceafing of the 'judgment was little lefs then a Miracle. The Fa-
mine threatned us this prefent year '■, and it mufl have followed, had God
rained down his Anger a little longer upon the Fruits of the Earth : But
upon cur prayers he flayed that judgment, andfent us a blejfcd Seafcn^and
a moji plentiful Harvefi. The Sword is the thing which we are now t&
look^to 5 and you mutt call the People to their Prayers again, again St that
Enemy, That God will be pleafed to fend the like deliverance from this
judgment alfo That in the fame Mercy he will vouchfaf to firengthen the
hands of his People 3 That he will fliarpen their Sword, but dull and turn
the edge of that which is in our Enemies hands that fo while fome Fight^
others may Pray for the Blejjing. And you are to be careful that you fail not
to diretJ and hearten our Loving People in this and all other ncceffary Ser-
vices, both of God, his Church, and Vs : That we may have the comfort of
our Peoples Service '-> the State, Safety 3 the Church, Religion j and the Peo-
ple, the enjoying of all fitch Blejpngs as follow thefe. And we end with
doublingthis Care upon you, and all under you in their fever a I Places.
Given at our Palace at Weflminjler in the Second year of our
Reign, September q 1.1626.
Such
Lord zArcbbifkop of Canterbury. 157
Such were the Inftru&ions iftued by his Majefties Command., in the LIB. Ilf.
prefent exigent The dexterous performance of which Service, as it Anno Vom*
raifed Laud higher in his Majefties good Opinion of him, than before 1626.
he was : fo was it recompensed with a Place of greater neernefs to him, v^V^i
than before he had. For on that very day which gives date to the
faid Inftru&ions , the moft Learned and Reverend Bifhop Andrews,
Bifhop of Winton, and Dean of his Ma jeftics Chappel-Royal, depart-
ed this Life at his Epijcopal Houfe in Southrvarkj, whofe Funerals were
folemnized in St. Saviours Church on the eleventh day of November
following, Bucfyridge then Bifhop of Rochefter, beftowing his laft du-
ty on him in a Funeral Sermon. A man he was of fuch extraordinary
Abilities, that I fhall rather chufe to exprefs his Character by the Pen
of others, than my own. Thus then fays oiraof our late Hiftorians :
"This year we loft the ftupendioufly profound Prelate Doctor An- flifi.0fK.
" drervs Bifhop of Winchefter, an excellent Dilputant, in the Oriental Ch.&yH-L.
"Tongues furpaffing knowing} fo ftudioufly devoted to the Do- p. 62.
" ctrine of the Ancient Fathers, as his extant Works breathe nothing
"but their Faith} nor can we now read the Fathers, more than we
" fhould have done in his very Afpedt, Gefture, and Actions} fo ve-
nerable in his Prefence, fo grave in his Motions, fo pious in his
"Converfation, fo primitive in all. Another goes a little further,
and tells us of him, "That the World wanted Learningto know how c^ ^ g
ec Learned he was} fo fkill'd in all (efpecialfy Oriental Languages) ' * !z&
" that fome conceive he might ("if then living) almoft have fervedas
tc an Interpreter-General at the Confuflon of Tongues. In his life time
he only publifhed two Books in Latin, viz. His Apologie againft Car-
dinal Bellarmine, and that which he called Tdrtura Torti, in behalf of
King James'-, and a fmall Tract entituled, Deter m'matio Theologica,
dc jure-juran do exigendo , quarto, Printed at London, 1593. And in
Englijl) nothing but a fmall Volume of Sermons, which he acknow-
ledged for hi^ own. The Book of Catechetical Do&rine, publifhed in
his life by others, but without his privity and confent, he always pro-
feflTedly d'favowcd, as containing only fome imperfect Collections,
which had been taken from his mouth by fome ignorant hand, when
he was Reader of the Catechifm Le&ure in Pembroke Hall. But after
his deceafe, ninety fix of his Sermons were collected with great care
and nduftry, publifhed in Print, and dedicated to his Sacred Majefty
by Laud then Bifhop of London , and Buckeridge at that time Bifhop of
Ely^ 1628. For Felton of Ely dying the year before, Buckeridgehzd
been tranflated thither by the Power 8c Favour of that his dear Friend
and quondam Pupil, Curie Dean of Litchfield, and one of the Redden-
tiaries of Salisbury, (ucceeding after his Tranflation in the See of Rd-
chejier. By the fame hands fome other Pieces of his, both in Englijl)
ana Latin, were very carefully drawn together, and publifhed with
the like dedication to his Sacred Majefty, Anno 1629. He that defires
to hear more of him, let him firft confult the Funeral Sermon before
mentioned, extant at the end of the great Volume of his Sermons} and
afterwards perufe his Epitaph in the Church of St. Maries Over-rhe,
ffanfcribed in stows Survey of London of the laft Edition. After his
X death
158 The Life of W 1 l l i a m
PART I. death the See of Winton was kept vacant till the latter end of the year
Anno Vom. next following* the profits of it being in the mean time taken up for
1626. his Majeftiesufe, and anfwered into the Exchequer, according to an
l^V"^ ancient Cuftom (but more old than commendable) ufed frequently
by the Kings of England, fince the time of William firnamed Rufus;
from whom it is faid to have took beginning.
But the Deanry of the Chappel had not been void above nine days,
when Laud was nominated to it, and was a&ually admitted into that
Office on the fixth day of October following, by rhilip Earl of Mont-
gomery Lord Chamberlain of his Majefties Houlhold, before whom
he took the ufual and appointed Oath. He had before obferved a
Cuftom (as ill though not fo old as the other J ufed in the Court fince
the firft entrance of Ring James. The Cuftom was, that at what part
foever of the Publick Prayers the King came into hisClofet (which
looked into the Chappel) to hear the Sermon, the Divine Service
was cut off, and the Anthem fling, that the Preacher might go into the
Pulpit. This the new Dean difliked, as he had good reafon, and
thereupon humbly moved his Majefty, that he would be prefent at the
Liturgy, as well as the Sermon every Lords day 5 and that at whatfo-
ever part of Prayers he came, thePrieft who Miniftredfhould proceed
to the end of the Service: To which his Majefty moft readily and
religioufiy condefcended, and gave him thanks for that his fcafonable
and pious motion. As for the Deanry of the Chappel, it was of long
ftandingin the Court, but had been difcontinued from the death of
Dr. George Carew Dean of Windfor, (the Father of George Lord Carew
of Chpton, and Earl of Totnefs) Anno 1572. till King James his coming
to this Crown, at what time Bancroft, then Bifhop of London, con-
ceiving into what dangers the Church waslike to run, by the multitude
of Scots about him, thought it expedient that fome Clergy- men of
Note and Eminence {hould be attendant always in and about the
Court. And thereupon it was advifed, that to the Bifhop Almoner
and the Clerk of the Clofet a Dean of the Chappel (hould be added,
to look unto the diligent and due performance of Gods Publick Ser-
vice, and order matters of the Quire. According to which refoluti-
on, Dr. fames Mountague was recommended to the King for the firft
Dean of the Chappel in his time : fucceeded in that place by Andrews,
and he now by Laud.
1627. But'coproceed, Whileft matters went on thus fmoothly about the
Court, they met with many Rubs in the Country, fome of the Preach-
ers did their parts according as they were required by the faid Infra-
ctions, amongftwhom Sibthorp, Vicar of Bracty in Northampto?;fire,
advanced the Service, in a Sermon Preached by him at the Aifizes for
that County. The fcope of which Sermon was to jnjiific the Laivftdncfs
of the general Loan, and of the Kings imposing Taxes by his own Regal
Power, without confent inParlia?;sent, and to prove, that the people in point
of Confcience and Religion ought chear fully to fitbmit to fitch Loans and
Taxes without any oppo fniun. The Licenfing of which Sermon (when
it wasoffered to the Prefs) being refufed by Archbilhop Abbot7 and
fome exceptions made againft it, thc^rudng of it was preferred \o
Lattd9
- ■■ ' ■ - ■ ■
Lord sJrchbi/bop of Canterbury. 159
Laud, April 24. 1627, by whom, after fome qualifications and cor- LIB. lir.
re&ions, it was approved, and after published by the Author, under Anno Donu
the name of Apoftolical Obedience. About the fame time Matin drihg, 1627.,
Doctor in Divinity, one of his Majefties Chaplains inordinary, and <-^V%*
Vicar of the Parilh Church of St. Giles iri the Fields, publifted two Cant.tfoom*
Sermons of his preaching on the fame occafion, the one before the p. 245.
King, the other in the hearing of his own Parifhioners. Thefe Ser-
mons he entituled by the name of Religion and Allegiance, both of therri
tending to the juftificathn of the lawfulnefs of the Kings impodng Loans
*nd Taxes on his People without conjent in Parliament 5 and that the im- p • o
portion of fuch Loans and Taxes did Jo far bind the Confciences of the
Subjects of this Kingdom, that they could not refufc the payment of them
without peril of eternal damnation. But neither the Doctrine of thefe
Preachers, or of any other to that purpofe, nor the diftrefs of the
King of Denmark^, nor the rriiferable eftateof Rochel, did fo far pre-
vail amongft the People ? but thdt the Commiffioners for the Loan
found greater opposition in it than they did expect. Many who had
been Members in the two former Parliaments oppofed it with their ut-
moft power, and drew a great part of the Subjects, in all Countries
fome, to the like refufal. For which refufal fome Lords, and many
of the choice Gentry of the Kingdom, and others of inferiour fort
were committed unto feveral Pritons, where they remained till the -
approach of the following Parliament. Ihfomuch that the Court was
put upon the neceffity of fome further Project. The Papitis would
haveraifed a Provision for the! fetting forth both of Ships and Men,
for the defence of the Narrow Seas, and working on the Kings wants,
flattered themfel ves with the hope of a Toleration for it. But old Sir
John Savil of TorJ^-Jfjire, who had been lately taken into his Majefties
Council, had found out a plot worth two of that} conceiving, that a
Commiffion to proceed againft tvecufants for their thirds, due to his
Majefty by Law, would bring in double the Sum which they had of- Hift. King
fered. To this the King readily condefcended, granting him and fome churl p>6 3°'
others a Commiffion for that purpofe for the Parts beyond Trent 5 ifs
unto certain Lords and Gentlemen for all other Counties in the King-
dom. By which means, and fome moneys raifed upon the Loan,
there was fuch a prefent ftock advanced, that with fome other helps
which his Majefty had, he was enabled to fet forth a powerful Fleet,
and a considerable Land Army for the relief of the Rochellcrs, whofe
quarrel he had undertaken upon this occafion.
The Queen at herfirft coming into England had brought with her a
compleaf Family of French to attend her here, according to the Ca-
pitulations, between the Commiffioners of both Kings, before the
Marriage. But the French Priefts, and fome of the reft of her Do-
mefticks were grown fo infolent, and had put fo many affronts upon
fiis Majefty, that he was forced to fend them home within few daies
after he had diiTolved the foregoing Parliament. In which he had
done no more than what the French King had done before him, in fend-
ing back all the Spanijf} Courtiers which his Queen brought with her.
#ut the French King not looking on his own Example, and knowing
x $ of?
\6o
The Life o/William
PART I. on what ill terms the King flood both at home and abroad 9 firft
Anno T>om. feized on all the Merchants Ships, which lay on the River of Burdeavx>
1627. and then brake out into open war. So that the King was neceffttated
L^V""^ to make ufe of thofe Forces againft the French which were defigned to
have been ufed againft the Spaniard, and to comply with the deurcs
of the Rochellcrs, who humbly fued for his protection and defence.
But the Fleet not going out till after Michaelmas, fount! greater oppo-
fitionat Sea then they feared from the Land j being encountred with
ftrong Tempefts, and thereby neceftitated to return without doing*
any thing, but only (hewing the Kings good will and rcadinefs toward
their affiftance. Rut the next Fleet and the Land- Army before men-
tioned, being in a readine/s, the Duke of Buckingham appeared Com-
mander general for that Service3 who hoped thereby to make himfelf
of fome confideration in the eyes of the People. On the twenty fc-
venthof Junchc hoited Sail's for the Ille of Rhe, which lay before the
Port of Rochel, and embarred their trade; the taking whereof was
the matter aimed at: And he had ftrength enough both for Sea and
Land to have done the work, if he had not followed it more like a
Courtier than a Souldier: For having neglected thofe advantages
which the victory at his Landing gave him, he firft iiilFcrcd himfelf to
be complemented out of the taking of their chief Forr, when it was
almoftathis Mercy 5 and after ftood unfeafonably upon point of Ho-
nour, in Being thofe Forces which were lent from the French King to
raife the Siege, when he might have made a fafe retreat unto his Ships
without lofs or danger. So that well beaten by the Frwt /j, and with
great lofs of Reputation amongtheEnglifh, he came back with the re-
mainder of his broken Forces in November following, as dearly wel-
com to the King as if he had returned with fuccefs and t riu mphs.
During the preparations for this unfortunate attempt, on Sunday the
twenty ninth of April it pleafed his Majefty to admit the Bifhqp of Bath
and Wells for one of the Lords of his moft honourable Privy Council 5
An honour which he would not have accepted with fo great chear-
fulnefs if his dear Friend, the Lord Bifhop of Durham, had not been
fworn at or about the fame time alfo. So mutually did thefe two Pre-
lates contribute their affiftances to one another, that as Neile gave
Laud his helping hand to bring him firft into the Court, and plant him
in King JamesWis favour : So Laud made ufe of all advantages in be-
half of Neile to keep him in favour with King Charles, and advance
him higher. The Fleet and Forces before mentioned being in a rea-
dinefs, and the Duke providedfor the Voyage, it w as not thought
either fafe or fit that the Duke himfelf fhould be fo long ablent, with-
out leaving {bme allured Friend about his Majefty, by whom all pra-
ctices againft him might be either prevented or fupprcfled, and by
whofe means the Kings affections might be ahvaies inflamed towards
him 5 To which end Laudh firft defired to attend his Majefty to Port/1
mouth, before which the Navy lay at Anchor, and afterwards to
wait the whole Progrefs alfoi the Inconveniences of which journeys
he was as willing to undergo, as the Duke was willing to defire it.
The Church befides was at that time in an heavy condition, and op-
portu-
Lord tArchbiJhrp of Cant rbury. i*>
portunities muft be watched tor keep ng her from fili ng from bad t6 l \ tfl • .
vvorfe. No better her condition now in the Realm of England than AnnoDom.
anciently in the Eaftern Churches, when NeSarius fate as. Supream » 6 i
Paftor in the Chair of Conjiantinople 5 of which thus Nazianzen WT^es '(j^^^J
unto him; The Art ws (faith he) were grown fo infolent, that they out 46.^'
made open profeffion of their Herefie, as if they had been authorized
and licenfed to it 5 The Macedonian! fo prefumptuous , that they
were formed into a Seel, and had a Titular Bifhop of their own;
The' ApllinarUns held their Conventicles with as much fafety and e-
fteem as the Orthodox Chriftians. And for Eunomiu*^ the bofom-
mifchief of thofe times, he thought fo poorly of a general connivence,
that at laft nothing would content him but a toleration. Thecaufe of s ^
which diforders he afcribeth to Netfarim only. A man, as the Hi- Lib.Vc 8 '
ftorian faith of him, of an exceeding fair and plaufible demeanour,
and very gracious with the people : one that chofe rather (as it feems)
to give freeway to all mens fancies, and fuffer every mans proceed-
ings, than draw upon himfelf the envy of a ftubborn Clergy, and a
factious Multitude. Never was Church more like to Church, Bifhop
to Bifhop, time to time, (the names of the Sects and Herefies being on-
ly changed^ than thofe of Constantinople then, and of England now.
A pregnant evidence, thatpoffibly there could not be a greater mif-
chief in the Church of God than a Popular Prelate.
This, though his Majefty might not know", yet the Bifhops which
were about him did, who therefore had but ill difcharged their duty
both to God and man, if they had not made his Majefty acquainted
with it; he could not chufe but fee by the practices and proceed-'
ings of the former Parliaments, to what a prevalency the Puritans were
grown in all parts of the Kingdom; and how incompatible that hu-
mour was with the Regal intereft. There was no need to tell rum
from what fountain the mifchief came, how much the Popularity and
remifs Government of Abbot did contribute towards it. Him there-
fore he fcqueftreth from his Afetropolitical Juriftlrclion, confines him
to his houfe at Ford in Kent, and by his Com million, bearing date
the,ninth day of October, IM'7. transfers the excrcife of that Juris-
d\€k'\rrMo AfountainRithopof London, Neile Bifhop of Durham, Biic-
kcridge Bifhop of Rochcjicr^ Houfon Bifhop of Oxon, and Laud Bifhop
of Bath and Wells 3 To whom, or any two or more of them, he gives
authority to execute and perform all and every thofe Acts, matters,
and things, any way touching or concerning the Power, Jurifdidti-
on, or Authority of the Archbiihop of Canterbury in caufes or mat1 '
ters Ecclefiaftical, as amply, fully, and effectually, to all intents and
purpofes, as the faid Archbiihop himfelf might have done. And this
his Majefty did to this end and purpofe, that the Archiepifcopal Juris-
diction, being committed to fuch hands as were no favourers of that
Faction, there might fome ftop be given to that violent current which
then began to bear all before it. Nor did his Majefty fail of the end
deiired-, For though Abbot (on good reafons of State) was reftored
unto his Jurifdiction toward the latter end of the year next following :
Yet by this breathing time, as fhort as it was, the Church recovered
ftrength
161 'I he Life of William
PAR.T I. ftrength again. And the difgrace put upon the man did Co difanimate
A*n> Vom. and deject the oppofite Party, that the Ballance began vifibly to turn
I 6 i 7<> on the Churches fide.
L^V""^ During the time that this Commiflion was in force, fome Beneficed
perfons in the Country, who in themfelveswere well-affected to anci-
ent orders, and now in more afl'urance of Protections than before
they were, adventured on removing the Communion-Table from the
middle of the Church or Chancel, and letting it (according to the pat-
tern of the Mother Churches) where the Altar formerly had ftood.
Amongft the reft one Titly, Vicar of Grantham (a noted Town upon
the Road) in the County of Lincoln^ having obferved the fituation
of the holy Table, as well in his Diocefans Chappel, as in the Cathe-
dral Mother Church, tranfpofed the Table from the middeft of the
Chancel in his Parifh Church, and placed it Aidr-wife at the Eaft end
of it. Complaint hereof being made by fome of that Town to the
Bifhop of Lincoln^ he prefently takes hold of the opportunity to dis-
courage the work} not becaufe he difliked it in point of judgment
(for then his judgment and his practice muft have croft each other)
but becaufe Titly had relation to the Bifhcp of Durham. And for
the Bifhop of Durham he had no good thoughts, partly becaufe he
kept his ftand in the Court, out of which himfclf had been ejected,
and partly by reafonof the intimacy betwixt him and Land) whomhe
looked on as his open and profefled enemy. And then how was it
poflible thathefiiould approve of Titly, or his action either, conceiving
that it might be done by their or one of their appointments, or at the
leaftin hope of better preferment from them } Hereupon he betakes
himfelf Unto his Books,and frames a Popular Difcourfe againft placing
the Communion-Table Altar-wife, digefts it in the Form of a Letter
to the Vicar of Grantham : bnt fends it unto fome Divines of the
Lecture there, by them to be difperfed and fcattered over all the
Country. But of this Letter more hereafter, when we (hall find it
taken up for a Buckler againft Authority, and laid in Bar againft the
proceedings of the Church and the Rules of it, whenfuchtranfpofing
of the Table became more general,not alone practifed, but prefcribed.
Butthe noifeofthis Letter not flyingvery far, atthcfirft hindrednot
the removing of the Table in the Parifh Church of St. Nicholas in the
Borough of Abingdon the occafion this : One Blucfaall, dwelling
in that Parifh, beftowed upon it, amongft other Legacies, an annual
Penfion to be paid unto the Curate thereof, for reading duly prayer
in the faid Church according to the Form prefcribed in the EngliJJ)
Liturgie. For the eftablifhing of which Gifts and Legacies to the
proper u (band ufes intended by him, aComraiffion was iffued out of
the High Court of Chancery, accordingto the Statute 4; Eliz. Direct-
ed amongft others to Sir Ed. dark, Knight, Sam. Fell £)octor in Di-
vinity, George Purcfez, and Richard Organ Efquires^ who by their
joyntconfent made this Order following: viz. "And that the Table
"given by Mr. Bluckjiall fhould not by the multitude of People com-
<r- ing toService, or othcrwife by fitting or writing upon it, or by any
ci other uureverent ufage, be prophaned, fpoiled, or hurt 5 We do
"ordes*
Lord (tArchbifkcp of Canterbury. %6]
"order and decree, chat the faid Table fball continually irand at the L I B. III.
a upper end of the Chancel, upon which a Carpet (by him given) AnnoVom.
c;fhouId be laid,, where it fhall continually ftand clofe to the upper 1627.
'•Skreen (there being of old within that Skreen a kind of Veftry For
c* keeping the 'Plate, Books , and Veftments which belong, to the
*} Church) and there to be covered with the Carpet aforefaid, and in
* - no place elfe. Which Order, together with many others, for fetling
and diipofingthe faid Gifts and Legacies, were made at Abingdon on
the twenty fifth of April) 1628. and afterwards confirmed under the
Great Seal of England. This being the only Table, as I conceive, whofe
pofture in that place is ratified by Decree in Chancery.
Now as fome private Beneficed perfons, during the Sufpenfion of
the faid Archbifthop, did thus adventure on the one fide, fo divers
Commiffaries, Officials, Surrogates, and other Ecclefiaftical Officers,
began to carry a more hard hand on the Puritan Party (their great \
Friend and Patron being thus difcountenanced) than they had done J
formerly. Amongft thefe none more active then Lamb, sibthorp, Al-
len, and Burden, according to their Power and Places 3 the three Iaft
having fome relation to Lamb, as Lamb had to the Epifcopal Court
at Peterborough, and thereby a neer neighbourhood to the Bifhop of
Lincoln, then keeping his Houfe at Bucgden in the County of Hunting- ch.H'd lib
dons at whofe Table being entertained (as they had been many times np.i^'
before) they found there Morifon Chancellor to that Bifhop, andpr;'-
geion one of the Officers of the Court at Lincoln. Their Difcourfe
growing hot againft the Puritans, the, Bifhop advifed them to take
off their heavy hand from them \ informing them, That his Majefty
hereafter intended toufe them with more mildnefs, as a confiderable
Party;, having great influence on the Parliament, without whofe con- /
currence the King could not comfortably fupply his necefiities • To
which he added, That his Majefty had communicated this unto him by
his own mouth, with his Refolutions hereafter of more Gentlenefs to
men of that Opinion. Which words, though unadvifedly fpoken,
yet \- ere not thought, when firft fpoken by him, to be of fuch a dan-
gerous and malignant nature, as to create to him all that charge and
trouble, which afterwards befel him upon that occafron} For fome
yearsafter, a breach being made betwixt him and Lamb, about theO/1
ficials place of Leicefier, which the Bifhop had defigned to another
perfon, Lamb complains of him to fome great men about the Court,
for revealing the Kings Secrets committed to his trufc and privacy,
contrary to the Oath taken by him as a Privy Councellor. The Bifhop
was conceived to live at too great a height, to be too popular withal,
and thereby to promote the Puritan Intereft, againft the Counfels of
trie Court. This Information was laid hold on, as a means to humble
him, to make him fenfibleof his own duty, and the Kings difpleafure}
and a Command is given to Noy (then newly made his Majefties
Atturney-General) to file a Bill, and profecute againft him in the
Star-chamber, upon this delinquency. Though the Bifhop about two
or three years fincehad loft the Seal, yet he was thought to have ta-
ken the Purfe along with him 5 reputed rich, and one that had good
Friends
The Life of William
ART I. Friends in the Court about the King, which made him take the lefs
Anno T>om. regard of this profecution. By the Advice of his Council he firft de-
1627. murred unto the Bill, and afterwards put in a ftrong Plea againft it}
u<s^v^>J both which were over-ruled by Chief Juftice Richardfon, to whom
by Order of the Court they had been referred: Which artifices and
delays though they gained much time, yet could he not thereby take
offtheedgeof the Atturney, grown fo much (harper toward him by
thofe tricks in Law. And in this ftate we (hall find the bufinefs about
ten years hence, when it came to a Sentence 5 having laid fo much of
it here together, becaufe the occafion of the Suit was given much about
this time.
About the fame time alfocame out a Book entituled, A Colle&ionof
Private Devotions, or, the Hours of Prayer, compofed by Cogens one
of the Prebends of Durham, at the Requeft, and for the Satisfaction,
as it was then generally believed, of theCountefs of Denbigh, theon-
ly Sifter of the Duke, and then fuppofed to be unfetled in the Religion
hereeftabliihed, if not warping from it : A Book which had in it much
good matter, but not well pleafingin the form 5 find in the 1 itle page
to be framed agreeably to a Book of Private Prayers Authorized by
Queen Elizabeth, Anno 1560. After the Kalendar it began with a Spe-
cification of the Apojiles Creed in Twelve Articles, the Lords Prayer in
Seven Petitions, the Ten Commandments, with the Duties enjoyned, and
the Sins prohibited by them j The Precepts of Charity, The Precepts of the
Church, The Seven Sacraments, The Three Theological Virtues, The Three
kinds of Good Worlds, The Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghofi, The Twelve
Fruits of the Holy Ghofi, The Spiritual and Corporal IVorkj of Mercy,
The Eight Beatitudes , Seven deadly Sins, and their contrary Vertues^
and the Quatuor noviffima: After which (Tome Prefaces and Intro-
ductions intervening) followed the Forms of Prayer for the firfl, thirds
(txth, and ninth Hours, as aljo for the Vefpers and Compline, known
here in former Times by the vulgar name of Canonical Hours „• Then
came the Litany, The Seven Penitential Pfalms, Preparatory Prayers for
Receiving the Holy Communion, Prayers to be ufed in time of Sicfyiefs,
andof the near approach of Death, be fides many others. The Book ap-
proved by Mountainthen Bifhop of London, and by him Licenced for
the Prefs (with the Subfcription of his own hand to it) : Which not-
withstanding it ftartled many at the firft, though otherwife very mode-
rate and fobermen, who looked upon it as a Preparatory to ufher in
theSuperftitions of the Church of Rome. The Title gave offence to
fome, by reafonof the correfpondence which it held with the Popijh
Horaries ; but the Frontifpiece a great deal more, on the top whereof
was found the Name of jESVs, figured in three Capital Letters
( I H S ) with a Crofs upon them, incircled with the Sun, fupported by
two Angels, with two devout Women praying towards it.
It was not long before it was encountred by Prynne and Burton, of
whom we (hall have occafion to (peak more hereafter. prynn'sRook
("for of the other there was but little notice taken) was Printed by
the name of A Brief Survey and Cenfurc of Cozens his Cozening Devo-
tions, Anno 1628. In which he chargeth it for being framed ingeneral
accord*
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury. itf?
according to the Horaries and Primers of the Church of Rome ? but j_ I B. Iff.
more particularly, to be directly moulded, framed, and contrived ac- AnmVom.
cording to Our Ladies Primer or Office Printed in Latin at Atit- 1627.
tverp, 1593- and afterwards \nLatin and EngliJJ:^ Aw.o 1^04. Next he K^\T*^J
objedrs,Thatthe Book of Latin Prayers publifhed by Queen Lhz.ibeth,
1560. was called Orarium (not Korarium) five Libelous Precutionum
(that is to fay, A Bool^of Prayers :) That in that Cook there was men-
tion of no other hours of Prayer than firfr, third, and ninth 5 and that
inthefecond and rhird Editions of the fame Book, pubiifhed in the
\ears1564. andi57^. there occurred no fuchdiftribution into hours
ataJl} which (faid he) reproacheth all the Specifications before re-
membredby the name of Popiffj trafh and trumpery, ftollen out of Po-
piJJ) Primers and Catechifms,not mentioned in any Protejfant Writers 3
and then proceeds to the canvaling of every Office, and the Prefaces
belonging to them, which with the like infallible Spirit he condemns
of Popery. But for all this violent oppofition5 and the great clamors
made againftit, the Book grew up Into efteem, and juftified it lelf,
without any Advocate 3 infomuch that many of thofe who firfr ftart-
led at it in regard of the Title,found in the body of it fo much Piety,
fuch regular Forms of Divine Worfhip, fuch necefTarv Confolati-
ons in" fpecial Exigencies, that they referved it by them as a Jewel
of great price and value. But of this Author and his Book, the fol-
lowing Parliament, to whom Prynne dedicates his Anfwer, will take
further notice.
But before that Parliament begins, we mud: take notice of fome
Changes then in agitation amongft the Governours of the Church.
His Ma jetty in the June foregoing had acquainted Laud with his intent
of nominating him to the See of London in the place of Mountain ,
whom he looked on as a man unactrve, and addicted to voluptuouf-
nefs, and one that loved his eafe too well to difturbhimfelf in the con-
cernments of the Church. He alfo looked upon that City as the Re-
treat and Receptacle of the Grandees of the Puritan Faction 3 the in-
fluence which it had, by reafon of its Wealth and Trading,on all parts
of the Kingdom 3 and that upon the Correfpondence and Conformity
thereof, the welfare of the whole depended : No better way to make
them an example of Obedience to the reft of the Subjects, then by
placing over them a Biftiop of fuchPartsand Power as they fhould
either be unable to withftand, or afraid to offend. In order unto this
defign, it was thought expedient to tranflate Neile (whofe accommo-
dations Land muchftudiedj to the See oilVinchefler^ then vacant by
the death of Andrews^ and to remove Mountain unto Durham in the
place of Neile : But the putting of this defign into execution did requ:r^
fome time. Such Officers of State as had the management of the
Kings Revenue, thought it not fit in that low ebb of the Exchequer,
that the Church of Winton fhould be filled with another Bifhop,before
the Michaelmas Rentsat leaft (if not fome following Pay-days alfoj
had flowed into his Majefties Coffers. Which though it were no ve-
ry long time, compared with the Vacancies of (bme former Reign 3 yet
gave it an occafion to fome calumniating Spirits to report abroad,
Y That
i66
TheLife of W 1 L L 1 A M
PART I. That this Bifhoprick was defignedto be a Subfiftence for one of the
Anno Vom- Queen of Bohemias younger Sons, who was to hold it by the Name of
1627. an Adminiftrator,accordingto anill Cuftomoffome Princes amongft
C^V"S>J the Lutherans. But this Obftru&ion being pafled by, Neile with
great chearfulnefs in himfelf,and thankfulnefs unto the King^proceed-
ed in his Tranflation to the See of Winton , his Election being ratified
by his Majefty, and confirmed in due form of Law, before the end
of the next year, 1627. In Mountains hands the bufinefs did receive
a ftop: He had fpent a great part of his Life in the air of the Court,
as Chaplain to Robert Earl of Salisbury , Dean of Weftminfter, and
Bifhop Almoner 5 and had lived for many years laft pair in the warm
City of London. To remove him fo far from the Court, and fend him
intothofe cold Regions of the North, he looked onas the worft kind
of Banifhment, next neighbour to a Civil death : But having a long
while ftrived in vain, and underftanding that his Majefty was not
well pleafed with his delays, he began to fet forward on that Jour-
ney, with this Trovifo notwithstanding, That the utmoft term of his
Removal fhouid be but from London-Houfe in the City, to Durham-
Houfe in the Strand. And yet to beget more delays toward Laud's
Advancement, before he actually was confirmed in the See of Dur-
ham, the Metropolitan See of Torh^ fell void by the death of the moft
Reverend Prelate Dr. Toby Matthervs : This Dignity he afFefred with
as much ambition, as he had earneftly endeavoured to decline the o-
ther j and he obtained what he defired : But fo much time was taken
up in pairing the Electron, facilitating the Royal Aflent, and the For-
malities of his Confirmation, that the next Seffion of Parliament was
ended, and the middle of jfa/jf well near patted, before Laud could be
actually tranflated to the See of London.
Thefe matters being in agitation, and the Parliament drawing on
apace, on Tuefday the fifth of February he {trained the back-finew of
his right Leg, as he went with his Majefty to Hampton-Court, which
kept him to his Chamber till the fourteenth of the fame 5 during which
time of his keeping in, I had both the happinefsof being taken into
his fpecial knowledge of me, and the opportunity of a longer Con-
ference with him than I could otherwise have expected. I went to
have prefented my fervice to him as he was preparing for this Jour-
ney, and was appointed to attend him on the fame day feven-night,
when I might prefume on his return. Coming precifely at the time,
I heard of his mifchance, and that he kept himfelf to his Chamber 5
but order had been left amongft the Servants, that if I came he fhouid
be made acquainted with it 5 which being done accordingly, I was
brought into his Chamber, where I found him fitting in a Chair, with
his lame leg refting on a Pillow. Commanding that no body fhouid
come to interrupt him till he called for them, he caufed me to fit down
by him, inquired firft into the courfe of my Studies, which he well
approved of, exhorting me to hold my felfin that moderate courfe
in which he found me. He fell afterwards to difcourfeof fbme paf-
fages in Oxon, in which I was fpecially concerned, and told me there-
upon the ftory of fuch oppofitions as had been made againft him in
that
Lord oJfrcbbi/hop of Canterbury.
that Univerfity by Archbiftiop Abbot , and Tome others 3 encouraged LIB. III.
me not to ftirink, if I had already, or mould hereafter find the like.. Anno pom.
I was with him thus, remotis Arbitris, almoft two hours : It grew to- 1627."
wards twelve of the clock, and then he knocked for his Servants to t^^/^j
come unto him. He dined that day in his ordinary Dining-room,
which was the firft time he had fodonefince his mifhap. He caufed
me to tarry Dinner with him, and ufed me with no fmall refpecr, which
was much noted by fome Gentlemen (Ephilfton, one of his Majefties^
Cup-bearers, being one of the Company J who dined that day with
him. A paffage I confefs, not pertinent to my prefent Story, but
fuch as i have a good precedent for from Philip de Comenes3 whotel-
lethus as impertinently of the time (though he acquaint us not with
the occafion) of his leaving the Duke of Burgundies Service, to be*
take himfelf to the Imployments of King Lewis xi.
It is now time to look into the following Parliament, in the pre-
paration whereunto (tomake himfelf more gracious in the eyes of the
People) his Majefty releafeth fuch Gentlemen as had been formerly
imprifoned about the Loan which in erTed: was but the letting loofe of
fo many hungry Lions to purfue and worry him 5 For being looked
upon as Conreflbrs, if not Martyrs for the Common-wealth, upon the
merit of thofe fufferings they were generally preferred afore all others
to ferve in Parliament 5 and being fo preferred, they carried as ge-
nerally with them a vindicative Spirit, to revenge themfelves for that
Reftraint, by a reftraining of the Prerogative within narrower bounds.
At the opening of this Parliament, March 17. the Preaching of the
Sermon was committed to the Biftiop of Bath and Wells^ who (hewed
much honeft Art in perfwadingthemto endeavour to keep the Vnity of
the Spirit in the bond of Peace, Ephef.A.. 3. which he had taken for his
Text : In which, firft laying before them the excellency and effects of
VNITT, he told them, amongft other things, "That it was a very Serm.6.&
<c charitable tie, but better known xh&nlovedj a thing fogood, that 247.
ccit was never broken but by the worft men 3 nay, fogood it was, that
« the very worft men pretended beft when they broke it 5 and that it
«« was fo in the Church, never yet Heretick renting her Bowels, but
«che pretended that he raked them for Truth: That it wasfoalfo in
<c the State, feldom any unquiet Spirit dividing her Vnion3 but he pre-
<c tends fome great abufes^ which his integrity would remedy : O that
** / were made a "judge in the Landy that every man which hath any Con-
tc troverfte might come to me, that I might do him Juflice : and yet no
<s worfe a man than David was King when this cunning was ufed,
<c 1 sam. 15. That Vnity both in Church and Common- wealth was fo
<cgood, that none but the worft willingly broke it $ That even they
<e were fo far aftiamed of the breach, that they muft feem holier than
<c the reft, that they may be thought to have had a juft caufe to break
" it. And afterwards coming by degrees to an Application, Good God
Cc (faith he) what a prepofterous Thrift is this in men, to few up every
«{ fmall rent in their own Coat, and not care what rents they not only
"fuffer, but make in the Coat of Chrift> What is it? Is Chrift on-
" Iy thought fit to wear a torn Garment > Or can we think that the
Y 2 " spirit
i68
The Ltfe of W i l l i a m
PART I. " Spirit of Vnity^ which is one with Chrift, will not depart to feek
ArmoVom.' cc warmer cloathing.* Or if he be not gone already, why is there not
1627. "Unity, which is where ere he is? Or ifhe be but yet gone from o-
L^V^VJ « ther parts of Chrijiendont, in any cafe (Tor the paflion, and in the
"bowels of Jefus Chrift I beg it) let us make ftay of him here in our
" parts, &c. Which Sermon (being all of the fame piece) fo well
pleafed the Hearers, that his Majefty gave command to have it Print-
ed. How well it edified with the Commons,when they came to read
it 5 and what thanks he received from them for it, we (hall clearly fee
before we come to the end of this prefent Seffion.
The Sermon being ended, his Majefty fet forwards to the Houfe of
Peers, where fitting in his Royal Throne, and caufing the Commons
then affembled to come before him, he fignified in few words, " That
cc no man (as he conceived) could be fo ignorant of the Common ne-
cccefiity, as toexpoftulatethecaufeof this Meeting, and not to think
"Supply to be the end of it, that as this neceflity was the prod uft and
"confequent of their Advice (he means in reference to his firftin-
« gaging in the War with Spaing fo the true Religion, the Laws and
<c Liberties of this State, and juft defence of his Friends and Allies,
« being fo con fid erably concerned, would be, he hoped, Arguments
"enough to perfwade Supply 5 That he had taken the moft ancient,
« fpeedy, and belt way for Supply,by calling them together, in which
<c if they (hould not do their duties, in anfwering the quality of his
tcoccafioi.s he muft then take fome other courfe for the faving of
"that, which the folly of fome particular men might hazard tolofe,
" that notwithftandingthe diftra&ions of the laft Meeting, he came
•c thither w'<th no imall confidence of good fuccefs 5 alluring them that
"he would forget and forgive whatfoever waspaft, and hoping that
cc they would follow that lacred Advice lately inculcated, To main-
ec tain the VNITT of the spirit in the bond of Peace. Which being
faid,the Lord Keeper took his turn to (peak, as the Cuftom is,in which
Speech he chiefly laboured to lay before them the formidable Power
of the Houfe of Aujiria, the mighty Preparations made by the King
of Spain, the Diftra&ions at the prefent in the Netherlands^ the Dan-
gers threatnedby the French King tothofe of the Reformed Religi-
on in his Dominions, and the neceflity which lay upon the King to
provide for the fupport thereof, as well as for the Peace and Prefer-
vation of his own Eftate} concluding with feveral reafons to invite
them to aflift his Majefty with a bountiful and quick fupply according
to the exigency of his affairs.
But all this, little edified with the Houfe of Commons., or rather
with the prevailing Party in it, which comes all to one. For fo it hap-
pens commonly in all great Councils, that fome few leading Mem-
bers, either by their diligence or cunning, out-wit the reft, and form
a party ftrong enough, bycafting a mi ft before their eyes, or othe'r
fubtle Artifices to efTed* their purpofe. And fo it fared in this laft
Parliament with the Houfe of Commons, which though it contained
amongft the reft as dutiful Subjects as any were in the world, ("in his
Ma jefties own acknowledgment of them) yet being governed by lome
men
Lord ^AnbbtJhGf of Canterbury.
169
men which had their interelies apart from the Crown, they are put L I B. III.
upon a refolutionof doing their own bufinefs firft, and the Kings at AnnoVom.
leifure. And their own bufinefs it muft be to fecure the plots and 1628.
practices of the Puritan Faftion by turning all mens eyes upora fuch dan- ^^"^
gersas were to be feared from the Papifts} and in the next place, to
make fuch provifion for themfelves, that it (hould not be within the
power of the Royal Prerogative to lay any reftraint upon their per-
fons. No fooner had they obtained their Faft (without which no-
thing could be done) but they moved the Lords to joyn with them in
a Petition for the fuppreffing of Popery, which they conceived to
make the wall of Separation betwixt God and them ■■> to which they
found their Lordfhips willing to confent, and his Majefty no lefs wil-
ling to fatisfiethem in all parts thereof than they could defire. For Cant. Doom-.
calling both Houfes before him on the fourth of April, He told them he
liked well of their beginning with Religion •, and hoped their Confutations
would Succeed the happier 5 That he was as careful of Religion, and fhould
be as forward in it, as they could desire'-) That he liked well of the Petiti-
on, an d would make ufe of thofe and all other means for the maintenance
and propagation of that true Religion wherein he had lived, and by the
grace of God was refolvedto dye'-, And finally, That for the particulars,
they fljould receive a more full an fiver hereafter (as they Jlwrtly did.)
Which fiid, he put them in remembrance , That if Provifion s were not
fpeedily made, he fjould not be able to put a ship to sea this year. But
though his Majefty gave fo full and fatisfadtory ananfwer to every par-
ticular branch of the faid Petition, that Sir Benjamin Ruddiard moved
the Houfe to tender their humble thanks to his Majefty for it 5 yet to the
clofeof his Majefties Speech, touching the fpeedy making of provili-
ons for that Summers Service, tbey returned noanfwer. They muft
firft know whether they had anything to give or not, whether they
are to be accounted as Slaves or Freemen, to which two doubts the
late impnfonment of their Members, for not paying the Loan requir-
ed of them, gave them ground enough.
Thefe weightv Queftions being ftarted, their own property and Li-
berty muft firft be fetled, before they could be perfwaded to move a
foot toward his Majefties fupplies} Five Subfidiesthey had voted for
him, but it paiTed no further than the Vote 5 For feeing that there
was to be a truft on the one fide or the other, it was refolved, that the
honour of it (hould be theirs. The agitating of which Points, with
thofe which depended thereupon, took up fo much time, that before
the Lords could be brought to joyn with the Commons, and both to-
gether could obtain their defires of the King, there was fpent as far as
tothefeventhof Junes and it was ten daies after before they had pre-
pared the Bill of Subfidies for the Kings affent. Nothing in all this
bufinefs did fo trouble his Majefty as their infifting on this point :
That in no cafe whatfoever , though it never fo nearly concerned
matters of State and Government, he or his Privy Council (hould have
powerto commit any man to prifon without (hewing the caufe, and
that caufe to be allowed or difallowed as his Majefties Judges (hould
think fit on the Habeas Corpus, of which his Majefty well obferved in
a
170
The Lifeof Willia
M
PAIxT I.
Anru Vom-
1628.
His Maje-
fties Letter
for the
Lords, Btbl.
Reg. Se&.6.
N. 1 9.
a Letter by him written to the Peers on the twelfth of May, e C-That
ccby (hewing the caufe of the Commitment, the whole Service many
"times might happen to be deftroyed^ and that the caufe alfo might
« be fuch and of a nature fotranfcending the Rules of, Law, that the
"Judges had no capacity in a Court of Judicature to determine in it.
"The intermitting of which power, being one of the conftant Rules^
"of Government, pra&ifed for (a many Ages within this Kingdom,
" would (as he faid) foon diffblve the»very frame and foundation-
"of his Monarchy, and therefore that without the. overthrow of
"hisSoveraignty he could not fufFer thefe powers to be impeached*
But what reafon foever he had to alledge for himfelfv he was fo>
bent on his defires to relieve the Rochellers? and keep that honour up
abroad which he loft at home 5 that at thelaft he condefcendedunto
their defires, and confirmed the prayer of their Petition by Aft of
Parliament.
Nor would they reft upon that point; They thought they had not
done themfelves right enough in difputing their Property with the King
in Parliament if they fufTered it to be preached down in the Court and
Country. Manwaring therefore (of whofe Sermons we have (poke
before) muft be brought in for an example unto others. Whofe
charge, being drawn up by the Commons, was reported to the Peers
by Vym, June 13. The Book of his two Sermons produced before
them, the paflages which gave offence openly read, aggravated to
the very height. And though the poor man, on his knees, with
tears ia his eyes, and forrows in his heart, hadmoft humbly craved
pardon of the Lords and Commons for the errors and indifcretions he
had committed in the faid two Sermons, yet could he find no other
mercy than, " J. To be imprifoned during the pleafure of the Houfe.
" 2. To be fined one thoufand pounds to the King. 5. To make fuch
ec an acknowledgment of his offence at the Commons Bar as it fhould
" pleafe them to prefcribe. 4. To be fufpended from his Miniftry for
cc three years to come. 5 . To be difabled from ever preaching at the
"Court. 6. To be uncapable of any further Ecclefiaftical preferment,
"or fecular Office. And finally, That his Majefly fhould be moved
" to call in the faid Book by Proclamation, and caufe it to be publick-
<cly burnt. An heavy Sentence I confefs, but fuch as did rather a£>
fright than hurt him. For his Majefty looking on him in that con-
juncture as one that fuffered in his caufe, . preferred him fir ft to the Par-
fonage of Stamford-Rivers in Ejfex, ("void not long after by the pro-
motion of Mount ague to the See of Chichefter) after wa rds to the Dean-
ry of Worcejier 3 and finally to the Bifnoprick of St. Davids. This
was indeed the way to have his Majefty Well ferved, but fuch as cre-
ated him fome ill thoughts amongft the Commons for his Majefties In-
dulgence to him.
' But they had a greater game to fly at, than to content themfelves
with fo poor a Sacrifice. The day before, complaint was made unto the
Commons, that Laud, Bifhop of Bath 8c Wells^ had warranted thofe Ser-
mons to the Prefs, and him they had as good a mind to as to any other.
There had been fome liftings at him in the Court by Sir John CooJ^t
who
Lord Arcbb'tfhop of Canterbury.
'7'
who had informed againft him to the Lord Treafurerthen being : And l I B. III.
by the Lord Treafurer to the Duke, where the bulinefs ftopt. And AnmVom.
there had been fome liftings at him in the Country aHb, there being i 6 2 8.
fome muttcriugs fpred abroad, that fome Sacrifices muft be made for ^7~y~***i
expiating the ill fuccelsin the Hie of Rhe> and that he was as like as Brema'te'
any to be made the Sacrifice. Which coming to his ears from two p*
feveral perfons, he thought fit to acquaint his Majefty with it 5 who
thereupon returned this mod gracious anfwer , That he fliould not
trouble himfelf with Juch reports , till he Jaw him forfake his other
friends. Had he ftood ftill upon that principle he had never fallen.
Such Princes as forfake their Servants, will be forfaken by their Ser-
vants in their greateft need, and neither be well fervedat home, nor
obferved abroad. But it appeared by the event, that thofe mutter-
ings were not made without fome ground, and that fomewhat was
then plotting toward his deftruftion. For Mxnwaring was no (bone l
cenfured , but Land's caufe was called to the report, fome days before
(viz. June 1 1. J they had voted the Duke of Buckingham to be the
caufe of all the grievances and now they were hammering a Re-
monftrance, both againft him, and all that depended on him. In
which Remonftrance , having firft befprinkled the King with fome
Court holy-water, for granting their Petition of Right, they make
bold to reprefent unto him, cc That there was a general fear con-
cc ceived in his people of fome fecret working and combination to
cc introduce into this Kingdom innovation and change of holy Reli-
cc gion. Which fear proceeded (as they faid) from the encreafe of
ec ropery in this Kingdom, and the extraordinary favours and refpecls
cc which they of that Religion found in the Court from perfons of
« great quality and power there , unto whom they continually re-
e< fort, more efpecially by name from the Countefs of Buckingham
<c the Dukes Mother. Secondly, From fome Letters written by his
<c Majefty to ftop all legal proceedings againft Recnfints , and the
cc Compofitions which had been made with fome of them for fuch
<c fines and penalties as were laid upon them by the Laws, which
<c feemedin their opinion little lefs than a Toleration. Thirdly, From
"the daily growth and fpreading of the FadHon of the Arminians,
"that being (as they thought his Majefty knew) but a cunning way
<c to bring in Popery the profelTors of thofe opinions being common
<c difturbers of the Proteftant Churches , and Incendiaries of thofe
<c States wherein they have gotten any head, being Vrotejiants in (hew.
" but Jefuites in opinion and practice. Of which growing Fa&ion
cc Neile Bifrhop of Winchefler ^ and Laud Bifliop of * Bath and Wells,
cc are named particularly for the principal Patrons. Fourthly, From
cc fome endeavours to fupprefs the diligent teaching and inftru&ing
e: the people in the true knowledge of Almighty God by difparaging
c£ pious, painful, and Orthodox Preachers. Fifthly, From the mi-
cc ferable condition of the Kingdom of Ireland^ in which without
<c controul the Popi(h Religion is affirmed to be openly profeffed,
<e PopifhSuperftition being generally exercifedand avowed, Mona-
" fteries, and Nunneries newly erefted5 &c . In the laft place they lay
<c before
ijz The Life o/William
PART I. " before him their former grievances, now redrelled} the defign of
Anno Vom. cc railing moneys by the way of Excite, and of bringing m lome
1628. cc Regiments of German horfe, though never put into executions
^^V^J iC aCommifiion of Lieutenancy granted to the Duke oF Buckingham
sc the fuppofed decay of Trade in all parts of the Kingdom 3 theim-
" provident confumption of the ftock of Gunpowder the lots of
ce the Regality of the Narrow Seas 5 the taking of piany Merchants
. cc Ships by the Pyrates of Dunkjr^ &c. The caufe of all which
mifchiefs is imputed to the exceffive power of the Duke of Bucking-
ham, and his abufing of that power.
Bib/. Reg. This Remonftrance being thus digefted, it was prefented to his Ma-
Sed. 157. jcft-y5 together with the Bill of Subfidies,onthe feventeenth of June.
- L,m- 3- At the receiving thereof his Majefty was pleafed to ufe thefe words:
" That on his Anfwer to their Petition of Right he expected no fuch
tc Declaration from them, which containeth divers points of ftate
" * c touching the Church and Common-wealth, that he conceived they
c; did believe he underftood them better than themfelves : But that
£: fince the reading thereof, he perceived they underftood thole
c: things lefsthan he imagined 3 and that notwithstanding he would
cc take them into fuch conlideration as they deferved. Nor was it
long after his Majefties receiving of this Remonftrance, but that they
were drawing up another to take away his right to Tonnage and
Poundage. Which coming to his Majefties knowledge, he refolved
to be beforehand with them, and diflblve the Parliament, which was
done accordingly June 26. At the -diffolving whereof his Majefty
gave this further cenfure on the faid Remonftrance. -viz. cc That the
" acceptablenefs thereof unto him every man might judge, and that
cc he would not call in queftion the merit of it, becaufe he was fure
cc no wife man could juftifie it. And poflibly it had efcaped without
any further cenfure , if the Commons for the oftentation of their
Zeal and Piety had not caufed it to be Printed, and difperfed abroad,
with which his Majefty being acquainted, he commanded it to be
called in by Proclamation, as tending to the defamation of his Per (on
and Government.
But no fooner was the Parliament ended, but he gave order unto
Laud (whom he found to be much concerned in itj to return an
anfwer thereunto 5 which he, who knew no better Sacrifice than
obedience, did very chearfully perform 5 which Anfwer for fo much
as concerns Religion, the Preamble and Conclufion being laid afide,
we (hall here fubjoyn.
And firft (faith he) that Remonftrance begins at Religion , and
fears of innovation in it'-, Innovation by ropery i but we would have
our Subjects of all forts to call to mind what difficulties and dangers
we endured not many years ftnee for Religions fake 3 That we are the
fame ftill, and our holy Religion is as pretious to us as it is or can be to
.my of them, and we will no more admit innovation therein than they
that thinly they have done well in fearing it fo much. It is true, that all
efetfs
Lord \ArcbbiJhof of Canterbury. 17*?
effects expe&ed have not followed upon the Petitions delivered at Oxon, LIB. III.
but TPS are in leaji fault for that for fupply being not afj'ordtdus, difen- Anno Vem-
abled us to execute all that teas de fired, and caufed the flay of thofe legal I 6 2 8.
proceedings which have helped U jwell up this fvemonftrance .• ret let all W^V""Vi
the Counties of England be examined, and London, with the suburbs
thereof neither is there fuch a noted increafe of Papifts, nor fitch caufe
of fear as k made'-) nor hath any amounted to fitch an odious tolerating,
as is charged upon it, nor near any fuch. For that Commiflion/? much
complained of both the matter and intent of it are utterly miflaken'-, for
it doth not difpenfe with any penalty, or any courfe to be taken with any
Papifts for the exercife of their Religion, no nor with the Pecuniary
Muldts or Non-conformity to ours 5 it was advifed for the encreafe of
our profits, and the returning of that into our Purfe, which abufe or con-
nivency of infer ionr MiniSiers might perhaps divert another way j if that
or any other Jhall be abufed in the execution, we will be ready to punifl)
upon any jufl complaint. The next fear is the daily growth and fpread-
ingof the Arminian Faclion, called a cunning way to bring in Popery:
but xee hold this Charge as great a wrong, to our Self and Government,
as the former 5 For our People mull not be taught by a Parliament Re-
monftrance, or any other way, that we Are Jo ignorant of Truth, or fo care-
lefs of the Profejjion of it'-, that any opinion, or fiction, or whatever it be
called, jliou Id thrufl it fclf fo fay, and fo fafl into our Kingdom without our
knowledge of it: this is a meer dream of them that wake,and would make
our loyal and loving People thinly we Jleep the while. In this Charge there
is great wrong done to two eminent Prelates that attend our Perfon 5 for
they are accufed, without producing any the leaji fljerv or fliadow of Proof
againji them'-, andjhould they, or any other, attempt Innovation of Reli-
gion, either by that open or any cunning way, wefljould quickly take other
Order with them, and not flay for your Remonflrance.
To keep on this, our people are made believe, That there is a restraint of
Books Orthodoxal: but we are fure fince the late Parliament began,
fome whom the Remonftrance calls Orthodox, have ajflimed unto them-
fives an unfujferable Liberty in Printing. Our Proclamation command"
ed a Rtflraint on both fides, till the Pajjions of men might fubfide and
calm ; and had this been obey ed as it ought, we had not now been tojfed in
this Tempefl : And for the diflreffing and difcountenancing of Good
Preachers, we know there is none, if they be (as they are called) Good.
But our People full never want that Spiritual Comfort which is due unto
them '■> and for the Preferments which we beflow, we have fo made it our
great Care to give them, as Rewards of Defert and Pains 3 but as the Pre-
ferments are ours, fo will we be 'judge of the Defert Our felf and not be
taught by a Remonftrance. For Ireland, we think, in cafe of Religion,
it is not worfe then<%ueen Elizabeth left it $ and for other Affairs, it is as
good as we found it, nay, perhaps better '-, and we take it as a great difpa-
ragement to our Government , that it flwuld be voiced, That new Mona-
fleries^ Nunneries, and other Superfluous Houfes, are Ere&ed and Reple-
nifljed in Dublin, and other great Towns of that our Kingdom : For we
a/jure our felf our Deputy and Council there will not fufferGod and our
Government fo to be difjonoured^ but we Jhould have fome account of it
Z* from
The Life of William
PART I* from them'-, and roe may not endure to have our good People thus wijkd
Anno Vom. frith shews. There is likewife fomewhat confidcrable, in the- time when
1628. thefc TraUices to undermine true Religion in our Kingdoms, are Jet on
tx^V^J foot. The Remonftrance tells wit is now, when Religion k oppofedby
open force in all Parts: But rve mufl tell our People, There is no under-
mining VraBicc at home againlt it, if they praclifc not agaivfl it that
feent mof to labour for it '-> for while Religion ferns to be contended for
in fuch aFa&ious way, nhich cannot be Gods way, the heat of thai doth
often melt away the Purity which it labours earneflly (but perhaps not
wifely) to preferve. And for Gods Judgments, which ive and our
People have felt, and have caufe to fear, we Jball prevent them beji by a true
Religious Remonftrance 0/ the amendment of our Lives , &c.
This, and the reft of the Anfwer to the faid Rem onft ranee ',is all what
f find adrcd by Laud in reference to the prefent«Parliament. For, that
he ftiould be a chief means for the dillblving of this, or a principal
Instrument in the untimely breaking off of the former, Ifind no proof
offered, though he ftands charged with the one in the further Articles
of his Impeachment, and of the other on the bare fufpicion of a pri-
vate Perfon. As little proof I find of another Article, in which he
ftands accu fed for faying, That this Parliament was a Fatfious Parlia-
ment\ and had cafi many Scandals upon his Majefly, and had ufed him
lil^e a Child in his Minority \ styling them PV RIT AN S, and com-
mending the Papifts for harmlefs and peaceable SubjccJs : For which,
if any Evidence had been brought againft him, he might have been
condemned by fome for his indifcretion, but by none for Treafon.
Nordidthe Parliament aftmore againft Church or Church-mcn,than
what is formerly related ; but only in receiving certain Articles againft
one Burgefs Vicar of Witney, in the County of Oxon. By which it
did appear, That the man was fharp fet againft the Puritans, whom
he accufed of breaking every one of the Ten Commandments, re-
proach'd them with many bitter Exafperations, and finally impeached
Calvin, Beza, and all the Minifters of the Reformed Churches, both
in France and Scotland, for committing many Treafons againft thofe
Princes under whom they lived. Butthefe Matters not being Acti-
onable at the Common Law, norpunifhable(asthe times then were)
in way of Parliamentary Proceedings 5 the poor man, after a long and
chargeable Attendance, was at laft difmifled. Little or nothing done
in the Convocation which accompanied this Parliament, but the grant-
ing of five Subsidies, toward the Support of his Majeftics Royal E-
ftatc, and the Defence of his Kingdoms: So much the more accepta-
ble to his Majefly, becaufe the Crant feemed in a manner to exceed
their Abilities, and came not clogged with any felf-ends, or parti-
cular Intereftcs. Rings are Gods Deputies on Earth, and likening
love a chearful Giver, above all thofe who either do k grudgingly }
ot upon confraint.
Nofooner was the Parliament ended, but Laud prepares for his
Tnintlation to the See of London, the Conge d' eflire being Hlued out
on thefirftof 'July, the E^lecYion within few days returned, and pub-
iickly
LordtArcbbi/hop of Canterbury. 175
lickly confirmed with the accuftomcd Formalities on Saint Svoithin^\ B. \\\,
day, being the fipceenth of that Month. London, the Kings Cham- Anno Vom*
ber, and the chief City of the Realm 5 equal in bignefs unto any, but 162 8.
in Trade Superiour unto all in thefe Parts of Chriftendom } one of the i^^/^tS
Metropolitan Sees of the Ancient Britains, and next in Dignity and
Antiquity to the See of Canterbury amongft the Saxons. The firft Bi-
fhop of it, called Melitus, received his Epifcopal Confecration, Anno
606. from whom Laud was in number the 88th. as he had been the
89th. Bilhop of St. Davids, another of the Metropolitan Sees of the
Brit aim. The Cathedral Church, beft known by the name of Saint
Pauls in London, was founded firft by Ethelbert, the firft Chriftian
King of Kent, and the fix Monarchs of the Saxons $ afterwards much
beautified and enlarged by Erkcnwald the fourth Bifhop: Which
Church of theirs being 500 years after deftroyed by fire, that which
now ftands was built in the place thereof by Maritius RicharAus his
SuccefTor, and certain other of the Bifbops, a great part of it at their
own Charge, and the tvefidueby a general Contribution over all the
Kingdom. The Bifhops next in Place and Dignity to the Metropo-
litans, and alfo Deans of the Epifcopal Colledge for the Province of
Canterbury? by which Office he is not only to prefide over the reft of
the Bifhops at Synodical Meetings, in cafe the Metropolitan be dead of
abfenti but to receive his Mandates for aflembling Synods, and other
bufineffesof the Church } and having fo received them, to intimate
the power and effect thereof to the Suffragan Prelates. As for the
Diocefsof London, it contains in it the whole Counties of Middlefex
and Ejjex, fo much of Hertford-JJjire as was anciently poffefTed by the
Eaft-saxons, together withthe peculiar Jurifdiclion of the Church of
St. Albans j divided into 623 Parifhes (of which 189 are Impropriati-
ons) and thofe diftributed amongft five Archdeacons, that is to fay,
of London, Middlefex, Ejjex, Colchejler, and the Archdeacon of Saint
Albans for that Circuit only.
His own Tranflation being paft, his next Employment of that na-
ture was his affifting at the Confecration of Mountague, nominated by "\
his Majefty to the See of Chichejlcr'm the place of Carkton, who died
about the latter end of the Parliament} which Aftion in the King
feemed more magnanimous then fafe : For though there was much
magnanimity in preferring the man, whom he beheld as well in his
perfonal Sufferings, as his great Abilities 5 yet was it not held fafe for
him (as his cafe then ftood) to give fuch matter of Exafperation to
the Houfc of Commons, of whom he did expect a Supplement to the
former Subfidies within few Months after. Nor did the bufinefs pafs
fo clearly on Mountagues fide, but that he found a rub in his way,
which was like to have hindred his Preferment for the prefent time,
butpoffibly enough for the times to come. It is an ancient Cuftom,
that the Elections of all Bifhops in the Province of Canterbury be fo-
lemnly confirmed by the Archbifhop, or his Vicar-general, in the
Court of the Arches, held in Saint Maries Church in Chcapdde, com-
monly called by the name of Boxo Church 5 at and before which Con-
firmation, there is publick notice given to all manner of Perfons; that
Z 2 if
The Life o/William
PART I. if they have any thing to objed either againft the Party Elecled, or
Anno T>om. the legality of his Ele&ion, he ihould come and tender his Except! -
1628. ons at the time appointed, or elfe for ever after to hold his peace:
l^V^W Which (ignification being made, as Mount ague ftood ready to be Con-
firmed, one Jones a Bookfeller accompanied with a Rabble of the
poorer fort, excepted Againft him as a man unfit to be made a Biftiop,
charging him with ropery, Arminianifm, and fome other Heterodoxies^
for which his Books had been condemned in the former Parliament.
It hapned well that Brent the Vicar-general, either for difaffe&ion to
the man, or on fome necefiary avocation, had devolved his Office
for that time on Doclor Thomas Reives his Ma jetties Advocate, a man
of better Principles in himfelf and of more Learning in the Laws
than the other was.* For no fooner had Jones offered his Exceptions
againft the Party Elected, but Rerves had found a way to evade the
danger, and fruftratethe bold manof hisdelign, for putting a prefent
ftop to the Confirmation 5 For neither were the Exceptions tendred in
writing, figned by the hand of any Advocate, nor prefented by any
of the Pro&ors authorized to attend that Court 5 all which Formalities
were to have been obferved by Jones'm the prefent Aft, but that the
man was hurried on with more Zeal than Knovvledg. Which Rub
thus happily removed Augujl 22. Mountague haftensall he could to his
Confecration , which was performed on Sunday the 24th. at the
Archbilhops houfe in Croyden, Laud amongft other Bifhops affifting at
it.
And it is poffible enough. That if he had not made fuch hafte as he
did, he might have had a worfe rub in it then he had before. Scarce
was the Confecration finifhed, when news came to Croyden of the un-
fortunate death of the Duke of Buckingham , murthered the day before
at Portjmouth by one John Felton a Lieutenant, who thought himfelf
neglected in the courfe of his Service. The Duke had wholly fethis
heart on the Relief of Rochel0 thenblockt up by the French both by
Sea and Land, in hope thereby to redeem the Honour he had loft at
1 thelfleof Rhe, and to ingratiate himfelf with the People of England.
On the twelfth of AuguU he fet forwards from Port/mouthy neer which
the Navy lay at Anchor, and where he had appointed the Rendez-
vous for his Land-Forces to alTemble and meet together. The inter-
val of time betwixt that and his death he fpent in putting all things in-
to Readinefs, that he was almoft at the point of going on Board, when
Fe/f<?#cuthimofrin the midft of his Glories. The wretch in fuch a ge-
neral confufion might have faved himfelf, if either curiofity in attend-
ing theiflue, or fome confternation in his countenance upon the hor-
ror of the Facl, had not betrayed him to a prefent difcovery. Taken
upon fufpicion, and queftioned about the Murder, he made no fcruple
to avow it as a meritorious Act, of which he had more caufe to glory
than to be aftuimed : And being afterwards more cunningly handled by-
one of his Majcfties Chaplains (fent to him from the Court of purpo/e
to work him to it) heconfefled plainly and refolvedly, That he had
no other motive to commit that Murder, but the late Remonftrancc,
in which the Duke had been accufed for being the Caufe of all the
Grievances
Lord zArchbijhop of Canterbury . %jj
Grievances and Mifchiefs in the Common-wealth. This news was L I B. III.
brought unto the King as he was at the Publick Morning-Prayers in his Anno Vom.
Prefence-Chamber, the Court being then at Southr»ic^ not far from 1628.
Tortfmokth? which he received withfhcha ftedfift Countenance, fo <-<^*V^
unmoved a Patience, that he withdrew not from the place till the
Prayers were ended.
It is not to be doubted but that his Ma jelly was much afflicted in the
lofs of fo dear a Servant, in whofe bofom he had lodged fo much of
his Counfels, andto whofe Conduct he had fo fully recommended the
Great Concernments of the Kingdom. But fuch was the conftancy of
his Temper, and the known evennefs of his Spirit, that in the mid-
deft of all thofe forrows he neither neglected his affairs abroad, nor
hisFriendsat home: For notwithftandingthis fad accident, theFleet
fet forwards under the Command of the Earl of Lindfey^ whofe com-
ing within fight ofRochel was welcomed by thofe in the Town with all
the outward expreffions of Hope and Joy.- But hisdefirestodo them
Service were without Succefs : For when he came, he found the Ha-
ven fo ttrongly barred, that though he gallantly attempted to force
his way, and give Relief to the Befiegedf, yet finding nothing but
impofiibility in the Undertaking, he discharged his Ordnance againft
the Enemy, and went offwith fafety : Which being perceived by thofe
of the Town, who had placed their Iaft hopes in this Attempt, they
prefently fet open their Gates, carting themfelves upon the Mercy of
their Natural Prince, whofe Government and Authority they had for
fomany years before both oppofed and flighted. And on the other
fide, being well allured of that infinite anguifh and difconfolation
which Land (his now moft trufty Servant} muft needs fuffer under, by
the moft barbarous Aflaffination of fo dear a Friend, he difpatched
Elphijlon his Cup-bearer with a gracious Meffage to comfort him in
thofe difquiets of his SouU and on the neck of that, a Letter of his
own hand-writing to the fame effect. He looks upon him now as his
Principal Minifter well pra&ifed in the Courfe of his Bufinefs, of whofe
fidelity to his Perfon, and perfpicacity of Judgment in Affairs of State,
he had found fuch good proof: And therefore at the firft time that
L utd could find himfelf in a condition to attend upon him, he ufed
man\ gracious Speeches to him, not only to wipe offthe Remembrance
of that fad Misfortune, but to put him into fuch a Power by which he
might be able to protect himfelf againft all his Enemies. Hewasbe-
fore but an inferiour Minifter in the Ship ofState, and had the trimming
of the Sails , the fuperinfpection of the Bulgings and Leakings of it.
Now he is called unto: the Helm, andfteersthe Courfe thereof by his
fage Directions.
Having obtained this height of Power, he cafts his eye back on his
Majefties Proclamation of the fourteenth of jf//#e, Anno 1626. Gf
which though he had made goodufeinfuppreffingfomeof thofe Books
which feemed to foment the prefent Controverfies j yet he foon found,
as well by his own Gbfervation , as by Intelligence from others,
That no fuch general notice had been taken of it as was firft expected :
For being only publifhed in Market -Towns (and perhaps very few of
them)
The Life o/William
PART L them) the Puritan Minifters in the "Country did not conceive thcm-
Anw T*om. felves obliged to take notice of it. And much Iefs couid it come to
i 6 2 8. the ears of Students in Univerfities, for whofereftraint from medling,
u<?^V^5>J either by Preaching or Writing, in the Points prohibited, it might
feem mod neceflary. He knew, that by the Laws of the Land all Mi-
nifters were to read the Book of Articles audibly and diftinftly9 in the
hearing of their Pariibioners, when they firft entredon their Cures,
and that by the Canons of the Church, all that took Orders or De-
grees were publickly to fubfcribe unto them. A Declaration to the
fame effedi before thofe Articles muft needs give fuch a general fignifi-
cation of his Majefties pleafure, that no body could from thenceforth
pretend ignorance of it, which muft needs render his tranfgreffion the
more inexcufable. Upon which prudent considerations he moved
his Majefty that the Book of Articles might be reprinted ; and fuch a
Declaration placed before them as might preferve them from fuch
mifconftruftions as had of late been put upon them, and keep them
to their native literal and Grammatical fenfe. His Majefty approved
theCounfelas both pious and profitable, and prefently gave order,
that all things fhould be done according as he had advifed. ADecla- .
ration of great influence in the courfe of our Story, and therefore here
to be fubjoyned in its proper place.
By the KING.
f&bl. "Keg* ~VyEivg h Gods Ordinance, accordingtoOur jujl Title, Defender of
Se&- 4« \j the Faith, and Supreme Gcvernour of the Church within thefe Our
Num. 3. Dominions, Weholdit moji agreeable to Our Kingly Office, and Our own
Religious Zeal, to conferve and maintain the Church committed to Our
charge in the Unity of true Religion, and in the bond of peace : and not
to fitfferunneceffary Difputations, Alterations, and Queflions to beraifed
which may nourifli FaCtion both in the Church and Commonwealth •> Wc
have therefore upon mature deliberation, and with the Advice of fo many
of Our Bifloops as might conveniently be called together, thought fit to make
this Declaration following: That the Articles of 'the Church 0/ England
(which had been allowed, and authorized heretofore, and which Our Clergy
generally have fubfcri bed ttnto) do contain the true DocJrine of the Church
of England agreeable to Gods Word : which We do therefore rati fie and
confirm, requiring all Our loving Subje&s i to continue in the Uniform
Trofejjion thereof, and prohibiting the leali difference from the fiid Arti-
cles'^ which to that end We command to be reprinted, and this Our Decla-
ration to be publijfjcd. therewith.
That We are Supreme Governour of the Church of England, and that
if any difference arife about the External Policy, concerning Injunctions,
Canons, or other Confiitutions whatjocver, thereunto belonging 5 the
Clergy in their Convocation is to order and Jetle them, having fir jl obtain'
ed leave under Our Broad Seal fo to do : And We approving their (aid Ordi-
nances and Confiitutions, provided that none be made contrary to the
Laws and Cufioms of the Land. That out of our Princely care that the
Church-men may do the work^ which is proper unto them 5 the Bifiops and
Clergy,
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury. 179
Ciergie, from time to time, in Convocation , upon their humble defire, LIB. 111°
full have licence under Our Broad Seal, to deliberate of, and to do allfuch AmtoVom.
things, as being made plain by them, andaffentedto by Vs, fall concern I 6 2 8.
the Jetled continuance of the Doctrine and Difcipline of the Church of^^^^3
England ejialxlifedm-> from -which We ft jail not endure any variation or de-
farting in the haft degree. That for the prefent, though fome differences
have been ill raifed, We take comfort in this, that all Clergie-men within
Our Realm have always moft willingly fubferibed to the Articles eftablifed,
which is an Argument to Vs, that they all agree in the true ufual literal
meaning of the faid Articles, Undthat even in thofe curious Points, in which
the prefent differences lye0 men of all forts take the Articles of the Church
0/"England to be for them ; which is an Argument again, that none of them
intend any defertion of the Articles eftablifed. jhat therefore in thefe
both curious and unhappy differences which have for many hundred years \
in different times and places, exercifed the Church of Chrift, We will that
all further curious fear ch be laid a fide, and thefe difputes be fmtupinGods
Promifes, as they be generally fet forth unto Vs in holy Scriptures and
the general meaning of the Articles of the Church of England according to
them. And that no man here a fter full cither Print or Preach to draw the
Article afide any way, but fjall fubniit toil in. the plain and full meaning
thereof: And fall not put his own fenfe or Comment to be the meaning of
the Article, but full take it in the literal <& Grammatical fen ft. That if any
Phblick^ Reader in either Our'Vniver(ities, or any Head or Mafler of a
•Colledge, or any other Perfon refpctli vely in either of them, full affix any
new fen fe to any Article, or full publicity read, determine, or hold any
publick^Difputation, or fuffer any fuch to be held either way, in either the
Vniver(tties or Colledges rcfpetlivcly 5 or if any Divine in the Vnivofties
full Preach or Print any thing either way, other than is eftablifed in Con-
vocation with Our Royal Affent : He, or they, the Offenders, fall be liable
to Our dijpleafure, andthe Churches Ccnfure in Our Commijjion Ecclefia-
ftical, as well as any other : and We will fee there full be due execution
upon them.
No fooner were the Articles publifhed with this Declaration, but
infinite were the Clamours which were raifed againfl: it by thofe of the
Salvinian party. Many exclaimed againft it for the depths of Satan,
fome for a 'jefuitical Plot to fubvert the Gofpel : For what elfe could ,
it aim at (as they gave it out) but under colour of filencing the dif-
putes on either fide, to give incouragement and opportunity to Armi-
nians here tofow their tares, and propagate their erroneous Doctrines.
And what effects could it produce, but the fuppreffing of all Orthodox
Books, the difcouraging of all godly and painful Mmifters, thereby
deterred from preaching the moft comfortable Doctrines of mans
election unto life 5 The Arminians in the mean time gathering ftrength,
and going on fecurely to the end they aimed at. And to give the
better colour to thefe fufpicions, a Letter is difperfed abroad, pre-
tended to be written to the Rector of the Jefuites in Bruxells the
chief City of Brabant, In which the Writers let himknow, withwh:
care and cunning they bad planted here that Soveraign drug Armini-
aniftri^
180 The Life o/William
PART I. anifif, which they hoped would purge theProteftants from their He-
Aim Vonu relief, and that it did begin to flourifti and bear fruit already ■■> That
1628. for the better preventing of the Puritans, the Arminians had lockt up
U<^V^J the Dukes ears, &c. with much of the like impudent fluff, which
no fober man did otherwife look on than a piece of Cnllery. Upon
which grounds , a Petition was defigned for his (acred Majefty ,
by fome of the Calvinian Party in ana about the City of London^
" For the revoking of the faid Declaration, by which they were de-
ferred (as the matter was handled) from preaching the faving Do-
CaM> Doom* cc cVinesof Gods Free Grace in EleUion and Predejiination : And this
"(Tay theyj had brought them into a very great ftraight} either
"of incurring Gods heavy difpleafure, if they did not faithfully dif-
" charge their Embafiage in declaring the whole Counfel of God 5
"or the danger of being cenfured as violaters of his Majefties (aid
"Ad, if they preacht thofe conftant Doftrines of our Church,
" and confuted the oppofite Pelagian and Arniinian Herefies , both
" Preached and Printed boldly without fear of cenfure. And there-
upon they pray on their bended knees, that his gracious Majefty
* would take into his Princely confederation the forenimed Evils
"and Grievances under which they groaned, and, as a wife Phy-
cc fician , prefcribe and apply fuch fpeedy Remedies as may both
"cure the prefent Maladies, and fecure the peace of Church and
" Common-wealth, from all thofe Plagues which their Neighbours had
" not a little felt, and more may fear if the Council of his Majefties
" Father to the States of the United Provinces were not better fol-
'" lowed.
But this Petition being ftopt before it came to the King, they found
more countenance from the Commons, in the next Parliamentary
meeting, than they were like to have found at the hands of his Ma-
jefty. For the Commons conceiving they had power to declare Reli-
gion as well as Law, (and they had much alike in both) they voted this
Anti-Declaration to be publifhed in the name of that Houfe: viz.
Manufcript c< We the Commons now affembled in Parliament, doclaim, profefs,
Narrat. of « and avow for truth the fenfe of the Articles of Religion which were
Pari. 1628. "eftablifhed in Parliament the thirteenth year of Queen Elizabeth,
"which by the publick Adtsof the Church of 'England and the gene-
"raland current expofition of the Writers of our Church have been
"delivered to us, and we rejedr the fenfe of the Jejhites. Arminians,
" and all others wherein they differ from us. Which Declaration of
the Commons, as it gave great animation to thofe of the Calvinian
Party, who entertained it with the like ardency of affection, asthofe
ofEphefus&d the Image of DIANA which fell down from Heaven h
fo gave it great matter of difcourfe to moft knowing men. The
Points were intricate and weighty, fuch as in all Ages of the Church
had exercifed the wits of the greateft Scholars. Thofe which had
taken on them to declare for truth that which they took to be the
fenfe and meaning of the Articles in thofe intricate Points , were
at thebeffc noother than a company of Lay Perfbns met together on
another occafion 5 who, though they might probably be fuppofed for
the
Lord Archbifhop ^Canterbury 181
the wifeftmen, couldnot in reafonbe relied on as the greateft Clerks. L IB. III.
And therefore it muft needs be looked on as a kind of frodigie, that Atom Vom.
men unqualified;, and no way authorized for any fuch purpofe^fhould 1628.
take upon them to determine in fuch weighty matters, as were more ^"*v^w
proper for a National or Provincial Council : But being it pro-
ceeded from theHoufe of Commons, whole power b?gan to grow
more formidable every day than other, no body durft adventure a
Reply unto it ; till Laud himfelf, by whofe procurement his Maje-
fties Declaration had been pubhfhed, laying afide the Dignity of
his Place and Perfon, thought fit to make fome scholia's, or (holt A
notes upon it. Which notbeiug published at that time in Print (for /
ought I have either heard or feen) but found in the rifling of hisSr.i-
dy amongft the reft of his Papers, I fhall prefent unto the Reader in
thefe following words :
And firfl flaith he) the Tublici^ Afts of the Church in nutters of Cant. Doom-
Doftrine are Cations and Acts of Councils, as well for expounding as deter- p. 163-
minings The Ails of the High Commijjzon are not in this fenfe Publicly
Afts of the Church, nor the meeting of a few or more Bifjops Extra Con-
cilium unlefs they be by lawful Authority called to that,wor\, and their de-
cision approved by the Church. Secondly , The current Exposition of
Writers is a jirong probable argument, De fenfu Canonis Eccl'efix vel
Articuli 5 yet but probable : The current Expofition of the Fathers t/jem-
felves havifemetimes miffed Senfum Ecclefiar. Thirdly, Will you rejeft
a\\ fenfe of Jefuite or Arminian.^ May not fome be true? May not fome
he agreeable to our Writers ; and yet in a way that is jlronger than ours
to confirm the Article ? Fourthly, Is there by this Act any Interpretation
made or declared of the Articles or not £ If none, to what end the AH f
If a fenfe or interpretation be declared^ what Authority have Lay-men to
mak» it? F or interpretation of an Article belongs to them only that have
■power to make it. Fifthly, It is manifefl there is a fenfe declared by the
Houjl of Commons, the Aft fays it, (We avow the Article, and in that
fenfe, and all other that agree not with us in the aforefaid fenfe, we
reject (thefe,and thefe go about mi (interpretation of a fenfej Ergo,there is
a Declaration of a fenfe 5 yea,butitisnota new fenfe declared by themj but
they avow the old fenfe declared by the churchy the publick Authentick
A&s of the Church &c.~)yea, but if there be no fuch public^ Auther.tick^
Afts of the Church, then here is a fenfe of their own declared under the pre-
texts of it. Sixthly, It feems againfl the Kings Declaration, 1. That fay s^We
ffialltike the general meaning of the Articles: This Aft retrains them to
(infent of Writers. 2. That fays, The Articles pall not be drawn afide any
way, but that we fhall take it in the literal and Grammatical fenfe: -This Aft
ties us to confent of writers, which may, and perhaps do, go againjl the
htiv ai. fenfe '■, for here is no exception r fo we full be perplexed, and our
tvtzfent reqiiired to things contrary. Seventhly, All confent in all Ages ;
ds faras I ha ve obferved, to an Article or Canon, is to itfelf as it is laid
down in the body of it, and if it bear more fenfet than one, it is lawful
for any man to chafe what fenfe his judgment dire ft s him to, fo that it be
d fenfe fecunddm Analogiamfidei, and that he hold it peaceably without
diffratfing the Church, and this till the Church that made the Article
A a deter-
181 The Life o/William
PART I determine a fenfe : And the wifdom of the church hath been in all
Anno Vom* -dg€so or *n m°ft-> t0 require confent to Articles in general^ as much as
1628. mdy be> bet aufe that k the way ofVnity-, and the Church in high points
t^p^V"*5**) requiring ajjent to particulars, hath been rent j as De Tranfubftantia-
tione, &c.
It is reported of Alphonfo King of Cajiile^ Sirnamed the Wife, that
he lped many times to fay f never the wifer forfo laying) That if he
had flood at God Almighties Elbow when he made the world, he
would have put him in mind of fome things which had been forgotten,
or otherwife might have been better ordered than they were. And
give me leave to fay3 with as little wifdom, (though with no fuch blaf-
phemy_) that if I had ftood at his Lordftiips Elbow when he made
thefe scholia's, I would have put him in mind of returning ananfwer
to that Claufe of the faid Declaration, in which it is affirmed, lhat
the Articles of Religion were ejlablifljed in Parliament in the thirteenth of
gueen Elizabeth. But I would fain know of them whether the Par-
liament they (peak of, or any other fince or before that time, did take
upon them to confirm Articles of Religion, agreed on by the Clergy
in their Convocations, or that they appointed any Committee for
Religion to examine the Orthodoxie of thofe Articles, and make re-
port unto the Houfe. All which was done in that Parliament was
this, and on this oGcafion. Some Minifters of the Church fo ftiffly
wedded to their old Mumftmus of the Mafs 5 and fome as furioufly
profecuting their new sumpfmus of incenforntity, it was thought fit
that between thofe contending parties, the Do&rineof the Church
fhould be kept inviolate. And thereupon it was Ena&ed, That every
perfon under the degree of a Bifhop, which did or fhould pretend to
be a Prieft or Minifter of Gods holy Word and Sacraments in the
Church of England, (hould before Chrijlmafs next following, in the
pretence of his Diocefan Bifhop, teftifie his alTent and fubfcribe to
the faid Articles of the year 1562. Secondly, That after fuch fub-
fcribing before the Bifhop, he fhould on fome Sunday in the Fore-
noon in the Church or Chappel where he ferved, in time of Divine
Service read openly the faid Articles, on pain of being deprived of
all his Ecclefiaftical Promotions as if he were then naturally dead.
Thirdly, That if any Ecclefiaftical perfon Qiould maintain any Do-
clrine contrary to any of the faid Articles, and being Convented be-
fore his Bifhop, &c. and fhould perfift therein, it (hould bejuft caufe
to deprive fuch perfon of his Ecclefiaftical Promotions. Fourthly,
That all perfons tobe admitted to any Benefice with cure, (houldlike-
wife fubfcribe to the faid Articles, and publickly read the fame in the
open Church, within two months after their Induclion, with declara-
tion of their unfeigned affentto the fame, on the pain aforefaid. In
all which there was nothing done to confirm thefe Articles, but only
a pious care expreffed for reformation of fuch diforders as were like
to rife amongft the Minifters of the Church by requiring their fub-
fcription and a(Tent unto them under fuch temporal puniftiments, which
at that time the Canons of the Church had not laid upon them.
But
Lord fir chbijbop of Canterbury iS-
But it is time to leave thefe follies of, my own, and return to our L I B. III.
Biuhop, who had thus feafonably manifefted both his Zeal and Jitog- Anno Vom>
ment in reference to the peace of the Church in general ^ nor (he wed 1628.
he left in reference to the peace of that Univerfity which bra the ^^V"9^
happinefsand honour of his Education. The Proctorfhip had before
been carried by a combination of fome houfes again! t the reft $ the
weaker fide calling in ftrangers and non-refidents to give voices f>r
them. For remedy whereof a Letter in another year was procured
from the Earl of Vembroke^ then Chancellour of that Univerfity^ bv
which it was declared, that only fuch as were actually Refidents (houfd
be admitted to their Suffrages in the faid Elections i which Letter
was protefted againfl by the Proclors for the year 1627. as knowing
how deftructive it was of their plot and party : And on the other
fide, fuch Colledges as had many Chippelrics, and other places.,
which were removable at pleafure, inverted many which came out
of the Country in the faid Offices and Places one after another, there-
by admitting them for the time into actual refidence. In which eftate
things flood when the great competition was, April 23. 1628. be-
twixt William fon of MagJalens, and More of New- Colledge on the one
fide, and Bruch of Brazen-no/e , with Lloyd of Jefcs Colkdge on the
other fide. Thefe lafr pretending foul play to be offered to them
(as indeed it was not very fair) macje their appeal unto the King,
before whom the proceedings being heard and examined, Williamfon
and Lloyd were returned Frottors for that year, the lafr pretending
Kindred to the Dutchefs of Buckingham. And to prevent the like
diforders for the time to come, it was refolved by the King, with the
Advice of his Council, but of Laud efpecially , that the Vro&ors
(hould from thenceforth be chofen by their feveral Colledges, each
Colledge having more or fewer turns, according to the number and
greatnefs of their Foundations. To which end a Cycle was devifed,
containing a perpetual Revolution of three and twenty years, within
which Latitude of time, chrift-church was to enjoy fix Proctors,
Magdalen five, New-Colledge four, Merton^ All-Souls^ Exeter^ Brazen-
Noje, St. Johns) and Wadham Colledges to have three apiece 3 Tn~
nity, Queens^ Orial^ and Corpus Cbrijii to have only two 5 the reft,
that is to fay, VniverQty^ Baliol^ Lincoln^ Jefus^ and rcmbro^e^ but
one alone 5 which Cycle wasfb contrived, that every Colledge knew
their turn before it came, and did accordingly refolve on the fitteft
man to fupply the place. And for the more peaceable ordering of
fuch other matters in the Univerfity, as had relation thereunto, fome
Statutes weredigefted by Laud> and recommended by the King to the
faid Univerfity, where they were chearfully received, without con-
tradiction, and Entred on Record in the Publick Regifters in Decern
her following. Yet was not this the only good turn which that Uni-
verfity received from him in this Year : For in the two Months next
enfuing, he procured no fewer than 260 Greeks Manufcrips to be gi-
ven unto the Publick Library 5 that is to fay, 240 of them by the Mu-
nificence of the Earl of Pembroke^ and 20 by the Bounty of Sir Thomas
Row,then newly returned from his Negotiations in the Eaftern parts.
A a 2 And
The Life o/William
PART I. And now the time of the next Parliamentary Meeting, which by di-
Anno Vom. vers Adjournments had been put off till the twentieth of January,
1628. was neerat hand. And that the Meeting might be more agreeable
t^v^o to hjs Intendments, his Majefty was ad vifed to fmooth and prepare his
way unto it, firft by removing of fome Rubs, and after by fome po-
f pular Acts of Grace and Favour, savil of Yor^iire, a bufie man
in the Houfe of Commons , but otherwife a politick and prudent
Perfon, he had taken off at the end of the former Parliament, by
making him one of his Privy Council , and preferring him to be
Comptroller of his Houlhold, in the place of Suc^lingthen deceafed 5
and at the end of the laft Seffion had raifed him to the honour of Lord
Savil o? Pontfratf. Competitor with savil in all his Elections for
that County , had been Sir Thomas Wentroorth of Wentworth Woad-
houje, a man of mod prodigious Parts, which he had made ufe of at
firft in favour of the Popular Faction, and for refufing of the Loan had
been long imprifoned.He looked on the Preferments of Savil ("his old
Adverfary) with no fmall difdain, taking himfelf to be, as indeed he
was,as much above him in Revenue, as in Parts and Power. To fweeten
and demulce this man, Sir Richard Wejlon then Lord Treafurer, crea-
ted afterwards Earl of Portland, ufed his beft endeavours 3 and having
gained him to the King, not only procured him to be one of his Maje-
fries Privy Council, but to be, made Lord President of the Norths and
r advanced unto the Title of Vifcount Wentvoorth'*, by which he over-
topped the savills both in Court and Country. Being fo gained unto
the King, he became the moft devout Friend of the Church, the great-
eft Zealot for advancing the Monarchical Intereft,and the ableft Mini-
fter of State both for Peace and War, that any of our former Hifto-
ries have afforded to us. He had not long frequented the Council-
Table, when Laud and he, coming to a right underftanding of one
another, entred into a League of fuch inviolable Friendship, that no-
thing but the inevitable ftroke of Death could part them 5 and join-
ing hearts and hands together, co-operated from thenceforth for ad-
vancing the Honour of the Church, and his Majefties Service.
Thefe Matters being carried thus} to affure himfelf of two fuch Per-
fons, in which he very much pleafed himfelf, his Majefty muft dofome-
thing alfo to pleafe the People 5 and nothing was conceived could
have pleafed them more, than to grant them their defires in matters
which concerned Religion, and beftow Favours upon fuch men as
were dear unto them. In purfiiance of his gracious Anfwer to the
Lords and Commons, touching Priefts and Jefuits, the growth of
Popery, and obftinacy of Recufants, he had caufed his Proclamation
to be iffuedon the third of Auguji, for putting the Laws and Statutes
made againft Jefuits, Priefts, and Popiih Recufants, in due Execution :
And now he adds another to it, dated on the eleventh day of Decem-
ber^ for the Apprehenfion of Richard Smith a PopiJJj Prieji, ftyling and
calling himfelf the Bifhop of Chalcedon, a dangerous man, and one
who under colour of a Foreign Title, exercifed all manner of Epifco-
HUlof K. Pa^ Jurifdiction in the Church of England. And on the other fide,
Charles. Archbifhop Abbot 3 a great Confident of the Popular Party in the
Houfe
Lord <iArchbiJhop of Canterbury. tg$
Houfe of Commons, is lent for to the Court about Chrijimas, and L I B. III.
from out of his Barge received by the Archbilhopof Tork. and the Earl AnmVom.
of Dorftt0by them accompanied to the King, who giving him his Hand 1628.
to kits, enjoy ned him not to fail the Council-Table twice a week. And ^^^"^
fo far all was well, beyond all exception} but whether it were fo in
the two next alio, hath been much difputed. Barnaby Potter, Pro-
vofto't Queens Colledge'm Oxon. a thorow-pac d Calvinian (but other-
wife his ancient Servant ) is preferr'd to the Bifhoprick of Carlijle,
then vacant by the Tranflation of White to the See of Norwich. Moun-
tague's Book, named Appello Ctfiirem, muft be called in alfo} not in
regard of any falfe Doctrine contained in it: but, for being thefirfi
caufe of thofe Difputes and Differences which have fince much troubled the
quiet of the Church j His Majefty hoping, That the occafton being taken
away, men would no longer trouble themfelves with fitch unneccffiry Dif-
putations. Whether his Majefty did well in doing no more, if the
Book contained any falfe Doctrine in it} or in doing fo. much, U it
were done only to pleafe the Parliament. I take not upon me to deter-
mine : But certainly, it never falleth out well with Chriftian Princes,
when they make Religion bend to Policy, or think to gain their
ends on men by doing fuch things as they are not plainly guided to
by the Light of Confcience, And fo it hapned to his Majefty at this
prefent time 5 thofe two laft Actions being looked on only as Tricks
of King-craft, done only out of a defignfor getting him more love in
the hearts of his People than before he had. Againft the calling in
of Mountagues Book, it was objected commonly to his difadvantage,
That it was not done till three years after it came out, till it had been
queftioned in three feveral Parliaments, till all the Copies of it were
difperfed and fold •-, and then too, That it was called in without any
Cenfure either of the Author or his Doctrines ; that the Author had
been punimed with a very good Bifhoprick, and the Book feemingly
difcountenanced, to no other end but to divert thofe of contrary
perfwalion from Writing or Acting any thing againft it in the follow-
ing Parliament. And as for Potter, what could he have done lefs in
common gratitude, than to prefer him to a Bilhoprick, for fo many
years Service as Totter in his time had done him both as Prince and
King, So true is that of the wife Hiftorian? fa) When Princes once fa) ^
are in difcredit with their Subjects, as well their good Actions as their femelprinci-
bad are all accounted Grievances. pe ceu bene.
For notwithstanding all thefe preparatory actions, the Commons
were refolved to begin at the fame Point where before they ended. The male fa£ia
Parliament had been Prorogued as they were hammering a Remon- Tacit* Hift
(trance againft Tonnage and Poundage, w\i\c\i animated, chambers, Rouls,
and fome other Merchants, to refufe the payment 5 for which refufal
fome of their Goods was feifedby Order from the Lord Treafurer
Wefton, and fome of them committed Prifoners by the Kings Com-
mand. Thefe matters lb poflefled their thoughts, that a week was
palled before they could refume their old care of Religion or think
of Petitioning his Majefty for a Publick Faft : but at laft they fell up-
on them both. To their Petition for a Faft (not tendred to his Majefty
till
)86 The Life of W^liam
PART F. till tne thirtieth of 'January') he returned this Anfwer the next day,
Anno Vom, ?ti£i "That this Cuftom of Fafts at every Seffion was but lately be-
1628. "gun 3 that he was not fo fully fatisfied of the neceffity of it at this
K^\T^*J cctime; that notwithftanding, for the avoiding of Queftions and Jea-
loufies, he was pleafed to grant them their Requeftj with this
tc Vrovifo, That it fthould not hereafter be brought into Prefident but
cc on grea£ occafions : And finally, that as for the form and times
cc thereof he would advife with his Bifhops, and then return unto both
cc Houfes a particular Anfwer. But fo long it was before that Anfwer
came unto them, and fo perverfe were they in crofting with his Ma-
kefiles Counfels, that the Parliament was almoft ended before the
f aft was kept in London and IFeflminjier, and diffolved many days be-
fore it was to have been kept in the reft of the Kingdom. And for
Religion, they inlifted on it with fuch importunity, that his Majefty
could no longer diflemble his taking notice of it, as a meer artifice
and diverfion to ftave him off from being gratified in the Grant of
'Tonnage and Poundage, which he fo often prefs'd them to. And there-
upon he lets them know, That he underjioodthe caufe of their delay in
his buQnefs to be Religion, of the prefervation whereof none of them
flwidd have greater care than himjelfj and that either it muft be an Argu~
ment he wanted Tower to preferve it (which he thought no body would
affirm) or at the leaf, That he was very ill com felled, if it were in fo
much danger as they had reported.
This notwithftanding, they proceed in their former way. His
Majefty had granted (everal Pardons to Mountague, Cofens, Manwairing
and 6 ibthorp, before-mentioned. Thefe Pardons muft bequeftioned,
and the men fummoned to appear : And Information is preferred by
Jones againft Mountague % Confirmation in the See of Chichejier,
which after many difputesis referred to a Select Committee. Com-
plaint is made againft Neile Bifhop of Winton, for faying tolbme Di-
vines of his Diocefs, That they muflnot Vr each againft Papifls now, as
they had done formerly. MjtJIj 'a 11 and Moor0 two Doctors in Divinity
Cbut fuch as had received fome difpieafures from him) are brought in
to prove it. Upon him alfo it was charged, That the Pardons of
Mount ague and Cofens were of his procuring : Infbmuch that Eliot pro-
nounced pofitively. That all the Dangers which they feared, were con-
tracted in the per fon of that BiJJjop f, and thereupon defired, That a mo-
tion might be made to his Majefty to leave him to the Juflice of that
Houfe. Many Reports come flowing in to the Committee for Reli-
gion, of turning Tables into Altars, adoring towards or before them,
and (landing up at the Gofpels and the Gloria Patri, which muft be
alfo taken into confederation. The Articles of Lambeth are declared
to be the Doctrines of this Church, and all that did oppofethem to be
called in queftion. Walker delivered a Petition from the Bookfellers
and Printers, in complaint of the Reftraint of Books written againft
Fopcry and Arminianifm and the contrary allowed of, by the only
means of the Bifhop of London 5 and, That divers of them had been
Purfevantedfor Printing of Orthodox Books and, that the Licenfing
of Books was only to be reftrained to the faid Bifhop and his Chap-
lains.
Lord <*J rchbijhof of Canterbury. 1 8 7
lam*. Hereupon followed a Debate amongft them about the Li- LIB. III.
cenling of Books, which having taken up fome time, was referred to AnnoVom.
the Committee alfo, as the other was. By thefe Embaraifcs the 1628.
Committee for Religion had work enough, more than they knew how
to turn their hands to. But before they could bring any thing to
perfection, his Majefty was fo exafperated by their rigorous Proceed-
ings againft the Farmers of his Cuftoms, the Imprifoning of A3 on
Sheriff of London, their Voting down his right to Tonnage and Poun-
dage, and their threatning Speeches againft the Lord Treafurer We-
fion, whom he highly favoured That on the fecond of March he
Adjourned the Houfe, and on thetenth of the fame Month Diflblved
the Parliament. At which Adjournment forae of the Members car-
ried themfelves in fuch anundutiful (Imuft not fay a feditioik) man-
ner, that they locked up the doors of the Houfe, put the keys into one
of their Pockets, excluded the Kings Meffenger from coming in to
deliver his Errand, compelled the Speaker to return to his Chair,and
held him there by ftronghand, till they had thundred out their Ana-
thema'^ not only againft fuch as mould dare to Levy the tonnage and
Poundage, but thofe alfo who mould willingly pay it, before it had
been granted by Act: of Parliament 3 for which Contempts and Difo-
bediencies, the principal Sticklers were convented by the Lords of
the Council, and after brought before the Juftices of his Majefties
Bench, by whom they were not only fined, but committed unto fe-
veral Prifons, notwithstanding all they could pretend or plead from
the Petition of Rights which they fo much flood on. So hard a thing
it is to find a cord fo ftrong as to bind the Prerogative, when Riags
have either power or Will to make ufe thereof.
Duringthislaft Parliament, Leighton, ascot by birth, a Doctor of 1629,
Phyfick by Profeffion, a fiery Puritan in Faction,dedicated a moft pe-
ftilent Book unto them,calIed«S,/'<?wP/e^ :In this Book he incited them
to kill all the Bifhops, and to J mite them under the fifth Rib 5 inveighing
alfo againft the Queen, whom he branded by the name of an idolatrefs,
a Canaanite, and the Daughter of Heth. And that this general Do-
ctrine might not be Preached without a particular Application, a
Paper was caft into the yard belonging to the Houfe of the Dean of
St. Pauls, March 2. to this effect^ viz. cc Laud look to thy felf 5 be
" afTured thy Life is fought, as thou art the fauterer of all Wicked-
ecne(s : tvepent thee, repent thee of thy monftrous fins, beforethou
cc be taken out of the World, &c. And allure thy felf, neither
{C God nor the World can endure fuch a vile Counfellour to live,
<cor fuch a Whifperer. Another was found at the fame time and
place againft the Lord Treafurer, who now is made the Scape-Goat,
to bear all thofe faults in Civil Matters which formerly had been im-
puted to the Duke of Buckingham. It was no need to bid them have
a care of themfelves, after two fuch Warnings: Leightonis therefore
brought into the star-chamber as foon as he could be apprehended,
where he was Sentenced to have his Ears cropp'd, his Nofe flit, his
Forehead ftigmatized, and to be whipped: But between the Sen-
tence and Execution he -made his efcape out of the Fleet, though by
better
The Life of William
PART I. better hap to the Warden, than to himfelf, he was retaken in Bedford-
Anno Vom. jhire0 and underwent the puniftiment appointed for him 5 but this hap-
1629. ned not till Nove mber 29. 1 630. The reft of this Year (in reference to
^-^V^W ourprefent Story) was of little Action, Land falling into a burning
Fever on the fourteenth of Augufi, at the Houfe of Windebank^ his old
Friend, by which he was brought to fuch a low and weak eftate,that
he was not able to reach to his own Houfe till Otfober 20. nor to put
himfelf into the Service of his Place till the end of March. Yet fuch
was the A&ivenels of his Spirit, that though his Body was infirm, yet
his Thoughts were working. He faw the Church decaying both in
Power and Patrimony : Her Patrimony dilapidated by the Avarice
of feveral Bifhops, in making havock of their Woods to enrichthem-
felves 5 and more than fo, infilling up their Grants and Leales to
the utmoft term, after they had been nominated to fome other Bi-
fhoprick, to the great wrong of their Succeflbrs. Her Power he
found diminifhed partly by the Bifhops themfelves, in leaving their
DioccrTes unregarded, and living altogether about Weftminfter, to be
in a more ready way for the next Preferment 5 partly by the great
increafeof Chaplains in the Houfes of many private Gentlemen : but
chiefly by the multitude of Trregular Lecturers, both in City and
Country, whofe work it was to undermine as well the Doctrine as
the Government of it. For the preventing of fuch mifchiefs as might
hence enfue, fome Conference had palled betwixt him and Harfnet,
who lately had fucceeded Mountain (before he had half warmed his
Chair) in the See of Torfa and certain Confiderations were refolved
upon to be propounded to the King, for the peace aud well-ordering
of the Church 3 which being reduced into form,and by Land prefented
to his Majefty, were firft figned by his Majefties Royal Hand, and
publifhed in December following by the Title of Hh Majefties Inftru-
ftions to the moft Reverend Father in God George Lord Archbifjop of
Canterbury, containing certain Orders to be obferved and put in execu-
tion by the feveral Bijlwps in his province : Which faid Inftru&ions
were as followeth.
CHARLES REX.
f . That the Lords the Biftwps be commanded to their feveral Sees, there
to l\eep Refidence 5 excepting thofc which are at necejfary Attendance
at Court.
IT. That none of them Rcfide. upon his Land or Leafc that he hath Pur-
chafed, nor on his Commendam, if he hold any 5 but in one of his
Epifcopal Houfes, if he have any fuch: And that hewafte not the
Woods where any are left.
HI. That they give Charge in their Triennial Vifitations^ and at other
convenient times, both by thewjehes and their Arch-Deacons, That
the Declaration for fetling all Jgucflions in difference, be jlr icily ob-
ferved by all Parties.
IV. That there be a fpecial Care fallen by them all, That their Ordinations
be Solemn, and not of unworthy Terfbns.
V. That
Lord lArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
V. That they take great Cure concerning the Le&urers in their Jeveral LIB. Iff.
DioceiTes,/tfr whom We give thefe Special Directions following. Anno Do m.
1. That in all Purifies the afternoon Sermons be turned intoCa- I 6 2 a.
techifwg by ghteftion and Anfwer, where and whenfutver l-^V*^
there is not forae great caufe apparent to breaks this ancient
and profitable Order.
2 . That every Bifiwp Ordain in his Diocefs, That every Lectu-
rer^ read Divine Service according to the Liturgy Print-
ed by Authority in his Surplice, and before /^Lecture.
3. That where a Lefrure is Jet up in a Market-Town, it may he
Read by a Company of Grave and Orthodox Divines-near ad-
*v joyning, and in the fame Diocefs 5 and that they Preach in
Gowns ; and not in Cloaks, as too many do ufe.
4. That if a Corporation do maintain a (ingle Lecturer, he be not
fuffereclto Preach till he profejs his willtngnefs to take upon
him a Living, with Cure of Souls, within that incorporation,
and that he do actually take fitch Benefice or Cure fb foon as
the fame fi) all be fairly procured for him.
VI. That the Bifiiops do incourage and countenance the grave and Or-
thodox Divines of their Clergie, and that they ufie all means by fome
ofthjir Clergie, or other s, that they have knowledge how both Lectu-
rers and Preachers within their DioceJJes behave themfelves in
their Sermons,that fo they mayta^c order for any abufie accordingly.
VII. That the Bifliop fuffer none under Noblemen, and men qualified by
the Law, to have any private Chaplain in his houfe.
VIII. That they take efpecial care, that Divine Service be diligently fre-
quented, as well for the Prayers and Catechifm, as Sermons ; and
take particular notice of all fitch as abfent themfelves as Recufants,
or otherwife.
IX. That every Bifhop, who by Our Grace and Favour, and good opinion
of his Service, fl: all be nominated by Vs to another BifijopricJ^,fijall
not from that day of nomination prefitme to make any Leafe for
three Lives, or one and twenty years, or Concurrent Leaf, or any
way renew any Efiate, or cut any wood or timber, but meerly to re-
ceive the Rents due, and foquit the place 5 For we think.it a hateful
thingthat any mans leaving the Bifljopric/ifhould almojt undo his
Succeffor. And if any man foall prefitme to break, this Order, We
will refufe him at Our Royal Affent, and keep him at the place which
he hath fb abufed.
X . And lafily, We command you to give Vs an account every year on the
fecond 0/ January of the performance of thefe Our Commands.
The Reader may think ftrange thatin the fecond of thefe Inftrudti-
ons we (hould find any Bifhop under a fuppofition of having no Epifco-
pal houfe for his habitation 5 concerning which he is to know, that
theBifliopsof Oxon at that time had no houfe left belonging to their
Epifcopal See, either in the City, or in the Country : but dwelt at
their Parfonage houfes which they held in commendam, as before Dr,
Bridges, who had no commendam within the Diocefs3 did for themoft
B b part
,po We Life o/William
PART I- rnrt'tl n,re^ houfes. For though at the foundation ofthe Bifhoprick
Aim Vom. of Oxon, in the Abbey of Ofeney the King appointed Glocefttr Hall for
1629. theCifliops Palace; yet when that foundation was diffblved, and the
L^7-V^>J Bflhoos See removed to chrifi Churchy the Grant of Glocejier Hall
was diffolved alfo. The Bifhops thereupon retired to fome Country
houfc within the Diocefs, which appertained unto them in the right
of t heir See, as long as any of their Mannours, Land, and Houfes
were left unfold. But they being finally made a prey to the Luft and
Sacriledge of fome great perfons, they have fince lived for the mofr
part in hired houfes, or on their Commendams (if they had any fuch)
within «"heir DioceiTes, till the year 1632. when Dr. John Bancroft
Was m;ide Bifhop of Oxon^ who having at or about that time obtained
of the King that the Vicarage of Cudfden^ about five miles from Oxeny
being of his own proper Patronage and Donation, might be annexed'
for ever unto his Epifcopal Sec, built there at the perfwafion of our
Bifhdp 6f L&frMoft, a very fair and convenient houfe, with a decent
Chappel thereunto, to be the ordinary dwelling place of himfelf, and
his Sncceflbrs. But the houfe proved almoft as fhort lived as the
Founder, being burned down by Colonel Leg^ during the fhort time
1 hat he was Governour of Oxon^ for fear it might be made a Garrifon
by the Parliament Forces 5 though with as much reafon, and more
piety, he might have Garrifoned it for the King, and prefervedthe
houfe.
But to proceed. No fboner were theie Injiru&ions come to the
hand of Archbifhop Abbot 0 but they were prefently difperfed, and
communicated to the Suffragan Bifhops. In this he afted only Mini-
flerially^ anddurfldo no otherwife, but when he came to acl; Authori-
tatively^ in his ownenpacity he betrayed the caufe; he neither liked
the third Infrruclrion for obferving his Majefties Declaration before
the Articles, that being looked on as an Artifice to bring in Arminia-
trifm. Nor was he pleafed with any of the Limitations concerning
Le&tfrcrS) to whom (\is the chief (ticklers in the Puritan Caufe) he was
always favourable § which laft arfe&ion he was 10 unable to conceal,
that when the Dean and Archdeacon of Canterbury had fufpended Pal-
Cant. Doom, mcr and Z)dnay0 two of the LeUurers in that Diocefs, whom they found
p- 513- obflinately inconformable to the Kings Directions; He reftored
them not long after to their feveral Lectures, inhibiting the Arch-
deacon from his Jurifdiftion, andexpofing all that acled in it to con-
tempt and (corn. And if an Archbifhop could be fo unfatisfied for
putting thefe Infrruftions into execution, as his place required, there
is no queftion to be made, but various defcants and reports would
be railed upon them by mod forts of People. The Country Gentle-
men took it ill to be deprived of the liberty of keeping Chaplains in
theii houfes, from which they had not been debarred by the Laws of
the Land. The Laws indeed had taken order, rhat no per fons under
the Degree of a Baron, (fome Judges and great Offices excepted on-
ly) (hould qualifie any of their Chaplains for a difpenfation to hold
more than one Benefice with Cure ofSouls^ or to be difpenfed with for
not refiding on fuch Cures as they were preferred to. And they had
taken
Lord Jrchbijhop of Canterbury.
taken order how many Chaplains every Inch perron, according to his ^ f g. jjf.
Rank and Degree in the Scale of Nobility, fhould be enabled to qua- Anno Vom.
lifie to thofe ends and purpofes: but othenvife all perfons had been 1629.
left at liberty to keep as many as they would, and as long as they v^-V^&J
pleafed, without any comptrol. Nor were the Chaplains better pleaf-
ed, than their Mafters were. For having lived upon hard commons,
and perhaps under fome (mart Difcipline alfo in their Halls and Col-
ledges, they thought that they had fpent their ftudtes togood purpofe
by finding cafe and a full belly in thefeGentlemcns houfes, from whom
there waslbme pofiibility of preferment alio, which better Scholars
then themfel ves might have otherwife hoped for. Such of the Biftiops
as were poflefted of the poorer Bifhopricks, were as much troubled as
the other, and thought it the worft kind of banifhments to be confined
unto the Country 5 complaining privately, that how the Court-Bi-
fhops had ferved their own turns upon the King, they cared not what
miferies their poor brethren were expofed unto h who if they were cori-
ftrainedto live in their Epilcopal houfes, or in any other place within
their Diocelfcs, mudbe conftrained alio to keep up fuch a Port, and
maintain fuch open Hof pitality as their Revenues could not bear. Nor
was it thought a lefs injury to them, that they could not make the befV
of their time, but were required to begoodhufbands for another man.
who was to enjoy the place which they were to leave 5 when they
were fain to take it as it came to their hands, without any preventi-
on going before, or fatisfaction following after.
But greater were the clamours of the Puritan Faction, reviving
all, which had been made againft the like Inftru&ions in the time of
King James, and the late Declaration publifhed by the King reigning.
For what lefs could be aimed at in them than fuppreffing the Divine
Ordinance of Preaching, or at the lcaft a dreadful diminution of the
number of Sermons 5 And what could follow thereupon, but negli-
gence in the Priefts, ignorance in the People, Popery and Superftition
in the mean time gaining ground on both? Spending the afternoons in
teaching the Catechifm wasa work fitter for a Pedagogue than a preach-
ing Minifter, who rather were ordained to provide jirovg meats for
men, than miiki for babes 5 and yet fuch was the ftridtnefs of thefaid
Inductions) in lookingto the observance of the late Declaration, that
they were not fuffercd to fet jirong meats before the people, though ,
men of ripe years, and fdmewhat more than Children in their under-
itandings. Preaching muft be reftrained hereafter to Gods Will reveal-
ed^ to Faith in Chrifc, and Moral duties towards God and men: but
as for hisfecret Will and Purpofein the unfathomable depths of Prede-
jiination^ thole muft bekeptfealed up under lock and key, and none
but. the Arminians havethe opening of them. And yet the grief had
been the lefs \£ Lefturers had been left to their former liberty, and not
tied up to Gown and Surplice^ or fettered with Parochial cures, and
eonfequently with Subfcriptions and Canonical Oaths 3 badges of Ari-
tichrift, and profefled enemies to the pure Freedom of the Gcfpel.
Where might a man repair with comfort to hear Gods Word preach-
ed in truth and fimplicity, the Sacraments adminiftred in their origi-
Bb 2 rial
The Life ef W i l l i a m
PART 1. nalnakednefs 5 to hear Chrift fpeaking in his Prophets, and the Pro-
AnnoVom. phets fpeaking to the People, if this world went on? But notwith-
1629. (landing thefe fecret Murmurs on the one fide, and the open Clamours
ot the other, Land was rcfolvedto do his duty, who fummomng all
the Minifiers and LeUurers about the City of London to appear be-
fore him, made a folemn Speech^ in which he prefied the neceflity of
his Majefries laid InfiruClions for the good of the Church,, and of
.their chearful obedience to them 5 He directed Letters alfo to every
Archdeacon in his Diocefe, requiring them to fee them publVfhed to
all the.Clergy, and to give him an exact account at the end of their
Vim: at ions how they wcreobferved} efpecially infifting on the thitd
Inftruction, For keeping the Kings Declaration, that fo the differences
and difputes in thofe prohibited points wight be laid a fide : The like
care taken alfo by the reft of the Bifhops, but llackning by degrees
when the heat was over g and poffibly in fhort time after they had not
been looked into at all, if Abbot had continued longer in the See of
Canterbury, or that his Majefty had not enjoyned the Bifhops to give
him an exact account of their proceedings in thefaid particulars, not
once for all, but Annually once in every year, on thr;fecorid of Ja-
nuary. Which care being taken for the peace and happinefs of the
Church of England, we will lay hold upon this opportunity for- croU
fing over into Ireland, and taking a fhort view of the ftate of Religi-
on in that Country 5 which from henceforth fhall belookt into more
than hath been formerly.
Concerning which we are to know,tha'c when the Reformation was
advanced in the Church of England, the firftcare was to let the peo-
ple have the Bible, thepublick Liturgic, and certain godly Homilies
in the Englifh tongue 3 asappeareth by the Statutes 2, ^. Edtv. vi. 5,(:.
Edrv. vi. and 1 Eliz. Secondly, The like care was taken of the Ifl-lJI.^
For whofe Inftruction it was further ordered, partly by the Queen,
and partly by Aft of Parliament, in the fifth of her Reign, that as well
/ the Bible as the Common-Prayer Bookfiiould be Translated, Printed,
and Publifhed in that Language 5 one Book of each fort to be pro-
vided for every feveral Church at the Charge of the Parifh. Which
being Printed atthefirft in the large Church- Volume, was afterwards
reduced to a more portable bulk for Domeftical ufes, by the coft and
charge of Rowland Heylyn, Citizen and. Alderman of London, about
the beginning of the Reign of this King. But for Ireland no fuch care
was taken. 'The Acts of the Supremacy, and of the Confederations
of Arch bifhops and Bifhops were received there as before in England,
the Englijf) Liturgie impofed on them by order from hence, and con-
firmed by parliament inthat Kingdom. Which notwithftanding not
only ihe Kernes, or natural wild Irijfj, but many of the better fort of
the Nation, either remain in their old barbarous ignorance, or elfe
adhere unto the Pope, or finally to their own iuperltitious fancies,
as in former times. And to fay truth, it is no wonder that they
fhould, there being no care taken to inftrudt thomdn the if rdtejiant
Religion, either by tranflating the. Bible, or the ^g\\[\\ Liturgie, in-
to their own Language, as was done in M'ahsj but forcing them ro
come
Lord *A rchbijhop of Canterbury. 593
come to the Englifh vService, which they underftood no more than LIB. 1 1 f .
they did the Mifs. By means whereof the Ir/jh are not only kept in Anno Vow.
continual ignorance, as to the Do&rineand Devotions of the Church 1629.
of England : but tho'e of Home are furnimed with an excellent argu- t^"VN>J
ment for having the Service of theChurch in a Language which the
Common people underftand not. - And though • fomewhat may Be
pleaded in excufe thereof, during the unquietnefs or that Kingdom
under Queen Elizabeth, who had the leaftpart of it in her poffeffion j
yet no fufficient plea can be made in defence of it for the time fucceed-
ing, when the whole Country was reduced, and every part thereof
lay open to the courfe of Juftice. So that [cannot look upon it with-
out great amazement, that none of the Bilhops of that Church mould
take care herein, or recommend the miferable condition of that people
to the Court of Englwd.
Now as Popery continued by this means in the Realm of Ireland, fb
Cahinifm was as ftrongly rooted in that part thereof, which profelled
the Doctrine and Pveligionof the Church of England. And touching
this we are to know alfo, thatthe Calviman Doctrines being propa-
gated in both Univeriities by fuch Divines as lived in exile in Queen
Maries time!? one Peter Baroe a Frenchman obtained tooe the Lady
Margarets ProfeU'or irtthe Divinity Schools at Cambridge. This man
approving better the Mel+nclbonian Doctrine of Predomination than
that of Calvin? pubiickly taught it in thofe Schools, and gained in
fhort time very many followers. ivhitil{crwas at that time her Ma-
jeures Profeflor for Divinity there, and p^r^/awatthefamc time was
ofnofmall note, both Calvinifls in thefe points of Do&rine, and both
of them fupralapjarians alfo. Betwixt thefe men and Baroe there grew
Tome difputes, which afterwards begat fome heats, and thofe heats
-brake out atiaft into open Factions. Hereupon' whitaker? Verl{ins?
Chaderton? and others of the fame opinion, thought it expedient to ef-
fect that by power which they were not able to obtain by Argument.
And to that end preoccupate the moft Reverend Archbifhop ivkitgift
with moft'fad complaints touching cnE&upturemadeby'^rm.m that
U-nivcrfity. For remedy whereof^tne Acefrbifho?> calls usto him
Fletcher the Lord Electof London? Fajt^an the Lo^AltAedc of Bangor,
Tyndal Deanof Ely? andfuch Divines as camelBdm^Cdmbrrdge? who
nfcetine athishoule in Lambeth on the twenty fiMth day of November?
Anno 1595. did then and there conclude upon certain Articles,- for
-regulating dilputations in thofe points of Contfov'erlie. Which Ar-
ticles^ being nine in number, are thefe that follow : '
QCflt 'i'Jli/i 1>9"m i\ i.v.n fwv.il j£i ! i.i'/.s.v »\n „.! f/yifjfu* er,t • ■ .'Jnnl .'" *
f . God from alletemity hath prcdefiinatcd certain men nutolife? certain
menhe htith reprobated.
\\. The moving or efficient caufe of Predomination unto life? is not the
fore fight' of Faith? or of perfeverance? or of Godd-workj? or of any
thing that is in the perfbn predejiinated? bitt only the good will and
pleafure^bf'God. • ■'<'
III. There is predetermined a certain number of the Predejiinate which
can tkither he augmented or diminifjed.
r.: IV. Thofe
The Life of William
PART I. IV. Thofe who are not predeftinated to falvation, fiall be neceffirily
Anno Vonu damned for their fins.
1629. V. A true living and jujiifying faith, and the Spirit of God jujiifying, is
t-^V'W not extinguished) falleth not away ,itvanif)eth not away in the Act
either finally or totally.
VI. Antantruly faithful, that is, fuch a one who is endued with a j unify-
ing Faiths is certain with the full ajfurance of Faith) of the remijjion
of his (in S) and of his everlasting falvation by Chriji.
VII. Saving grace is not given, is not granted) is not communicated to ail
men 5 by which they may be faved if they will.
VIII. No man can come unto chriji unlefsit JJjall be given unto hint) and
unlefsthe Father Jfjall draw him 5 and all men are not drawn by the
Father that they may come to the Son.
IX. It is not in the will or powzr of every one to be faved.
Thefe Articles being brought to Cambridge, fo difcouraged Rarot,
that when theordinary timeof his publick readings was expired, he
forfook that place, and not many years after died in London. His Fu-
neral being attended (by order from Bifhop Bancroft) by moftof the
Eminent Divines about that City, which fhews that both the Bifhop,
and the mod eminent Divines of London, were either inclinable to
his opinions, or not fo averfe from them, as not to give a folemn atten-
dance at the time of his Funeral. The news of which proceedings
being brought to the Queen,fhe was exceedingly offendedjConceiving
it a deep intrenchment upon her Prerogative, that any filch Declara-
tion (hould be made in matter of Religion without her Authority.
Once was (he at a point to have them all indited of a Vrxmunire, but
the high efteem (he had of Whitgift, whom fhe commonly called her
blacky husband, reprieved all the reft from the danger of it. Howfo-
everfuch aftricl: courfe was taken for fnppreffing the faid Articles,
that a Copy of them was notto be found in Cambridge for a longtime
after 5 though after the Queens death they began to peep abroad
again, and became more publick. Nor was King James better con-
ceited of them than Queen Elizabeth was 5 for when it was moved
by Dr. Reynolds at Hampton Court that the nine Orthodoxal Affertions
(as he pleated to call them J which were concluded on at Lambeth
might be admitted into the confeffion of the Church of England, the
Ringfo much difliked the motion, that it was prefently reje&ed with-
out more ado. But that which the Calvinians could not get in Eng-
land, they efFetted at the laft in Ireland^ where the true and genuine
Doctrines of the Church of England had been lefs looked after than
at home. For in the year 161 5. a Parliament and Convocation be-
ing holden in Dublin^ it was refolved on by the Archbilhop, Bilhops,
and the reft of the Clergy then affembled, that a Book of Articles
fhould be framed to bethe Publick Confellion of that Church for fuc-
ceeding times } the drawing up whereof was committed to Dr. James
Vfjer ("afterwards Archbifhop of Armagh, and Lord Vrimate of Ire-
Ufliers Life* l^d) a Rigid Caivinifl, but otherwifethe ableft Scholar of that Natf-
p. 49. on: And he accordingly filhioning the Doftrine for that Church by
his
LordzArchbijhop of Canterbury. 195
his owftCtetKeptions, inferted into the faid Book of Articles the nine LI B. FIF.
ConcIufWfe m&\e at Lambeth > to be the (landing Rirle fas he thought Anno Vom*
andhopecr) or that Church for ever. 1629.
And yet they did not ftay there neither. The Sabbatarian Doftrines ^^r^m
had been broached by Bownd in the fame year wherein the nine Ar-
ticles had been made at Lambeth: Which being oppofed by Archbi-
fhop IVhitgift, and never admitted in this Church, were by the cun-
ning of that Faction, and the zeal or diligence of this man, incorpo-
rated into the Body of the Articles for the Church of Lr eland'-, in
which it is declared for a Doctrinal Point, That the jirjl dai of the
IVee^ which is the Lords-day, is wholly to be dedicated to the service of
Cod 5 andthereforc we arc Bound thereinto rejl from our common and
daily Bufnefs^ and to bejioiv that leijiire upon holy Exercifes^ both Public^
and Private. An,d becaufehe concluded in himfelf that the Pope was
Antichrijl) that alfo muff be made an Article of this Confeflion, in
which we find it in thefe words, viz. The Bifljop of Rome is fo far from
being the Sitpreaw Head of the Vniverfal churchy that his Worlds and
Do&rines do plainly difecver him to be the ManofSin3 foretold in the
Holy Scripture^ whom the Lord fall confitme with the Spirit of his mouthy
and abolijl) with the brightnefs of his coming. Add hereunto, That the
Plantation of the Scots in Vlfier (unhappily projected in the time of
Ring James') brought in fo much Puritanifm, fuch a contempt ofBi-
ftiops, fuch a neglect of the Publick Liturgie^ and other Divine Offices
of thisChurch, thatthere 'was nothing lefs to be found amongft them
than the Doctrine, Government,and Forms of Worfhip eftablifhed in
the Church of England. The Pafifls in the mean time encreafing
more and more, grew atthe laft to fo great a confidence, by theclafh-
ingsherein England betwixt the King and his Parliaments, that they
gave themfelves great hope of a Toleration*? • And pofhbly enough
they might have obtained fomewhat like it, if the Irijh Bilhops had
not joyned together in a Protcfiation to^he contrary, and caufed it
to be publifhed in the Pulpit by the Bifhop of Derry0 with infinite
Acclamations of the Protefiant Hearers. Howfoever, the loft hopes
had fo far emboldened them, that they fet up fome Religious Houfes
even in Dublin it felf, fhewed themfelves openly in their Friars Ha-
bits,and publickly affronted hot only the Mayor, but the Archbifhop
of that City. This coming to his Majcfties knowledge, he caufed his
pleafure to be fignified to the Lords of his Council, "That Order
" (hould be taken there, That the Houfe where the faid seminary
cc Friars appeared in their Habits, and wherein the Reverend Arch-
cc bifhop and the Mayor of Dublin received their firft Affront, be
"fpeedily demolished, and be the Mark of Terrourto the Refifters
tc of Authority 5 and that the reft of the Houfes erected or employed
,c there or elfewhere, to the ufe of Superftitious Societies, be con-
cc verted to Houfes of Correction, and to fet the People on work, or
Ec toother Publick ufes, for the Advancement of Juftice, good Arts,
ce6r Trade. Which Order of the Council-Table bears date 31 Ja-
mary 1 629.
That
ip6 The Life of William
PART L That part of the Remonjlrance of the Houfe of Commons which re-
Anno T>om> lated to the Affairs of Ireland, firft alarm'd Laud to take the bufinefs of
1620. that Church into confederation. And that he might be the better in-
^-^v^>J formed in all Particulars which concerned it, he took order with Do-
Cant. Doom. ^.Ql. iyj\[jaM Beadle, defigned unto the Bifhoprick of Killmore, to give
him an exacl: Account of the Eftate of that Church, as foon as he could
make any perfect Difcovery of it. This Order of the Council-Ta-
ble reinforced that cafe., and quickned the difpatch of Beadle for his
fatisfaction, from whom he received a Letter dated April the firft,
Anno 1630. In which he fignified, cc That he had not been unmind-
" ful of his Lordfhips commands, which he was now the better able to
cc perform, becaufe (faith he) I have been about my Diocefs, andean
cc fet down out of my knowledge and view what I (ball relate, and
"fhortly, to fpeak much ill matter in few words. Which faid, he
" lets his Lordfhip.know, That the Eftate of his Church was very mi-
" ferable} That the Cathedral Church of Ardagh -(united to the See
" of Killmore} one of the moft ancient in Ireland, and laid to be built
" by St. Patrick., together with the Bifhops Houfe there, was down
ccto the ground} That the Church at Killmore had been built, but
"without Bell or Steeple, Font or Chalice: That the Parifh-Church-
" es were all in a manner ruined, or unroofed and unrepaired } That
" the People, laving a few Britijlj Planters here and there, (which are
"not the tenth part of the RemnantJ were obftinate Recufants,
"That there was a Popifi Clergy, more numerous by far than the
ccEnglift Clergy } That they were in full Exercife of all Jurifdi&ion
" Ecclefiaftical by their Vicars-general and Officials, who were fo con-
"fident as to Excommunicate thofe that came to the Courts of the
" Protectant Bifhops } That the PopiJJj Primate for Ireland lived within
ec two miles of his Houfe, and the Bifrops in mother part of hisDiocefe
"further off} That every Parifh had their Prieji, and fome two or
"three apiece, and fo their Majfing-houjes alfb 5 and that Majjes are
c£ fometimcsfaid in their Churches} That there were Friars in divers
"places, who went about, though not in their Habit, who by their
"importunate begging did impoverish the People} That Poverty
"was much incrcafed, as well by their paying double Tythes both to
" their own Clergy and the Englip, as by the dearth of Corn, and the
" death of their Cattel} That the Oppreffions of the Courts Ecclefi-
"aftical (which was reckoned for another caufe of the common po-
" verty) were not indeed to be excufed, which for his part he had a
" purpofe to reform } That in each Diocefs there were fome feven or
c.c eight Miniftcrsof good fufficiency } butbeing EngliJJ), they neither
:c underftood the Tongue of the People, nor could perform any Divine
"Offices, nor converfe with them as they ought, and confequently
" could give no ftop to the growth and increafe of Popery } That moft
" of the faid Minifters held two, three, four, or more Vicarages apiece }
•and that fometimcs one man was Clerk of three or four Parifhes,
"which were ordinarily bought, fold, and let to Farm: And finally,
"That by thofe and fuch other means, his Majefty was King as to the
Hearts and Confciences of that People} but fo, that it remained
" wholly at the Popes Difcretion. Here
LwdiArchbiJhop of Canterbury. \py
Here was fufficient work for a Reformation ; and we (hall fee Laud LIB. III.
taking care of it in convenient time. But firft we muft look back to Anno Vonu
England, where wefliallfind a new Honour attending on him. Oh 1650.
Saturday, being the tenth of April, William Lord Herbert Earl of Pern- L-fTvp**J
broke, Lord Steward of his Majefties Houfhold, and Chancellor of the wf'f K°
Univerfity of Oxon. died fuddenly at his Houfe called Bajnardi-Cafile, ar CS'
having then made up the fiftieth year of his life, beyond which it had
been forefigned by fbme Learned Mathematicians that he ftiould not
live. This news being brought to Oxon. the feme night or elfe betimes
on Sunday morning, Laud's friends not only in St. Johns, but in other
Colledges, fo beftirred themfelves, that before noon there was a Par-
ty ftrong enough to conifer that honourable Office on him. V re-wen of
Magdalen Cdlledge being then Vice-Chancellor, Was at that time as
far as Andover in a Colledge-Progrefs, where hearing accidentally
of the Earls deceafe, he made fuch hafte back again to Oxon. that he
came thither before the end of Evening Prayer; and finding his own
Colledgein fo good apofture, advifed withfome other heads of HouA
es, whom he knew to have the fame Inclinations, to make fure work
of it; by whom it was agreed. That a Convocation (hould be called the
next day, to fpeed the bufinefs befdre any other Competitor fliould
appear againft him. Nor did they make more hafte than good fpeed
in it, fome Agents coming thither before night in behalf of Philip
Earl of Montgomery, Brother to the Earl deceafed; and they fo well
difcharged their Truft, thatthofeof the Welch Nation generally, Prz-
deaux, and fome other Heads of Houfes who were of the Calvinian
Party, and the four Colledges belonging to the Vifitationof the Bi-
fhopof Lincoln (that is to fay, Baliol, Orial, Lincoln, and Brazex-nojfe")
were wholly in a manner for him 5 that BHhop (tickling in the Caufe,
not fo much out of love to him, as hate to Laud. But all their diligence
could not carry it as they defired, the Ele&ion pairing clear for the Bi-
(hop of London, of which he was prefently advertifed by the Univer-
fity. On his receiving of which Meflage, he prefently addrefled him-
felf unto the King, acquainted him with what had hapned, and hum-
bly fubmitted the Place unto his difpofal. To which his Majefty moft
gracioudy returned this AnCwer,That he knew none more worthy of it than
famfelf h and that he ftjould rather fiudy how to add firther Hottenrs to
him, than take any from him. On which incouragement, he appoint*
ed Wedncfday the twenty eighth of the fame Month for the Solemnity
of his Inveftiture in that Office, which was performed in a frequent
Convocation of that Univerfity, held at London-Houfe, to the gi?eat
contentment of both Parties.
To add a further Honour tp him, it pleated his Majefty to fend him
the joyful news, under his Royal Signature, of the Princes Birth,. B^'fag'*
born at his Majefties Houfe of St. James's on Saturday May the twenty icCt,5*noI5*
ainth, about one of the Clock in the afternoon. He had the happi-
nefs of feeing the Royal Infant in the firft hour of his Birth, and the
honour afterwards to Baptize him. By ancient Pri viledge belonging
to the See of Canterbury > thote Archbifhops are Ordinaries of the
Court 5 his Majefties Houfhold, wherefoever the fame (ball be, being
C c reckoned
,pg The Life o/William
PART I. reckoned to be his Parihhioners, or of his peculiar. But Abbot being
4mo Da«. at tnat t,me inm"m3 orotherwife of no delirable Company, this Of-
" 16 3 o. fice was devolved on Laud, as Dean of the Chappel 3 and hcaccor-
t^s/^*J dingly performed it. The Birth of this young Prince, as it gave caufe
of great Rejoycingstoallgood Subje&s, fo it gave no friiall matter of
difcouragement to the Puritan Faction, who had laid their Line ano-
ther way, and defired not that this King (hould have had any Chil-
dren ; infomuch that at a Feaft in Fryday-freet, when fome of the
Company (hewed great joy at the news of the Queens firft being with
Child, a leading man of that Faction (whom I could name, were it
worth the while) did not ftick to (ay, That he could fee 710 fuch caufe
of joy as the others did. Which (aid he gave this Reafbn for it 5 That
Cod had already better provided for us than we had deferved, in giving
ficha hopeful Progeny by the g^cen ^Bohemia, brought up in the Re-
formed Religion , whereas it was uncertain what Religion the Kings Chil-
dren would follow, being to be brought up under a Mother fo devoted to the
Church of 'Rome. And I remember that being at a Town in Glocejler-
jlnre, when the news came of the Princes Birth, there was great Joy
(hewed by all the reft of the Parifh, in caufing Bonfires to be made,
and the Bells to be rung, and fending Victuals unto thofe of the young-
er fort, who were moft bufily imployed in the publick Joy : But fo,
that from the reft of the Hollies, being of the Presbyterian or Puritan
Partv, there came neither Man, nor Child, nor W ood, nor Vicruals 5
their doors being (hut clofe all the evening, as in a time of general
mourning and difconfolation.
It was not long after the Birth of this new Prince, that the Feoffees
for buying in Impropriations were called in queftion. The Project took
beginning aboutfour years fince, when Prejion governed the Affairs .
of the Puritan Factions at what time it was refolved amongft them,
tofet up ftipendary Le&ures in all or moft Market-Towns, where the
Peoplebad commonly lefstodo, andconfequently were more apt to"
Faction & Innovation than in other places 5 and of all Market-Towns,
to chufe fuch as were Priviledged for fending Burgeffes to the High-
Court of Parliament : Which that it might be done with the left charge
to the People, who commonly love that Religion beft which comes
cheapeft to them, it was agreed to raife a common Stock amongft them,
for buying in fuch Impropriations as were remaining in the hands of
the Laity. Tothis end they erected a kind of Corporation amongft
themfelves, confifting of twelve Perfbns , Clergy-men, Citizens,
and Lawyers, enabling them to receive and expend fuch Monies
as their Emiflaries (hould bring in from their feveral Circuits, Their
names, Gouge, Offspring, sibbs , and Davenport, Minifter?:, Eyre ,
Brown, White^ and sherland, Lawyers} Geering, Davis, Harwood,
and Bridges, Citizens 5 to whom was- afterwards added Rowland
Heylyn Alderman of the City of Londdrr, by the name of Treafurcr
to the Company, thatthere mightbe a:cafting Voice amongft them,
as occafion ferved. Great were the fums of Mony which the Pi-
ety of the Defign, and the Diligenceof their Limitaries brought in
from their feveral Walks ; moft men admiring;all applauding the noBfe-
nefs
Lord \ArohbiJhoj) of Canterbury. lpp
nefs of fuch a Popular and Religious Act. But fbit hapned, that one L I B. III.
of the Fellows o{ Magdalen Colledge, reforting frequently to a Town Anno Vera.
in Gloccjlerfiire, where one of thefe new Lectures had been founded 1630.
by them, obferved thefe two things : Firic, That the Impropriation <-^V^*
ofthatplace remained in the fame Lay-hands as before it did 5, and
therefore that the Lecturer rauft receive his Stipend from the Profits of
fome other Parifh: Andfecondly, he obferved. That the man there
planted in that Lecture was one of a notorious Inconformity, found
upon further fearch to have been hunted from one DioceG to another,
nil at laft he was filenced upon that account by the High-CommiJJion.
This gave him thefirft hint of making a more diligent Inquiry into
that Defign j and the more he looked into it, the worfe he liked it.
He knew fo much of fome, and heard fo much of all the reft which
were trufted in the Conduct of it, that he could hope for no good to.
the Church of England, from anything of their projeclment} For if
fuch publick mifchiefs be prefagedby Ajlrologer shorn the Conjuncti-
ons of Jupiter and Saturn, though the fir ft of them be a Planet of a molt
fweet and gentle Influence 5 what Dangers, what Calamities might
not befearedfrom the Conjunction of twelve fuch Perfons, of which
there was not one thatwifhed well to the prefent Government ?
Having gone thus fir in the Difcovery, it pleafed the Prefident of
his Colledge, being then Vice -Chancellor, to appoint him to Preach the
Aft Sermon at Saint Maries on Sunday in the afternoon, July n. 1630.
To which appointment he fubmitted, refolving to deliver fomething
in that great concourfe of People from all parts of the Kingdom,which
might ferve to undeceive them in that Particular. He had chofen fur
his Textthofe words in the thirteenth of Saint Matthew, viz. But while
men Jlept, the enemy came and fowed tares amongjl the wheat, and went
hisveay. Beginning to draw toward the end of his Sermon, he thus
began to unfold the Arras, and (hew the Portraicture thereof in as
lively Colours as he could, cc Planting, faith he,alfo many Penfionary
"Lecturers in fo many places where it need not, and upon days of
" common labour, will at the belt bringing forth of fruit, appear to
c:be a tare indeed, though now no wheat be counted tares, &c. We
<c proceed a little on further in the propofal of fome things to be con-
cc fidered. The Corporation of Feoffees for buy ing in of Impropria-
tions to the Churchy Doth it not feem in the appearance to be an
'-: excellent piece of tvheat) A noble and gracious point of piety ? Is
!i not this Te mplum Domini,Templum £><?/«/»z?Butbleffed God, that men
c: fliould thus draw near unto thee with their mouths, and yet be far
c: from thee in their hearts ! For what are thofe intrufted in the ma-
naging of this great bufineGs? Are they not the moft of them the
<c molt active and the belt affected men in the whole caufe, and Magna
"■'Vartium momenta, Chief Patrons of the Faction? And what are
"thofe whom they prefer? Are they not molt of them fuch asmuft
<cbe ferviceable to their dangerous innovations? And will they not
cc in time have more preferments to beftow, and thereforemore de-
pendencies than all the Prelatesin the Kingdom, &c. Yet all this
" while we deep and flumber, and fold our hands in flotfi, and fee per-
haps, but dare not note it. Cc 2 No
'-
2oo The Life o/William
PART I. No iooner were thefe words delivered, but a general conftcrnati-
Anno Dot* on (hewed it felf in the looks of his Auditors. Some honeft and well
1650. meaning men Teemed much to pity his misfortune in beingput (as it
U^"v/*^*J was then generally, butfalfly, thought) on that odious task by fome
higher power,of purpofe to difcourage fuch a pious work which good
men rejoyced at. But greater was the clamour of the Puritan Facti-
on, who in a meeting held that night conceived no punifhment great
enough to inflict upon him which either Law, Malice, or Revenge
could expofe him to. Beingthus alarmed on the one fide, andthreat-
ned by the other, he fent a Copy of his Sermon to the Bifhop of
London, not long before made Chancellour of that ttniverftty 5 and
fignifiedin a Letter therewith fent, that he was both able and ready-
to make good his charge, whenfoever itfhould be required. This
information came opportunely to his Lordlhip, with whom the King
had ufed fome fpeech (as appears by his Breviate p. 1 2.) about refto-
ring Impropriations to the Church, which this new project leemed
to fruftrate. And thereupon he entredit in the Memoranda?;/ at the
end of his Breviatc> viz. To overthrow the Feoffment, dangerous both to
Church and Statc3going under the fpecious pretence of buying in Impropri-
ations. The Preacher in the mean time making a further fearch into
the bufinefs, obferved thefe particulars, firft, That no Impropriation
by them bought, was laid unto the Parifti Church, and fetled upon
rheprefent Incumbent, as was firft expected, that being utterly de-
ftructiveof their defign. Secondly, That a great part of that Reve-
nue wasfpentin maintaining a daily Lecture in the Church of Saint
Antholins at fix a clock in the Morning, to ferve for a seminary for
the training up of fuch Novices as were to be fent into the Country.
Thirdly, That another part of it was laid out, not only for the fup-
port of filenced Minifters, during their own lives, but of their Wives"
and Children alfo after their deceafe, than which there could not be
a greater tye to unite men to them, and make them fticklers in the
Caufe. Fourthly, Thefe Penfions neither were fo fetled, nor their
Lectures fo well eftabliihed in their feveral places : but that the one
might be withdrawn, and the other removed, at the will and plcafurc
of their Patrons, if they grew flack and negligent in the holy cauje,
which fattened a dependence on them to the very laft. It was not
long before Noy9 that Renowned Lawyer, was made his Majefties At-
turney General, to whom the Preacher was commanded to deliver
a particular of all fuch paffages as he had obferved in the carrying on
of this defign 5 the Feoffees thereupon being called into the Court
of Exchequer, the Feoffment damned, the Impropriations by them
bought confifcated to his Majefties ufe, and the merit of the caufe
referred to a further cenfure. And though the Sentence paft not on
them in the Court of Exchequer, Anno 1632. yet I have laid all here
together, that fo I might proceed to the reft of my bufinefs with the
lefs difturbance.
For whileft the bufinefs of thefe Feoffees was under a more ftrict en-
quiry, fome things were acted by this Bifhop, which brought him in-
to the like danger of an Inquifition. Saint Catherine Creed Church in
London
Lord zArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 201
Lo.' oeing ruinous, and in great decay, had in fome places been LIB. III.
Aoialmoft down to the ground, and rebuilt again by the Parifhio- AnnoVonu
ners at fuch time as Mountain was their Bifhop, whofuffered it to be 1650..
madeufe of for Religious Offices without any new confecration of it, V-^V"^*
which coming to the knowledge of Bifhop Laud, he caufed it for a
time to be fufpended from all Divine Service, Sermons, and Sacra-
ments, till it was reconfecrated by himfelf. Which Office he folemn-
ly performed on Sunday January 16. An infinite number of people of
all forts drawing together to behold that Ceremony to which they had
fo long been ftrangers, ignorant altogether of the Antiquity ana the
neceflity of it. The like done alfo at the Church of Saint Giles in the
Fields on the Sunday after 5 which had been generally repaired, and
for the greateft part new built in the time of his Predeceflbr alfo 5 Di-
vine Service, Preaching, and Adminiftration of the Sacraments being
ufed therein, without any fuch Dedication of it, contrary to the
practice of the Primitive times and the Ancient Canons. And that
we may lay thefe things together, the next year after, June the fe-
\'enth, he confecrated a new Church at Hammerpnithy built at the
charges of that Village } and the next year after that, July the feven-
teenth, a new Church built at Stanmorc tnagna^ in the County of
Aiiddlefex^ ere&ed at the fole coft and charges of Sir John IVoljienholm^
one of the Farmers of the Cuftoms, who made that day a fumptuous
and magnificent Feaft for the entertainment of all fuch perfbnsof qua-
lity as reforted thither to behold the Confecration. It was my
chance to beftow a vifit on his Lordfhipathis houfe mFulham^ as he
was preparing to fet forwards to this laft Confecration 5 and being
one of his Chaplains was at that time abfent, and that he was of ordi-
nary courfe to make ufe of two, he took me along with him to per-
form the Office of the Prieft in the folemnity, in which his Chaplain
Bray was to Ad the Deacons. Iobferved all theCircumftances and
religious Ceremonies which were ufed by him in that facred Aftion
from his firft. coming into the Church till his going out, but could fee
nothing in it favouring of that Superftition which had raifed fotnuch
talk amongft ignorant People, and afterwards was certified by Wit-
lingham at the time of his trial in reference to the confecration of
Saint Katherim Creed Church. The Antiquity of which Conlecrati-
ons hath been fhown in our Introduction, performed by the Fathers at
fuch times when the Church hated nothing more than fuperftitious
vanities, or the accumulating of unqeceflary and fruitlefs Ceremo-
nies. The form and manner of it left by our firft Reformers to the
care and difcretion of the Bifhops whom it moft concerned 5 Prefu-
mingthat nothing would be done by them which would not be con-
fident with the Rules of Piety, and the ancient practice Of the Church
in the times foregoing. And fuch a Form was that which this Bifhop
now madeufe o£ digefted firft by the Learned Andrews for his own
particular ufe, but afterwards copied out5 approved and followed
("though poffibly not without fome alterations) by moft Bifhops
elfe.
Nor did he take care only of the Fabrick, the material Church, to
make
zoi The Life of William
~T/^t I. make it fit and ready for Godspublick Service: but that Gods pub-
Anno Vom* lick Service fhould be fo done in it, as might mod tend to the edifi-
i \< 3 o. cation of the Myflical Church, the body aggregate of Gods People.
K*A?m\/m^J His Majefty had took fpecial care, as well by his Proclamation of the
fourteenth of June, 1616. as by his Declaration before the Articles,
1628. for the filencing of all difputes touching Predeftination, and
the points depending thereupon, which had begun to threaten fuch a
general difturb.ince to the peace of the Church. But neither Pro-
clarhation, nor Declaration could perfwade the Calvinian Party unto
any fuch tilence, which they interpreted to be a plain betraying of
Gods Caufe into the hands of his enemies. Somewhat is to be done
to conjure down thefe unruly Spirits, which otherwife would not be
confined within their Circle. Mady, the Lecturer of Chrift-church
near Newgate3 muft needs ftye out upon the Point of Eleclion, and the
motives to it. For this contempt he is called before the Bifhop of
London^ and on fome further mil-behaviour prohibited from Preach-
ing any more within that Diocefs. Eurges (who afterwards pulled
down the Crofs in St. Wads Church-yard) mud needs add fcorn to his
contempt 5 telling his Auditors, that if their Minifter Preached ropery
or Arminiamfn they might change their dwellings, and not trouble
the peace and order of their Church. For which about the fame time
he is queftioned alfo. white, and fome others, in that Diocefs fufpeud-
ed by this BiQiop on the fame occafion.
From the City pafs we to the Court. Where toward the end of
the fame Month we find Davenant Bifhop of Sarum Preaching a Lent
Sermon before the King,and therein falling upon fome of thole prohi-
bited points, even before his face, for which the King being much of-
fended (as he had good reafbn)hecaufed him to be called before the
Lords of his Council.The caufe is managed againft him by Archbifhop
Narfhet (Laud all the while walking by in filencej who gravely laid
before him as well the Kings Piety in letting forth the faid Declarati-
on, as thegreatnels of his, the laid Davcnants offence, in making lb
little reckoning of it. Davenant at firft endeavoureth many defences
to make goodhis Action, but at laft wifely cafls himfelf upon this
fubmiffion, he tells the Lords, ia anfwer to one" of Harfncts objections,
Cb. Hift. lib. he was forry he did no /doner under Jiand his Majejlies intention,
1 1. p. j ^o, which if he had done before , he would have fallen fome other matter to
treat of, which might have given none offence 5 and that for the time to
come be would conform himfdf as readily as any other to his Majcftics
Command. Arundel, Earl Marflial, bids him hold to that, as his fafeft
Plea, and that he (hould proceed to no further defence £ a bad caufe
not being made the better by too much handling. To this counfel
he conforms himfelf. And being afterwards admitted to the kifs of
his Majefties hand (which his attendance might defervc, though his
Sermon did not) his Majefty declared to him his Refolution, That
he would not have this high Point medlcd withal or debated, either the
one way or the other \ becuufe it was too high for the Peoples undcrfland-
ing 5 and that other Points which concerned Reformation and Ntwtrejs
of life, were wore needful and profitable. I hope the lower Clergy will
not
Lord ^Archbijhop of Canterbury. 20$
not fay hereafter as fome did of old, That Laws are like the Spi- LIB. III.
ders Cobwebs, which fuffer the great flies to break through, and lay AmoVom.
hold only upon thole of the fmaller fize. 1650.
From the Court let us go to Oxon. where we find the next. year be- '-^v^sw
ginning (in a manner) with a Sermon Preached at St. Marks Church 1 \ lt
bygone Hill of Heart- Hall, May 24. point blank enough againft his CsnhVoom*
Majefties Declaration, and more than bitter enough againft thofe ofp'173.
different perfwafion from him, whom he charged with handling Scri-
ptures worfe than poor Chrijiians were by the Turl^ at Tunis, enforcing
them to the vajfallage of the foulefl errours^ not without fome reflection
on the Higher Powers by whom they were mifchieved into honour.
For which indifcretion being convented before the Vlce-Chanctllour,
and Heads of Houfes, ( but not without the Chancellors privity) he
confeffed his fault, and craved pardon for the fame, which he obtained
on his fubmiffion made in the Convocation the fixteenth of" July fol-
lowing. But worfe it fared not long after with Ford of Magdalen
Hall, Hodges oF Exeter Colledge, and Thome of Baliol, who in their
feveral Sermons had not only committed the like error, but charged
their Renovation of fome ancient order in the Church, to be no other
than plain Innovation. Quefcioned for this by smithy then Warden
o&Wadhani Colledge, and Vice-Chancellor of that Univerfity, they
appeal from him to the Convocation. The Proctors, having unadvi-
fedly received the Appeal, were at the point to have named Delegates
when smith appealed to the King: But they took their aim amif^
when they (hot this bolts For both his Majefty and the Chancellor
were alike concerned init 3 the King, to jaftifiehis Declaration y the
other, to preferve his own power and dignity 5 neither of which could
have been done, but by defending Smith in his lawful acting. On
the twenty third of Augufl all parties interefled in the Caufe appeared
before the King at Woodfloc^ who after a full hearing of both Cides,
it was ordered thus, That the three Delinquents fhould be expelled
the Univerfity 5 Doughty and Bruch, the two Pro&ors^ {hould be de-
prived of their places : Prideaux and Wilkin fan (this lafy then Prin-
cipal of Mrgdalen Hall) being checked for ftickljn^ fo much in .it^
and glad they were that they efcaped without further cenfure. But
they (hewed not the fame mercy which they found i for Rainsford of
Wadham Colledge, Preached at St. Maries in Augufl following in de-
fence ofVniverjal Grace, and Mans Election unto Itfel from Faith fore-
fen. No man more forward than Trideaux to appreach him of it,
on whofe complaint and profecution he was fentenced to a publick
acknowledgment of his offence in a form prefcribed 3 which was as'
much as had been done in the cafe of Hill. So that the Rigid Calvi-
nians can pretend no ju'ft ground for that fo great Calumny, that none
but they were cenfured from Preaching thofe prohibited Doctrines j
thole of the Arminian Party (as they commonly called themj going
ofTunpuniftied.
From Oxon.croCs we into Ireland, where we (hall foe Lauds care as
great for preferving the Kings Authority and the Churches peace as
it was in Ehqland. Vfoer, the Lord Primate of that Church, had pub-
lifted
204. ^'/* e/W ILLIAM
— ! ■ 1 ■ . 1
,PvT h Viflied a rk>ok this fame );ear in the Latine Tongue, called, IheHi-
T>om. ftpijy of GvUefchalchus : For which he was after much extolled by Twijfc
1 6 2, 1. of Newbury > as profeiTed a cWi-itf/d* as himfelf, in a Letter of his dat-
uJ^V^fcJ cdAUy 29. 1640. "For, having firft commended him for his great
ec learning and various reading manifefted in his Book De Primordik
<c Britannia arum Fccleffaruw^ he magnifies next his lingular wifdom for
" taking an occafion to infert therein theHiftory of the Pelagian Here-
xc f/e, coming fo opportunely in his way § and then he addeth that his
"Hiftory of Gottefchalchus pas a piece of the life nature, and came
^ forth mojl Jeajonable, fb much the more becaufe it feerhed to give
fome check to a Book written by Vo\jtus, a right Learned man, which
had been much cried up by the Remonjlrants. Downham then bifhop
of Deny had fomewhat before that pabliftied a Difcourfe about Per-
feverance, wherein fome PafTages were found directly thwarting his
Majefties raoft pious purpofe in the (aid Declaration : But *VjJ}crs
Book being writ in Latin, gave the lefs offence. Nor feemed it fit to
put any publick difgraceon a man to Vvhom the Government of the
whole National Church had been committed by King 'James of moft
BlefTed Memory. By queftioning and fupprefling Downham 's Book,
he might be made as fenfible of his Error in writing thearbrefaidHi-
ftory, asithisown had been made fubjeft to the like condemnation.
His Majefty therefore gives him Order, by Letters bearing date at
tVoodjlocl^, Angufi 24. (the next; day after the faid Sentence of Thorn,
Hodges, €>v.) to call in Bifhop Downham % Book, who thereupon fent
out Warrants, and caufed all the Books that were unfent into England,
to be feifed on : but lb long it was before the King had notice of ir,
and folong after that, before his Letters cattle to the Lord Primates
hands, which was not till the fifteenth of Ottober following, that almolt
all the Copies were difperfed in England and Ireland, before the com-
ing out of the Prohibition. And for preventing of the like for the
time to come, a Command is laid on Beadle Bifhop of Killmcre (which
ftieweth that Vfier was not thought fit to be trufted in it) to have an
eye unto the Prefs, and to take care that nothing hereafter fhould
be publilhed contrary to his Majefties faid Dire&ions: So Beadle in
hisXetter to the Bifhop of London, dated November 8. 1 63 1 . Which
cire being taken for the Peaceof that Church, and nothing elfe pre-
fentedto us on that fide of the Sea to detain us any longer there, we
will hoife Sail again into England, where we find more Work.
More Work indeed, and far the greateft not only of thi'sprefent
year, but the greateft of this Bifhops Life : A Work before in project,
but in projeel only. None had the Courage or the Power to carry it
on fo far as he : Hecould not reft under the (hade of thofe vaft Ruines
of St. Paul's Church (his own Cathedral), without continual thought,
andfomehopes withal of repairing thofe deformities in it, which by
long time had been contracted. Of the firft Founding of this Church
by Ethelbert King of Kent, the firft Chriftian King and the fixth Mo-
narch of the Saxons', and the Enlargement of the fame by Erfenwald
the fourth Bifhop of it, we have fpoke already : and now we are to
know. That their old Fabrick being much wafted by F ire in the time
Lord \ArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
of the Gonquerour, Mauritius then Biihopof London, Anno 1083. be-LF B. \\\%
ganthe Foundation of that moil: magnificent Pile now Handing, viz. Anno ~Dom*
all the Bodv of the Church, with the South and North crofs Ifies. 1 6 3 1.
Toward which Work hernadeufe of a great part of the Materials L*^~v>*i
of the old Palatine Caftle ((landing in the fame place where the Co-
vent of the TAackjfriars was after built) great part whereof had pe-
rifhed by the fame Fire alfo. But the Foundations which this worthy
Biftiophad laid, being finable to his mind, were fo vail, astheHifto-
rian obferves3 (a) That though he profecuted the Work twenty (i)Hu]uslab<t.
years he left the performing thereof to the care of Pofteritv : a- n°fi°Peru
J n_ i • i r j 1 or n_ j , . . n ^ , penfam tranf-
monglt which, none more tranlcendently ariecied to this buhnefs, than mifit adpofte-
hisnext Succeilbr Richard Beaumis, (Z>)who bellowed the whole re- 1°':
venue of his Biihoprick upon it, fupporting himfelf and his Family fuJ,& Jt/jfit
by other means. And after him (fome other Biihops fucceeding be- ciorum ad be-
tween them ) that Richard, who was Treafurer to King Henry ii. being jf!!lj"am/fe~
made Bithop or London in the nrlt year ot King Richard, bellowed tlm* magnam
great Sumsof Money in the Reparation of this Church, and the Epif- mlend,t PecH:
copal Houfes which belonged untoit. But all this Charge was prin- inca'tal.EpTfc.
- cipally laid out on the main Body of the Church, and the Crofted
Ifles thereof, the Choire not holding Proportion with fo vafr a Stru-
cture : So that refolving to make it fairer and more capacious than be-
fore, they began with the Steeple, which was fjnifrjed in Anno 1 221.
(5 Hen. 3.) In which year the Dedication of it was celebrated- with
great magnificence, the King himfelf, Othothe ropes Legate, Edmund
Archbilhop of Canterbury, Roger firnamed Niger then Bifhop oT Lon-
don ("a chief Advancer of the WorkJ with five other Bifhops, befides
infinite multitudes of the Nobility, Gentry, Citizens, and others of
the Common People from all parts of the Land, being prefentat it.
Nor is it to bethought that the Charges of that Irately and magni-
ficent Structure was fupported by the Biuhops only, or ifiued out of
fuch Revenues as belonged unto the Dean and Chapter.- but that the
Clergy and People generally, both of England and Ireland, contri-
buted largely to the Work 5 the People of thofe Times, out of their
Devotion to Gods Service, being eafil'y incited to further all Works
of this nature as occafion offered. And this appears by the fundry
Letters of feveral Biuhops of both Nations, to the Clergy under their
Jurifdiclions, for recommendation of that bufinefs to their particular
Congregation, many of which are extant frill upon Record. Nor
were the People flirredon only by the follicitation of their Priefts, or
the exhortatory Letters of their feveral Prelates 5 but by the grants
of fuch Indulgences, and relaxation from their feveral and refpeclive
Penances, which in thofe Letters were extended unto all forts of peo-
ple, who with a chearful heart and liberal hand did promote the Ser-
vice : By means whereof fbme men contributed Materials, others
lent in Money 5 and many Mafons, Carpenters, and other Artificers,
who were to labour inthe Work, beftowed their pains and toilupon
it for lefs consideration and reward than in other Buildings. Befides
which, Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln is faid to have been a principal
Benefactor to that part of it which was then called the Nerv-worti, in
Dd a
i©6
The Life of William
PART L a Chappel whereof, dedicated to St. Dunflan, we find his body to be
Anno'Vom. interred. And fo was Ralph de BaldocJ^aKo, both while he was Dean,
i 6 3 i. and when hewasBifhop of this Church 3 whofe Body was alfo buried
l^V^J in another part of xhe New-rporli, called Our Ladies chappel.
But this-vflft Pile, the work of fo long time, and fo many Ages, was
on the fourth of June, Anno 1561. in danger to be fuddenly confumed
by a violent Fire, beginning in the Steeple, and occafioned by the
negligence of a Plummer,who left his pan of coals unquench'd at his
goingto dinner. A Fire fo violent, that in the fpace of few hours it
confumed not only the Steeple where it firft began5 but did fpread it
felf to the upper Roof of the Church and Hies, totally burning all
the Rafters, and whatfoever elfe was of combuftible nature. The
Queen knew well, as well as any, that the Revenues of that Church
were fo dilapidated, that neither the Bi(r)opsthemfdves,nor the Dean
and Chapters, were able to repair theleafr part of thofe Ruines which
the Fire had made: And thereupon out of a deep apprehenfion of
that lamentable Accident, forthwith directed her Letters to the Lord
Mayor of London^ requiring him to make fome fpeedy Order for its
repair; and to further the Work, gave out of her Purfe 1000 Marks
in Gold, as alfo a Warrant for icoo Load of Timber to be taken out
of her Woods, and elfewhere. Nor were the C'tizens flack herein j
for having given a large Benevolence,they added three whole Fifteens
to be fpeeildy paid for that purpofe^all which amounted to three thou-
fand two hundred forty feven pound fixteen (hillings two pence half-
peny. The Clergy of England within the Province of Canterbury^
freely contributed the fortieth part of all fuch Church Livings as were
charged with Firft-fruits, and the thirtieth part of all their Benefices
not fo charged 3 thole of London only excepted, whobefides the thir-
tieth part of fuch as paid Firft-fruits, gave the twentieth part of all the
reft: Which Contribution of the Clergy amounted to one thoufand
four hundred fixty one pound thirteen (hillings and eleven pence ,
whereunto was added, by the benevolence of the Bifhop oC London, at
feveral times, coming in all to nine hundred five pound one (hilling
and eleven pence 3 By the Dean and Chapter one hundred thirty fix
pound thirteen (hillings and four pence : and made of the (urplulage
of Timber one hundred nineteen pound three (hillings and nine pence i
Givan by the Juftices and Officers of the Common Pleas thirty four
pound five (hillings 5 and by thofe of the Kings Bench feventeen pound
fixteen (hillings eight pence: All which together made no more thai*
fix thoufand feven hundred and two pound thirteen (hillings and four
pence. And yet with this finall Sum (fuch was the cheapnefs of thofe
Times J the Work was carried on fo profperoufly, that before the
Month of April 1566. all the Roofs of Timber (whereof thofe large
ones of the Eaft and iVeft, framed in Torl{Jhire, and brought by Sea)
were perfectly finifhed and covered with Lead 3 the adding of a new
Steeple being thought unnecefTary (becaufe too chargeable^ though
divers Models have been made and prefented of it.
The whole Roof being thus Repaired, the Stone- work of it ftood
as before it did, fenlibl v decaying day by day, by reafon of the corro-
ding
LordzArchbifhop of Canterbury. 207
ding quality of the Sea-cole fmoke, which on every fide annoyed it.- LI B. tlU
Which being obferved by ont Henry Farley, about the middle of the Anno Dsni
Reign of King James, he never left follicitingthe Ring by feveral Pe- I 6 5 i.
titions and AddrelTes, to take the Ruinous Eftate thereof into his <-^V«w
Princely Confideration, till at laft it was refolved on by the King.
And to create the greater Veneration to fogood a Work, hebeftow-
ed that magnificent Vifitonit, defcribed at large in the firftBook of
this Hiftory, Anno 1620. The produfrand refult whereof was, the
iffuing out a Commiffion under the Great Seal of England, bearing
date the fixteenth day of November then next following, direfted to
Sir Francis °]oneslkri\%)nX^ then Lord Mayor of London? George Lord
Archbifhop of Canterbury, Francis Lord Verulam then Lord Cnancel-
lor of England, and divers others, to the number of fixty perfons
and upwards : Which Commiffion importing, That this Church be-
ing the greareft and raoft eminent (as alfo one of the principal Orna-
ments) of the Realm, and in much decay, any fix or more of thefe
Commiffioners, whereof three to be of the faid Kings Privy-Council,
fhould meet to make Particulars of the decay, and Iikewife what
Houfes, Cellars, &c. had been built near it, either to the annoy-
ance of it, or the Church-yard : And moreover to Inquire what
Lands, Rents, &c. had been given towards its Repair, or Sums of
Money colledredtothatpurpofe, and not accordingly employed : And
further to confider of themoftfitand proper means to raife money to
carry on the faid Repair : And laftly, to appoint Surveyors and other
Officers of their Work, and to make Certificate of their Proceedings
therein, into the Chancery. Upon the Meeting of which Commiffi-
oners, and diligent fearch made into the Particulars afore-mentioned,
it was acknowledged that the Bilhop of London had the whole care
of the Body of that Church, and the Dean and Chapter of the
Choires : But that which each of them enjoyed to this purpofe. Was
fo little, that they yearly expended double as much upon the Roof
and other parts decayed, to prefer ve them from prefent ruine. Which
being made evident to the Commiffioners,as alfo that in former times,
even from the very firft foundation thereof, it had been fupported
partly out of the large Oblations of thofe thatvifited the Shrines and
Oratories therein, and partly from Publick Contributions in all parts
of the Kingdom 5 It was concluded to proceed in the fame way now,
as had been done formerly. And that it might proceed the better,
the King himfelf, and many of the principal Nobility andGentry,de-
clared by their Subfcriptions (for the encouragement of others to
fo good a Work) what Sums they refolved to give in purfuance of it :
Do&or John King, then Bifliop of London, fubfcribing for icq I. per
Annum as long as he (hould continue in that See. Mountain who
(ucceeded not long after in that Bifhoprick, procured with great
charge and trouble fome huge maffie Stones to be brought from Fort-
land, for the beginning of the Work : But money coming flowly in,
and he being a man of fmall activity, though of good afTe&ion, the
heat of this great bufinefs cooled by little and little, aud fo came to
nothing.
Dd 2 But
©8 &be Life of W i.lliam
PART Is ^ut I-aHd Succeeding him in the See of London, and having defer-
Anno Vom. ' vedly attained unto great Authority with his Majefty, no fooner faw
j his Office fetled both at home and abroad, but he poffeffedhim with a
t^V^-) Loyal and Religious Zeal to purfue that Work, which King James
had fo pioufly defigned, though it went not much further than the
bare defign. Few words might ferve to animate the King to a Work
fo pious, who aimed at nothing more than the Glory of God, in the
Advancement of the Peace and Happinefs of the Church of England :
And therefore following the example of his Royal Father, he beftow-
ed the like Vifiton St. Pauls, whither he was attended with the like
Magnificence, and entertained at the firft entrance into the Church
with the like Solemnity. The Divine Service being done, and the
Sermon ended, which tended principally unto the promoting of a
Work fo honourable both to his Majefties Perfon, and the Englifh
Nation 5 his Majefty took a view of the Decays of that Church, and
there Religioufly promifednot to be wanting in the Piety of hisbeft
Endeavours, to the Repair of thofe Ruines which Age, the Ca-
fualties of Weather, or any other Accidents had brought upon it.
In order whereunto, in the beginning of this year he iffued out his
Royal Commiffion under the Great Seal of England, bearing date the
tenth of April in the feventh year of his Reign, directed to Sir Robert
DttcyLord Mayor oftheCityof London, George Lord Archbifhop of
Canterbury, Thomas Lord Coventry Lord Keeper of the Great Seal9c£r.
William Lord Bifhopof London, RichardLord BiQiop of Winton, John
Lord Bilhop of Ely, &c. Nicholas Rainton, Ralph Freeman, Rowland
Heylyn, &c. Aldermen of the City of London, Edward Way mack^, and
Robert Bateman Chamberlain of the faid City of London. In which
Commiffion the faid King taking notice of this Cathedra], asthegood-
iieft Monument and moft ancient Church of his whole Dominions, as
alfo that it was the principal Monument of the City of London, the Im-
perial Seat of this his Realm 5 and moreover, That the Commiffions
iffued out by his Royal Father (as heretofore had been obferved)
were flackned by reafonofhis death, but he refolving to go on there-
with effectually, declared as followeth : viz. i.That all Money brought
in for Repair thereof, fjouldbe paid into the Chamber of London, a. That
William Laud then Bijhop 0/London offered to allow 100 1. per Annum
wt of the Revenues of that Bifhopricf^, during his continuance therein.
3. That a Regijier-Book_fljould be made of all Subfcriptions for Contri-
butions thereunto, as had been done in King James his time. 4. That
the Judges of the Prerogative Court, and all Officials throughout the feve-
tal Bijhoprickj in England and Wales, upon the Deceafe of any Verfon
Intejiate, flwuld be excited to remember this Church, out of what was pro-
per to be given to pious ufes : And laftly, That Commiffions fjould be
ijfued throughout the whole Kingdom. Which Commiffions were exe-
cuted in the Country with care and diligence, and feconded fo
ftrongly by the power and follicitation of this pious Prelate, that the
money came flowing in apace fomuch being railed by Legacies, by
money given to pious ufes, and other free and voluntary Contributi-
ons, before theiffuing out of thofe Commiffions. as enabled the grand
Com-
LorcTi^ircbbiJhop of Canterbury. 209
Commiffioners to begin the work. Infomuch that on the fixteenth of L I B. III.
December, Anno 1692. they found that there had been brought into AnnoVom*
the Chamber of London the Sum of 5416/7. 13s. 6. d.And in April next 16 3 1.
enfuing the Work-was begun: Thehoufesadjoyning to and near the <-^V^J
Church being compounded for, and plucked down, a great part of
the Church-yard palea in for Mafonsto work in, and an order given
to Inigo Jones> Surveyor-general of his Majefties Works3on the twen-
ty fixth of June next following, to prepare Scaffolding for the fame.
Which Preparations being made, the firftftoneof this new Work was
folemnly laid by ourBifhop himfelf, thefecond by Sir Francis Winde-
bank?, his Majefties principal Secretary of State, and the third by
Sir Henry Martin Knight, then Judge of the Prerogative Court, and
the fourth by the (aid Inigo Jones, chief Surveyor of that Fabrick 5
each of them giving money liberally amongft the Workmen, the bet-
ter to encourage them to proceed therein with all honeft (peed. The
Quire or Chancel being firft finifhed, the work was carried on to the
North part of the Croft Ifle, and fo unto the Weftern part or main
body of the Crofs Ifle, and fo unto the Weftern part or main bo-
dy of the Church. This worthy Prelate continuing the Piety of
his endeavours towards the compleating of this ftatcly and Magnifi-
cent Structure, as well when he was Archbifhop of Canterbury (to
which dignity he was promoted in September following) as when he
was Bifhop of 'London, and was more nearly concerned in the affairs of
that Church.
And though it be affirmed by a late Hiftoriau, that many had no fancy Ilift. of K".
to the rvork^ bccaufe he promoted it 5 yet on the contrary it is known, Ch. by H.L«
that had not he promoted it,there were not many would have had the
fancy to a work of that nature. Some men in hope of favour and pre-
ferment from him, others to hold fair quarter with him, and not a few
for fear of incurring his difpleafure, contributing more largely to it
than they had done otherwife 5 if otherwife they had contributed at
all. Certain I am, that the Regular Clergy were fo forward in it,
that being called together by their feveral Ordinaries^ few of them
gave fo little as a fingle tenth, many a double Subfidy, raoft in the
middle betwixt both, to be paid in three, four, or five years, as the
work continued. Which joyned together mounted to a liberal fnm,
not reckoning in the Deans and Chapters, whom it more nearly did
concern to fupport that Fabrick than thofe of the Parochial Clergy,
And yet it cannot be denied, but that it met with many rubs, and
mighty enemies. The Puritan Minifters and their Adherents inveigh-
ed againft it as the repairing and adorning of a Rotten Reliqne 5 infi-
nuating to the people ("as they found occafioaj that it was more a-
greeable to the Rules of Piety to demolifh fuch old Monuments of Su-
perftition and Idolatry than to keep them ftanding. For remedy
whereof order was given to fuch as Preached at Saint Pauls Crofs, and
other publick places both in City and Country, to reprefent unto
their hearers ail thofe feveral motives which might not only ferveto
juftifie, but endear the Work 5 nor wanted there fome zealous Pa-
triots (or fuch as were defifcous to be fo accounted ) on the other fide,
The Lif-eof William
PART I. who gave it out to be a cheat, a mear Court device to procure mo-
Anno Vom> ney for the King without help of Parliaments 5 which project if it
1 6 3 1. might fucceed, the King (Taid they) would grow too abfolute, and
i-^"V^>J take unto himfelf an Arbitrary form of Government, the People for
Btbl-Regia. want Qf parliaments being left remedilefs 3 which falfe report coming
e -3.r1.14. tQ^s Majefties ears, he was compelled to make this Declaration of
himfelf in all fuch following Commiffions as were difpatched into the
Country, that he had not only commanded, That the work^ of Repara-
tion Jloould begin, hut had caufed an entrance to he made into it^ and
that he was conjiantly rejohed to follow it till it was brought to perfection,
whereof he required the CommiJJioners to Jatisfe all his lovivg Subje&s
of the clearnefs of his Royal Intention therein, and to ajfurethem in his
Name, that all rumors and imaginations, as of diverting the money to any
other purpofe, was but the fancies of men either grofly malevolent, or
caufekjly jealous and difirutfful.
The Subject being thus affured, the Clergy active, and the Nobi-
lity giving good example unto all the reft, the work was fo followed
by the care of this powerful Prelate, that before the year 1640. the
whole body of it was finiihed, and the Tower or Steeple Scaffolded to
the very top, with an intent to take it down to the very Arches, and
raife it to a more ftately height than it had at the prefent, with four
great Pmacles^at each Corner one) the Arches being thought unable
to fupport the burthen of fuch a Steeple as before was fired. And
though the publick Contribution which was brought into the Cham-
ber of London amounted to the Sum of 101330/?. 4/. 8d. yet there
wasfomething more done in it by the Munificence of the King, and
the bounty of the private Subject. His Majefty to give life to the
Work had fentin firftandlaft 10295/7. 5/. 6d. toward thefaidSum,
with part whereof he caufed a ftately Portico to be erected at the Weft
end of the Church, raifed on Corinthian Pillars, where he placed the
Statues of his Royal Father King James, and himfelf, for a lafting
memorial of this their advancement of fo glorious a work. Which
Portico was intended to be an Ambulatory for fuch as by ufual walking
in the body of the Church prophaned the place, and difturbed the
Divine Service in the Choire. And on the other fide. Sir Paul Pindar
Knight (fometime Embafiador from King fames at Conftantinople)
firft repaired the decays of that goodly Partition, made at the Weft
end of the Choire, adorning the outward Front thereof with fair Pil-
lars of black Marble, and statues of thofe Saxon Kings who had been
Founders and Benefactors to that Church 5 beautified the inward part
thereof with Figures of Angels, and all the Wainfcoat work with Fi-
gures and Carving, viz. of Cherubins,z*A other Images richly guildedj
adding alfo fine forts of hangings for the upper end thereof, and after-
wards beftowed 4000//. in repairing the South part of the Crofs Ijlt*
But as this Bilhop fell, the work fell with him the yearly Contributi-
on abating in the year 1 64 1 . when he was plunged into his troubles,
from 15000//. and upward, tolittle more than 150c//. and after by
degrees to nothing, which clearly Ihews upon what Wheel the whole
Engine moved, whofe foul it was, which gave both life and motion
to
Lord (zArcbbifhop of Canterbury . 211
to that great delign. A work of fuch a vaft Magnificence as required LIB. II T.
a large and open heart, commenfurate in fome manner to the greatnefs Anno Vom.
ofit, not to be entertained by a man of fuch narrow comprehensions^ as I 6 3 i.
were afcribed unto him in a Speech made by one of the Peers, 'when he <-<??""V"^*J
firft fell into his troubles. So eafie a thing it is to difgrace the man whom
the weight of his afflictions have once made uncapable of (landing up a-
gainft fuch reproaches as the Pens or /Tongues of his tvevilers (hall accu-
mulate on him.
Better fuccefs he had in another of his undertakings, though not of
fuch a publick nature, or of fo general concernment to the honour of
the Church and State. He had received his breeding and firft Prefer-
ments in St. Johns Collcdge in Ox on. which he refolved to gratifie for
the charge of his Education, by adding a fecond Quadrangle unto
that of the firft Foundation. The other great work he carried on by
the publick Purfe, contributing little more unto it (befides his annual
penfionof 100/z.) but his power and diligence. But this he means to
carry on at his own proper Cofts, his Majefty moft gracioufly con-
tributing fome timber towards it out of shot-over woods, of which the
Lord Treafurer endeavoured ( but in vain endeavoured ) to have
made a ftop. Some Benefactor had before enricht the Colledge with
a Publick Library, which made one fide to his new Building, theo-
ther three he added to it of his own. That on the North confided al-
together of fevetal Chambers, for the accommoc'.ations of the Fellows
and other Students. That on the Eaft of a fair open walk below3
fupported upon curious Pillars, and bearing up a beautiful Gallery,
openingoutof the Library, for Meditation and Difcourfe : confronted
on the other fide with the like open walk below, and a futable Fa-
brick over that raifed up againft the Eaftern wall of the Ancient Buil-
dings. Thew hole compofure faChioned in an excellent Symmetry ac-
cording to the exacted: rules of Modern Architectures not only grace-
ful in it felf, and ufeful to that private houfe, but a great ornament al-
fo to the Univerfity. St. Johns in Cambridge (hall boaft no longer of
its precedency, before this in a double Quadrangles in which it ftands
equalled at the leaft, if not furmounted alfobythis of Oxford. On
the twenty third of Jttfy, in this pfefent year, he laid the firft ftone
ofthis new building, not intermitting it (but only during the unfeafo-
nablenefs of the following Winters) till he hadbrought it to an end,
according to his firft defign and proportion. Nor did thefe publick
buildings take him off in the leaft degree from doing the Office of a
Bilhop. His eye was always watchful over the Churches peace. And
to preferve his own Diocefs both in peace and order, he beftowed this
year a perfonal Vifitation on it 5 beginning at Brentwood in Ejfex^ on
the thirtieth of Auguft^ and fo went on from place to place, till he had
vifited and regulated the whole Clergy of it in their feveral Deanries,
and Precincts. And for performing of that Office he laid afide the djgni-
nity of a Privy Counfellor,and his attendance on the perfon of his gra-
cious Soveraign, in being an example of a careful and prudent Paftor
to the reft of his brethren.
In the late Agitations at Woodfloc\ before the King he let fall fome
words
V
in The Lifeof William
PART I. words, which were interpreted to the difparagement of the married
Anno ~Dom. Clergy. He was a fingleman himfelf, and wifht perhaps as St. Paul once
I 6 31. did. That all men elfe (that is to fay, all men in holy Orders') would
y^^/^tsJ remain folikewife. And fome occafion being offered at that time to
fpeak about the conveniences or inconvenienciesaf a married Clergy,
he made fome declaration of himfelf to this effect, that in difpofing of
all EcclefiafHcal Promotions he would prefer the fihgle man befcre thc
married, fuppofing the abilities of the perfons were otherwife equal 5
which limitation notwithfhnding it gave much matter of difcourfe,
and not a little ground of fcandal to many very honeft and well-mind-
ed men, who began prefently to fear the fad confequentsof it. This ■
general murmur could not but come unto his ears, and found him ve-
ry fenfibleof thelnconveniencies which might grow upon it. For he
foon wiped off that reproach by negotiating a Marriage between Mr.
Thomas Turner ^ one of his Chaplains, and a Daughter of Windebanh
his old friend, (at whofe houfe he had fo long lain lick, as before is
(aid.) Andthatthefatisfaftionin this point might appear the greater,
he officiated the whole Service of their Marriage in his own Chappel at
London Houfe, joyning their hands, and giving the Nuptial Benedi-
ction, and performing all other EcclefiafHcal Rites which belonged to
the folemnization of Matrimony by the Rules of this Church. This
was the anfwer which he made to his own Objection, and indeed it
was fo full and home, that the Objection feemed not to require any fur-
ther anfwer. Nor was it long before Wivdebanke found how well his
chearfulnefs in yielding to that Match had been entertained. He was
at that time one of the Clerks of the signet^ as his Father Sir Thomas
Windebavke had been before him: Bu«- our Bifhop did not mean he
fhould dwell there alwaies. They had been Contemporaries at St.
Johns Colledge, their acquaintance from their very Childhood, their
perfons much of the fame ft ature •■> a like facetioufnefs in bath for wit
and company. In which refpeefs Laud had commended him to the
good Graces of the Duke when he was alive. But the Duke doing
nothing for him, left Laud in a capacity to fupply the want 5 by whofe
power and favour with the King he was advanced unto the honourable
Office of the principal Secretary of State, in the place of Dudly Lord
Carlton Vilcount Dorchejier. Dorchejier died on Ajlj-Wednefday Morn-
ing, Anno 1 631. And of Windebanke he writes thus in his Breviate^
viz. June I1}. 1632. Mr. Francis Windebank my old friend rvas fworn
Secretary of State} which Place 1 obtained for him of my gracious Majier
King Charles.
About the fame time alfo Sir Francis Cottington^ who fucceeded the
Lord Treafurer IVejlon in the place of Chancellor, was made Succeffbr
unto Nanton in the Mafterihip of the Wards and Liveries. No (bon-
er was he in this place, but fome difference began to grow betwixt hitn
and Coventry \ Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England^ about the
difpofing of fuch Benefices as belonged to the King in the Minority of
his Wards : Coventry pleaded a joy nt Intcreft in it according to the Pri-
vilcdgeand ufageof his Predecefibrs, it ftanding formerly for a rule,
that he of the two which firft heard of the vacancy, and prefenred his
Clerk
Lord zArchbiJJoop ^ Canterbury.
Clerk unto the Bifhop, fhould have his turn ferved before the other. LIB. iff
But Cottington "was refolved to have no Competitor, and would have Anno T>onu
!■ either all or none. During which Competition betwixt . the parties, 1632.
Laud ends the difference by taking all unto himfelf. Many Divines i^vvi
had ferved as Chaplains in his Majeures Ships, and ventured their
perfons in the action at the Ifle of Rhe, during his Majefties late en-
gagements with France and Spain j fome reward muft be given them
for their Service paft, the better to encourage others on the like occa-
fions for the time to come. It is cold venturing in fuch hot Services
without fome hope of Reward. Andthereupon he takes occafion to
inform his Majefty, that till this Controvefire were decided he might
do well to take thofe Livings into his own difpofingfor the reward of
fuch Divines as had done him fervice in his Wars, or fhould go forth
hereafter on the like imployments. Which Proposition being approv-
' ed, his Majefty committed the faid Benefices unto his difpofal, know-
ing full well how faithfully he would difcharge the truft repofed in him
for the advancement of his Majefties Service, the fatisfadtion of the
Suitors, and theChurches peace. Neither did Cottington feem difpleaf-
ed at this designation : As being more willing that a third man fhould
carry away the prize from both, than to be overtopt by Coventry m
his own Jurifdi&ion. By the acceflion of this power as he encreaf-
ed the number of his dependents, fo he gained the opportunity by it
to fupply the Church with regular and conformable men, for whom
he was to be refponfal both to God and the King. Which ferved him
for a Counter-Ballance againft the multitude of Lecturers eftablilhed
in Co many places, efpecially by the Feoffees for impropriations, who
came not to their doom till February 1 3 . of this prefent year, as before
was faid. ,
But greater were the Alterations amongft the Bifhopsin the Church
than amongft the Officers of Court, and greater his Authority in pre-
ferring the one than in difpofingof the other. Bnckeridge his old Tu-
tor, dying in the See of Ely makes room for White ', then Bilhop of
Norwich, and Lord Almoner , to fucceed in his place 5 A man who
having fpent the greateft part of his life on his private Cures, grew
fuddenly into efteem by his zealous preachings againft the Papijis^
his Conferences with the Jefuite Fifljer, and his Book wrote againft
him by command of King James. Appointed by that King to have a
fpecial eye on the Countefs of Denbigh (whom the Priefts much la-
boured to pervert) he was encouraged thereunto with the Deanry of
Carlijle, advanced on that very account to the Bilhbprick thereof by
the Duke her Brother. The Duke being dead , his favour in the
Court continued, removed to Norwich firft and to Ely afterwards.
Corbet o£ Oxon. one of Lauds fellow-fufferers in the University, fuc-
ceedshim in the See of Norwich 5 and Bancrofts Mafter of Vniverftty-
Colkdge^ is made Bilhop of Oxon. Kinfman he was to ever renowned
Archbifhop Bancroft) by whom preferred unto that Headfhip, and
looked upon for his fake chiefly, though otherwife of a good fecular
living in this Succeffion. The Biflioprick of fmall Revenue, and with-
out a Houfe, but Land will find a remedy for both in convenient time,
E e The
zia The Life o/William
PART I. The Impropriate "Parfonage of Cudefdcns five miles from Oxon. be-
Anno Vom, longed to the Biihop in the right of his See, and he had the Donation of
16 5 2. the Vicarage in the fame right alfo. The Impropriation was in Leafe,
K^^/^i but he isdefired to run it out without more renewing, that in the end
it might be made an improvement to that (lender Bilhoprick. The
Vicarage in the mean time falling, he procured himfelf to be legally
inftituted and inducted, and by the power and favour of our Biihop
of London obtains an annexion of it to the See Epifcopal, (thedelign
of bringing in the Impropriation going forwards (till) and builds that
beautiful houfe upon it, which before we mentioned. 1 he See of
Brijiol was grownpoorer than that of Oxon. both having been dilapi-
dated in Queen Elizabeths time, though by divers hands. To im-
prove the Patrimony thereof, his Majefty had taken order, that
Wright, then Biihop of that Church, (hould fpend the renewing of a
Leafe of a very good Farm, not very far diftant from that City, well
Houfed, and of a competent Revenue, toferveasa Demefn to the fol-
lowing. Bifhops 3 for which he was to be considered in fome other Pre-
ferment. Houfon of Durham being dead, Morton removes from Lich-
field thither A man who lor the greateft part of his time had exercif
. edhis Pen againft the Vapifis : but gave withal no fmall contentment
to King James, by his learned Book in the defence of the three harm-
lefs Ceremonies againft the Luntans. Wright follows him at Lichfield,
and Cooke (^brother to Secretary Cooke) foWowsWright at Brifiol, tyed
to the fame conditions, and with like encouragement. The Secreta-
ry had formerly done our Bilhop fome bad Offices. But great
Courtiers muft fometimes pay good turns for injuries, break and be
pieced aga'm, a6 occasions vary. The like care alfo taken by him for
mending the two Bifhopricks of Afaph and cheficr} as appears by his
Breviate* Ereviate.
p. 28. Nor were thefe all the Alterations which were made this year }
Archbilhop Harfnet having left his life the year before, care muft be
taken for a fit man to fucceed at Torks a man of an unfufpccled truft,
and one that muft be able to direct himfelf in all emergencies. Nciles
known lufficiencies had pointed him unto the place, but he was warm
at Winton, and perhaps might not be perfwaded to move toward the
North, from whence he came not long before with fo great content-
ment 5 Yetfuch was the good mansdefiresto ferve his Majefty, and
the Church in what place foever, though to his perfonal trouble and
particular lofs 5 that he accepted of the offer, and was accordingly
tranflated in the beginning of this year, or the end of the former.
Two Offices fell void by this remove, one in the Court, which was
the Clerklhip of the Clofet : and another in the Church of Winton,
which was that of the Bilhop. To the Clerklhip of the Clofet he
preferred Dr. William Jnxon, (whom before he had made Prefident
of St. Johns Colledge) and recommended to his Majefty for the
Deanry of Worcefier, to the end that he might have fome trufty friend
to be near his Majefty, whenfoever he was forced by ficknefs, or any
other neceffary occafion, toabfent himlelf. So that Windcbanc\ having
the Kings ear on one fide, and the Clerk of the Clofet on the other,
he
Lord tA rchbijhop of Canterbury .
he might prefume to have his tale well told between them$ and that LIB. fir
hisMajefty fhould not eafily bepolTeflbd with any thing tohis difad- AnnoVom'
vantage. To find another fit man for Winton muftbe his chief bull- 1632.
nefs, whom it concerned to plant fuch a Bifhop in that See as might be V-^V^J
pliant and fubfervient unto his defires. The Bifhop of Winton by his
place is Vifitor of five confiderable Colledges in the Univerfity of
Oxon. that is to fay, Magdalen s, Ntw Col/edge, Corpus Chrifti, St. Johns,
and Trinity-by which means he is able to draw a great party after him,
and fuch as might much curb the power of the Chancellor if they
(hould crofs with one another. Therefore to make fure work at Ox-
ford, he thought it mofl: conducible to his peace and power to prefer
Curie from Bath and Wells to the See of Winton, which being accor-
dingly effected, Pierce is removed from Peterborough to the Church of
Wells* upon the like confederation as Wright about the fame time was
tranllated to Lichfield. There was a rich Parfonage, called Caflor,
which belonged to his Patronage as Bifhop of Peterborough <9 about three
or four miles from that fmall City, defigned whenfoever it fell void
to ferve for a perpetual commendam to the Bilihops of it. And falling
void, it was fo ordered by the care of our Bifhop of Loudon, that Pierce-
fhould wave the preferment of a friend unto it, and take it for the
prefent unto himfelf, leaving it afterwards to his Succelfors. For his
Reward therein he was preferred to Bath and Wells, and Peterborough
procured by Laud for his old Friend and Fellow-Servant Dr. Augw
jiine Lyndfell, for whom he formerly had obtained the Deanry of
Lichfield: And to fay truth, the mandeferved it, 'being a very folid
Divine, and a learned Linguift,to whom the Christian World remains
indebted for Theophylacl's Comment on the Epiftles, and the Catena.
upon Job, publifhed by him in Greeks and Latin.
His Majefties Printers, at or about this time, had committed a fcan-
dalous miftakein our Englifij Bibles, leaving out the wordN<tf in the
Seventh Commandment. His Majefty being made acquainted with
it by the Biihopof London, Order was given for calling the Printers
into the High-Cvnrt/njJton,\vhere upon evidence of the Fact, the whole
[mpreflion was called in, and the Printers deeply fined, as they jultly
merited. With fome part of this Fine Laudcau&th afiir Greek Cha-
racter to be provided, for publishing fuch Manufcripts as Time and In-
duftry (hould make ready for the Publick view 5 of which fort were
the Catena and Theophylatt fet out by Lyndfell.
This mentioning of the High-Commijfion conducts me toward the
Star-chamber, where we fhall find a Cenfure palled on sherfield the
Recorder of Sarum, wherein our Bifhop was as active as in that be-
fore '■> which becaufe it drew upon him fomeclamour, and fucha cla-
mour as not only followed him to his death, but hath been fince con-
tinued in fundry Pamphlets, I fhall lay down the occafion of it, and
the true Reafons of his Earneftnefs and Zeal in that profecution. This
sherfield being Recorder of Sarum, as before is faid, was one of the
Parifhionersof the Parifh Church of St. Edmonds, in one of the Win-
dows whereof the Story of the Creation was . exprefs'd in old
painted Glafs, in which there was aReprefentationof God the Father
Ee 2 hi
Zi6
The Lifeof William
^RT I. in the fhape of an Old Man, after which form the Painters of thofe
Anno T>om> Elder rimes did moft commonly draw him. This Window, which
i h 3 2. had continued in the Church without any offence from the firft fet-
u^V^so tine; of it up, till the year 1629. or thereabouts, became a great
eye-fore to this man, whom nothing would content but the defacing
of thofe Pictures, in fuch a way ay might beft pleafe his own hu-
mour, and affront Authority. Davenant at that time was Bifhop of
Sanim, and li ved for the moft part in his Palace there 5 a man of known
. difaffeclions to the Church of Rome^ and all the Superftitious Vani-
ties and Corruptions of it. Had he been made acquainted with it,
x there is no queftion to be made, but that he either would have gratifi-
ed the man, incaufingthe faid window to be taken down in a peace-
able way •) or elfehave given him fuch good Reafons to the contrary,
as might have qualified the peccancv of the prefent Humour. But
S her field being the Recorder, and thinking he ftad the Law in his
hands, as well as he had it in his head, muft go another way to work,
and bring the Bufinels to be agitated in a Parifh Vejiry 5 which Bajiard
Elderj/ijps began to grow fo much in ufe in moft Corporate Towns,"
that countenance and connivence in fhort time would have made
them Legitimate. The Elders of the Vejiry being as willing to era-
brace the bufinels, as he was to commend it to them, enabled him at
the next Chitrch-Sejfion> in the Month of January 1629. to cafe his
Confcience of that burthen, by taking down the offenfive Window,
and letting up another of plain white Glafs in the place thereof: A^nd
yet this gave him no content, unlefs he might ffiew a more than ordi-
nary Zeal, in defacing thofe Images which he was ordered to take
down 3 and did accordingly deface them, beating down the Pictures
with his Staffin fuch a violent and fcandalous way, as was difrehfhed
by moft moderate men of his own Perfwafion. The noife of lb foul
a mifdemeanour growing lowder and lowder, it came at laft unto
the Court? whereupon an Information was exhibited againft him in
the star-chamber by the Kings Atturney, not ripened for a Hearing
till the latter end of this prefent year, and then brought to Sen-
tence. The Affront done to the Diocefan, and the erecting of a
new Eldcrfinp in defpite of Authority, had been crime fufficient to
bring him under the Cenfure of the High-Cotnmijfion: But taking
power unto himfelf of Reforming what he thought amifs in the face
of the Church, and proceeding to the execution of it in a way fo
dangerous, fo full of ill example to the reft of the Zealots, made him
more properly fubjedt to the Court of star- chamber^ and to as heavy
a Cenfure there as that Court could legally inflict for the like disor-
ders. For what Security could be hoped for in Church or State, if
every man fhould be a sherfield^ and without asking leave of the
^Prince or Prelate, proceed to fuch a Reformation as belt pleafed his
Phanfie ? If fuffered to go on in defacing Windows, they would be
fpiritcd in fhort time to pulldown Churches, there being commonly
no flop in fuch Tumultuary Reformations, till every man be weari-
ed in his own confufions. And fomewhat there was alio in it which
was looked upon as a great difcouragement to the moderate rapifts,
from
Lord \ArchbiJbop of Canterbury. ziy
from thinking favourably of our Churches, or referring to them 5 and LI B. Fir.
to fome moderate Protcjlants alfo , in beautifying and adorning Anno Vom*
Churches afterfucha manner, as without giving juif offence, might 1632.
draw the greater Eftimation to thole (acred Places. In which refpecf, *<^7~\T***m
Laud did not only aggravate the Crime as much as he could, in re-
ference to the dangerous Confequences which might follow on it :
but (Viewed how far the ufe of painted Images, in the way of Orna-
ment and Remembrance, might be retainedin the Church; not jufti-
fying the painting of God the Father in the fhape of an Old Man (as
he was commonly mifreported) but only laying down the Reafon
which induced fome Painters to that Reprefentation, which they
grounded on Daniel 7. 9. wliere God the Father is not only called the
Ancient of Days-, to fignifie his Eternity before all time (which was '
fomuch infilled on by the Earl of £>0r/i'f)butdefcribed after the Simi-
litude of an Old Man, the hair of rohofe head was like the pure voooll.
In fine, though shcrfidd found fome Friends, yet they were but few,
the major part concurring in this Sentence on him, that is to fay, to
be fined a thoufand pounds to the King, deprived of his Recorder-
Ihip, bound to his good behaviour for the time to come, as alfo to make
a publick Acknowledgment of his Offence, not only in the Parifta
Church of St. Edmonds^ where it was committed % but in the Cathedral
Church it felf 5 that the Bifliop, in contempt of whole Authority he had
plaid this Pageant, might rhave Reparation.
This Cenfure being pafr. on sherficld on the eighth of February^ Or-
der is given to Noy the Atturney-Gencral to make preparation for ano-
ther, but of greater confequence. We ihew'd before how bo lie pry tine
had made himfelf in fome prefent Controverfies, and with what info-
lence he carried himfelf from the Uigh-Commi\Jlon . Prepared with
confidence and fuccefs for a further Calamity, he publifhesa fmall Pam-
phlet called Lame GILES his Halting^ An Appendix againft Bowing at
the Name of J E S V a larger Book called the Anti-Arminianifn?^
and notably beftirs himfelf in difcoveringa mifrakc (m'lwpojiure it
muft needs be called) in the Hijlorical Narration pubhfhed .163 1. a-
gainft which he never left exclaiming, till he had procured Archbilhop
Abbot ("with whom he was grown very gracious) to call it in; But not
contented with that Triumph, he prepares another Pageant for us in
the end of Michaelmas Term this year, known by the name of HfBridr
Mtjiix, in which h<e feemed to breathe nothing but Difgrace to the
Nation, Infamy to the Church, Reproaches to the Court, Dishonour to
the Queen, and fome things which were thought to be tending to the
deftruction of his Majefties Perfon. Neither the Hofpitality of the
Gentry in the time of Chrijimas^ nor the Mufick in Cathedral and the
Chappels Royal, nor the Pomps and Gallantries of the Court-, nor
the Queens harmlefs Recreations, nor the Kings folacing himfelf (bme-
times in Mafques and Dances, could efcape the venom of his Perj^ex-
prefled for the moft part infuch bitter Language and frequently inter-
laced with fuch dangerous Aggravations and Insinuations, that it was
not poffible for the Author to efcape uncenfured. This Book being
brought before the Lords of the Council toward the end of January y
The Life o/Willia m
PAR.T III and found too tedious for their Lordfhips to be troubled with it. it
Anno Vom. plcafed his Majefty to give order, that the Book fhould be committed
165 2. to the reading of one of the Prebends oi V/ejlminjler^ with command
V^*V^><J to draw out of it and digeftfuch particular Paliages as tended to the
danger or diQionour of the King or State. On the hViuhing and re-
turn1 of which Collection, ?<ynne\s committed to the Tower on Sun-
day being Candlemas day, and on the morrow after the Collector re-
ceived aYurther Order to review his Notes, and deduct out of them
fuch Logical Inferences and Conclufions as might and did naturally
arife on thole dangerous Premiies : One Copy of the fume to be left for
the Lords of the Council, and another with Koy the Atturney-Gene-
ral, and the reft of his Majefties Council- Learned in the Laws of this
Realm; whichPapers gave iuch fatisfa&ion totheone, andfuchhelp
to the other, that when the Caufewas brought to hearing in the star-
thamber, they repeated Lis If. jir.uclions only, as (dj Vrynne himfelf in-
(a)Vifccve- pormecj againft him to the Houfe of Commons. What was done fur-
?*tsf Z ther inthisbufinefs,weftiallfee hereafter.
pJ. i 29. ' Th\s bufinefs being put into a courfe, our Bifhcp offereth fome con-
federations to the Lords or the Council concerning the dilhonour
done to the Church of England by the wrlful negligence of fome Chap-
lains and other Miniltcrs, both in our Factories and Regiments be-
yond the Sens 5 together with the Inconveniencies which redounded
to it from the French and Dutch Congregations fetlcd in many places
amongft our felves. He had long teemed with this Defign, but was
not willing to be his own Midwife when it came to the Birth '-y and
therefore it was fo contrived, that lVindeb*nkSi\ox\& make the Pro-
position at the Council-Table, and put the bufinefs on lb far, that the
Biftiop might be moved by the whole Board toconu'dcr of the feve-
ral Points in that weighty Bufinefs: who being thus warranted to
the execution of his own deiires, prefented tv; o Mcmorids to their
Lordfhips, at the end of this year, March 22. The one relating to the
Factories and Regiments beyond the Seas; the other to the trench
and Dutch Plantations \x\Lon 'don \Kent Norfolk ■Jor^^ire.Han/pfjire^nd
thelfleof Axholme. He had obferved,noi without great indignation,
how Tenacious the French and Dutch Churches were of their own re-
ceived Forms,both in Worfhip and Government A as on the other fide,
how ignoble and degenerous the EngliJI) had Hi own themfelves, in
neglectingthe Divine Service of this Church in \ heir feveral Facto-
ries, where they were licenfed to make ufe of ic bv the Power and
Countenance of that State in which they Traded. The Earl of Lei-
cefterbt\ng lent this year to negotiate fome Affairs with the King of
Denmark and Artjir other ready to come from the Court of theEmpe-
rour,they were appointed by his Majefty to meet jt Han/hrough^theve
to expect the coming of ' Vennington with fome Ships to conduct them
home. The Engl?//) driving a great trade in that Town, were by the
Magiftrates thereof indulged ail the Priviledges of an Englijh Church :
bur they retained nothing of a Church of England, governing them-
felves wholly by Calvin's Plat-form, which they had taken up \nEng~
land. The two Embafladors being met; font the Ships not come, the
Elders
Lord zArchbtjhop of Canterbury.
Elders of the Church humbly defired their Lordfhipsto do them fo LIB. III.
much honour in the eyes of the People, as to vouchfafe their prefence AnnoVom.
at the EtJgliJIy Church ; and that their Lordfhips Chaplains might be 1632.
ordered to Exercife in the Congregation. This Morion being chear- <-^v^j>j
fully embraced by both,, the Earl of Leicejter's Chaplain firft mounts
the Pulpit, and after amort Pfalm, according to the Genevian fafhi-
on3 betakes him felf unto his Sermon. The like was done by Johnfon>
Anfirothers Chaplain , (for I remember not the name of the other)
when it came to his turn. The Ships being come, and (laying for a
change of wind, the like courtefie was defired of Pennington, Admiral
of that little Fleet for the prefent Service. Pennington told them that
he had no Chaplain, that there was in the Ship one Do&or Ambrofe
his Friend and Kinfman, who had born him company in that Voy-
age} and that he doubted not but that he would readily hearken to
them, if they made the motion. « The motion being made and grant-
ed, Ambrofe attends his Admiral to the place of Exercife, where he
took up his ftand very near the Pulpit. The Congregation being
filled, and the Pfalm half done, a Deacon is fent to put him in mind
of going into the Pulpit 5 of v/homhe defires to be accommodated
with a Bible, and a Common-Prayer Book 3 The Deacon offered him
a Bible, but told him that they had nofuch thing as a Common-Prayer
Book, and that the Common Prayers were not ufed amongft them :
Why then, faid Ambrcfe1 thebeft is, that I have one of my own 5 which
being prefently taken out of his Pocket, he began with the Sentences,
and invitation, and was fcarceentred into the Confeflion, when all the
Church was in an nprore. The Elders thereupon in a great amaze
fent back the Deacon^ to defire him to go into the Pulpit, and not to
trouble them with that which they were not ufed to do. Ambrofe
-replied, That if they were an Englijl) Church they were obliged to
ferve God by the EnglijJ) Liturgie , and that if they would have no
Prayers they fhould have no Sermon, and fo proceeded on with the
reft of the Liturgy 5 which Meffage being delivered to the Elders^ the
Deacon was fent back the third time, requiring him to defift from that
unneceiTary Service. On the receiving of which MeflTage he puts the
Book into his pocket, and goesout of the Church, the two EmbafTa-
dours following him, and the Admiral them} to the great honour of >
himfelf, and the confufion ofjohnfon (from whofe mouth I received
the ftoryj and the other Chaplain, being thus (hewed their errour in
not doing the like.
That our Bifhop was ever made acquainted by the faid Johnfo'n with
this paflage, I am not able to fay 5 but whether he were or not, he
had too much ground for what he did3 in offering to their Lordfhips
his confiderations for regulating Divine Service in that and all other
Factories, Imployments, and Commands of the Englifh Nation. That
is to fay, "Firft, That the Colonels of the Englifh Regiments in the
cc Low-Countries mould entertain no Minifter as Preacher to their
" Regiments butfuchas fhould conform in all things to the Church of
cc England^ to be commended to them by their Lordfhips, the advice
ccof the Archbifhop of Canter bury and Torh^ being taken in it.Secondly ,
cc That •
i
zio ' The Life of William
PART I. cc That the Company of Merchants there redding, or in any other
Anno Vom* cc parts, fhall admit no Minifter as Preacher to them, but fuch as are fo
1632. "qualified, and fo commended, as aforefaid. Thirdly, That it any
u<^V^J "Minifter hath gotten himfelf by indirect means to be fo commended,
"and fhould be afterwards found to be unconformable, and fhould"
" not conform himfelf within three months, upon warning given him
" by the faid Colonels, or Deputy Governour of the Factors under1
"whom he liveth, he fhall be difmift from his employment, and a more
cc orderly man recommended to it. Fourthly, That every Minifter
" or Chaplain in any Fa&ory, or Regiment, whether of EngliJI) or
" Scots , fhall read the Common Prayers, Adminifter the Sacraments,
cc Catechife the Children, and perform all other publick Minifterial
" duties, according to the Rules or Rubrickj of the EngliJI) Liturgy,
ccandnototherwife. Fifthly, That if any Minifter or Preacher, be-
" ing the Kings bom Subject, fhould with any bitter words, or writ-
ings, in Print or otherwife, defame the Church of England by Law
"eftablifhed, notice thereof is to t>e given to the Ambafiador there,
" and by him to this State, by whom the party fo offending fhould be
"commanded over again to anfwer for his faid offences 3 the Iikato
" bedonealfb in derogating from the Doctrine and Diicipline of the
" Church, and in Preaching, Writing or Printing any thing prejudi-
cial to the Temporal -State and Government of the Realm of Eng-
cz land. Sixthly, That no Colonel or Deputy Governour fhould
"permit their Minifter or Preacher, in the cafe of ficknefs, or necef-
" fary abfence, to bring in any to Preach or Officiate for him, but fuch
" an one for wJhofe conformity he would be accountable. Seventhly,
" That no Deputy Governours (hould be fent to Delfep or any other
cc place of Refidence for the EngliJI) Merchants, but one that, being
"conformable to the Church of Englandboxh in Do&rineand Difci-
ccpline, would take care alfo, that fuch as be under him, fhall per-
" form all Church duties before exprefled 5 that the party fo defigncd
" fhall be prefented to their Lordfhips by the Merchant Adventurers^ .
"giving aflurance of his fitnefs and fufficiency for that charge, and
" that fome of the chief of the Merchants be fent for to the Board,
" and made acquainted with this order. Eighthly, That as often as
" the faid Merchants fhall renew their Patents.aclaufeibr the dueob-
" fervation of thefe Inftru&ions (or fb many of them at the Ieaft as
" fhould f^em neceffary to their Lordfhips) to be inferred in the fame.
" Ninthly, That all his Majefties Agents there fromtime to time have
" thefe Inftructions given them in Charge, and that once a year they
"be required to give the Board an account of the Progrefs of the bu-
" finefs, that further order might be taken if occafion be. Tenthly,
Cc That the EngliJI) Minifters in Holland^ being his Majefties born
" Subjects, be not fuffered to hold any Clajfical meetings, but how-
ccfoever not to aftume the power of Ordination? from which if they
" fhould not be reftrained, there would be a perpetual Seminary for
" breeding up men in Schifm and Faction, to the difturbance of this
" Kingdom.
In reference to the French and Dutch Churches here in England he
pro-
Lord \Archbijhof of Canterbury
221
proceeded in another method 5 fjrft,reprefenting the occafion of their LI B. III.
fetlinghere, their feveral abufes of that Favour, together with the Anno Dom*
manifold dangers and inconveniencies which mightthencearife} and 1632.
next advifing fuch agreeable remedies as he thought moft proper for c^v^»*
the cure. " Andfidt he reprefented to them the great piety of this
" State in giving liberty to thofe Nations to enjoy the freedom of
" their own Religion, at London and elfewhere in this Kingdom}
" when being under perfecution in their own Countries they could
"not enjoy the fame at home. Secondly, That it was not the mean-
ing of this State then, or at any other time fince, that the firft Cene-
cc ration being worn out, their Children, and Children* Children, be-
"ing naturally born Subjects of this Realm, (hould ftill remain di-
" vided from the reft of the Church, which muft needs alienate them
"from the State, and make them apt to any innovation which may
" fort better with their humour. Thirdly, That they frill keep
" themfelves as adiftinft body of themfelves, marrying only in their
" own Tribe with one another .• by means whereof it mull: needs fol-
"low, that as they are now a Church within a Church, fo in fbort
"timethey might grow to be a Commonwealth in the middeft of a
" Kingdom. Fourthly, That thefe bodies ftanding thus divided from
<c the Church and State are planted for the moft part in fuch Haven
" Towns as lay fitteflt for France and the Low-Countries : which may
"be a fhrewd temptation to them to take fuch advantages to fhem-
" felves, or to make ufe thereof for others as occafion orTereth. Fifthly,
"That the example isof ill confequence in Church-affairs to the Sub-
ct jefts 01' Fngland, many being confirmed by it in their ftubborn
" ways, and incontormities, but in London chiefly. Sixthly,That nei-
" ther French nor Dutch Church be longer tolerated in this Kingdom
"than the Subjefts of this Kingdom be fuffered to enjoy the Db&rinc
"and Difcipline of the Church of EngUnd in thofe fevcral parts be-
yond the Seas where they have their abode. The dangers and in-
conveniencies being thus laid down, he proceeds to the rvemedies.
And firft he doth advife, cC That the number of them in all places of
"the Kingdom be fully known, to the end a better judgmerit might
" be made of the way by which they are to be reduced to the reft of
"the Kingdom. Secondly, That a Command be iftued to this pur-
"pofe from the State it felf, and that it be avowedly (and not per-
functorily) taken in all places where they do refide, and a Certifi-
<c cate returned of the men of moft credit and wealth amongft them.
"Thirdly, That if they will continue as a diftinc~f_ body both from
"State and Church, they fhould pay all duties double as ftrangers
" ufed to do in this Realm, and not be capable of fuch immunities as
"the Natives have, as long as they continue fo divided from them.
"Fourthly, That when it (hall be thought convenient to reduce
<: them to the fame condition with the reft of the Subjects,they fhould
"then be warned in an Ecclefiaftical way (excepting fuch as be new
" Comers J to repair diligently to their Parifh Churches, and to
"conform themfelves to their Prayers and Sacraments 5 which' if the^
c: fhould refufeto do, then to proceed againft them by Excommum-
Ff • "cation,
Z1Z
'I be Life of William
PART I.
Anno Von:-
1652.
(a) Religionis
culitti riti-
bus cum /nglk
corvmunibus
fubfcriffcrttnt.
Buck. Hift.
Scot. I.i p.
(*) Preface
to the Scots
Liturgy.
ct cation. and founro the Writ cle Excommunicato capiendo, for a ter-
£: ror to others. Fifthly, aud laftly, That if this courfe prevail not
" with them, a Declaration to be made by the State to this cffecr,That
"if they will be as Natives, and take the benefit of Subjec>s,they muft
"conform themfelves to the Laws of the Kingdom, as well Ecclefia-
« fticalas Temporal 5 that being the likelieft' way to make them ca-
cc pable of the inconveniences they fhould run into by their refufal
"and perverfnefs. Such were the considerations offered by him to
theLords of the Council, for advancing the peace and honour of this.
Church both at home, and abroad. But long it will not be before we
fnall behdld him fitting in the Chair of Canterbury, adling his own
counfcls, bringing thele Conceptions to the birth ^nd putting the defign
into execution, of which more hereafter.
Thefe matters (landing in this ftate., we muft at laft look toward
Scotland 5 for the receiving of which Crown his Majefty and the Court
prepare the beginning of this year. But befides the Pomp, and
Splendor of a Coronation, which the people vvith great importunity
had long preft upon him, there were fome other Loadjiones which
made the Needle of Wis Compafs point fo much totheNorth. Concern-
ing which the Reader may be pleafedto know, that at the firft Altera-
tion of Religion in the Kirk of Scotland, the Sects petitioning for aid
from Queen Elizabeth to expel the French, (a) obliged themfelves by
the fubfeription of their hands to embrace the Liturgie, Kites, and
Ceremonies of the Church of England. According whereunto, an Or-
d i nance was made by their Reformers, that in all Parifhes of that Realm
(b) the Common-Prayer (hquld be read weekly on Sundays, and o-
ther Feftival days, with the Leflbns of the Old and New Te-ftamenr,
confoimto the Order of the Book of Common-Prayer of the Church
of England? it being well known, that for divers years after, they had
no other order for Common-Prayer but that which they received
from hence. But as Tresbytery prevailed, fo the Liturgie fell : the
fancy of Extemporary Prayers growing up fo faft in the minority of
King James), that it foon thruft all Publick Forms out of ufe and credit.
In which confufed eftate it flood till the coming of that King to the
Crown of England, where he much pleafed himfelf with the Sobriety
and Piety of the publick Liturgie. This made him caft his eyes more
fad!) on the Kirk of Scotland, where for want of fon.e fuch publick
forms of Prayers the Minifters prayed fo igncrn.ntly, that it was a {hame
to all Religion to have God fpoke to in that barbarous manner, and
fometimesfo feditioufly,that their Prayers were plain Libels againft
Authority, or ftuft with lies made up of all the falfe reports in the
Kingdom. For remedy whereof, after he had reftored, and fetled
the Epifcopal Government, he procured the General Ajjcmbly of that
Kirk,, held at Aberdeen, Anno 1616. to pafs an Acl: for Authorising
fome of theBifhops, and divers others, to compile a Publick Liturgie
for the ufe of thatA ^'r^i which being prefented unto the King, and
by him approved, fhould be univerfally received over all the King-
dom. To prepare the way unto them, his Majefty gave order the
next Spring after. That the Englijl) Liturgie fhould be Officiated day
by
Lord zArchbiJhop of Canterbury, 212
by day in his Chappel-fvoyal in the City of Edenborough'-, and in the LIB. III.
year following 1618. obtained the five Articles before-mentioned (as AnnoVom.
fo many chief Ingredients for the Common-Prayer-Book)to bepafied 1633.
at Perth: by which Encouragements, the Commliliopers which were <-^V^J
appointed to compile the Eook, went fo luckily forwards, that it was
not long before they brought ittoanend,and fent it to King fames by
Archbilhop spotfwood'-> who not only carefully perufed every paffage in
it, but caufed it to be revifed by fome of the Bifhops of that Kingdom,
which were then in England, in whofe judgments he repofed efpecial
confidence. Fitted according to his mind,he fent it back again to thofe
from whofe hands he received it, to be by them commended to the
ufeof the Church j which undoubtedly had took effect, if the Breach
with Spain, and the Death of that King, which followed not long af-
ter, had not unfortunately interrupted the Succefs of the bufinefs.
In this condition of Affairs King Charles fucceeded in the Crown,in-
gaged in a War with the King of Spain, and ftanding upon no good
terms with his People at home; fo that the bufinefs of the Liturgie
feemed to be laid afleep, if not quite extinct. But in the year 1629.
having agreed his differences with the Crown of France, and being in
a good way towards an Accommodation with the King of Spain, the
Scottify Bifhops were again remembred of their Duty in it, who dif-
patch'd Maxwell, then one of the Preachers of Edenburgh, to the Court
about it : Maxwell applying himfelf to Laud, then Bifhop of London,
from whom he received thispofitive AnCwer,That if his Majejly would Hi(jt w^L
have a Liturgie fitted there, different from what they had already, it was p.
befitotake f/fo Englifh Liturgie, without any variation from it ; that fo
the fame Service-Book might pafs through all his Majeflies Dominions.
Maxwell replying, That the Scottifh Bifwps would be better pleafed to
have a Liturgie of their own, but fuch as flwuld come near the Englifh
both in For;:: and Matter, the Caufe was brought before the King, who
on a ferious co.ifideration of all Particulars, concurred in Judgment
for the Englifb* And on thefe terms it ftood till this prefent year,
Laud (landi ng hard for admitting the Englifh Liturgie without alterati-
on '■> the Scottifl) Bifhops pleading on the other fide, That a Liturgie
made by themselves, and in fome things different from the Englifh Service,
would befi pleafe their Countrymen, whom they found very jealous of the
leafi dependence on the Church of 'England. But becaufe Letters writ-
ten in the time of Action, are commonly conceived to carry more
truth in them, than Relations made upon the pofi-fact for particular
ends; take here this (hort remembrance in one of his Letters to the
Earl of Traquaire, dated September 11. 1 65 7. Where we find this paf-
fage : And ftnee (faith he) I hear from others, That fome exception is
taken, becaufe there is more in that Liturgie in fome few particulars,
than is in the Liturgie of England, Why did they not admit the Liturgie jym po
of England without more ado ? But by their refufalof that, and the dijfike
of this, 'tis more than manifeji they would have neither, and perhaps none
at all, were they left to themfelves. . .
But befides this, there was another Invitation which wrought much
upon him in order to the prefent Journey : At his firft coming to the
Ff2 Crown,
2.1$ The Life of W i l l i a U
PA&T I. Crown, the greater Engagements then upon him. want of Supply from
Ammo Vom. England, and fmall help from Scotland, forced him to' have recourfe
1633. to fuch other ways of affiftancesas were offered to him} of which
X^sr^t this was one. In the Minority of King James, the Lands of all Cathe-
dral Churches and Religious Houfes which bad been fetled on the
Crown by Act of Parliament were fliared amongft the Lords and
great men of that Kingdom (by the connivence of the Earl of Murrey,
and fome other of the Regents) to make them fure unto that fide:
. And they being thus pofletfed of the. fame Lands, with the Regalities
* and Tythes belonging to thofe Ecclefiaftical Corporations, Lorded it
with Pride and Infolence enough in their feveral Territories, holding
the Clergy to fmall Stipends, and the poor Veapant under a miferable
Vafialage and fubjeftion to them, not fuffering them to carry away
their nine parts, till the Lord had carried off his Tenth $ which many-
times was neglected out of pride and malice, thofe Tyrants not erring
to lofe their TTythe,.fo that the poor mans Crop might be left unW
fpoiland hazard. King James had once a purpofe to revoke thofe
Grants j but growing into years and troubles, he left the following of
that Project to his Sen and Succefior: Having but little help 'rofn
thence to maintain his Wars, by the Advice of fome of the Council of
that Kingdom, he was put upon acourfe of refuming thole Lands,
Tythes, and Regalities into his own hand, to which theprefent Occu-
pants could pretend no other Title than the unjuft Ufurpation of
theinPredeceflbrs. This to effect, he refolves upon an Act of Revo-
cation, Commiffionating for that purpofe the Earl of Annandale, and
'the Lord Maxwell (afterwards Earl of Niddifdale) to hold a Parlia-
ment in Scotland, for Contribution of Money and Ships acjainftthe
Dvynkjrktrs'-) and arming Maxwell alfo with fome fecrct fnftrudtions
for palling the faid Acl: of Revocation? if he found it feafible. Being on
the way as far as Berwick Maxwell was there informed, That his
chief errand being made known,had put all at Edenburgk into Tumult 5
that a rich Coach which he had fent before to Dalkeith was cut in
pieces, the poor Horfes killed, the People feeming only forry that they
could not do lb much to the Lord himfelf Things being brought
unto this ftand, the King was put to anecefHty of fomefecond Coun-
feis, amongft which none feemed more plaufible and expedient to him,
then that of Mr. Archibald Achipn, who from a puifne judge in Ire-
land, was made his Majefties Procurator or Solicitor-General;, in the
Kingdom of Scotland? who having told his iViajefty, Thai pah as were
Ejtated in the Lauds in question, had prved the mp Ives p rcdl by the bare
naming of an Ail ^"Revocation, as to pojjcfs the People (n ,W; they
found apt to be inflamed on fuch Stiggefiions) lhat the true intendment
of that Act was to 'revoke all former Lanis for pfppreffihg ffVopcTy, and
fetling the Reformed Religion in the K/r/^of Scotland : And therefore,
That it would be unfif for his Majefty to proceed that way. Next he
j advifed, That inftead of pacha General Revocation Ail imported,
a Commijfton jhould be ijfued out under the Great 'Seal of that Kingdom,
for taking the Surrer.tirics of all fuch Superiorities '.and Tythes within
the Kingdom, at his Majefiics Vleafure : And that fuch as Jhould refufeto
fubmif
Lord zdrchbijfoop of Canterbury
fubmit unto it, (l:0uld be Impleaded one by one ^ to begin firjl with tkofe L I B. IU.
whom he thought leaji able to (land out,or elfe mofl willing to conform to his Anna ~Dom.
Majejiies Pleafure : Alluring him. That hazing the Laws upon his, fide, i 6 3 3.
the Courts of Jujiice mufi and would pafs Judgment for him.
The King refolved upon this courfe, fends home the Gentleman,
not only with thanks and Knighthood ("which he had mod worthily
deferved) but with Inftrudions and Power to proceed therein 5 and
he proceeded in it fo effectually to the Kings Advantage, that fome
of the impleaded Parties being caft in the Suits and the reft feeing,
that though they could raife the People againft the King, they could
not raife them againft the Laws, it was thought the befc and fafeft way
to compound the bufinefs. Hereupon, in the year 1630. Commiffio-
ners are fent to the«Court of England, andamongfl: others, the Learn-
ed and right Noble Lord of Marchcjion ("from whofe mouth I had this
whole Relation) who after a long Treaty with the King, did at laft
agree, that the faid Commiffion fhould proceed as formerly } and,
That all fuch superiorities and Tythes ashad been or fhould be furren-
dred, fhould be re-granted by the King on thefe Conditions : Firft,
That all fuch as held Hereditary sheriffdoms, or had the Power of Life and
Death over fuch as lived within their jurifdicfion, foould quite thefe Roy-
alties to the King. Secondly, That they fijould make unto their Tenants
in their fezeral Lands, fome permanent Eftates, either for their Lives,
or one and twenty years, or fome fuch like Term 5 that fo the Tenants
mi ght be encouraged to Build and plant, and improve the Patrimony of
that Kingdom. Thirdly, That fbmc Provibons j?)ouldbe made for au.?~
inenting the stipends of the Clergy. Fourthly, That they fwuld double
the yearly Rents which were rcferved unto the Crown, by their former
Grants. And finally. That thefe Conditions being performed on their
farts, the King fiould fctle their Efiates by Act of Parliament. Home
went the G>mmUIioners with joy for their good fuccefs,^e"xpect/ing to
be entertained with Bells and Bonfires: but they found the contrary .5
the proud Scots being generally refolved, rather to put all to hazard,
than to quit that Power and Tyranny which they had over their
^owVaffals, by which name (after the manner of the French) they
called their Tenants. And hereunto they were encouraged under-
hand by a Party in England, who feared that by this Agreerr:^;: t the
King would be fo abfolute in thofe Northern Regions, that no Aid
could be hoped from thence, when the neceffity of tfteir e'ehghs might
moft require it : Juft as the Caftilians were difnleaiecJ W'Y- C -
queft of Portugal by King Philip the Second, becaufe thereby they h
no place left to retire unto, when either the Kings, difpleafu re, - ov
their difobedience fhould make their own Country ioq hot (for
them.
Such was the face of Church and State when his Majefly bega a
Journey for Scotland to receive the Crowns a Journey of great ex-
pence on both fides, but of fmall profit unto either. On the thirteenth
day of May he advanced toward the North 5 but by fuch lcifurely R er
moves, that he recovered not the City of Tork^ till the twenty fourth,
into which he made a Solemn and Magnificent Entrance, attended by
■fo'o • the
zz6 The Life o/William
PART I. the Flower of the EngliJI) Nobility, the principal Officers of his Court,
Anno Vorn- and fomeof the Lords of his Privy Council. He was received at his
163?. firft entrance \nto Scotland with a gallant body of that Nation, con-
tsfv^*-* lifting for themoft part of the like Ingredients, and fo conduced in-
to Edenborough on the tenth of June. Edenborough;, the chief Ci-
ty of the Realm of Scotland^ and indeed the summa totalis of that
Kingdom, extended a whole mile in length from the Palace-Royal of
Holj/-Rwd-Houfe, lying at the foot of the Hill, to a fair and ancient
CafHe mounted on the top thereof. From this Caftlethe Ring was to
defcend the Street in a Royal Pomp, till he came to his Palace (as the
Kings of England commonly on the like occafion ride from the Tower
1 thorow London to the Court of Whitehall) where the Solemnities of
the Coronation were to be performed. The day -defigned for it was
the eighteenth of June, the concourfe of people beyond expreffion,
and the expreffions of their joy in gallantry of Apparel, fumptuous
Feaftings, and Acclamations of all forts, nothing inferiour to that con-
courfe. But this was only the Hofanna of his firft Reception 5 they
had a Crucifie for him when' he came to his Parliament. It was conr-
ceived at his Majefties firft going toward the Norths that he would
have fetled the EngliJI) Liturgie in that Church, at his being there :
but he either carried no fuch thoughts with him, or, if he did, he kept
them to himfelf as no more than thoughts, never difcovering any
fuch thing in his words or actions. The scots were of another tem-
per, than to be eafiiy won to any thing which they had no mind to 5
and a lefs mind they could have to nothing than the EngliJI) Liturgie.
Kmgjames had taken order at his being in Scotland, Anno 161 7. That
it fhould conftantly be read twice every day in his Chappel-Royal
for thatCity '■, and gave command that the Lords of his Privy-Coun-
cil, and the Lords of SeJJion, fhould be prefent at it on the Sundays,md
there receive the Holy Communion, accordingto the form prescribed
in the Common-Prayer-Book : And this he did unto this end, That
as well the Citizens of Edenburgh, as fuch as came thither upon Buti-
nefs, might by degrees be made acquainted with the EngliJI) Forms,
and confequently be prepared for the receiving of fuch a Liturgie as
the King, with the Advice of his Biftiops, and other Learned Men
("according to the Aft of the Ajfembly at Aberdeen) fhould commend
unto them But thefe Directions being either difcontinucd, or care-
lefly followed after his deceafe, and the five Articles of rerth not
prefs'd fo diligently on the People as they might have been, the Scots
were generally as great ftrangers to the Liturgie of the Church of Eng-
land, as when King James firft came amongft us.
His Majefty could not be foill ferved, as not to be well enough in-
formed how things went in Scotland'? and therefore was not to ven-
ture rafhly upon fuch a bufinefs, wherein he might receive a foil.
He thereupon rcfolves to proceed no further in Matters which con-
cerned the Church, than topafsan Act of Ratijication, an A<ft Confir-
matory of fuch Laws and Statutes, relating unto • Church-concern-
ments, as by King James had been obtained with great charge and
cunning. And though he carried this Act at laft, yet was it not with-
out
Lord tArchbijhop of Canterbury. %%y.
out a far greater opposition than he had reafon to expeft from that LIB. III.
Convention : But the Commifiion of Snrrendry did fo ftick in their Anno Vom.
ftomachs, that they could not chafe but vent their difaffe&ionson the 163^.
firft oecafion. Nor would they fuffer him to enjoy the benefit of that v-*s?"\^w
Act, fo hardly gotten, with Peace and Honour 5 but followed him into
England with a peftilent Libel, in which they charged him to have
carried that Aft by corrupting fome, and a plain down-right buying
of the Voices of others. This was the firft tafte which they gave the
King of their malevolency towards his Perfon and Government 5 but
it (hall not prove to be the laft. His Majefty had another bufinefs to -
efFect at his being there, for which he needed not their Affiftance,
and for that reafon did not ask it: This was the railing of the City
of Edenbormgh to a See Epifcopal, which before was only a Borough
Town, belonging anciently to the Diocefs and Jurifdi&ion of Saint
Andrews. The Metropolitan of St. Andrews was willing for the com-
mon good toyieldunto this diminution of his Power and Profit 3 and
that the whole County of Lothian, extending from Edenborough-Fryth
to the Town of Berwick^, fhould be difmembred from his own Dio-
cefs, to ferve as a Diocefs to this Biftiop of new Election. And on the
other fide, the Duke of Lenox5 whofe Anceftors had long enjoyed
the Fr/0rj> of St. Andrews, with a great part of the Lands belonging td
it, was willing to let his Majefty have a good peny worth of fomepart
of thofe Lands, to ferve as a Patrimony to this new Epifcopal See3
and the Biftiop of it: Which Provifion being thus made and fetfed,
ForbeJJe a right grave and folid Divine, is made the firft Biftiop of this
City, his Cathedral fixed in the Church of St. Giles Cbeingthe faireft
in theTownJ a Dean appointed for that Church, fome Minifters of
Edenborough and the Parts adjoining, being nominated for the Canons
or Prebends of it. A defign pious in it felf, and purpofely intended to
inure the Edenburghersto the Fatherly Government of a Bifhop, who
by tempering the exorbitances of the Minifters there, might by de-
grees prepare the People to fuch impreflions of Conformity as his Ma-
jefty, by the Council and Confent of the reft of theBiftiops, fhould
gracioufly be pleafed to imprint upon them. But fuch ill luck his
Majefty had with that ftubborn Nation, that this was look'd upon alfo
as a general Grievance, and muft be thought to aim at no other end
than Tyranny and Popery, and what elfe they pleated.
We have almoft done our work in Scotland, and yet hear nothing
all this while of the Bifhop of London--, not that he did not go the
Journey, but that there was little] to be done at his being there, but
to fee and be feen : And yet it was a Journey which brought him
fome accefs of Honour, and gave him opportunity of making himfelf
known to thpfe of beft Quality of \hat Kingdom. He had been in
Scotland with King James'-) but then he waited only as a private
Chaplain. He is now looked upon as the third Biftiop of England in
Place, and the greateft in Power} zCounfellor of state, and the Kings
great Favourite. He entred Scotland as a Privy-Couniellor of Eng-
land only ; but returned thence as a CounfelloT for that Kingdom
alfo : to which Office" he was fworn on the fifteenth of lune. Nor
did
^he Life of William
PART I. did hefhew himfelf lefs ablein that Church, than in the Council-
Anno Vom. Chamber ^ being appointed by his Majefty to Preach before him on
I 6 % 3. the laftofthat Month : in which fome queftion may be made how he
\j*7~\fm*>J pleafedthe Scots, although it be out of queftion that hepleafed the
King. The greateft part of the following July was rpentin vifiting
the Country, and taking a view of the chief Cities, and mofr remark-
able Parts and Places of it : Which having feen, he made a Pofting
x ' Journey to the Queen at Greenwich*, whither he came on Saturday the
twentieth of jf/^croftingthe Water at B lac luteal l ,and looking towards
London from no nearer diftance : But in this Ad he laid afide the Maje-
fty of his Predecedbrs, efpeciallyof Queen Elizabeth of Famous Me-
mory, of whom it was obferved, That fhe did very feldom end any
of her summer Progrefjes, but (he would wheel about to fome end of
London, to make her paflage to Whitehall thorow fome part of the
City^ not only requiring the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, in their
Scarlet Robes and Chains of Cold, to come forth to meet her : but the
feveral Companies of the City to attend folemnly in their Formalities
as fhe went along. By means whereof fhe did not only prcferve that
Majefty which did belong to a Queen of England, but kept the Citi*
z,£w(andconfequentlv all the Subjects) in a reverent Eftimationand
Opinion of her. She ufedthe like Artsalfo in keeping up the Maje-
fty of the Crown, and Service of the City, in the Reception and
bringing in of Foreign EmbaJJadors 5 who if they came to London by
Water, were met at Grave/end by the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen,and
Companies in their feveral Barges,and in that folemn manner conduct-
ed unto fuch Stairs by the Water-fide, as were neareft to the Lodgings
provided for them: But if they were to come by Land, they were
metin the like fort at shooters-Hill^ by the Mayor and Aldermen, and
thence conducted to their Lodgings, the Companies waiting in the
Streets in their feveral Habits. Thelike fhe ufed alfo in celebrating
the Obfequies of all Chriftian Rings, whether Pop/Jb or Protectant, with
whom fhe was in Correfpondence 5 performed in fuch a Solemn and
Magnificent manner, that it prefer ved her in the eftimation of all
Foreign Princes, though differing in Religion from her, befides the
great contentment which the People took in thofe Royal Pomps.
Some other Arts fhe had of preferring Majefty, and keeping diftance
with her People ••> yet was fo popular withal, when fhefawher time,
that never Majefty and Popularity werefo matched together. But
thefe being laid afide by King James, who broked neither of them }
and not refumed by King Charles, who loved them not much more
than his Father did 5 there followed firft a neglect of their Perfbns,
which Majefty would have made more Sacred 5 and afterwards a mif-
likeof their Government, which a little Popularity would have made
more grateful.
Laud havingno fuch caufeof hafrning homewards, returned not to
his Houfeat fulhimi\\\ the twenty fixrhof the fame month: Buthe
came time enough to hear the news of Abbot's Sicknefs, and within
few days after, of his Death, which hapned on Sunday morning the
fourth of Augufi, and was prefently fignificd to the King, being then
Lord zArcbbiJhop of Canterbury. xiy
at Greenwich. A man he was that had tafted both of good and ill LIB. 117.
Fortune in extremes; affirmed by the Church Hiftorian ("for I (hall Anno Vom.
only fpeak him in the words of others J to be a grjve man in his Con- 1635.
verfation, andunblameable in his Life: but fjid withal to have been ^jf^T^
carried with non amavit gentem nofiram, forfaking the Birds of his lJ'^. g *
own feather, to flye with others, and generally favouring the. Laity II,p*12 *
above the Clergie, in all Cafes which were brought before him : Con- 0f Kt
ceivedby one of our State Hiftorians, to be too facil and yielding in Charles,
the exercifing of his Function, by whom it is alfo affirmed, That his p. 131.
extraordinary remifneft^in not exalting fir ict Conformity to the prefcribed
Orders of the Church in point of Ceremony feemed to refolve thofe legal
Determinations to their firfi Principle of Indifferency, and to lead in fitch
an habit of Inconformity, as the future reduction of thofe tender- con fci-
enc'd men to long difcontinued Obedience, was interpreted an Innovation.
By the firft Character we find what made him acceptable amongft the
Gentry; by thelaft, what made him grateful to the Puritan, in favour
of which men he took fo little care of the great Truft committed to
him, and gave them fo many opportunities of increafing both in
Power and Numbers, that to ftop them in their full career, it was
found neceflfary to fufpend him from his Metropolttical Jurisdiction,
as before was noted.
It is reported, That as Prince Henry, his Majefty, then Duke of
Tork^, Archbifaop Abbot, with many of the Nobility were waiting in
the Privy Chamber for the coming out of King 'james \ the Prince, to
put a jefton the Duke his Brother, took the Archbilhops Square Cap *
out of his hands, and put it on his Brothers head, telling him, that if
he continued a good Boy, and followed his Book, he would one day
make him Archbifhop of Canterbury. Which the Child took in fuch
difdain, that he threw the Cap upon the ground, and trampled it un-
der his feet, not being without much difficulty and fome force taken
off from that eagernefs. This though firft it was not otherwife beheld
than as an Aft of Childifh Paffion, yet when his Brother Prince Henry
died, and that he was Heir apparent to the Crown, it was aken up by
many zealous Church-men for fome ill prelage unto the Hierarchy of
Biftiops 3 the overthrow whereof by his Act and Power did feem to
be fore-fignified by it. But as their fears in that were groundlefs, fo
their conjectures were no better grounded than their fears (there ne-
ver being a greater Patron of theEpifcopal order than he lived and
diedj but whether there might not be fome prefage in it in reference
to the Archbi (hops perfon, the diminution of his Dignity and fall of
his Power, may be beft judged by this fufpenfion and the confequents
which followed on it: And though he lived not long under the difgrace,
yet in the interval of time he faw fo much of his Authority devolved
on Laud, that he grew more and more difcontented, and was ready
in a manner to have madehimfelf the head of the Puritan Faction.
It is related by a late Writer, That towards his death he was not
only difcontented himfelf, but that his houfewas theRendezvouz of
all the Male-contents in Church and State, that he turned Mid-night
to Noon- day by conftant keeping of Candles lighted in his Chamber
G g and
The Life o/William
PART I. and Study $ as al(b that fuch Vifitants as repaired unto him called
Anno Vom. themfelves Nicodemites0becau(h of their fecret coming to him by night.
1639. I know how much that Author hath been miftaken in other things,
Wrff^V"^ but I fee nothing in this which may not be confident with the truth of
Hiftory. Certain I am, his Chaplains were fucceffively declared
Calvinians, his Secretary a profefled Patron of the Puritan Fa<3-ion,his
doors continually open to the Chiefs of that party, and fuch as ftick-
ledinthatcaufe 5 and amongft others to him by whofe Suggeftion (if
we may take his own report) the Hifiorical Narration was called in,
for the great danger which it threatned to the grounds of Cahinifm.
Ch. Hijl. B. For his compliance with the Gentry againft the Clergy, this reafbn
11. p. 128. is alledged from his own mouth, That he r^as fo feveretothe Clergie on
purpofeto re/cue them from the feverity of other and to prevent the pn-
nifhment of them by Lay 'judges to their greater foames 5 which leaves the
poor Clergy under a greater obloquy than any which their enemies
had laid upon them. But the truer reafon of it was, that having ne-
ver been Parfon, Vicar, nor Curate, he was altogether ignorant of
thofe afflictions which the Clergy do too often fuffer by the pride of
fome, and the Avarice of others of their Country Neighbours, and
confequently (hewed the leaft compaffion towards them when any of
them had the hard fortune to be brought before .him. And for his
compliance with the Puritans againit the Church this reafon is alledged
' by others, viz. That he (hewed the greater favour to them, to keep
the ballance even betwixt them and the VapiUs 5 as Laud was thought
to be indulgent to the Papifts, the better to keep down the pride and
prevalency of the Puritan Faction. But the truer reafon of it was,that
he had been always inclinable to them from his firft: beginnings 5 info*
much that when he went Chaplain into Scotland w'\th the Earl of Dun-
bar £ imployed by King James in fbme negotiation about that Church)
he was upon the point of betraying the caufe, if Hodgskjns^ (after-
wards one of the Refdentiaries of Tork^) who went Chaplain with
him, had not preacquainted the Earl with his tergiverfation.
And as he laboured to be Popular upon both accounts, fohe endea-
voured a more particular correfpondence with the Gentry of Kent>
but moft efpecially of his own Diocefs. It had been formerly the
cuftom of his PredecefTors tofpend the greateft part of the Jong Va-
cations in the Palace of Canterbury met at the firft entrance into the
Diocefs with a body of five hundred horle, conducting them to Can-
terbury with great love and duty 5 feaftingthe Gentry, relieving the
poor City, entertaining their Tenants, and by them liberally furnifh-
ed on the other fide with all forts of provifions. Abbot affected not
this way, and therefore never beftowed any fuch vifit upon his Dio-
cefs, but when he was confined to his houfe at Ford by the Kings ap-
pointment 5 and yet refolved upon a courfe which carried fbme equi-
valence with it towards his defign. For once or twice in every year
(and fometimesoftner) at the end of the Term he would caufe enqui-
ry to be made in WeJiminfter-HaU, the common Rendezvouz in Saint
Vault Church, and the Royal Exchange, for all fuch Gentlemen of
his Diocefs as lodged in and about the City of London^ difperfing fe-
veral
Lord zArcbbiJhop of Canterbury.
veral Tickets from one to another., by which they were invited to a L I B. ill.
general entertainment at his houfe in Lambeth^ the next day after the Anno Vom
end of theprefent Term,where hefeafted them with great bounty and 163 3,
familiarity. A courfe as acceptable to the Kentijh Gentry as if he v-^V'w
had kept open Hofpitality in his Palace at Canterbury^ becaufe it
faved them both the trouble of attending on him, and the charge of
fending Prefents to him, both which had been expected if he had
fpent any part of the year amongft them. But this he difcontinued
alfo for three or four years, or more, before his death, fearing (as
affairs then (food) that it might render him obnoxious to feme mii»
conftruftions, which he was willing to avoid.
To bring his Story to an end, I fhall fay no more, but that he had l-'is
Birth at Guilford^ the chief Town of Surrey , and the beft part of his
breeding in BaliolCoUedge'mOxon. whereof he was Fellow, and from
thence preferred to be Mafter of Vniverfity Colledge, and Dean of
Winton. Other preferments he had none till he came to Lichfield.,
of which he was confecrated Bifhop on the third of December^ Anno
1 609. from thence tranflated unto London within few Months after, and
within twelve Months after thattothe See of Canterbury. Marks of his
Benefaction we find none, in places of his Breeding, and Preferments 5
but a fair Hofpital, well built, and liberally endowed in the place of
his Birth. To which the woful man retired in the firft extremity of
thofe afflictions which his misfortune at Eramzillhad drawn upon h'u
and to this place he defigned his body whenfoever it fhould plea
God to tranflate him out of the Church Militant to the Church trim -
phant, which hapned on the fourth of AuguJ?z as before was (aid.
The End ef the Firft Far),
crT RU^VS y^g L 1 CV S :
OR, THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Life and Death
O F
The mod Reverend and Renowned Prelate
WILLIAM
By Divine Providente ,
Lord Archbifliop of Canterbury, Primate of all
ENGLAND, and Metropolitan, Chancellor of the
Univerfities of Oxon. and Dublin, and one of the
Lords of the Privy Council to His late moO:
SACRED MAJESTY
King CHARLES
Second MONARCH of great Britain.
Part II.
Carrying on the Hiflory from his Nomination to the Metropoliticai
See of Canterbury, Auguft 6. 1633. to the day of his
Death and Burial, Jan. 10. 16*44.
LONDON,
Printed by J. M for fevcral Book-fellers in London, 16 ji
THE '
LI F E
O F
The moft Reverend FATHER in GOD
WILLIAM
Lord Archbiftiop of Canterbury.
h I B. IV.
Extending from his being made Archbijhop of Canterbury to
the end of the Parliament and Convocation, Anno 1 640. .
CANTERBURY was anciently the principal City of the
Kingdom, and afterwards of the County of Kent, fituate
about feven miles from the Sea 9 and neighboured by a
littleRiver, capable only of fmall boats, and confeqnent-
ly of no great ufe for the wealth and trading of the place.
It was made an Arcbiepifiopal see at the firft planting of theGofpd a-
mongft the English 5 Auguftine the Monk who firft preacht the one, be-
ing the firft Archbiftiopof the other. For though that Dignity was by
Pope Gregory the Great defigned for London, yet Attguftine the Monk
(whom he fent hither on that Errand J having received this City in
gift from the King, refolvedto fix himfelf upon it without going fur-
ther. Merlin had prophefied as much, if thofe Prophefies be of any
credit, fignifying, that the (a) Metropolitan dignity which was then
at London,- (hould in the following times be transferred to Canterbury.
Ethelbertthen King of Kent, having thus given away the Regal City,
retires himfelf unto Recnlver, where he built his Palace for himfelf and
his SuccefTors in that Kingdom, leaving his former Royal Seat to be the
Archie-
Anno Vorn*
1633.
(a) Dignhai
Londiniador-
nabit Dortber-
mam, Moth.
Weft, in Hift.
Flor.
i 6 The Life of \N illiam
"IT"
PART I. Archiepifcopal Palace for the Archbifhops of Canterbury. TheCathe-
Annt Vom. dral, having been a Church before in the Britains time, was by the
1633. faid Archbifhop Augufiine repaired, Confecrated and Dedicated to
v-^"V^>J the name of chrifl, which it ftill retains, though for a long time toge- ,
ther it was called St. Thomas, in honour of Thomas Eeck$t^ one of the
Archbifliops hereof, who was murrhered in it. Theprefent Fabrick
wa6 begun by Archbifhop Lanfrank^ and William Carboyh 5 and by
degrees made perfect by their Succeflors. Take Canterbury as the
Seat of the Metropolitan, it hath under it twenty one Suffragan Bi-
fhops, of which feventeenare in England, and four in Wales : But take
it as the Seat of a Diocefan, anditcontaineth only fome part of Kent,
to the number of 257 Parifhes, (the refidue being in the Diocefs of
Rochefter') together with fome few particular Parifhes difperfed here
an^ there infeveral DiocefTes 5 it being an ancient priviledge of this
See, that wherefoever the Archbifhops had their Mannors or Ad-
voufons, the place forthwith became exempt from the Ordinary, and
was reputed of the Diocefs of Canterbury. The other Priviledges
of this See are, that the Archbifhop is accounted Trimate and Metro-
politan of ALL England, and is the firft Veer of the Realm : having
precedency of all Dukes, not being of the Royal bloud, and all the
great Officers of the State. He hath the Title of Grace afforded him
in common lpeech, and writes himfelf Divina Providentia, where o-
ther Bifhops only'ufe Divina Permijpone. The Coronation of the
King hath anciently belonged unto him : It being alfo formerly re-
folved, that wherefoever the Court was, the King and Queen were
s - iaks W.tneFroPerandDomeftical Parifhioners of the Archbifhop of Can-
&Domeftici' terbury. It alfo did belong unto him in former times to take unto
Parocbiam himfelf the Offerings made at the holy Altar by the King and Queen,
efifilfi.Arcl"' wherefoever the Court was, if he were prefent at the fame 3 and to
appoint the Lent Preachers : but thefe time hath altered, and the King
otherwifedifpofed of them. Abroad in General Councilshe had place at
the Popes flight foot : At home this Royal Priviledge, Thatthofe
which held Lands of him wereliable for Wardfhip tohim5andto com-
pound with him for the fame, though they held other Lands in chief
of our Lord the King. And for the more increafe of his power and
honour it was Enacted, 25. Hen. viii. and 21. tcThat all Licenfes
"and Difpenfations ("not repugnant to the Law of God) whiph .here-
tofore were fued for in the Court of Rome, fliould be hereafter
<c granted by the Archbifhop of Canterbury and his Succeflors. As al-
" fo in the I Eliz. and 2. 1 hat by the Advice of the Metropolitan or
£C Fccleftaftical Commiftiouers, the Queens Majefty might ordain and
cc publifhfuch Rites and Ceremonies, as may bemoft forthe Advance-
cc mentof Gods glory, the Edifying of his Church, and the due Re-
cc verence of Chrifts holy Sacraments. To this high dignity Laud
fucceedeth on the death of Abbot, nominated unto it by the Kingorf
the fixth of Auguji, the Election returned and prefented to his Ma-
jefty from the Dean and chapter, on the twenty fifth of the fame, and
the translation fully perfected on the nineteenth of September then
next following, on which day he kept a folemn and magnificent Feaft
at
Lord oyirMiJhop of Canterbury. z\y
at his houfe in Lambeth, his State being fetcutin the great Chamber LIB. IV.
of that houfe., and all perfbns (landing bare before it after .the accu- AnnoVori*
ftomed maimer* his Steward, Treafurer, and Comptroller, attending 1633.
with their white ftaves in their federal Offices. L<c^",V~s^J
Thus have we brought him to his height, and from that height we
may take as good a profpect into. the Church under his direction, a's
the advantage of the place can prefent unto us. And if we look into
the Church as it ftood under his direction, we (hall find the Prelates
generally more intent upon the work committed to them, more ear-
neftto reduce this Church to the ancient Orders,than in former times \
the Clergy more obedient to the Commands of their Ordinaries^
joyning together to advance the work of 'Uniformity recommended
to them, the Liturgy more punctually executed in all the parts and
offices of it 3 the Word more diligently preacht, the Sacraments more
reverently adminiftred, than in Tome fcores of years before 5 the peo-
ple more conformable to thofe Pveverend Geftures in the Houfe of
God, which, though prefcribed before, were but little practifed more
coft laid out upon the beautifying and adorning of Parochial Church-
es, in furniflhing and repairing Parfonage-houfes, than at or in all the
times fince the Reformation 5 the Clergy grown to fuch efteem, for
parts and power, that the Gentry thought none of their Daughters
to be better difpofedof, than fuch as they had lodged in the Arms of
a Church-man 3 and the Nobility grown fo well affected to the State
of the Church, that fome of them defigned their younger Sons to the
Order of Priefthood, to make them capable of rifing in the fame Af-
cendant. Next, if we look into the Doctrine, we (hall find her to be
no lefs glorious within, then beautified and adorned to the outward
eye 5 the Doctrines of it publickly avowed and taught, in the literal
and Grammatical fenfe, according to the true intent and meaning of
the firft Reformers 5 the Dictates and Authorities of private men
(which before had carried all before them) fubjectedto the fenfe of
the Church ^ and the Church hearkening to no other voice than that
of their great shepherd fpeaking to them in his Holy Scriptures 5 all
bitterneiVes of fpirit fo compofed and qualified on every fide, that the
advancement of the great work of Unity and Uniformity between
thepartics went forwards likethe building of Solomons Temple with-
out the noife of Axe or Hammer. If you will take her Character
from the mouth of a (7) Proteftant, he will give it thus: cc He that .
Ccdefirestopourtray England (faith he) in her full ftructureof exter- c^cs \b '
cc nal glory, let him behold the church fhining in tranfcendent Empy- j_j „ 2^2<
"real brightnefs, and purity of Evangelical TTruths. Her Religious
cc Performances, her holy Offices, ordered and regulated agreeable to
\ cctheftrict expedient of fuch Sacred Actions. Her Difcipline, Mo-
ccdel,futableto the Apoftolick Form. The fet and fuit of her whole
cc Tribe, renowned for Piety and Learning, are all thofein fb fuper-
" eminent a degree, that no Church on this fide of the Apoftolick, can
cc or could compare with her in any one : All Arts and Sciences nigh-
tly honoured, and confequently their Academies to flourifh. To
which laft part of the Character let me add thus much, That the Um-
H h verfities
2j8 The Life of W i l l i a m
PArvT II. verfities never had fuch a flouridiing time for number of Students,
AnnoVom. civility of Converfation, and eminence in all parts of Learning, as
i 6 i 3. when the influences of his Power and Government did direct their
^f^T^ Studies.
Cbfrit If y°u wiI1 takeher Character fromthe Pen of a (d) Jefuit, you
Inzimained ^nc* ^m *Peaking, amongfl: many falQhoods, thefe undoubted
fe&. 2. ' Truths, viz. "That the Profetfbrs of it, they efpecially ofgreateft
cc Worth, Learning and Authority, love Temper and Moderation ;
cc That the Doctrines are altered in many things 5 as for example^ the
" Pope not Antichrifi, Pi&ures, Free-will, Predejiination, Vniverfd
" Grace, Inherent Righteoufnefs, the preferring of Charity before Know-
" ledge, the Merit (or Reward rather) of good Workj'-, the 39 Articles
cc feeming patient, if not ambitious alfo of fome Catholick fenfe 5
" That their Churches begin to look with a new face, their Walls to
" fpeaka new Language, and fome of their Divines to teach, That the
" Church hath Authority in determining Controverts of Faith, and inter-
"pret/ng the Scriptures '-> That men in talk and writing ufe willingly
" the once fearful names of Priejis and Altars,'dnd are now put in mind,
" That for Exposition of Scripture they are by Canon bound to follow
<c the Fathers. So far the Jefiit may be thought to fpeak nothing but
truth '■) but had he tarried there, he had been no Jefuit: And therefore
to preferve the Credit of his Order, he rauft flye out further, and tell
us this, viz,.' "That Proteftantifinwaxeth weary of it felf 3 That we
" are at this time more unrefolved where to fatten, than in the infancy
« of our Church 3 That our Doctrine is altered in many things, for
"which our Progenitors forfook the then vifible Church of Chrift,
" amongfl: which he reckons Limbus Patrum, Prayer for the Dead,JuJii-
cc fication not by Faith alone, The pojfibility of peeping Cods Command-
Ciments, and the accounting of Calvinifm to be Herefie at the leaji, if
" not alfo Treafon. Which Points the Jefiit cannot prove to have
been pofitively maintained by any one Divine in the Church of Eng-
land 3 and yet thofe foolifh men began to phancy fuch a mi^con-
ftruftion of that Ingenuity and Moderation which they found in fome
ProfefTors of our Religion, whom they affirmed to be of greateft
Worth, Learning and Authority, as to conceive that we were coming
towards an Agreement with them, even in thofe Superflitions and
Idolatries which made the firft Wall of Separation between the
Churches. Upon which hope (as weak and fooliCh as it was) the late
Archbilhop of Canterbury was no fooner dead, but one of their Party
cametoLtftt^/, whom they looked upon as his Succellbr, ferioufJy
tendred him the offer of a Cardinals Cap, and avowed Ability to per-
form it 5 to whom he prefentiy returned this Anfwcr, That fomewhat
dwelt within him which would not fujfer him to accept the Ojfer,ti 11 &ome
were other wife thanitwas: And this being faid, he went immediately
to his Majeity, acquainting him both with the Man, and with hisMef-
fage, together with the Anfwer which he made unto it. The like he
alfo did when the fame Offer was reinforced a fortnight after 5 upon
which fecond R.efu(al, the Tempter left him^ and that not only for that
time, but for ever after.
But
Lord <tArchbiJhoj> of Canterbury.
But to proceed : To welcome him to his new great Charge, here- LIB. IV.
ceived Letters from his Majefty, dated upon the very day of his Con- Anno Vem.
firmation, upon this occafion. It had been ordered by the ancient 1635.
Canons of the Church, "That none fhould be admitted Deacon or i^V***
ccPrieft, who had not firft fome certain place where he might ufc his
Function. And it was ordered by the Canons of the year 1603. xn
purfuance of the faidold Canons, cc That no perfon fhould be admit-
cc ted into Sacred Orders, except he (hall at that time exhibit to the
" Bifhop of whom he defireth Impofition of Hands, a Prefentation of
cc himfeLf to fome Ecclefiaftical Preferment then void in that Diocefs '-,
"or (hall bring unto the faid Bifhop a true and undoubted Certificate,
"That either heis provided of fomeChurch within the faid Diocefs, Can-iy
"where he may attend the Cure of Souls, or of fomeMinifters Place
"vacant, either in the Cathedral Church of that Diocefs, or of fome
" other Collegiat Church therein alfo fcituate, where he may execute
" his Miniftry or that he is a Fellow, or in right as a Fellow, or to
« be a Conduct or Chaplain in fome Colledge in either of the Uni ver-
ec fities 5 or except he be a Mafter of Arts of five years (landing, that
"liveth in either of them at his own charge. And hereunto was ad-
ded this Commination, "That if any Bifhop (hall admit any perfon
*c into the Miniftry, that hath none of thefo Titles as is aforefaid, then
"hefhallkeep and maintain him with all things necefTary, till he do
"prefer him to fome Ecclefiaftical Living, and on his refufal To to do,
" he (hall be fufpended by the Archbifhop, being affifted with another
ec Bifhop, from giving of Orders by the fpace of a year. Which fe-
vere Canon notwithstanding, fome Bifhops of the poorer Sees, for
their private benefit, admitted many men promifcuoufly to Holy Or-
ders, fo far from having any Title, that they had no Merit: By means
whereof the Church was filled with indigent Clerks , which either
thruft themfelves into Gentlemens Houfes to teach their Children, and
fometimes to officiate Divine Service at the Tables end 5 or otherwife
to undertake fome Stipendary Lecture, wherefoever they could find
entertainment, to the great fomenting of Faction in the State, the
Danger of Schifm in the Church, and ruine of both. It had been for-
merly ordered by his Majefties Inftrudtions of the year 1629. cc That
no private Gentleman, not qualified by Law, fhould keep any Chap-
lain in his Houfe : Which though it were fomewhat ftriftly inquired
into at the firft, yet not a few of them retained their Chaplains, as be-
fore : For remedy whereof for the time to come, it was thought fit to
tie the Bifhops from giving Orders untoany which were not qualified
according to the forefaid Canon 5 which was conceived to be the only
probable means of diminifhing the number both of fuch petit Lectu-
rers, and fuch Trencher-Chaplains 5 the Englifl) Gentry not being then
come to fuch wild extremities, as to believe that any man might exer-
cifethe Priefts Office, inminiftring the Sacraments, Praying, Preach-
ing, &c. which was not lawfully Ordained by fome Bifhop or other.
Now his Majefties Letter to this purpofe was as followeth.
Hh 2
CHARLES
24.0 The Life o/William
part n.
Anno Vom. CHARLES REX.
1633.
trf^V^J "m jt off Reverend Father in God, Right Trufty and Right Entirely 4e^
JV.I, loved Counfellor, We greet you well. There is nothing more dear
to us than the prejervation of true Religion, as it is now fetled and ejia-
blified in this Our Kingdom, to the Honour of God, the great Comfort of
Our Self and Our Loyal People: and there can nothing more conduce to the
Advancement thereof than the ftri& ohfervations of fuch Canons of the
Church as concern thofe who are to take Orders in their feveral Times 5
more efpeciallyof peeping that particular Canon which enjoy ns, That no
man he made a Pried without a Title: For We find, that many not Jb
qualified, do by favour or other means procure themfelves to be Ordained,
and afterwards for want of means wander up and down, to the fcandal of
their Callings or to get Maintenance, fall upon fuch Courfes as weremojl
unfit for them, both by humouring their Auditors, and other ways altoge-
ther unfuffer able. We have therefore thought fit, and We do hereby Jlraight-
ly comm"and, require, and charge you, to call fuch Bifimps to you as are now
prefent in or near Our City of London, and to acquaint them with this Our
Resolution. And further, That you fail not in the beginning of the next
Term, to give notice of this Our Will and Pleafure openly in Our High-Com-
miflion Court i and that you call into your faid Court every Bifoop refpe&ive-
ly, that fijall prefume to give Orders to any man that hath not a Title, and
there to cenfure him as the Canon aforefaid doth enjoy n (which is, to main-
tain the Tarty fo Ordered till he give him a Title) and with what other
Cenfure you in Jujiice fh all thinks fit. And Our further Will is, That no-
thing fiall be reputed a Title to enable a man for Orders, but that which is
fo by the Ancient Courjeof the Church, and the Canon-Law, fo far forth
as that Law is received in this Our Church of England. And as yon mujl
not fail in thefe Our Directions, nor in any part of them fo We expeft
that you give Vs from time to time a jlricJ Account of your Proceedings in
the fame.
Given under Our signet at Our Palace of Weftminfter, Septemb. 19.
in the ninth year of Our Reign. 1633.
On the Receipt of thefe Letters, which himfelf had bothadvifed
and digefted, he called fuch of his Suffragan Bifhops who were then a-
bout London to come before him, acquaints them with the great fcandal
which was given the Church, the danger of Schifm and Faction which
might thence arife, and the more than ordinary difpleafure which
had been taken by his Majefty and the Lords of his Council, at fuch
unlawful and uncanonical Ordinations 5 he required them therefore
to be more careful for the time to come , and not to give the like
offence to his Sacred Majefty, who was refolved to Jfeethe Canons of
the Church in that particular more punctually obferved than they had
been formerly, and to call all fuch to an account who fhould pre-
fume hereafter to tranfgrefs therein.- Which faid, he gave to each of
them a Copy of his Majefties Letters, and lent the like Copies unto
all the reft of his Suffragan Bifhops inclofed in Letters of his own j
in
Lord zArcbbiJhoj) of Canterbury. z^,\
in which Letters having declared unto them as muchashefpake unto L [ B. IV.
the reft, touching his Majefties pious Care to redrefs that mifchief, he Anno ~Dom.
Tequires them and every one of them. That at all times of Ordination 1633.
they be very careful to admit none into Holy Orders, but fitch men as * f^^^J
for Life and Learning are fit, and which have a Title for their mainte- J^',^'*3
nance, according to the Laws and the ancknt Tractice of the Churchy of e ^ C*11'
firing them that his Majcjiy had commanded him to let them know \ That
he would not fail to call for an account of thofe his Letter both from him
and them 3 and therefore, That he did not doubt but that they would have,
a fpecialcare both of the good of the Churchy and his Majejiies Content-
ment in it. The like Letters were fent from his Majefty, by his pro-
curement, to the Archbifhop of Tork^, who was as fenfible of the in-
convenience as himfelf could be. And though nothing was required
in either of the faid Letters, but what had been provided for in the
Canon of 1 603 . yet was it as much inveighed againft as if it had been
a new device, never heard of formerly. The reafon was, becaufe
that neither any Le&ure, nor any poffibility of being entertained as a
Chaplain in the Houfes of Noblemen, orothersof the inferiour Gen-
try, could be allowed of for a Title, and confequently no Orders to be
given hereafter under thofe Capacities. But notwithstanding thofe
Reproaches, the Archbifhopsfobeftirred therafelves, and kept lucha
ft rift eye on their feveral Suffragans, that from henceforth we hear
but little of fuch vagrant Minifters and Trencher-Chaplains (" the old
brood being once worn out} as had peftred and annoy e$fhe Church
in thofe latter Times. ( '"
It istobeobferved, That the Archbifhops Letter to his feveral Suf-
fragans bears date on the eighteenth of OBober, which day gives date
alfo to his Majefties Declaration about Lawful sports, concerning
which we are to know. That the Commons in the firft Parliament of
his Majefties Reign had gained an Act, That from thenceforth there
fhouldbe no AfTembly or Concourfe of People out of their own Pa-
rishes on the Lords day, or any Bull-baiting, Bear-baiting, Enterludes,
Common Plays, or any other unlawful Exercifes or Pafttmesin their
own Parifhes on the fame : Which being gained, they obtained another
in the third Parliament, for inhibiting all Carriers, Waggoners, Dro-
vers, Pack-men, for Travelling on the faid day with their Horfes,
Waggons, Packs, &c. As alfo, That no Butcher fhould from thence-
forth kill or fell any Victual upon that day, either by himfelf or any
other, under the feveral Penalties therein contained. And though it
was not his Majefties purpofein thofe Acts to debar any of his good
Subjects from any honeft and harmlefs Recreations, which had not
been prohibited by the Laws of the Land 5 or that it fhould not be
lawful for them, in cafe of neceffity, to buy a piece of Meat for the ufe
of their Families, the Butchers Shop not being fet open as on other
days : yet prefently fome Publick Minifters of Juftice began to put a-
nother fenfe upon thofe Acts, than ever came within the compafs of
his meaning. For at the Summer Affizes held in Exon. Anno 1627.
an Order was made by Walter then Chief Baron, and Den-ham one q[ Cant. Doom.
the puifne Barons of the Court of Exchequer, for fupprefling all Re- p,,53«
vels.
2^z The Life of William
PAtvT II. vels, Church-Ales, Clerk-Ales, which had been ufed upon that day 3
Anno T>om. requiring the Juftices of the Peace within the faid County to fee the
1633. lame put in execution 5 and that every Minifter in his Parifh-Church
l^V"^ fhouldpublifh the faid Order yearly, onthefirft Sunday in Febrmiy.
The like Order made in the fame year alfo for the Counties of somerfet
"and Dorfet, and probably enough forfome of the other Counties of
that Wejiern Circuit*, none of them in thofe fqueafie and unfetled
Times being queftioned for it. And then in reference to the Statute
of the Third of this King, a Warrant is granted in the month of April
p. 122. 1629. by Richard Dean then Lord Mayor of London, for apprehending
all Porters carrying Burthens, or Water-men plying at their Oars, all
Tankard-bearers carrying Water to their Matters Houfes, all Chand-
lers and Huckfters which bought any Victuals on that day of the Coun-
try-Carriers, all Vintners, Alehoufe-keepers, Strongwater-men, and
Tobacco-fellers, which fuffered any Perfon to fit drinking on that
day (though poffibly they might do it only for their hfmeft neceffities )
In which as Dean out-went the Statute, foRaynton in the fame Office,
Anno 1633. over-a&ed Dean, prohibiting a poor woman from felling
Apples on that day in Saint Paul's Church-yard, within which place he
could pretend no Jurifdidtion, and for that caufe was queftioned and
reproved by Laud then Bifhop of London.
But none foluftily laid about him in this kind, as Richard/on the
Chief Jufticc of his Majefties Bench, who in the Xe^-Aflizesfor the
County of Somerfet^ Anno 163 1. publifhed the like Order to that
which had been made by Walter for the Couaty of Devon 5 not only
requiring thatthe Juftices of the Peace in the faid County fhould fee
the fame to be duly put in execution: but alfo (as the other had done
before)that publication (hould be made thereof in the Parifh-Churches
by all fuch Minifters as did Officiate in the fame, with which encroach-
ment upon the Ecclefiaftical Jurifdi&ion, in impofing upon men in Holy
Orders the publifhing of Warrants and Commands from the Secular
Judges, Land being then Bifhop of London, and finding his Majefties
Affairs in a quieter condition than they had been formerly, was not
meanly offended, as he had good reafon fo to be, and made complaint
of it to the King, who thereupon commanded Richardfon to revoke
the faid Ordea at the next Affizes. But Richardfon was fo.far from
obey ing his Majefties Command in thatparticulaf^thaton the contrary
he not only confirmed his former Order, but made it more perempto-
ry than before: Upon complaint whereof by Sir Robert Philips, and
other chief Gentlemen of that County, his Majefty feemed to be very
much moved, and gave Command to the Bifhop of London to require
an Account from the Bifhop of Bath and Wells then being, how the
faid FeaU-days, Church- Ales, Wakes, or Revels, were for the moft part
celebrated and obfervedin his Diocefs. On the Receipt of which
Letters the Bifhop calls before him 72 of themoft Orthodox and ableft
_ Clergy-men amongft them, who certified under their feveral hands-,
V.T 2°°m' r^at on the Feaft-days (WjzV£ commonly fell upon the Sunday) the Ser-
vice of God -was more folemnly performed, and the Church rcas better
frequented both in the forenoon and afternoon, than upon any Sunday
in
Lord Jrcbbifbop (^Canterbury.
in the ye 5 That the People very much de fired the continuance of them 5 L I B. IV.
sThat the Minijiers in motl Places did the like^ for the fe Kea funs Jpecially Anno D0m*
viz. For preferving the memorial of the Dedication of their feveral \ 6
Churches 5 For civilizing the People. j For composing Differences^ by the V-^V^J
mediation and meeting of Friends 5 For encreafe of Love and Vnity0 by
thofe Feajis of Charity 5 For Relief and Comfort of the Poor (the Richer
part in a manner keeping open Houje,) &c. On the Return of which
Certificate, fo feafonably lecondingthe Complaint and Information of
the Gentry, Pdchardfin was again convented at the Council-Table,
and peremptorily commanded to reverfe his former Orders at the
next Affizes for that County , withal receiving fuch a rattle for his \
former Contempt by the Biihop of London^ that he came out blubbe-
ring and complaining. That he had been almofi choaked with a pair of ,
Lawn sleeves.
Whilft thefe things were thus in agitation, one Brabourne a poor
School-matter in the Diocefs of Norfolk, being feduced and mif-
guided by the continual inculcating of the Morality of the Lords-day-
Sabboth from the Prefs and Pulpit, publifhed a Book in maintenance
of the Seventh- day-sabbotfa as it was kept amongfl: the Jews^ and pre-
fcribed by Mofes, according to Gods Will and Pleafure fignified
in the Fourth Commandment. This Book at the firft not daring to
behold the Light, went abroad by ftealth 5 but afterwards appeared
inpublick with an open confidence, an Epiftle Dedicatory to his Maje-
fty being placed before it. His Ma jefry extremely moved with fo lewd
an impudence, and fearing to be thought the Patron of a Doctrine fo
abhorrent from all Chnftian Piety, gave Order for the Author to be
Cenfuredin the High-Co mm ijfion. Brabournebe'mg thereupon called
into that Court, and the Caufe made ready for an Hearing, his Er-
rour was fo learnedly confuted by the Bifhops and other judicious
Divines then prefent, that he began to ftagger in his former Opinion 5
which hint being taken by their Lordlhips, he was admonifhed in a
grave and fatherly manner tofubmit himfelf unto a Conference with
fuch Learned men as (hould be appointed thereunto 5 to which he
chearfully confented, and found fuch benefit by that Meeting?, that by-
Gods bleffing he became a Convert, and freely conformed himfelf to
the Orthodoxal Doctrine of the Church of England^ concerning the
sabboth and Lords-day: Which Tendencies of fbme of the People to
downright Judaifm, grounded upon the Practices and Portions of the
Sabbatarians^ and feconded by the petulancyof fome PublickMini-
fters of Juftice, in debarring his good Subjects in keeping the ancient
Dedication-Feaft of their feveral Churches, occafioned his Majefty to
think of the reviving of his Royal Fathers Declaration about lawful
Sports 5 To which end he gave Order to the Archbifhop of Canterbury
to caufe the fame to be Re-printed,word for word, as it had ifiued from
the Prefs in the time of his late Royal Father, Anno 161 8. at the end
whereof he caufed this Declaration of his ownfenfetobefuper-addedf,
that is to fay : /
Now out of a like Pious Care (faith his Sacred Majefty J for the Ser-
vice of God3 and for fupprejfing of any humours that oppofe the Truths
and
The Life of W I L L I A M
PART II. and for the eafe, and comfort, and recreation of Our well- defer ving People,
Anno Dom. We do Ratifie and PubliJJ) this Our Blejfed Fathers Declaration j the rather,
1639. kecaufe of late in fame Counties of Our Kingdom we find, that under pre-
WV^>J fence of taking away Ahufes, there hath been a general forbidding, not
only of ordinary Meetings, but of the Feafisof the Dedic ation of Churches,
commonly called Wakes. New Our exprefs Will and Vleafure is, That
thefe Feafls with others pall be obferved, and that Our Juftices of the
Teace in their fever al Divisions flialllook^to it,boththat all Di for ders there
may be prevented or punifjedj and that all neighbourhood and freedom.,
with manlike and lawful exer fifes be ujed. And We further command Our
Juftices of A/Jize in their fever al Circuits, to fee that no man do trouble or
moleji any of Our Loyal and Dutiful People, in or for their Lawful Recre-
ations, having firji done their Duty to God, and continuing in Obedience
to Us and Our Laws. And of this We command all Our Judges, Jufrices
of 'the Peace as well within Liberties as without, Mayors, Bayliffs, Confta-
bles, and other Officers, to take notvee, and to fee obferved, as they tender
Our difpleafure. And We further Will, That Publication of this Our Com-
mand be made by Order from 'the Bifliops, thorow all the Pari ft) Churches of
their fiveralDioceJfes refpe&ively. Given at our Palace at Weftminfter^
Oil. 18. in the ninth year of Our Reign, 1633.
His Majefty had fcarce dried his Pen, when he dipt it in the Ink a-
gain, upon this occafion: The Parifliioners of St. Gregorics in Saint
Pauls Church-yard had beftowed much coft in beautifying and adorn-
ing their Parifli Church 5 and having prepared a decent and conveni-
ent Table for the holy Sacrament, were ordered by the Dean and
Chapter of St. Pauls, as being Ordinaries of the place, to difpofe of it
in fuch a Pofture, in the Eaft end of the Chancel, as anciently it had
ftood, and did then ftand in the Mother Cathedral. Againftrhisfome
of the Parifhioners (not above five in number J appeal unto the Dean
of the Arches, and the Dean and Chapter to the King. The third
day of November is appointed for debating the Point in controvci fie
before the Lords of the Council 5 his Majefty fitting as chief Judge,
accompanied with Laud ArchbijJwp of Canterbury, Lord Keeper, Lord
Archbifiopof Torl^, Lord Treafurer, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Duke of
Lenox, Lord High Chamberlain, Earl Marflul, Lord Chamberlain, Earl
of Bridgcwater, Earl of Carlifle, Lord Cottington, Mr. Treafurer, Mr.
Comptroller, Mr. Secretary Cooke, Mr. Secretary Windebanke. The caufe
being heard, and all the Allegations on both fides exaftly pondcred.his
Majefty firfl: declared his diflike of all Innovations, and receding from
ancient Conftitutions, grounded upon juft and warrantable reafons, &c.
And afterwards gave Sentence in behalf of the Dean and Chapter.
Butbecaufe this Order of his Majefty in the cafe of St. Crcgories was
made the Rule, by which all other Ordinaries did proceed, in caufing
the Communion Table to be placed Alterwifem the Churches of their
feveraland refpe&ive Diocefles, I will fubjoyn it here verbatim as it
lies before me.
• 1 At
1 > '■ *
LwcniArchhiJho]) of Canterbury.
At Whitehall, Novem 3. 1533. AnmVeni
1633.
This day., was debated before his Majefiy fitting in Council thequefhi- l^V"^*
on avd difference whir h grew about the removing of the Communion-Table
in St Gregories Church, near the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, from
the middle of the Chancel to the upper end, and there placed Altarwife
in fuch manner as it Jlandeth in the faid Cathedral and Mother-Church,
{as alfo in other Cathedrals, and in his Majeffies oven Chappcl) and as is
confonant to the practice of approved Antiquity 5 which removing and
placing of it in that fort -was done by order of the Dean and Chapter of
St. Pauls, who are Ordinaries thereof as was avowed before his Majefiy
by Do ft or King, and Doftor Montfort, two of the Prebends there. Tet
fomefew of the Pariffioners, being but five in number, did complain of this
Aft by appeal to the Court of Arches, pretending thattheBool^of Common"
Prayer, and the 82. Canon, do give permiffionto place the Communion
Table where it may jland with mofi fitnefs and convenience. Now his
Majefiy having heard a particular relation, made by the Counfel of both
parties, of all the carriage and proceedings in this caufe, was pleafed to
declare his dijlike of all innovation and receding from ancient Confiitu-
tions, grounded upon juff and warrantable reafbns, efpecially in matters
concerning Ecclefiaflical Orders and Government, kjzowing how eafdy
men are drawn to affeCl Novelties, and how foon weah^ judgments in fuch
cafes may be overtaken and abufed. And he was alfo pleafed to obfervey
that if thoff few Pariffioners might have their wills, the difference thereby
from the forefaid Cathedral Mother-Ghurch, by which all other Churches
depending thereon ought to be guided, would be the more notorious, and
give more fnbjeft of difcourfe anddifputes that might be f pared, by reafon
of the nearnefs of St. Gregories Jlanding clofe to the Wall thereof. And
likewife,for fo much as concerns the Liberty by the faid Common Book
or Canon, for placing the Communion Table in any church or Chappel
with mofi conveniency, that liberty is not fo to be underfiood, as if it were
ever left to the differ etion of the Tariff, much leffs to the particular fancy
of any humorous perfon,butto the judgment of the Ordinary,**? whoff place
and Function it doth properly belong to give direftion in that point, both
for the thing itfelf, and for the time, when, and how long, as he tn ay find
caufe. Vpon which confideration his Majefiy declared himfflf that he
well approved and confirmed the Aft of the faid Ordinary , and alfo gave
commandment, that if thofe few Variffnoners before mentioned, do proceed
in their faid Appeal, then the Dean of the Arches (who was then attend-
ing at the hearing of the caufe) jhould confirm the faid Order of the aforeffaid
Dean and Chapter.
Of this laft Declaration there was no great notice took at firft, the
danger being remote, the cafe particular, and no neceflity impofed of
conforming to it. But the other was nofooner publifhed then it was
followed and purfued With fuch loud outcries as either the Tongues
or Pens of the Sabbatarians could raife againft it. Some fell direjft-
ly on the K.ing,and could find out no better names for this Declaration^ 1
I i than
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. xhtn a. Profane Edic?,a maintaining of his oven honour, and a Sacrilegious
AnnoVom. robbing of Cod. A Toleration for prophahing the Lords day. Affirming,
1635. That it was impojjiblethat a fpot of fb deep a dye fliould be emblanched,
l^V""^** though Jbmervhat might be urged to qualifie and alleviate the blame there-
of. Others, and thofe the greateft part, impute the Republilhing of
this Declaration to the new Archbifhop, and make it the firft remark-
able thing which was done prefently after he took poffeffion of his
Gracefiip, as Burton doth pretend to wit it in his Pulpit Libel. And
though thefe Books came not out in Print till fome years after, yet
was the clamour raifed on both at the very firft, encreafing every day
more and more as the reading of it in their Churches had been pref-
fed upon them. To ftop the current of thefe clamours, till fome bet-
ter courfe might be devifed, one who wiftit well both to the Parties
and the Caufe, fell on a fancy of Tranflatinginto the Engliffi Tongue
a Le&urt or Oration made by Doctor Prideaux at the Aft in Oxon,
Anno 1622. In which hefolidly difcourfed both of the Sabbath and
Sunday, according to the judgment of the ancient Fathers, and the
moft approved Writers of the Proteftant and Reformed Churches.
ThisLe&ure thus tranflated was ufheredalfo with a Preface: In which
there was proof offered inthefethree Propofitions, Firft .That the keep-
ing holy of one day of feven is not the moral part of the fourth Command-
ment. Secondly, That the alteration of the day is only an humane and
Eccleftafiical Confutation. Thirdly, That Bill the Church hath power to
change the day, and to transfer it to fome other. Which as they are the
general Tendries of the Protectant, Lutheran, and Calmnian Writers
beyond the Seas, fo were they briefly touched at and maintained in
the Do&ors Lecture 5 which came out thus tranflated in the next Can-
dlemas Term, under the Title of The Doffrine of the Sabbath, delivered
in the A& at Oxon. An. 1622. By D. Prideaux, his Mujejlics Prof 'jfor
for Divinity in thatVniverfity. The name of Prideaux was fo Sacred,
that the Book was greedily bought up by thofe of the Puritan Fa&ion,
prefuming they flhould find in it fome invincible Arguments to confirm
both the Party and the Caufe. But when they found how much they
had deceived them felves in that expectation, and that nothing could
be writ more fmartly againft them and their L or ds-day- Sabbath j as it
did very much cool their colours, and abate their clamours : fo did
it no lefs tend to the diminution of that high efteem and veneration
which before they had harboured of the man. What followed after-
wards, when the reading of the book was preffed, and the clamours
multiplyed by fuch as refufed to read it, future time (hall (hew.
Thefe paffages concerning England being laid together, we muft
look back into the North,' which ftilltook up a great part of his Maje-
fties thoughts. He had obferved how much his Fathers Pious Order
for officiating by the EngliJI) Liturgie in the Chappel Royal of that
Kingdom, had been difcontinued and negle&ed, imputing thereunto
the oppofition which he found amongft them at his late being there.
And being refolved to purfue his faid Fathers moft Religious pur-
pofe of fetling an uniformity of Divine Worfhipin all the Churches of
thefe Kingdoms, he thought it moft expedient to purfue the fame me-
thod
Lwd sArchbifhop of Canterbury. 2^7
thod alfo,tothe end that the people being prepared by little and Jit- LIB. fV.
tie might the more willingly admit of that, or fome other Liturgie Anno Don,
likeuato it, when he (hould think it reafonable to commend it to 1653.
them. vn order whereunto he fends to Ballentine, then Bilhop of ^-^V^*
Dumbb.ine, and Dean of theChappel of that Kingdom, thefe Inftru&i-
ons following, to beobferved in the Chappel Royal of Holy Rood in
the City of EdenburgL
CHARLES REX,
BibU fogia.
I. Our exprefi Will and Pleafure is, That the Dean of Our Chappel that fc&.i 1° n. 2.
novo is, and his Succejfors Jfjall be ajjijianfto the Right Reverend Father
in God the Archbifiop of St. Andrews at the Coronation,fo often as it J hall
happen.
I I. That the Book, of the Form of Our Coronation, lately ufed, be put in
a little Box, and laid into a Standard., and committedto the care of the
Dean of the Chappel fuccejjively.
1 1 T. That there be Prayers twice a day with the Choires as well in Our
ah fence as otherwife, according to the Englijf) Liturgie, till fome other courje
be taken for making one that may fit the Cujioms and Conftitutions of that
Church.
I V. That the Dean of the Chappel look, carefully, that all that receive
the blejfed Sacrament there, receive it kneeling^ and that there be a Com-
munion held in that Our Chappel the firji Sunday of every Month.
V. That the Dean of Our Chappel that now is, andfo fuccejjively, come
duly thither to Prayers upon Sundays, and fuch Holidays as the Church ob-
Jerves, in his Whites, and Preach fo whenfoever he Preach there 5 and that
he be not abfent thence but upon necejfary occafton of his DioceJfes,or other-
veije according to the courje of his preferment.
V I. That thefe Orders JhaU be Our Warrant to the Dean of Our Chappel,
that the Lords of Our Privy Council, the Lords of the Scroll, the Advo-
cate, Clerks, Writers to the Signet, and Members of Our Colledge ofjujiice,
be commanded to receive the holy Communion once every year at theleaft
in that Our Chappel Royal. and kneeling, for examph fake to the Kingdom 5
and we likewife command the Dean aforefaid, to make report yearly to
Ds how We are obeyed therein j and of whom, as alfb if any man Jfjall re-
fufe, in what manner he doth fo, and why.
VII. That the Copes which are covjecrated for the ufe of Our chappel
be delivered, to the Dean to be kept upon Inventory by him, and in a Stan-
dard provided for that purpofe, and tobeufed at the Celebration of the Sa-
crament in Our Chappel Royal. To thefe Orders we Jfjall hereafter adde
others, if we find others more necejfary for the Service of God there.
Together with thefe dire&ions bearing date the eighth of Otfober,
he fends a Letter of the fame Date, to thefaid Bilhop of Dumblaine%
requiring him to put them (peedily in execution, and all things to
be carefully performed by him as he was directed 5 commanding alio
that he (hould certifie the Lords of the Council there, if any perfon
who had been formerly appointed to communicate in the faid Chappel
li 2 Royal,
24.8 The Life of William
PART H. Royal, fhould either neglect or refufe conformity to his Majeftiqs
Amo'Dom. -pleafure,tothe end that the Council might take fuch further order in
i 6 5 3. it, as had been directed by his Majefty in fome former Letters. But
Ltt^/^J knowing, or at the leaft fufpedting, that Ballentine might have fome-
what more of the Presbyter than the Biftiopin him {as indeed he had)
he gave a Warrant under his hand to his Grace of Canterbury^ ccRe-
lbid.mm.4. "quiring him to hold correlpondency with the laid Biihop of Dumb-
Elaine, that the faid Biihop might from time to time receive his Ma-
C£ jetties directions for ordering of fuch things as concerned his Service
" in that Chappel. He had before a Vrimacy in the Church of England,
and a ftrong influence on the Government of the~thurch of Ireland.
This Warrant gives him (bme juft ground of a fuperintendency over
.the Kirk of scotkndalCo, which from henceforth was much directed by
his power and wifdom, as will appear by that which follows in its pro-
per place.
Mean while we will behold fuch alterations as by his power were
made in the Preferments of the Church of England? which in the be-
ginning of this year lamented the death of Biihop Godwin, made Bi-
ihop of Landaff in the year 1 6c 1 . from thence tranllated unto Hereford,
Anno 161 7. A man whofe memory (hall be precious in fucceeding
times for his indefatigable pains and travel in collecting the Catalogue
of Succeffion of all the Biihops of this Church fince the firft planting of
theGofpel amongftthe Saxons, not pretermitting fuch of the Brittifo
Church as by the care and diligence of preceding Writers, or any old
Monument and Record, had been kept in memory. For hisSuccef-
for in that See Jnxon, then Dean of Worcefier^ and Clerk of his Maje-
fties Clofet,as before was faid, is recommended and elected. But be-
fore the bufinefs had proceeded to confirmation there was a superjcdeas
to it by Lands preferment to the Metropolitan See of Canterbury j who
having a great confidence in him, and no lefs affection to his Perfon
than confidence of his Wifdom and Moderation, commended him fo
efficacioufly to his Majefties Favour, that he made him not only Biihop
of London, but Dean of the Chappel Royal alfo. It had been Lauds
great care, as he grew into credit with his Majefty, to give a ftop to
fuch corruptions as had been ufedtoo frequently in the Court, about
Church Preferments, which made him the left acceptable to many
which were near the King in Place and Service, who formerly had
been on the taking hand, and made a Market of the Church as they had
occafion. Goodman of Glocejier having (raid in that Diocefs long e-
nough to be as weary of them as they were of him, affected a remove
to the See of Hereford^, and had fo far prevailed with fome great Offi-
cer of State, that his Mony was taken, his Conge d' ejlire iflued out,
his Election pa fled. But the Archbiftiop coming opportunely to the
knowledge of it, and being afhamed of fomuch bafcneG. in the man,
who could pretend no other merit than his Mony, fo laboured thebu-
iinete with the King, and the King fo rattled up the Bifliop, that he
was glad to make his peace, not only with the Refignationof his Ele-
ction, but the Iofs of his Bribe. Atlaft, that Church a third time va-
cant, that is to fay, by the death of Godwin^ thepromotipnof Juxon
andtheRefignation of Goodman, was recommended to the Govern-
ment
Lord <±A rcbbijkop of Canterbury. 24.9
mQutotDx-AuguftincLindfel, not long before made Bifhop of Peter- i | '\. IV.
borough^ and now fucceeded in that See by Francis Dec, Dodtor in Anno Dom.
Divinity, and Dean of Chichejler. Now begins Wren to come in play, 16 % 2,«
Chaplain to his Majefty when Prince of Wales, and chofcn by King t^v^j
James to be one of the two which were to follow him into Spain a-
mongft the reft of his Retinue, as before was faid. He hadfeen Maw,
.who went Chaplain with him into Spain, to be preferred firft to the Ma-
fterfhip of Trinity Colledge, andafterwardsto the Bifhoprick o^Bath
and Wells, Anno i628.himfelf remaining in hisplace inPetcrhoufe as his
higheft dignity. In the year 1628. he was at the laft made Dean of
Windjor, andRegifter of the mod noble Order of the Garter, in the
place of Beaumont. And on that place he dwelt fo long, that his well-
willers gave it out, that Laud was afraid of his abilities, and would
not (urTer him to rife, for fear that he might rife too high both in pow-
er and favour , and overtop him in the Court. But thefc furmifes
proved as groundlefsasthey wereunjuft.* For this year he was made
Succeffbr unto Juxon as Clerk of the Clofet, a place of great nearnefs
to the King, and being once on the Afcendent he went up apace, fuc-
ceeding Lindfel in the See of Hereford, Anno 1654. and Corbet in the
Church of Norwich, Anno 1635. When Juxon was advanced to the
Treajiirers Staff, he was made Dean of the Chappel in hisplace, Anno
1636. Succeffbr unto White in the See of Ely, Anno 1638. andquefti-
onlefs had mounted higher had the times been favourable. Nor was
he lefs fortunate in his Succeflbrs, leaving the Deanry of Windfor to
Dr. Chrifiopher Wren his younger brother 5 his Clerkfhip of the Clofet
to Dr. Richard Steward, Dean of Chichejler 5 and the Mafterfhip of Pe-
ierhouje to John Cojcns of Durham. . <
We muft conclude this year, and begin the next with fome pro-
ceedings againft Prynne, the Preparations to whole cenfure we have
heard before. Candlemas Term brings him at laft unto his tryal in the
Court of star-Chamber, being firft pre-condemned by the Gentlemen
of his own Profeffion , and afterwards (entenced by that Court.
The Gentlemen of the four Societies prefented their Majefties with a
Pompous and Magnificent Mafque, to let them fee that Prynnes leaven
had not fowred them all, and that they were not poyfoned with the
fame infeftion. In which as they all joyned together to perform that
Service, fo gave they fuch contentment to his Sacred Majefty, that
he defired them to make a Reprefentation of it to the City of London :
Which they accordingly performed with no lefs honour tothemfelves,
and delight to the People , than (name and forrow unto him who
had given the occafion. But greater fhame and forrow fell upon
him when he came to his Cenfure. Richardfon , Chief Juftice of
his Majefties Bench^ highly extolled his Majefties mercy in bringing
him rather unto his trial in a Criminal than a Capital way 5 declaring
openly, that if he had been turned ovtxxo\i\sTribunal, he muft have
put himfelf upon a Jury, of whom no mercy could be hoped for fo
great an Offender. The Earl of Dorfet, being Lord Chamberlain
to the Queen, aggravated his offence in afperfing with fuch foul re-
proaches a Lady of fuch eminent Venue and exemplary Piety, that her
very
250 The Life of William
PART II. very dreams were more in Heaven than moft vvomens Prayers. The
Am Dom. Archbifhop having been bred in St. Johns Colledge mOxon. where the
i 633. younger Students ufed yearly to prefent fome (hew or other Dramatic!^
K^>ym^>J Exercife to the Univerfity, fpake much in commendation of Acade-
mical Enterhides, and the great benefit which redounded to the Actors
in them, by training them in an Art of fpeaking, a modeft confidence
of Behaviour, the ftrengthening of the Memory in the repeating of
their parts, and the enriching them with a frock of Latine Verfes, out
of one approved Author or other, which were their own for ever after.
In fine, they generally concurred in this Cenfure of him,a/*z,. cc To be
cc fined fivethoufand pound to the King 5 expelled the Univerfity of
" Oxon. and Lincolns-Intt 5 degraded and difabled from his Profeffion
Vifiovery of c; in the Laws to ftand in the Pillory, firftin the Palace-y ard in Wefi-
ibe Prelates cc tftinfier, and three days after in Cheapfide, and in each place tolofe
Tyranny, Cc an £aiV) ^though this laft part of* his Cenfure was much moderated
P* 1 1 $• cc jn t^e execution 3) to have his Book,called Hiflrio-MaJlix^xxbX\ck\y
cc burnt before his face by the hand of the Hangman, and remain pri-
" (oner during life.
1634. But all this wasfo far from working any remorfe in him, that it ra-
ther hardened him in his ways. For in June following, as foon as he
could provide himfelf of Pen, Ink and Paper, he writes a moftfharp
and Libellous Letter to the Lord Archbifhop, touching his Cenfure in
that Court, and that which the Archbifhop in particular had declared
againft him. W ith this Letter the Archbifhop acquaints his Ma jefty,
and his Majefty commands him to refer it to Atturney Noy. Noy fends
for Prynne^ and demands of him whether the Letter were of his own
hand-writing or not 5 to which Prynne cunningly repjyed, That he
could make no anfwer to that demand, unlefs he faw the Letter, and
might read the fame. Nofooner was the Letter put into his hands,
and Noys back turned a little toward him, but prefently he tore it all
to pieces, and flung the pieces out of the window, to the end it might
not rife in judgment againft him if the Atturney fhould proceed to an
Ore-tettus, as he meant to do. With this affront, and the principal paf-
fages of the Letter, the Atturney acquaints their Lordfhips in open
Court, but there was no remedy. For being, there was no proof of the
mifdemeanour but the Letter it felf, and that the Letter could not be
brought in evidence as it fhould have been, the Archbifhop thought
it a more noble Aftto remit the crime than to trouble the Court, or
any of his Majejiies Minifiers in the profecution. But herein Try fine
fped better than fome others who had before been fnarling at him, and
laboured to expofe him both to fcorn and danger. No fooner had he
mounted the Chair of Canterbury, bxitonzBoyery who not Jong before
had broke prifon, to which he had been committed for felony, moft
grofly abufed him to his face, accufing him of no lefs than High Treafon.
For which being brought into the Star-chamber, the next Michaelmas
Term he was there cenfured by their Lordfhips as the Crime deT
ferved. And prefently on the neck of this, one Gtoweapcor decayed
Printer, for whom his Grace then Bifhop of London had procured a
Penfionof five pound per Anmm> to be paid by the Company of sta-
tioners
Lord ^Arcbbifmp of Canterbury. 251
tioners yearly as long as he lived, adventured into the Court of St. LIB. IV.
James's with a great Sword by his fide, defperately fwearing, That if AnnoVom.
the King did not do him Juftice againft the Archbiflhop, he would I 6 3 4,
take another courfe with him. For this committed unto Newgate 5 but t^V^J
how long he ftaid there, and what other Punifhment he fuffered, or
whether he fuffered any other, or not, let them feek that lift.
And that the other Sex might whet their tongues upon him alfo, the
Lady Davies, the Widow of Sir John Davies Arturney-General for
King James Realm of Ireland, fcatters a Prophefie againft him.
This Lady had before fpoken fomething unluckily of the Duke of
Buckingham, importing, that he fhould not live till the end of Attguft,
which raifed her to the Reputation of a Cnnning Woman amongft the
ignorant people : and now (he Prophefiesof the new Archbifhop, That,
he fhould live but few days after the fifth of November 5 for which,and
other Prophefiesof a more mifchievous nature, (he was after brought
into the other Court of High-Commijjion 3 the Woman being grown
fo mad, that fhe phancied the Spirit of the Prophet Daniel to have
been infufed into her Body: And this fhe grounded on an Anagram
which fhe made of her Name, vix,. ELEANOR davies, RE-
VEAL 0 DANIEL: And though the Anagram had too m uch by
an I, and too little by an S h yet fhe found Daniel and Reveal in it,
and that feTved her turn. Much pains was taken by the Court to dif-
poffefsher of this Spirit 5 but all would not do, till Lamb then Dean
of the Arches {hot her through and through, with an Arrow borrowed
from her own Quiver 5 For whilft the Bifhop and Divines were rea-
foning the Point with her out of Holy Scripture, he took a Pen into
his hand, andatlaft hit upon this excellent Anagram, viz. DAME
ELEANOR DA VIES, NEVER SO MAD A LAD IE:
Which having proved to be true by the Rules of Art, Madam, faid
he, I fee yon build much on Anagrams, and I have found out one which I
hope will fit you? This faid, and reading it aloud, he put it into her
hands in Writing, which happy Phancy brought that grave Court in-
to fuch a laughter, and the poor Woman thereupon into fuch a con-
fufion, that afterwards fhe grew either wifer, or was lefs regarded.
This ended as fuccefsfully as he could defire r but he fped worfe with
another of his Female Adverfaries. The Lady Vurbeck^, Wife of
John Villers Vifcount Vurbech^, the elder Brother by the fame Venter
to the Duke of Tuchjngham, had been brought into the High Com /mjji-
on, Anno \ 61~J. for living openly in Adultery with Sir Robert Howard,
one of the younger Sons of Thomas the fir ft Earl of Suffolk^ of that Fa-
mily. Sentenced among other things to do Penance at St- P.*///'s Crofs,
fhe efcaped her Keepers, took San&uary in the savoy, and was from
thence conveyed away by the French Embaflador. The Duke being
dead, all further profecution againft her died alfb with him 5 which
notwithstanding, the proud woman being more terrified with the fear
of the Punifhment, than the fenfe of the Sin, vented her malice and
difpleafure againft the Archbifhop (who had been very fevere againft
her at the time of her Trial) when he wascome unto his Greatnefs^ Hifi.ofK.C.
fpending her tongue upon him in words fo full of deep difgrace and p* l41'
reproach
2,51 The Life o/William
PART II. reproach unto him, that he could do no Iefsthan caufeher to be laid
Anna Vom. in the Gatehoufe : But being not long after delivered thence by the
1 6 3 4. Practice of Htfzpm/ aforementioned, Howardwas feifed upon, and laid
L^V^J up in her place 5 which Puniftiment ("though it was the leaft that could
be looked for J he fo highly ftomach'd, that as foon as the Archbifliop
was impeach'd by the Houfe of Commons, and committed to Cufto-
dy by the Lords (which hapned on Friday, December 18. 1640.) he
petitioned for Relief againft the Archbifliop, and fome other of the
High Commijfioners by whom the Warrant had been figned. The
Lordsupon the reading of itimpofeda Fine of 500/. on the Archbi-
Ihop himfelf, and 250/. apiece upon Lamb and Ducl^, and prefied it
withfuch cruel rigour, that they forced him to fell his Plate to make
payment of it 5 the Fine being fet on Mnnday the 21. of December
and ordered to be paid on the Wednefday after.
Butthefe Particulars have carried me beyond my year: I return
therefore back again 5 and having ftiewed what Actings had been fet
on foot both in England and Scotland, muft now crofs over into Ireland,
where we find Wentworth made Lord Deputy in the place of Faulk?
land. We told you formerly of fome dearnefs which was growing
between him and Laud then Bilhop of London, at his firft Admiffion to
the place of a Privy-Counfellor. Toward the latter end of January,
Anno 1630. Wentvoorth being then Lord Prefident of the Council
eftabliihed for the Northern Parts, beftowed a Vifit on him at London-
Houfe, where they had fome private Conference touching the better
SetlemeLt of Affairs both in England and Ireland, of which Kingdom
Wentworth not long after was Created Lord Deputy. He ftaid fome-
what longer from his Charge than he would have done, to be prefent
at the Cenfureof Williams Bifhopof Lincoln, informed againft in the
Star-chamber by his Majefties Atturney-General, for fome dangerous
and dilgraceful words which he was reported to have fpoken of his
Majefties Government, and revealing fome Secrets which his Majefty
had formerly committed to his Truftas a Privy-Counfellor: But
Williams found fo many ftiifts to put off the Trial,that the Deputy was
fain to leave him in the fame eftate in which he found him, and hoifed
Sail for Ireland. Scarce was hefetled in his Power, but he began to
reform fome things which he beheld as blemifhes in the face of that
Church. In the Chappel of the Caftle of Dublin, the chief Seat of his
CanuVoom, Refidence, he found a fair large Pue at the end of the Choi re, erected
p. 82. for the ufe of his Predeceflbrs in that place^the Communion-Table in
the mean time being thruft out of doors. This Pue he commands to
be taken down,and the Holy Table to be reftored to its antient place,
where the Altar formerly had ftood. In Chrifl-church the Cathedral
of that City, to which the Lord Deputies repair on Sundays and Holy-
days for. Gods Publick Worfhip, hefoundthe Holy Table fituated in
the middle of the Choire or Chancel, and day by day profaned by
Boys and Girles, who fate upon it: This Table he caufedtobe re-
moved alfo, ashedid theother. And whereas the Earl of Cork^ had
built a ftately Monument for his Wife and fome of her Anceftors, but
chiefly for himfelf and his own Pofterity, at the E aft end of the
Choire
Lord ajrcbbijbopof Canterbury.
Choir in St. Patricks Church, being the fecond of that City, the Lord LIB. IV.
Deputy required him to take it down, or otherwife to fatisfie the Anna Vom<
Archbifhop of Canterbury in the (landing of it. I 6 3 4.
Of all thefe things he gave Order to his Chaplain Bramhall to give *-<?""V"~'^
the Archbifhop an Account, which Bramha.ll did accordingly in his
Letters of the tenth of Auguft 1633. In which Letters he gave this te-
ftimonyalfoof the Deputies Care, That it was not pojjible for the la-
ter?tions- of a mortal Man, to be more ferious and (incere in thofe things that
concerned the good of the Irifh Church than his Lordffrips were. And that
he might lay a fure foundation to proceed upon , he procured the
Univerlity of Dublin to make choice of Laud, then being Lord Elect
of Canterbury, for their Lord and Chancellor. Tothisthey chearfully
affented, pafled the Election on the fourteenth of September, Anno
1633. being but fix days before his actual Confirmation into the Me-
tropolitical and Supream Dignity of the Church of England. Nor
was it long before they found on what a gracious Benefactor they
had placed that Honour : He had been told by Ryves? his Majefties
Advocate (who formerly had exercifed that Office in the Realm of
Ireland) of the deplorable condition of that Church in the refpect of
Maintenance. Moft of the Tythes had been appropriated to Mona-^ ,
fteries and Religious Houfes , afterwards vefted in the Crown, or
fold to private Subjects, and made Lay-Fees The Vicarages for
the moft part Stipendary , and their Stipends fo miferable fordid,
that in the whole Province of Connaught moft of the Vicars Penfions
came but to 40 x. per Annum, and in many places but 16. The Bi-
Ihopricks at thattime were many in number, but of fmall Revenue,
having been much dilapidated in the change of Religion, fome of
them utterly unable to maintain a Bifhop, and no good Benefice
near them to be held in Commendam. This had been certified Cant. Doom,
unto him by Letters from the Lord Primate about three years fince ; p. 104.
and it had been certified alfo by Beadle Bifhop of Killmore, That the
Churches were in great decay, and that fome men of better quality
than the reft: were poflefled of three, four, five, or more of thofe
Vicarages, to the great diflervice of the Church , and reproach to
themfelves.
Thefe things he could notchoofe but look on as great difcourage-
ments to Learning, and fuch as could produce no other effects than •
Ignorance in the Prieft, and Barbarifm in the People. Scandalous
Benefices make for the moft part fcandalous Minifters, as naked Walls
are faid in the Englijh Proverb to make giddy Houfwifes. Where
there is neither Means nor Maintenance for a Learned Miniftry, what
a grofs night of Ignorance muft befall thofe men who were to hold
forth the Light to others > And if the light it felf be Darknefs, how re) Ad tern*
great a Darknefs muft it be, which doth follow after it? That Ob- itatem bene-
fervation of (e~) P anormitan, That poor churches will be filled with none ficiorum m-
hut ignorant Priefts, being as true as old, and as old as lamentable, cejfariofe-
For remedy whereof, he took an opportunity tomove his Majefty to (lliitu.r l&no~
reftore all fuch Impropriations to the Church of Ireland, as were r**J££a'
then vefted in the Crown. The Exchequer was at that time empty, panorT*
Kk the
2 54 The Life of William
PART II. the Revenue low, which might feem to make the ^ropofition the more
Anw Vom. unfeafonable : But Co great was his Majefties Piety on the one fide,
1634. the Reafons Co forcible on the other, and the Lord Deputy of that
^^V^J Kingdom Co cordially affected to advance the Work, that his Majefty
gracioufly condefcended to it, and found his Minifters there as ready
.to (peed the bufinefs, as either of them could defire. Encouraged
by which Royal Example, the Earl of Cork^, who from a very fmall
beginning had raifed himfelf to a vaft Revenue in that Kingdom,
Re-built fome Churches, and Repaired others 5 reftored fomeof his
Impropriations to thofe feveral Churches 5 and doubtlefs had proceed-
ed further, if a difference had not hapned betwixt the Lord Deputy
and him, about the removing of the Mounment which he had erected
for himfelf and his Pofterity, in one of the principal Churches of the
City of Dublin, as before was faid. And as for the improvingof the
Bifhopricks, as Ojfory and Kilkenny , Killmore and Ardagh, Down and
Connor, andpoffibly fome others had before this been joy ned together,
fowasit advifedby the Primate, That Kilfenore {hould be joyned un-
to that of Killalow, lying contiguous to each other ; Both which being
joyned by a perpetual union, were thought fufficient to make an in-
different Competency for an Iriflj Bifliop.
But all this Care had been to little or no purpofe, if fome courfe
were not alfo taken to preferve Religion, endangered on this fide by
popery, and on that by Calvini/mj each fide unwillingly contributing
to the growth of the other. The perverfe oppofitions of the Calvi-
nifi, made the Papift obftinate , and the infolencies of the papifis, did
both vex and confirm the Calvinifis. Betwixt them both, the Church
of England was fo loft, that there was little of her genuine and native
Doctrine to be found in the Clergy of that Kingdom- The papifis be-
ing firft fuppreffed, it was conceived to be no hard matter to reduce
the Calvinians to Conformity 5 and to iupprefs the Papifis, it was found
expedient. That the ftanding Army (hould be kept in continual Pay,
and that Monies ijiould be levied on the Papifis themfel ves for the pay-
ment of it : In order whereunto, the Bifhop oCKillmore before-menti-
oned, had given an account unto his Grace then Bifhop of London,
touching the dangerous condition of that Church by the growth of Po-
pery 5 and now he finds it neceffary to give the like Account unto the
new Lord Deputy. Him therefore he informs by Letters dated No-
vember 5. 1633. ("which was not long aferhe had perfonally alTumed
the Government , and received the Sword } to this effects viz.
<c That in that Crown the Pope had a far greater Kingdom than his Ma-
ec jefty had 5 That the faid Kingdom of the Pope was governed by the
cc new Congregation de propaganda Fide, eftablilhed not long firice at
" Rome 5 That the Pope had there a Clergy depending on him, double
<c in number to the Englifh, the Heads of which were bound by a corpo-
C£ral Oath to maintain his Power and Greatnefs againft all Perfons
cc whatfoever , That for the moulding of the People to the Popes O-
"bedience, there was a great rabble of Irregular Regulars, moft
" of them the younger Sons of Noble Houfos, which made them the
"more infolent and uncontrollable 3 That the Pope had erected an
" Univerfity
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury.
"Univerfity in Dublin, to confront his Majefties Colledge there, and L I B. IV".
"breed up the Youth of the Kingdom to his Devotion, one Harris be- Anno Bom.
ccing Dean thereof, who had difperfcd a Scandalous Pamphlet againft i 6 34.
ccthe Lord Tributes Sermon preach'd at Wanfleed (one of the bed: C^"V^J
^Pieces that ever came from him) Anno 1629. That fince the Diffolv-
ccingof their new Frieries in the City of Dublin, they had erected
" them in the Country, and had brought the People to fuch a fottifh
<c negligence, that they cared not to learn the Commandments as
"God (pake and left them 3 but flocked in Multitudes to the hearing
"of iuch Supcrftitious Doctrines as fome of their own Priefts were a-
<c (harried of ? That a Synodical Meeting of their Clergy had been held
" lately at Drogheda in the Province of Vljier, in which it was decreed,
"That it was not lawful to take the Oath of Allegiance 5 And therefore,
"That in fuch a conjuncture of Affairs to think that the bridle of the
" Army might be taken away, muft be the thought not of a Brain-lick,
" but of a Brainlelsman: which whofoever did endeavour, not only
" would oppofe his Majefties Service, but expofe his own neck to the
" Skeanes of thofe Irifh cut-throats. All which he humbly refers to his
LordlTiips feafonable Care and Confederation. Upon this Information,
the Deputy obtains his Majefties leave to hold a Parliament in that
Kingdom , which he managed with fuch notable dexterity , that he
madehimfelf Mafter of a Power fufficient to fupprefs the Infolencies
of the Fapijis, and yet exceedingly prevailed upon their Affections.
From which time forwards the Fopifl) Rectifants in that Kingdom were
kept in ftrifter duty, and held clofer to loyal Obedience, for fear of
irritating fofevere a Magiftrate, than ever they had been by any of his
Predeceflbrs.
This Parliament brought with it a Convocation, as a thing of courted
and in that fomewhat muft be done to check the fpreading of Calvinifrt
in all parts of that Church. The Articles of Religion agreed upon in
Convocation Anno 161 5. were Co contrived by Vfljer the now Lord
Trimate, "That all the Sabbatarian and Calvinian Rigours were de-
clared therein to be the Doctrines of that Churchy Moft grievous
" Torments immediately in his Soul affirmed to be endured by Chrift,
" which Calvin makes to be the fame with his defcent into Hells The
" abftinencies from eating Flefti upon certain days, declared not to be
", Religious Fafts: but to be grounded only upon Politick Ends and
"Confederations} All Minifters adjudged to be Lawfully called,
" who are called unto the Work of the Miniftry by thofe that have
" Publick Authority given them in the Church (but whether they
"beBifhopsor not, it makes no matter, fo that he be Authorized unto
" it by their feveral Churches) : The Sacerdotal Power of Abfolution
" made declarative only , and confequently quite fubverted 3 No
" Power afcribed unto the Church in Ordaining Canons, or cenfu-
"ring any of thofe who either careleily or malicioufly do infringe
" the fame 5 the Tope made Antichrijl, according to the like Determi-
« nation of the French Hugonots made at Gappe in Dolphine : And finally,
"fuch a filence concerning the Confecration of Archbifhops and Bi-
" (hops (exprefly juftifyed and avowed in the Englifj Book) as if there
JC.V 2 "were
The Life of W ill.iam
PART IF. cc were not a different Order from the Common Presbyters. All which
Anno Vom. being Vfier's own Opinions, were difperfed in feveral places of thefe
1634. Articles for the Church of Ireland, approved of in that Convocation,
VurfT-V^J and finally confirmed by the Lord Deputy chichejier in the Name of
King James. By means whereof thefe two great mifchiefs did enfue 5
Firft, A great matter of di vifion which it caufed to the Triejis and Ta-
piftsof the Realm, that in three Kingdoms, under the Obedience of
one Sovereign .Prince, there fhould be three diftinft and contrary
Profeflions,and yet pretending every one to the fame Religion. And fe-
condly, Whenfoever the Points were agitated herein England againfi:
the Sabbatarian and Calvin 7 an Rigours,the Difputants'wefe forthwith
choakedby the Authority of thefe Articles, and the infallible Judg-
ment of King James, who confirmed the lame. If therefore the A rch-
bifhop meant to have Peace in England, the Church of Ireland muff
be won to de'fert thofe Articles,and receive ours in England in the place
thereof.
This to effeft, it was not thought expedient by fuch as had the ma-
naging of that defign, topropofeany abrogation or repealing of the
former Articles, which had fo many Friends and Patrons in that Con-
vocation, that it was moved feverally both in the Houfe of the Bi-
fhops, and in that of the Clergy, to have them ratified and confirmed
in the prefent meeting. And queftionlefs it had been carried in that
way, if it had not feafonably been diverted by telling the Promoters
of it. That thofe Articles had already received as much Authority as
that Church could give them, and that by feeking to procure any fuch
Confirmation, they would weaken the Original Power by which they
ftood. This blow being thus handfomly broken, their next work
wastomovethe Trimate, That for the avoiding of fuch fcandal which
was given the Papists, and to declare the Unity in Judgment and
Affections between the Churches, a Canon might be pafled in appro-
bation of the Articles of the Church of England. To this the Prelate
being gained, the Canon was drawn up and prefented to him 5 and be-
ing by him propounded, was accordingly pafled, one only man dif-
fering when it came to the Vote, who had pierced deeper into the
bottom of the Projedr than the others did. It was defired alio by
Bramhall, not long before the Lord Deputies Chaplain, but then Bi-
fhop of Derrie, That the whole Body of Canons made in the year 1605.
might be admitted in that Church : But the Trimate was ever fo a-
fraid of bowing at the Name of J E S V s, and fome other Reveren-
ces required in them, which he neither pracYifed nor approved, that he
would by no means hearken to it, which bred fome heats between him
and Bramhall, ending at laft in this Temperament, That fomefelect
Canons fhould be taken out of that Book, and intermingled with fome
others of their own compofing. But for the Canon which approved
and received the Articles of the Church of England, it was this that
follovveth, viz,.
1^6
of
LordzArchbijhop of Canterbury. 257
l r b. rv.
Of the Agreement of the Church of England and Ireland in AnmVem.
the Profeffton of the fame Chriftian Faith. ljL\A'-
FOr the manifejiation of Our Agreement with the Church of England,
in the Confejfion of the fume Chriftian Faith, and Do&rine of the Sa-
craments, We do receive and approve the Booh^ of Articles of Religion,
agreed upon by the Archbifwps and BiJfjops,andthe ivhole Clergie, in whole
Convocation holden at London, Anno Dom. 1562. for the avoiding of
diversities of Opinions, and for the ejlablifoing of Confent touching true
Religion. And therefore if any hereafter fhall affirm. That any of thoje
Articles are in any part Superjiitious and Erroneous, or fuchas he may not
with a good Conference Subfcribe untr, let him be Excommunicated, and
not Abfolved before he make a public^ Revocation of his Error.
Such was the Canon paffed in this Convocation, for the approbation
and reception of the Articles of the Church of England: Which Canon.
wasnofooner pafled,conrirmed, and published, but the Primate and
his Party faw the danger which they had caft themfelves into by their
inadvertency; and found too late. That by receiving and approving
the Englif) Articles, they had abrogated and repealed thtlrifi. To
fal ve this fore, it concerned them to beftir themfelves with thei r utmoft
diligence, and fo accordingly they did. For firft the Vrimatez and
fomeBiuhops of his opinions, required fubfeription to the Articles of
both Churches'of'all fuch as came to be ordained at the next Crdmation.
But it went no further than the next, for if the Papiftsmadeit a mat-
ter of Derifion to have three Confeftions in the three Churches of Jj-j^Loid
his Majefties Kingdoms How much more matter mull it give them prj^ate
of fcorn and laughter, that there fhould be two different ConfeSons^ l2Jm '
in the fame Church, and both fubferibed unto, but as one and the
fame ?
The Primate next applies himfelf to the Lord Deputy, befeechihg Judg. L.Pri„
himthatthe former Articles might receive a new Ratification by AdtMid. 112.
of Parliament for preventing all innovations in the Religion there
eftablifbed: But he found but little comfort there, the Lord Deputy
threatning tocaufe the faid Conreffionto be burnt by the hand of the
hangman 5 if at the lead: the Scots Commiffioners may be believed j
amongft whofe Articles againft him T find this for one. Finding no
better hopes on that fide of the Sea. he difpatcheth his Letters of Ad-
vice to his Friends in England, one to an Honourable Perfon amongft
the reft, alluring them that though by a Canon pafied in that Convo-
cation they had received and approved the Articles of England ^ yet
that the Articles of Irelandweie ever called in,might well be reckoned
for a fancy. The like affirmed in a Certificate made by Bernard, and
Tullen, two Members of the Lower Houfe in thisConvocation,where n[ rf).^ •
it is faid, That whofoever do aver that the faid Articles were abolifoed, '
aregrofly mijiaken and have abujedthe faid Convocation in delivering fo
manifijl an untruth. And to back this, another Certificate muft be
gaiacd
258
The Life of William
(d) Vicendo
autem no-
vum, vete-
ravitprius,
&c.
Heb. 8.13.
P ART II. gained from one who comes commended to us under the Title of a
Anno ~Dom- moft eminent, judicious, and learned perfon, whohavingconfidered of
1634. the matter, Conceives that both Confejfions were condfient 5 and that the
K^^^^J aB of the Synod was not a Revocation of the Irijh Articles, but an appro-
Judg. of L. yatjon 0f f fo Englifi, as agreeing with them.
n.p.i2*< But all this would not ferve the turn, or fa ve thofe Articles from
being brought under aRepealby the prefent Canon. For firft, it appea-
rethby the Canon, That they did not only approve, but receive the Arti-
cles of the Church of England. Their approbation of them,had they gone
no further, had been a lufficient manifeftation of their agreement with
the Church of England in the Confeffion of the fame Proteftant Re-
ligion : But their receiving of the fame doth intimate a fuperindu-
cing of them upon the other, and is equivalent both in Fact and Law
to the Repealing of the old. For otherwife St. Paul mud needs be out
in the Rulesof Logich^ when he proved the Abrogating of the old Co-
venant by the fuperinduftion of a new 5 For having affirmed, that
God by fpeakingof a New Covenant, had (d) antiquated and made
void the firft, (or made the firft old, as our Englifb read it 5} he adds
immediately. That that which is old, decayeth, and is ready to vanijh a-
way 5 that is to fay, nsDiodati defcants on it, The old being difanul-
led by the new, there muft neceflarily follow the abolifhment of
its ufe and practice. Nor find they any other abrogation of thejewifj
Sabbath then by the fuperinducing of the Lords day for the day ofwor-
fhip. By means whereof the Sabbath was leffened in authority and
reputation by little and little, and in fhort time was abfolutely laid
afide in the Church of Chrift} the fourth Commandment, by which
it was at firft ordained, being ftill in force. So then according to
thefe grounds the Articles of Ireland were virtually, though not for-
mally , abrogated 5 or elfe it muft be granted, that there were two
Confeffions in the fame one Church, different both in form and matter,
and contrary in fome points unto one another, which would have been
fo far from creating an uniformity between the Churches in the con-
cernments of Religion, that it would haveraifed a greater difagree-
ment within Ireland it felf than was before between the Churches
of both Kingdoms. And certainly the gaining of this point did much
advantage the Archbifhop, conducing vifiblyto the promotion of his
ends and Counfels in making the Irifh Clergy fubjedt to the two De-
clarations, and accountable for their breaking and neglect thereof,
that is to fay, his Majefties Declaration about Lawful Sports, and
that prefixt before the book of Articles for appealing Controversies.
Take for a farewelthis acknowledgment of a late Hiftoriart, fpeuking
as well the fenfe of others as his own, A Convocation (concurrent
with a Parliament J was called (faith he) and kspt at Dublin in Ireland,
wherein the thirty nine Articles of the Church ^/England were received
in Ireland, for all to jubfcribc unto- It was adjudged ft, feeing that
Kingdom complies with England in the Civil Government, it ftjculd alfb
conform thereunto in matters of Religion. And thereupon he thus con-
cludes, That in the mean time the Irifh Articles concluded formerly in a
Synod, .1616. (mi fallen for 161 5.) wherein Arminianifm was con-
demned
Cb> Hijh B.
1 1. p. 128.
LordzArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
demned in terminis terminantibus, and the obfervation of the Lords day LIB. IV.
refolved Jure divino ) were utterly excluded. ^nno Vom.
But leaving Ireland to the care of the Lord Deputy, and the Bifhop 1634.
of Derry, who under him had the chief managing of the affairs of that L^-v*^*
Church 5 let us fee how the new Archbifhop proceeds in England,
where he had fo many plows going at once, too many, as it after pro-
ved, to work well together. For not thinking he had done enough
in order to the peace and uniformity of the Church of England, by
taking care for it here at home, his thoughts tranfported him with the
like affe&ion topreferveit from neglcft abroad. To which end he
had offered fome confederations to the Lords of the Council, as be-
fore was faid. Anno 1622. relating to the regulation of Gods publick
Worfhip amongft the EngliJI) Factories, and Regiments beyond the
Seas, and the reducing of the French and Dutch Churches, fetled in
divers parts of this Realm, unto fome conformity. In reference to
the firft, he had not fate long in the Chair of Canterbury when he pro-
cured an Order from the Lords of the Council, bearing date Otfob. 1.
1633. By which their EngliJI) Churches and Regiments in Holland
(and afterwards by degrees in all other Foreign parts ai d plantations)
were required ftri&ly to obferve the EngliJI) Liturgie with all the
Rites and Ceremonies prefcribed in it. Which Order contained the
fum and fubftance of thofe confiderations which he had offered to the
Board touching that particular. With which the Merchant Adventu-
rers being made acquainted, with joynt confent they made choice of
one Beaumont ("reputed for a learned, fober, and conformable man J to
be Preacher to their Fa&ory redding at Delf, Forbes, a Scot by birth,
who formerly had been Preacher to the Society, being either dead,
or otherwife departed to avoid conformity. And that this man might
be received with the better welcom. a Letter is fent with him to the
Deputy Governour, fubferibed by the Archbifhop himfelf, in which
he fignifieth both tohimand the rd: in his Majeftiesname, That they Cant.Voom,
were to receive him with all decent and courteous ufage fitting his perfon p. 407.
and calling, allowing him the vitient Pen (ion which formerly had been
paid to his Predeceffors. Which [aid in reference to the man, he lets them
know that it was his Majefiies cxprejs command, that both he, the De-
puty, and all and every other Merchant, that is or foall be reading in thofe
parts beyond the Seas, do conform themfelves to the Dotlrine and Dif~
cipline fetled in the Church of England : and that they frequent the
Common-Prayer with all Religious duty and reverence at all times re-
quired, as well as they do Sermons % and that out of their company they
fliould yearly about Eafter, a* the Canons prefcribe, name two church-
Wardens,andtwo Sides-men which may look, to the Orders of the church,
and give an account according to their office. It was alfo required that
thefe prefent Letters ffwuldbe regijired and kept by them, that they which
come after might take notice what care his Majefly had taken for the well
ordering of the faid Company in Church affairs and that a Copy of the
fame fhouldbe delivered to the faid Beaumont, and to every Sue ceffor of
his refpe&ively, that he and they might know what his Majefly expetled
of them, and be the more inexcufable if they difobey it. With this Dif-
patch_3
i6o
PART II. patch, bearing date the feventeenth of June, this prefent year 1634.
Anno Vom. away goes Beaumont into Holland, taking with him thefe Inftrudtions
1634. for his own proceedings 5 that is to fay, That he foouldpunilually keep
V^V^s>-) and obfervc all the Orders of the church 0/ England , as they are pre-
fcribed in the Canons and the Rubricks of the Liturgy 5 and that if
any perfon of that Company flmll JJiew himfelf refraUory to that Ordi-
nance of his Majejly, he Jhould certifie the name of any fuch offender, and
his offence to the Lord Bifjop of 'London for the time beings who was to
take order and give remedy accordingly. Which Order and Inftrudti-
ons given to Beaumont in private, were incorporated alfo in the Let-
ter, left otherwife he might be thought to act any thing in it with-
out good Authority. And he accordingly proceeded with fuch
honeft zeal, and was fo punctual in obferving his Majefties pleafure
and commands, that for a reward of his goodfervice he was preferred
unto a Prebends place in the Church of Canterbury, though by the un-
happy change of times, it brought more reputation than advantage
with it.
And now atlaftwe have the face of an Englifl) Church in Holland,
refponfal to the Bifhops of London for the time being, as a part of their
Diocefs, directly and immediately fubjeft to their Jurifdiction. The
like courfe alfo was prefcribed for our Factories in Hamborough, and
thofe further off, that is to fay, in Turkey, in the Moguls Dominions,
the Lndian Iflands, the Plantations in Virginia, the Barbadoes0 and all
other places where the Englifh had any ftanding Residence in the way
of Trade. The like done al b for regulating the Divine Service in
the Families of all EmbalTadr rs, refidingin the Courts of Foreign
Princes for his Majefties S as alfo in the Englifh Regiments,
ferving under the States. 1 . uperinfpection of which laft was re-
ferred to Bofrvel his Majefties Refident at the Hague^ and his Succef-
fors in that places as he and all the reft of the Embaffadors, in what
place foever, were to be ordered by the care of the Lords of the
Council '■) and they to be accountable therein to his Sacred Majefty,
as the Supream Ordinary. The Englifh Agents and EmbafTadours in
the Courts of Foreign Princes had not been formerly fo regardful of
the honour of the Church of England, as they might have been, inde-
ligninga fetRoom for religious ufes, and keeping up the Veftments,
Rites and Ceremonies, prefcribed by Law in performance of them.
It was now hoped that there would be a Church of England in all
Courts of Chrifiendom, in the chief Cities of the Turk^, and other great
Mahometan Princes, in all our Factories and Plantations in every
known Purt of the world, by which it might be rendredasdiffufedand
Catholic!^ as the Church of Rome?
In reference to the regulating of the French and Dutch Churches
here amongft our fel ves, he conceived himfelf in a capacity of putting
his own Counfels in execution, either as Bifhop of the Diocefs, or
Archbifhop of the Province'of Canterbury. He had confidcred of the
dangers which thofe Foreign Churches drew on this, by ftanding divi-
ded &. difmembred from the reft of the body 5 and of the countenance
and encouragement which was given to the Puritan Faction in the pro-
moting
Lord <lA rcbbijhop of Canterbury. 2 6 1
motingof Schifm. There was noTraverJe to be made to t\i\s Dilemwa, LIB. IV.
but either they were or were not of the fame Religion with the Anno ~Dom.
Church of England. If they were not of the fame Religion., why (hould 1634.
they, being ftrangers, born in other Countries, or defending from i-^v^J
them., expedt more Liberty of Confciehce than the Papijis had, . be-
ing all Natives, and defcending from Eriglifh Parents? If of the fame,
why (hould they not fubmit to the Government and Forms of Wor-
ftiip, being the outward afrs and exercifes of the Religion here by
Law eftablifhed ? It was now as when they firft fled into this Land from
the Fire and Faggot 5 from which their own Countries having felt no
Pe'rfecution for forty or fifty years laft paft, were at this time freed:
And therefore if they did not like the Terms of their (laying here,
they might return from whence they came, in peace and fafety, with
thanks to God and the good Englijh Nation, for the long and com-
fortable Entertainment they had found amongft them. Upon thefe
grounds, and fuch Confederations as had before been offered to the
Lords of the Council, before he had fate a whole year in the Chair of
Canterbury, he caufed thefe three Articles to be tendred to the French
Congregation in that City, and the two Dutch Congregations in sand-
wich and Maidfione, Apr. 1 4. 1 6 3 4. 1 .What Liturgie do you life $ ot whe-
ther you have not the Dutch or French in ufe ? 2 . Of how many Difcents
for the moji fart they were born Subjects ? 3. Whether fuch as are born
Subjefts, will conform to the Church <?/EngIand .<? For Anfwerto the
Articles ("after fome fruitlefs Pleas touching their Exemptions J they
obtained time till the fifth of Mayi againft which time, with the con-
fentof their feveral Churches, they prepared thefe feveral Anfwers.
Tothefirftit was anfwered. That they had that Liturgie which all the
Churches of the French Tongue (both in France, and in Me United Pro-
vinces*?/ the States) have had fmce the blejfed Reformation, and which
their Churches (refuged here) have had this (ixty or feventy years, or
more : That the Englilh Liturgy was tr an fated into French, but that they
ufed it not'-i and that they knew not whether it were Tranflated in Dutch
or not. To the fccond it was anfwered, That the greateji part of the
Heads of the Families were not born here, but about a third part '■, becauje
that the greateji part of the old ones were Strangers born, and many others
are newly come fmce a few years. But to the third they defired to be
excufed from, making any Anfwer at all, forefeeing (as it was pretend-
ed) a diffipation of their Churches, in reference to the maintenance
of their Miniftry and relief of their Poor, if (uch Conformity (hould
be prefled, which they endeavoured to avoid by all means imaginable.
But before thefe Anfwers were returned, it was thought fit to con-
fultwith the Ccetus (as they ftyle it) of the French and Dutch Churches
in London, who were concerned as much as they, and who by reafon
of their wealth and number governed all the reft 5 by whom they were
advifed to fupprefs thofe Anfwers, and to prefent their Declinator, fix-
ing themfelves upon their Priviledges, and challenging the Exempti-
on granted them by King Edward vi. confirmed by feveral Atts of
Council in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth^ King James, and his Sacred
Majefty. s
L I This
262
The Life of W^liam
PA&T II* This Declinator no way fatisfiedhis Grace of Canterbury. He knew,
Anno Dom. none better, That Acts of Council were not like the Laws of the Medes
1614. and Tertians, but might be changed and varied as occafton ferved 5
K^W^^Ki That the Letters Patents granted by King Edward vi. to the firfr Con-
gregation of Strangers under John A Lafco (by which they were Li-
cenced to ufe their own Forms both of Worfhip and Government,
without any difturbancej were vacated by the departure of the faid
Congregation in the time of Queen Alary-) and that the French and
Dutch Churches now in £#g/<*»d,could pretend no fucceffion unto that
in the time of King Edward vi. And therefore as foon as Brent return-
ed from his Visitation f of which we (hall hear more anon) and had a
while repofed himfelf after that long Journey, he was difpatchedto
Canterbury with thefe Injunctions, viz. I. That all the Natives of the
Dutch and Walloon Congregations in his Graces Diocefs, are to repair to
their feveral Parijh Churches where they inhabit, tJ hear Divine Service
and Sermons, and per form all Duties and Payments required in that behalf:
And 2. That all the Minijiers, and all other of the fime Walloon or
French Congregations, which are Aliens bom, flj all have and ufe the Li-
turgie ufed in the Englilh Churches, as the fame is or may be faithfully
Tranflatedinto French or Dutch. Thefe two Injunctions being given
on the nineteenth of December, with time for conforming thereunto
till the firft of March, were prefently communicated by the Kentifl) to
the London Churches,and by thofe of London to the reft in the Province
of Canterbury, requiring them to lend their Deputies toconfult toge-
ther with them in this Common Danger. There were at that time ten
Churches of Strangers in this Province that is to fay, two in London,
two in Norwich, and one apiece in Canterbury, Sandwich, Mridjione, Sou-
thampton,Colchefler,and Tarmouth,who were to fend their fufficient De-
puties, confiding of Minifters and Lay-Elders, to make this Synod. But
becaufe the time might be elapfed before thefe Deputies from fo many
Places could meet together, and refol ve upon any Gonclufion 5 it was
determined by the Ccetus, that thofe of Kent, whom it mod immediately
concerned, fhould addrels themfelves to the Archbilhop, and defire
his favour for the enjoying of their Priviledges, as in former times 5
whofe Proportions being heard, and their Reafons pondered, he an-
fwered, That it was his purpofe to make a General Vifttation of all his Pro-
vince, and that he would begin at home j That he did nothing but what had
been communicated to the King, and refblved by the Council 5 That neither
the Letters Patents of King Edward vi. nor any Reafons by them alledg*
ed, fldould hinder him from proceeding in the faid Injunctions} That
their Churches were nefis and occasions of Schifm , which he would
prevent in Kent as well at he could'*. That it were better there were no
Foreign Churches nor Strangers in England, than to have them thereby to
give occafion of prejudice or danger to the Church-Government of it 5
That they endeavoured to mal{e themfelves a State in a state, and had
vaunted, That they feared not his Injunctions } but, That he hoped the
King would maintain him in it, as long as he Governed by the Canons 5
That the dijjipation of their Churches, and maintenance of two or three
Miniflcrs, was not to be laid in the fame Balance with the Peace and
Happincfs
LordiArcbbijhop of Canterbury. 263
Happinefs of the Church of England 5 that their ignorance in the Englifh LIB. IV.
Tongue, ought riot to be ufedfora pretence for their not going to their? a- Anno Voriu
rijl) Churches, considering that it teas an affected Ignorance, and they might 1634.
avoid it when they mould: And finally , That he was rcfolvtdto have his V-^V^M
Injunctions put in execution, and that they Jhould conform to them at their
peril by the time appointed.
Finding no hope of Good this way, they expect the Sitting of the
Synod on the fifth of Februarys to which theDeputies made a Report
of their ill Succefles 3 and thereupon it was refolved. That a Petition
in the name of all the Foreign Churches, fhould be prefented unto the
Kings which way they found as unfuccelsful as the other was: For
his Majefty having read the Petition, delivered it to the Earl of Pern'
broke, commanding him to give it to one of the Secretaries. And
though Pembroke-, either out of love to the Caufe, or hate to the
Archbifhops Perfon, chofe rather to deliver it to Cooke than Winde-
hank} yet neither Cooke himfelf, nor Weckerly his chief Clerk fa Wal-
loon by birth) who had very much efpoufed the Quarrel, could do
any thing in it. The next courfe was to back that Petition with a
Remonftrance, containing the chief Reafons which they had to urge
in their own beha^' 5 and that Remonftrance to be put into his Majefties
hands by the Duke of Soubize, a Prince of great Defcent in France,
and a chief ftickler in the Wars of the Hugonots againft their King:
In which Reafons. when they came to be examined more particularly,
there w s nothing found material, but what had formerly been ob-
ferved and anfwered ; except it were the fear of a Perfecution to be
raifed in France, vhen itlhould there be known, how much the French
Churches in this Kingdom had been difcountenanced and diftreiled.
And this they after aggravated by fome frefh Intelligence which they
had from thence, by which they were advertifed of fome words of
the great Cardinal Richelieu, to this effect, viz. That if a King ^/Eng-
land , who was a Proteftant, would not permit two Difciplines in his
Kingdom, why Jhould a King of France, a Papift, permit two Religions £
Great workings had been in the Court upon this occafion } though all
which was effe^ed by it, was but the prefent qualification of the fe-
cond Injunction'-) His Majefty on good Reafon of state infifting fo
ftrongly on the firft, that it could not be altered. But as for the
fecond Injunction, it was qualified thus, viz. that the Minifters, and >
all others of the French and Dutch Congregations, which are not Na-
tives, and Lorn Subjects to the Kings Majefly, or any other Stranger that
foall come over to them, while they remain Strangers may have and ufc
their own Difcipline, as formerly they have done'-) yet it is thought fit
that the Englifh Liturgie jfjould be tranfated into the French and
Dutch, for the better fitting of their Children to the Engliftl Government.
But before the Injunction thus qualified could be fent to Canterbury,
the Mayor and Brethren of that City were put upon a Petition in
their behalf, infifting, among other things, on the great Charge which
would fall upon them, if the relief of the poor French, which for-
merly had been maintained on the common Purfe of that Church,
fliould be caft upon the feveral Pariflies ; and the great want of Work
LI 2 which
264 The Life of W i l l i a m
^ ^ , •
PART II. which would happen to their own Poor in that City, if the Manu-
ka T>om» fadhires of the French ftiould be difcontinued. To which Petition
1634. tnev received a favourable Anfwer in refpect of themfelves 5 but with-
t^V^J out any alteration of his Graces purpofe in fuch other points of it as
concerned thofe Churches '■> A Temperament wasalfo ufed in regard
of the Minifters which did Officiate.in thofe Churches , it being con-
defcended to on the fuit of their Deputies, That fuch of their Mini-
fters as were EnglifJj born ftiould continue in their Place and Miniftry,
as in former times : but that hereafter none Ihould be admitted to be
Minifters in their Congregations,but fuch as "were Strangers. Which
Condefcenfions notwithftanding, It was di reeled by the Ccetm of
the London Churches, That by no means the Kentifi Foreigners fhould
publifh the faid Injunctions in their Congregations 5 and that if the
profecution of them ftiould be ftri&ly urged, they would then think
upon fome other courfe to bear off that blow. And by this Tergi-
verftnon they gained fo much time, that the final Decree was not
palled upon them till, the 26th of September, 1635. when to the for-
mer Injunction they found rh's Claufe or Provifo added, viz. That the
Natives flwuld cot. tmue to contribute to the maintenance ef their Minijiry,
andtkePocr of their Churchy forthefubfijimg thereof'-) and that an Order
ftiould be obtained from his Majefly, if it were dejired, to maintain them
in their Manufactures, againji all fuch as frould endeavour to moleji them
by Informations. Some time was fpent about the publishing of this
Decree, the Minifters and Elders of thofe Churches refilling to aft any
thing in it : But at the laft it was publifbed in the French Church at
Canterbury by one of their Notaries, and in Sandwich by the Chanter
or Clerk of the Congregation, with Order to the Minifters and Church-
wardens ofthefeveral Parifhes, to take notice of fuch of the Natives
as reforted not diligently to their panlh Churches.
This proved a leading Cafe to all the other French and Dutch
Churches on this fide of the Seas, though they oppofed it what they
could. For nofoonerwas the news of thefe Irjunclions firft brought
to Norwich, when a Remonftrance was prefented to Corbet^ (who was
thenBifhop of that Diocefs)and by h m tranfmittedtotheArchbiftiops
in which they had exprefled fuch Reafons againft the tenour of the
fame, as we have met with formerly in th'.s Narration. But the Arch-
bilhops Vifitation of that Diocefs in the year next following, Anno
1655. Put an enc^ to tnat bufinefs % the Injunction being publifhed in the
Churches of Strangers in that C'ty, before any pi blication of them
had been made in Canterbury. Nor was the hkedone only in all the
Churches of Strangers in the Province of Canterbury , but in thofe cf
Tor^ where the Archbifbop kept them to a harder Diet 5 for having
feen what had been done by Trent in his Vifitation, and having no fuch
powerful Sollicitors as the Co?tm of the London Churches to take off
his edge, he denied them the Exercife of any Ecclefiaftical JurifdicYi-
on of their own h enjo) ns tl:cm the ufe of the Englifi Liturgie in the
French Tongue, with Obedience to all the Laws and Ordinances of
theChurchof England 5 to receive the Sacrament once a year in the
Church of the Parifh where they dwell;, and to perform all their Chri-
ftenings,
Lord Archbifhop a/7 Canterbury,
ften Bgs, Marriages, and Burials there, or elfe none of their Congre- LIB. IV.
gations to be permitted. But notwithstanding all this care of the Anm Dom.
Metropolitans, the bufinefi went forward more or left, as the Minifters f 654.'
and Church-wardens ftood affected in their feveral Partfhes. And in t-^V^J
moft Paiithes the Minifters and Church- wardens were fo well pleafed
with that indecency which they kad amongft them, in refpedt of any
Superiors in Church-concernments, to whom they might be made ac-
countable for Life or Doftrine, that generally they wifh'd themfelves
in the fame condition : And being freed from their greateft fear, of
having the Poor of thofe Churches caft upon them in their feveral Pa-
ri(hes, they feemed not much follicitous whether they came to the
Church or not, to hear the Sermons, receive the Sacraments, or per-
form any other part of Publick WorQiipj efpeciallyif they were not
fcrupulous in paying to the Minifter his accuftomed Dues, and yield-
ing to fuch Elates and Taxes as the Church-wardens laid upon them
for Parochial ufes. If any Minifter began to look too ftri&ly to them.,
they would find fome means to take him off by Gifts and Prefents, or
by fome powerful Letter from fomeof the Grandees redding in Lon~
don, and fometimes from a neighbouring Juftice, whofe difpleafure
mult not be incurred. And that they may not want encouragement
toftanditout as long as they could, the leading men of the Genevian.
Fa&ion in moft parts of the Realm, did fecretly foil icite them not to
be too forwards in conforming to thefaid Injunctions, alluring them
of fuch Affiftances as might fave them harmlefs, and flattering them
with this Opinion of themfelves, That the Liberty of the Gofpel,
and themoft defirable freedom of the Church from Epjfcopal Tyranr
ny, depended chiefly on their Courage and Refolution. What was
done afterwards in purfuance of the faid Injun&ions, (hall be told elfe-
where : all which Particulars I have laid together, that the Proceed-
ings of his Grace in this weighty bufinefs (fo much calumniated and
defamed} might be prefented to the Reader without interruption.
It was once faid by Telefinus to Caj. Marius, That he did well to
fcoure the Country^ but Italy would never want Wolves, fo long as Rome
continued fo fit a Foreftto afford them Jfjelter. In like manner the Arch-
bifhop knew full well how fmall a Progrefs hefhould make in his Re-
formation, for reducing the French and Dutch to a Communion with
the Church of England, and the Church of England to it felf, if Lon-
don were not brought to fome Conformity. Which City having a
ftrong influence on all parts of the Kingdom, was generally looked on
as the Compafs by which the leffer Towns and Corporations were to
fteer their Courfe, the practice of it being pleaded upon all occafions,
forVeftrics, Lectures, and fome other Innovations in the State of the
Church. And to this nothing more concurred, than that the Bene-
ficed Clergy being but meanly provided for, were forced to under-
take fome Lectures, or otherwife toconnive at many things, contrary
to their own Judgment and the Rules of the Church,in hope that gain-
ing the goodwill thereby of the Chief of their Parifhes, they might
be gratified by them with Entertainments, Prefents, and fome other
helps to mend their Maintenance. The Lecturers in the mean
time,
266
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. time, as being Creatures of the People, and depending wholly on the
Anna T»m> Purfe of the wealthier Citizens, not only overtopped them in point
1634. of Power and Reputation, but generally of Profit and Revenue alfo.
U^"V"^J Not that thefe Lecturers were maintained fo much by the Zeal and
Bounty of their Patrons, as by a general Fraud, which for many years
laft paft had been put upon the Regular Clergy; by the diminishing
of whofe juft Dues in Tythes and Offerings, fuch Le&urers and
Trencher-Chaplains had been fed and cherifhed. For the better un-
derftanding whereof, weare toknow, That:n the yeari22&. Roger
AVgcr Bifhop of London, ordained by a Synodical Conftitution, That
the Citizens frould pay of every founds Rent by the year, of all Houfes^
Shcps7&i.c. the Sum of 3 s. $6. as time out of mind had formerly been
paid. Which 3/. 4^. did anfe from the Offerings upon every snn-
dayzvA thirty of the principal Holydavs in the fame year, after the
Rate of one halfpeny for every twenty (hillings Rent of their Houfes,
Shops, C~c. ThisOrder of Roger Niger remaining in force tilltheyear
1507. and the Clergy being kept to fuch Rates for the Rents of
Houfes. asatthe firft making of the fame, it was decreed bv Thomas
Arundell then Bifhop of Canterbury, That as the Rent increafed, Jo the
Offerings or Tythes fiouldincreafi alfo\ That the faid Order fliould be read
in every Tar jf '-Church four times in the year- and a Curfe laid upon all
tkofe who f.'ould not obey it. Confirmed by Pope Innocent vii. and Ni-
cholas iv. with a Provifoj That the fiid Oblations fljould be paid according
to the true yeirly value of the shops and Houfes. It fo remained until
the twenty fifth year of Henry viii. at what time many of the former
Holyday* being abrogated by the Kings Authoritv, the yearly Profit
of the Clergy found a great abatement; the greater, in regard of the
variances which arofe betwixt them and their Parifhioners, about the
payment of their Dues ; the People taking the advantage of fome
Diforders which the Clergy at that prefent had been brought unto, by
acknowledging the King for the Supream Head ot the Church of
England. Upon this variance a Complaint is made unto the King,
who refers the whole matter to Cravmer Archbifhop of Canterbury,
Audley Lord Chancellor, Gardiner Bifhop of Winton, Cromwell Chief
Secretary of Eftate, Fitz-James and Norwich Chief Juftices of the fe-
veral Benches, by whom it was concluded, That from thenceforth 2 s.
9 d. only fouldbe paid cut cf every pound for the Rents of Houfes, shops,
See. And to this Order the Citizens did not only confent, as they had
good reafon. but bound themlelves by an Adof Common Council to
perform the fame; the faid Decree confirmed by Acrof Parliament in
the twenty feventh, and afterwards in the thirty feventhof that King,
with a power given to the Lord Mayor to commit to Pri fen ever per-
fon whatfoever who fbould not pay his Tythes and Dues according to
that Proportion.
But contrary to the true intent and meaningof the faid Decrees.and
the feveral Ads of Parliament which confirmed the fame, the cove-
tous and unconfcionable Landlords, who had the Fee-fimple, or fome
long Leafes at the leak, of fuch Shops & Houfes. deviled many bafe and
fraudulent waies to put a cheat upon the Law, and abufe the Clergie 5
referving
Lord Archbifkop (^Canterbury. 267
refervinglbmefraall fum in the name of a Rent, and covenanting for f j>. \y.
other greater Sums to be paid quarterly or half yearly in the name of Anno jyom.
Fines, Annuities, PenGons, Incomes, Intereft-money, O-c. Finding i 6 :> 4,
thefe Payments fo conditioned and agreed upon to be too vifible.a U^"V^J
cheat, lome were fo wife as to take their Fines in grofs, when they
tied their Leafes, fome inconfiderable Rent being charged upon
them 5 others fo cunning as to have two Leafes on foot at the fame
time, one at a low contemptible Rent to gull the Incumbent of his dues:,
the other with a Rent four or five times as great to keep down the
Tenent, and fome by a more cleanly kind of conveyance (refervinga
fmall Rent as others did) caufed their Tenants to enter into feveral
bonds for the payment of fo much money yearly with reference to the
term which they had in their Leafes. By which devices and deceits
the houfe- Rents were reduced to fo low a value, that fome Aldermen,
who do not ufe to dwell in Sheds and Cottages- could be charged with
no more than twenty (hillings for a whole years Tythe} the Rent re-
fer ved amounts after that proportion but to feven pounds yearly. The
Clergy by the Alteration of Religion had loft thofe great advantages,
which had before accrued unto them by obits, Mortuaries, Obventions,
to the Shrines and Images of fome Cpecial Saints, Church-Lands, and
perfonal Tythes according to mens honefl: gain, which laft was thought
to have amounted to more than the Tythe of houfes. Being deprived
of the one, andabufedin the other, they were forced in thefixteenth
of King jta/we/. Anno i6iS. tohaverecourfe to the Court of Exche-
quer, by the Barons whereof it was declared, that according to the true
intent of the faid Acts the Inhabitants of London and the Liberties
thereof ought to pay the Tythe of their houfes, (hops, &c. after the
rate of two (hillings nine pence in the pound proportionable to the
true yearly value of the rent thereof. In order whereunto it was then
. ordered by the Court, that a Shed, which had been built and made a
convenient dwelling houfe, fhould pay twenty four (hillings nine pence
yearly in the name of a Tythe, as was afterwards awarded by Sir
Henry Telvert on , upon a reference made unto him, that one Ravelins ,
who paid forty (hillings yearly to his Landlord in the name of a Rent,
and twelve pound by the name of a fine, (hould from thenceforth pay
his Tythe to the Incumbent of the Paridnn which he dwelt, after the
rate of fourteen pound yearly.
This and the like Arbitraments about that time gave them fome
hope of finding more relief from the Court of Exchequer than they
could expect from the Lord Mayor , who being at the firft made Judge
in the bufinefsfor the eafe of the Clergy, carried himfelf rather like a
party concerned in it than an equal Umpire. But there was no con-
tending with the Purfe of the City h For though the proceedings of
the City Landlords were declared to be unjuft and Sacrilegious under
the hands of many Biftiops, and mod: of the Heads of Houfes in both
Universities, Anno 1 620. yet the bufinefs going on from bad to worfe,
they were necefHtated to caft themfelves at the feet of Ring Charles,
and to petition for a remedy of thefe growing mifchiefs, which other-
wife in fometra&of time might become infupportable. Which Petition
being
268
PART tt. being taken into confideration by his Sacred Majefty, he was graci-
AnnoVom. ouflypleafed to refer the fame to the Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury,
163 4. the Lord Keeper Coventry, the Earl Marfbal, the Lord Biihop of Low
U^V^> don, the Lord Cotttngton, Mr. Secretary Windebank^, and Chief Ju-
ftice Richardfon, or any five;, or three of them, of which the Lord
Archbifhoptobe always one, requiring, and thereby authorizing to
call before them all parties concerned in the bufinefs, and after a full
hearing and examination thereof, to end if they could, or otherwife to
report to his Majefty where the Impediment lay, thatfo his Ma j eft y
might take fuch further order therein as in his Princely wifdom he
(hou'ld think moft meet. Which reference, being made the fifteenth
of May of this prefent year, was carried on with Tuch equality, and
moderation, that the rich Landlords had no reafon to complain of any
obliquity or partiality in the conduct of it : But having been accufto-
med to feed on the Churches Bread, and to have the poor Clergy
obnoxious to them, they could with no patience entertain the thoughts
of relinquishing their former dyet, or fiiffer a deferving Clergy to en-
joy their own. Nothing more feared, than that the Clergy by this
means would grow too rich 5 They who conceived two thoufand
pound of yearly Rent not enough for an Alderman, think one hun-
dred pound per annum (as was affirmed by one of that number) to be
5 too much for a Miniften And fhould the Clergy once grow )rich,they
would become more abfolute, and independent, not fo obtequious
tothemasthey had been formerly, and confequently more apttocrols
them in their oppofition or neglect of eftablifht Orders. And in this
ftate the bufinefs ftood when Juxon the Bifhop of London was ad-
vanced totheTreafurers Staff in the end of March 1635. which much
encrealt the hopes of the one, and the fears of the other. Some of
the Clergy had the hap to better their condition, and improve their
Benefices by the appearing of fo many powerful perfons in their be-
half 5 and pofBble enough it is that fome expedient would have been
refolved on by the Referrees to the general content of both parties
("his Grace of Canterbury being very follicitous in behalf of the Clergy)
if the troubles which brake out foon after in Scotland, and the pre-
parations for the War, which enfued upon it, had not put the bufinefs
to a ftand, and perfwaded both the King and Council to an unprofita-
ble compliance with that ftubborn City, from which he reapt nothing
inconclufion but neglect and (corn. So frequently have the beft de-
fignsbeen overthrown, not fo much by thepuiflance and mightofthe
adverfe party, as through defect of Conftancy and Refolution to go
through with them.
Mention was made in the Narrative of our Archbiftiops late pro-
ceeding againftthe Congregations of the French and Dutch, of fome-
what which was done in order to it, in the Mctropoliticvl Vifitationof
the Province of Canterbury. Concerning which we are to know, that
in the beginning of the year 1634. he refolved upon that Vifitation.
And having fome diftruft of Brent his Vicar General, he prepared one
of his Confidents to be a joynt Commiffioner with him, that he might
donohurt3ifhe did no good. But afterwards, being more allured of
Brent
Lord tArchbiJhof of Canterbury. 269
Brent than before he was, he refolved to truft him with himfelf, and L I B. IV.
not to fetter him with any fuch conflant Over-feer to attend his ad- Anno Vonu
ings. The Articles for his Vilitation, Printed for the ufeof Church- 1634.
wardens and Sides-men in their feveral Parifhes had little in them more C^V^i
than ordinary. But he had given directions to his Vicar General to
enquire into the obfervation of his Majefties Inftru&ions of the year
1629. tocommand the faid Church-wardens to place the Communion
Tabic under the Eaflern Wall of the Chancel, where formerly the
Altar flood , to fet a decent Raili before it to avoid profanenefs 5
and at the Hail the Communicants to receive the blefled Sacrament.
It had been fignified to the Archbifhop, that a Dog in one place or o-
ther (but I remember not the name) had run away with the Bread
appointed for the whole Communion 3 and that the Communion
Wine had been brought unto the Table in many places, in Pint-pots
and Bottles, and fo diftributed to the People. The placing of a Rail
Jaefore the Table would prevent all infamies of the firft fort3 and he
hoped the Minifters would take order to reform abufes of the lafl.
Williams, at that time Bifhopof Lincoln, had placed the Table of his
ownChappel in the ftateof an Altar, andfurnifhed it with Plate and
other coftly Utenfils beyond moft others in the Kingdom. The Ta-
ble flood in the fame pollure in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln, of
which he was both Bifhop and Residentiary 5 and in the Collegiate
Church of Weflminfler , whereof he was Dean. The Chancel of
St. Mirtins Church in the Town of Leicefier had been made a Library 9
which he when he was in his good humours perfwaded the people to re-
move, to trim and prepare the faid Choire with Railes and fuch other
Ornaments as were fitting for it, and then to place therein their Com-
munion Table, all which !liey accordingly performed. But under-
ftanding of the Order of the third of November, made by his Majefty
and the Lords of his Council in the Cafe of St. Gregorys, he untwift-
eth all this Line again. For a Certificate being prefented to him
by the Vicar, Church-wardens, and fome others of the Parifh, That
the place where the i able flood before, was far more fit, by reafon of the
more capacity to receive the Communicants, and the more audiblcnefs of
the Miniflers voice, and the Proximity of it to the place where Morn-
ing and Evening Prayer had been appointed to be read, than the Chan-
cel was i he gave them leave to remove the Communion Table to the place
where it formerly flood, efpecially at fuch times as tfcp received the
Communion. All which by his Letters of the nineteenth of December^
1633. he fignifies to Burden, one of Lamb Surrogates in the Archdea-
conry of Leicefier, requiring him not to betroublefome or moleflful to the
faid parties in any thing concerning the Premifes. Which Letter Burden
fends to Lamb, and Lamb communicates to his Grace of Canterbury 5
who thereupon refolves to make that Diocefs the Scene of his firfl
Vifitation.
The Diocefs of Lincoln was anciently larger than it is, the Bifhop-
rick of Ely being taken out of it in the Reign of King Henry the Firft,
Anno 1 109. and thofe of Oxon. and Peterborough by King Henry the
Eighth, Annoi^i. Butasitis, it is the largeft of the Kingdom, both
Mm for
270 The Life of W * l l i a m
PART II. for the quantity of ground, and the nufhber of Parifhes, containing
Anno Dom. in it the whole Counties of Lincoln, Lcicejicr, Buckingham, Bedford),
1694. Huntington, and that part of HertfordJIrire which belonged to the
U^V^W Kingdom of Mercia. In which Counties are contained 1255 Parifhes
divided (though not equally) between fix Archdeacons, that is to
fay, the Archdeacons of Lincoln, How, Liecejier, Buckingham, Bedford,
and Huntingdon each of them having his feveral Commijjaries, and
every Commiffary one or more Surrogates, to officiate under him in
times of neceflary abfence. Within this great Diocefs he begins, firft
laying a Sufpenfion on the Bifhop and the fix Archdeacons, by which
they were inhibited from the exercife of their Jurifdictions as long as
that Vifitation lafted. And after fending out a Citation to all the Mi-
niftersand Church- wardens of that Diocefs, he required them to ap-
pear at certain times and places before his Vicar General and the reft
of the Commiffioners authorized for the feveral Archdeaconries of the
■ fame. But. the Bifhop was too flout to yield at the firft affault, pre-
tending an exemption from fuch Visitations by old Papal Bulls. The
Archbifhop being herewith ftartled, was not long after very wellfa-
tisficd in that particular, by a Paper which was tendred to him, afiert-
tinghis Metropolitan Right againft thofe Pretences, collected out of
Hiiiories and old Records. Which being compared with the Origi-
nals, and found to contain nothing but undoubted truths, the Bifhop
is commanded to appear before the Lords of the Council, where his
Tapal Bulls were fo well baited by the Archbifhop and his Council, that
not being able to hold any long play, they ran out of the Field, leav-
ing the Bifhop to fhift for himfelf as well as he coukU This Bar re-
moved, the Vicar-General proceeds to the, Vifitation, and in all pla-
ces gives command to the Church-wardens, not only to return their
Prefentments, according to the Articles of the Vifitation 5 but to
tran-fpofe the Communion Table to the Eaft end of the Chancel, and
to fence it with a decent Rail to avoid prophanenefs, according unto
(iich Directions as he had received from the Lord Archbifhop. He
further fignifyed, That they were to take efpecial care of certifying
the names of all the LeBurers in their feveral and refpective Parifhes}
as alfo. Whether the faid Le&urers , and all other Preaching Minifters
within that Diocefs, did carefully obferve his Majefties Inftrucrions
publifhed in the year 1629. Their knowledge in which Particulars^
with a Certificate of their doings about the removing of the Commu-
nion Table, together with their Prefentments to the feveral Articles
which were given them in charge, to be returned unto him by a time
appointed. Which Charge thus given, and the Vifitation carried to
another Diocefs, he leaves the prpfecution of it (as afterwards in all
other places) to the care of the Bifhop. But the Bifhop having other
defigns of his own, was no fooner difcharged of that Sufpenfion which
was laid upon him, but he refolves to vifit his Diocefs in Perfon, to
(hew himfelf to thofe of his Clergy, and gain the good affections of
thofe efpecially who adhered to Calvin and Geneva: Infomuchthat
meeting in the Archdeaconry of Buckingham with one Doctor^/, a
very grave and reverend mat^but one who was fuppofed to incline that
way,
Lord drchbifbop of Canterbury-
way, he embraced him in his Epifcopal Arms with thefe words of St. L I B. IV.
Augujline, viz. ghiimvis Epifccpus major eji presbytero, Augujiinus ta* Anno Vom.
men minor est Hieronymo: Intimating thereby, to the great commen- 1634.
dation of his modefty amongft thofe of that Faction, Thatthefaid ^^V^>J
Fret was as much greater than Williams, as the Bifhop was above a Pried
And incompliance with that Party, he gave command for Railing in
the Communion-Table fas appears by the Extract of his proceedings
in the Archdeaconry of Leicefier') not placed at theEaft endof the
Chancel,with a Mail before it : but in the middle thereof,as it flood be-
fore, with a flail about it. And by that kind of half-rcompliancei, as
he retracted nothing from his own Opinion, in his Letter to the Vicar
of Grantham'-^ fo he conceived, That he had finely fruftrated thede-
fignof his Metropolitan, .and yet not openly proceeded againfl: his In-
junction.
The Vifitation thus begun, was carried on from year to year, till 1635.
it had gone over all the Dioceffes in the Province of Canterbury. In
the profecution whereof, the Vicar-General having given the Charge,
and allowed time to the Church-wardens to return a Certificate of
their doings in purfuance of it, the further execution of it was left to
"the Bifhops in their feveral Diocefles j in which it went forwards more
or lefs, as the Bifhops were of fpirit and affection to advance the
Work, either in reference to the tranfpofing of the Table, or the ob-
fervation of his Majefties InfiruQions above-mentioned, which had
not the leaft place in the bufinefs of this Vifitation. Wright Bifhop of
Coventry and Lichfield having given order by his Chancellor for the
tranfpofing of the Tables in moft parts of his Diocefs, began atlaftto
caft his eyes on the Churches of the Holy Trinity and St. Michael the
Archangel in the City of Coventry '-> concerning which he prefcribed
thefe Orders : 1. That the Ground at the upper end of the Chancels be
handfomely raifed by three fieps, that the Celebration of the Sacrament
may be confpicuous to all the Church. 1. That the Ground fo raifedat
both Churches , the Communion-Table fiiotdd be removed clofe to the
Eajl-wall of the Chancels. 3. That i7i both Churches all new Additions
of Seats in the Chancels be taken away, and the Fews there reduced as
near as may be to the ancient form. But the Citizens of Coventry found
a wav to take offhis edge, notwithstanding that he had received not
only his Majefties Command, but encouragements alfo in purfuance
of it (his Majefty fpending at the leaft a fortnight in that Diocefs,
in the year 162,6. atfuch tuneas the Bifhop came to wait upon him in.
Tutbury Cafdej: For they fo far prevailed upon him at his being in
Coventry, that in the prefenceof the Mayor and fome others of the
Fraternity, heappointed, That the Communion-Table ihould be re-
moved from its alcent of three Steps unto the Body of the Chancel,
during the Adminiftration of the BlelTed Sacrament,commanding Bird0
w ho had the Officiality of the place, not to trouble them in it. Bird
not being well pleafed with fo much levity in the Bifhop, gives notice
of it unto Latham the Bifhops Regifter in Lichfield, by whom it was
iignified to Lamb, by Lamb to the Archbifliop, and by him to the King}
from whom it is to be fuppofed that the Bifhop could receive fmall
Mm 2 thanks
272 The Life o/William
PART If. thanks for hisdifbbedience. In Ejfex the bufinefs met with a greattr
AnnoVom. difficulty. Ay let Cfficial there under the Chancellor of London ;
1635. hadcaufed many of the Communion Tables within the verge of his
fc^V""^ JurifdicYion to be tranfpofed and railed in, and the People to come up
and kneel and receive at the Rail. Oppofed at firft in fome of the
greater Towns, becaufe they found it otherwife in the Churches of
London, whofe example they conceived might be a fufficient warrant
for them in that particular : But much more were they moved to ftand
outagainfr him, upon fight of one of the Articles for the Metropoli-
tical Vifitation, by which they conceived that they had leave to re-
move their Table at the time of Celebration, and place it as it might
bemoft convenient for the PariQiioners to come about it and receive
the Sacrament. Ay let complains of this to Lamb, finding himfelf there-
by under an imputation of eroding the Article delivered by his Graces
Vifitcrs, and following after his own inventions, without any Autho-
rity. For remedy whereof, and to lave all that he had done from re-
turning back again to the fameeftatein which he found it, he defires
to know his Graces Pleafure and Lambs Directions. More confeantly,
and with better fortune, is the bufinefs carried on by Pierre in his Dio-
cefs of Bath and IVells. No fooner had his Majefry fignified his Plea-
fure in the Cafe of St. Gregories, but he: iflueth out a Commiffion to
fome of his Clergy, to inquire into the State of all the Parith Churches
within thatDiocefs} and on the return of their Account, gives Crder
for the rectifying offuch things as they found amifs, efpecially in the
pofture of the Holy Table. And that it might be feen, that his Com-
mands were not only countenanced by Power, but backed by Rea-
fon, he prepares certain Motives and Confederations to perfwade
Conformity 5 as, -viz. I. That it was ordered by the Queens Injunctions,
That the Communion Table (hould ftand where the Altar did. 2. That
there fiould be fome difference between the placing of the Lords Tabled
the Church, and the placing of a Mans Table in his Hoitf. 5. That it
was not fit the People fiould fit above Cods Table, or be above the Prieli
when he Confcrateth. 4. That when the Communion Table fands thm,
the Chancel would be the fairer, and fo there would be more room for the
Communicants. 5. That the Table fanding thm, the face of the Mini-
jler would be better feen, and his voice more audibly and difinQly heard,
than if it flood upon a Level in the midfi of the Chancel. And 6. That
it was expedient that the Daughters fouldbe lil^e their Mother, and that
, the Parochial Churches fould conform themfclves in that particular to
their own Cathedrals. But that which feemed to be the mod popular
Argument to perfwade Obedience, was the avoiding of thole Propha-
nations which formerly the Holy Table had been fubjeel to 5 For
flwtdd it be permitted to fland as before it did, Church-wardens would
keep their Accounts on it, Pariflfioners would difpatch the Parif) bufinefs
at it, School-wafers will teach their Boys to write upon it, The Boys will
lay their Hats, Sachels, and Books upon it, Many will (it And lean irre-
verently again fit in Sermon 'time, The Dogs will pi fs upon it and de fie
it; and Gla(Icrs would kpoek.it full of Nail- holes. By which means he
prevailed fo fir, that.of 469 Pariifces which were iu that Diocefs, 140
had
Lord sjircbbijhop of Canterbury. 273
had conformed to his Order in it, before the end of the Chrijimas LIB. IV.
Holydaysin this prefent year, Anno 1635. without any great relu- AnnoVum.
ctancy in Prieft or People, The firft ftrong Oppofition which he 1635.
found in the bufinefs, came from a great and populous Parifh called L^V**^
Beckjngton, where HewiJJ) Incumbent of the place, was willing of him-
it.L to have obeyed his 'Directions in it; but the Church-wardens of
the Parifh were determined otherwife. Forthis beingfentfor by the
Bifhop, he gave them Order by word of mouth, to remove the Table
to the Eaft end of the Chancel, and to place a decent Rail before it :
Which they refufing to perform, were cited to appear in theBifhops
Court, before Duck_ the Chancellor of that Diocefs, on the ninth of
June, by whom they were commanded to remove fuch Seats as were
above the Communion Table, to obey theBifhops former Directions,
and to return a Certificate of all that they had done therein by the
fixthof Oclober then next following : and for default thereof] were on
the fame day Excommunicated by the Bifliop in perfon. But the
Church-wardens being rich, well-backed, and difaffefred to the Ser-
vice,appealed from their Diocefan to the Dean of the Arches 5 at whofe
requeft, upon feme hope given of their Conformity, they were ab-
folved for a month, and admoniih'dtofubmit tothat which had been
enjoined them. Continuing in their obftinacy, he Excommunicates
them again, and they again appeal to the Dean of the Arches j where
finding no Relief, they presented a Petition to the Archbifhop, with
no lefsthan a hundred hands unto it, and afterwards to the King him-
felf] but with like fuccefi. Fierce had done nothing in that cafe, but
what he had been warranted to do by rheir Authority, and there-
fore was by their Authority to be countenanced in it. There is an
ancient Priviledge belonging to the Church of England^ That he who
fiandeth obflinately Excommunicated for forty days^ upon Certificate
thereof into the Court of Chancery, fhall be attached with a Writ De
excommunicato capiendo, directed to the sheriff] for his Apprehension 5
by him to be committed to Vrifon without Bail or Mainprif ("as our
Lawyers call it J till he conform himfelf and feek, Abfolution. By vir-
tue of this Writ thefe obftinate perfons were laid up in the Common
Gaol, after they had remained Excommunicate above a twelvemonth h
which (hews with how great patience they had beenforborn. And
thenatlaft, perceiving what ill counfel they had followed, and into
what perplexities they had call: themfelves, they made their fubmiffi-
on to their Bifhop, by whom they were enjoined to do Penance for
their Contempt, and obftinate ftanding out againft the Sentence of
the Court, in a form prefcribed : The Penance to be done in the great
Church of Bath0 their own Parifh Church at Beckington^ and in the
Parifh Church of Frome-Selwood the next Market-Town adjoining to
its and thereupon the Parties to be Abfolved. Which Opposition
thus fuppreffed, prepared the People in mod other places of that Dio-
cefs for a more ready conformity, than otherwife the Diocefan might
have found amongft: them : So true is that of the Hiftorian, That the
Rcfifiances of the Subject being once fuppreffed? adde jirength t» that Au-
thority which they thought to crujl). How he behaved himfelf in refe-
. " rence
274 The Life if W \ l l i a
M
PArvT ll.rence to his Majefties Injiruftions, we fliall fee hereafter, when he is
Anno Uom. brought upon the ftage on that occafion ; and we (hall fee hereafter al -
t 6 5 s* fo, how much or how little was done in order to the purpofeof thisFi-
L*s?"V',^J (itatiou, by the reft of the Bifhops.
Nor was there only care taken for rectifying fuch things as were
found amifs in Parochial Churches : but to enquire alfo into the State
and Actions of the Mother Cathedrals, by which all other Churches
which depended on them, were to be regulated and directed. And
they found work enough in many of them 5 efpecially in thofe where-
in there was a want of Statutes for the Common Government.
There are in England twenty fix Cathedral or Epifcopal Sees , of
which thirteen are reckoned of the old foundation, and the other
moyety of the new thofe of the old foundation fuch as anciently
had been founded in Secular Canons, as they ftill continue. Of which
fort are the Churches of St. Paul in London, together with thofe of
Chichefier, Salisbury, Wells, Exeter, Lincoln, Lichfield, Hereford, and
the four WelJJy Eifhopricks, in the Province of Canterbury, and none but
the Metropolitical See of Torl^ in the other Province, all of which
had their ancient Statutes, and required no alteration in them except
Hereford only. Thofe of the new foundation (as they commonly call-
ed them) were fuch as had been founded on Monaftic\_ Orders, which
being ditfblved by King Henry the Eighth, he founded them a new
in a Dean and Chapter of secular Priefts , of which fort were the
Churches of Canterbury, IVinchejier, Ely, Worcejier, Rochejier, Nor>
rcich) and the four new Bifhopricks by him founded in the Abbeys of
Oxon. Peterborough, Gloctjier, and Brijiol, together with thofe of Dur-
ham, Carlijle, and chejier, (thislaftof his foundation alfoj in the o-
ther Province. For each of which Churches there was made a
draught of Statutes, but never perfected or confirmed , and therefore
either kept or broken at the Deans difcretion, as it conduced moft to
his advantage from time to time 3 which proved the unavoidable oc-
cafion of many differences between the Deans and Prebendaries of
thofe feveral Churches 5 the De^j-afFedcing an arbitrary andabfolute
Government, and the Prebends looking on themfel ves as Brethren, not
as Subjects to him. The perfecting of thefe Statutes to ferve as a (land-
ing Rule to both for the times fucceeding , took up much of his
thoughts, and certainly he had effected it for all thofe Churches in
convenient time, if the difturbances which hapned in Scotland firft, and
in England afterwards, had not diverted and dilabled him from that
performance.
He began firfi: with Canterbury his own Cathedral, where he found
Cart- Voom. fhe Table p]aced at the £aft end of the Choire fey the Dea„ and chat
tcr, and Adoration ufed toward it by their appointment 5 as was at-
tcfted upon Oath by Dr. Blechinden one of the Prebends that Church
at the time of his Trial. Which having found in fo good order, he
recommended to them the providing of Candleftickj, Bafons, Carpet,
and other Furniture for the adorning of the Altar, and the more
iblemn celebrating of thebleffed Sacrament. And that thefe things
might be perpetual to fucceeding Ages, he compofed a new body of
Statutes
Lord Archb'tjhof of Canterbury
Statutes for the Government of that Cathedral, which was fent thi- L [ B. IV*
ther under the Great Seal, with his own hand fubfcribed toevcryleaf. Anno Vom.
In which there was this Statute amongft the reft, (which the Deans, \ £'3 5..
Trekends, and Officers there were bound by Oath toobferve) That at L^N^W
their coming in and going oat of the Choire, and all approaches to the Altar^
they fooula by bowing toward it, mal^c due reverence to Almighty God.
The like he did at Winton alfo, in this prefent year, where he re-
quired them by Brent his Vicar-General, to provide four Copes, torail
in the Communion table and place it Altarwife, to bote towards it, and
dayly to read the Fpijiles & Gofpels at it 5 the (aid Epiftles and Oofpels to
be read by none but fuch as were in holy Orders, contrary to the late
practice of that Church, where the faid Office was performed by their
Lay Vicars at the will and pleafure of the Dean. To bind them to it
for the prefent, certain InjurSions were left with them by Brent un-
der the Seal of his Office. And that they might not fall again to their
oldconfufions, a Book of Statutes wascompofed alfoto the ufeof thai;
Church, for the rectifying of fuch diforders as had grown therein un-
der the Government of Abbot, Morton, and Toung the prefent Dean
thereof, a Scot by Nation, and one that never rightly underftood the
Conftitution of the Church of England. The like Injunctions given by
Brent to the Church of Cl.ichejier, to provide Copes by one a year for
Gods publick Service, till they were fufficiently flrnifhed with them,
with the like Adorations toward the Communion Table, as before at
Winchefier. The Statutesof Her^r*/ being imperfect, hecaufedtobe
caft in a new mold, and fent them thither under the Broad Seal for
their future Reglement, to be there fworn to and obferved. In which
it was required, Firft, That evtry Relidentiary Jfwuld officiate twice
every year under the pain of paying forty fallings to be laid out on Orna-
ments of the Church. Secondly, That they fwuld officiate on Sundaies and
Holidaies in their Copes. Thirdly, That they flwuid ft and up at the Creeds
and Gofpel, and Doxologies, andto bow Jo often as the name of Jefas was
mentioned, and that no man (l:ould be covered in the Church. Fourthly,
That every one Jliotddbow toward the Altar. Fifthly, Thatthe Prayer afore
their Sermons jlwuld be made according to the 5 5 . Canon, which as it Jtocws
to what di for dtrs they were grown in point of praclice, ' and how they had
deviated from the Rules of the Church h fo may it ferve to verifie that old
Obfervation , {I) "That many nmes corrupt manners and evil Cu-
"ftomsdo beget good Laws. KtWorcefer Manwaring, who fuc-
ceeded Juxon in that Deanry, prevented Brent, and acted many things
of himfelf without any Injunctions for having erected a fair Table
' of Marble, ftandingonfour well-falhioned Columns, he covered the
Wall behind the fame with hangings of Azure-coloured Stuffy hav-
ing a white Silk Lace upon every Seam, and furniflied it with Palls and
Fronts, as he had obferved in his Majefties and fome Biflvops Chappels*,
and ordered the Kings Scholars, being forty in number, who for-
merly ufed to throng tumultuoully into the Choire to go in Rank,
by two and two, and make their due obeifances at their coming in.
Such Copes as belonged anciently to that Church, which had been
lent many times unto common AUors^ or otherwife Sacrilegioufly
profaned,
276 The Life of William
PART 'II. profaned, he eaufed to be burned, the Silver extracted out, and laid
Anna Vom. up in the Treafury, toward the buying of new ones, as more money
1 6 3 <. came in.
L^-V^sJ In many other Churches the Deans and Prebends had been conten-
ted to put that money into their Purfes, which might better have been
expended on fome publick Ornaments. And that he might proceed
to a Reformation on the better grounds, he took order to be fur-
nished with a juft account of their prefent condition, what Veftments,
and Utenfils they had, and what they wanted. From Lincoln it was
Ibid. p.81. certified, That the Communion Table was not very decent, and the Rail
before it worfe S that the Organs were old and naught, and that the Copes
and Vejiments were imbe%eledi and ncne remained. From Norwich, That
the Hangings of the Choires were old, and the Copes fair, but wanted
mending: From Clocejler, That there wanted Copes, and that many
things were grown amip fmce he left that Deanry. From 'Lichfield \That
the Furniture of the ^Itar was very mean, care therefore to be taken in it
for mere coftly Ornaments- The like account from other places, which
drew on by degrees fuch Reformation in Cathedral Churches, that
they recovered once again their ancient fplendour, and (erved for an
example to the Parifh Churches which related to them. Nor did the
Archbifho^ ftand alone in point 'of judgment as to thefe particulars.
He had therein the teftimony and afient of two fuch Bifhops than
which there could be none more averfe from Popery, or any thing
that tended to it. A difference hapning between the Minifter and
Church- wardens ina Parifh of Wilts, about the placing of the Table,
which the Mirrifter defiredto tranfpofe to the end of the Chancel,and
the Church-wardens to keep it as it ftood before, the bufinefswas
referred to Davenant, then Bifhop of Salh bury, who on a full confede-
ration of the matter, declared in favour of the Incumbent, and by a
Decree under his Epifcopal Seal fetled the Table in the place where
the Altar ftood, as the Minifter defired to have it. In Which Decree
Archb. Sp. there are thefe twopafTages tobeobferved 5 Firft, That by the Injun-
June 16. gfion Qj e^een Elizabeth, and by Canon 32. under King James, the
, Communion Tables fliould ordinarily be Jet and Jland with the fide to the
EaftlVall of the Chancel. Andfecondly, That it is ignorance to thinks
that the Jlanding of the holy Table in that place doth relifij of Popery.
This for the placing of the Table. And then as for the bowing and
adoring" toward it, we have this Authority from the Pen of Morton,
then Bifhop of Durham, in a Book by him written of the Romifl) Sa-
crifice. The like difference (faith he J may be difcemed between their
manner of Reverence in bowing towards the Altar, for adoration of the
Eucharift and ours in bowings well when there is no Eucharift on
the Table as when there is, which is not to the Table of the Lord, but to the
Lord of the Table, to tejlific the Communion of all the faithful Communi-
cants therewith,evcn as the People of Cod did in adoring him bi'fore the Ark
hisfootOool, Pfalm 99. And here we alfo may obferve, that though
navenant made not his Decree till the feventeenth of May 1637.
when the bufinefs of the Table had been fetled in moft parts of the King-
dom,yet Mortons book came out this year, 1 65 5. at the firft brcak-
j ng out of thofe oppositions which were made againft it. Yet
Lord <iA rchbijbof of Canterbury. 277
Yet did not the Archbifhop think he had done fufficienrly if he L I B. IV.
fhould leave the cafe to be ruled only by fn junctions and Deprees3un- Anno Vom.
lefs he added vigour to them by his own example. When he was Bi- 1 6 3 5-
lhop of St. Davids, he built a newChappelto hisHoufe of Aberguilly, ^^^^^
and furnifhed both the Chappel and the Altar in it with Hangings,
Palls, Fronts, rlate} and other Utenfils,tbavery great value. Accord-
ing unto which beginning he continued till the end of his Race. When Qanu Doom,
he eame fir ft to Lambeth-houCe, where he found the chappel lye fo p. 4<$2.
vajlily,(as his own words are) the Windows fo defaced, and all things
in itfo disordered, that he was much ajfjamedto fee it, and could not re-
fort unto it without d/fdainj the Images in the Windows being broken
in jiany places, andmoft deformedly patent up with ordinary Glafs,
he caufed tobe repaired, and beautified according totheir former Fi-
gure, hisGlafiers Bill amounting to no lefs than 148 //'. 7 s. 6 cl. With
like care, but with far lefs Charges, he repaired the ruined Windows
in the Chappel ofhishoufein Croyden, where hefpent the grcateft
part of his Summers, and whither heretiredat other times for his eafe
and privacy. And as for the Communion Table, which he found P* 66*
Handing in themiddle of the Chappel, a very forry one in it felf, he
ordered it to be removed tofome other Room, and caufed a new one
to be made, placed where the Altar fometimes flood, fhadowed
over-head with a very fair Frieze,and Fenced with a decent and coftly
Rail, the guilding of the one, and the curious workmanfhip of the o-
ther, together with the Table it felf, amounting to 33 pounds, and
upwards 5 Copes, Ah ir-cloaths, Plate, and other necefTaries which be-
longed to the adorning of it he had been Matter of before in his o-
ther Chappels,and therefore was at the lets charge incompleatingthis.
He put himfelf tofome coftalfoin repairing and beautifying the Or-
gans, which he found very much out of tune, and made great ufe of
them in the celebrating of Divine Service on Sundays and Holydays,
when his leifure could permit him to beprefent at it} fbmeGentle-
menof his Ma jeftics Chappel affiftingmany times to make up the Con-
fort when the folemnity required it. According unto which example
of their Lord, and Chancellor, the principal Colledges in Oxon. beau-
tified their Chappels, tranfpofed their Tables, fenced them with Rails,
and furnifhed them with Hangings, Palls, Plate, and all other necefla-
ries. Yet neither his own Example, nor the Authority of the faid two
Bifbops, nor practice of the Deans and Chapters in fomany Churches,
or the Go vernours of thofe principal Colledges, fo ftopt the mouths of
divers railing Rabfl/akehs of the Puritan -Faction, as not to fpit their
venome and reproaches ontbem. Witnefsfor all, that fcurrilous pap
fageof H. B. in his Seditious Sermon, called, For God and the King?
Hove then (faith he) w ill our new Majiers, our Innovators, make good p4 1,
the bringing in ofthefe things afrefl? into Cathedrals, and forcing allpetty
Churches to conform thereunto f. Would the Prelates thus make the Mo-
ther Cathedrals (thus by themfehes made and adopted Romes daughters)
their Concubines, whereon to beget a new beflard Generation offacrificing,
idolatrous Mafs-PrieUs throughout the Land, which our good Laws, and
all our learned and pious Divines have proclaimed illegitimate ? So he.
N n More-
The Life o/William
PArVT U. More of this foul ftufF might be found elfewhere, but that I hate the
Anno Vom. raking in fuch dirty puddles.
1635. The bufinefs of the Table going on in fo good a way, that of the
L^V""^ Declaration about Lawful Sports feemed to be at a ftand. Such Mi-
nifters as had readily obeyed the Mandates, and publifhed the feveral
Orders of the fecular Judges in their feveral Churches,did obftinately
refafe the publifhing of this Declaration, when required to do it by
their Biifliops 5 and that they might not be thought to ftand out againft
them without Tome good ground, they alledged fome reafons for
thenfelves, which when they came to be examined, had no reafon in
them. Firft, they alledged, That there was noexprefs order in the
Declaration, that the Minifter of the Parifh fhould be preft to the
publifhing fit. , But then withal they (hould cOnfider, that the Bi-
fhops were commanded to take order for the publifhing of it in their
feveral Parifhes '■> and whom could they require to publilh it in the
Parifh Churches but tne Minifters only ? Bound to them by an Oath
of Canonical obedience at their admiffion to their Cures. So that the
Bifhopsdidno more than they were commanded in laying the publi-
cation of this Dec laration on the back of the Minifters 5 and the Mi-
nifters by doing lefs than they were commanded infringed the Oath
which they had taken, rendring themfelves thereby obnoxious to all
fuch Ecclefiaftical Cenfures as the Biftiops {hould inflict, upon them.
It was alledged fecondly, That the publifhing of this Declaration was
a work more proper for the Conftable or Tything-man, or the
Church-wardens attheleaft, than it was for the Minifters: But then
it was to be confidered, that the Conftable or Tything-man were Lay-
officers meerly, bound by the Law to execute the Warrants of the
Judges and Juftices, bumotthe Mandates of the Bifhops, fo far from
being Proper Inftruments in fuch a bufinefs, that none of the Judges
thought it fit to command their Service in publifhing their Orders a-
gainft Ales and Revels. And though th Church-wardens had fome
relation to Church-matters, and confequently to the Bifhop in the
way of Prefentmentssyetwas he not bound to execute any fuch Com-
mands, becaufenot tyed by an Oath of Canonical obedience, as the
Minifters were. Or were it otherwife, yet doth it happen many times
in Country Villages, that the Church-wardens cannot read,and there-
fore not to be imployed in publifhing fuch Declarations, which require
a more knowing man than a filly Villager. And laft of all it was al-
ledged, that the Minifters of all others were moft unfit to hold the
Candlefor lighting and lettingin fuch a courfe of licentioufnefs,as was
indulged on the Lords day, by the faid Declaration. But then it was
to have been proved;|that any Sports of the allowed of in it,might have,
been brought within the compafs of fuch Licentioufnefs, which neither
the Word of God, nor the Canons of the Chriftian Church, nor any
Statutes of the Realm had before forbidden. Or had it been as they
pretended, that the command was contrary to the Law of God,
and could not be obeyed with a fafe confeience ; yet this was only a
pretence, their reading of the Book being no more an argument of
their approbation of any thing therein contained, than when a com-
mon
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury.
mon Crier reads a Proclamation, the Contents whereof perhaps heL TP,. IV.
likes not. Anno Vom-
The Bufmefs being at this ffand, it was thought fit that the Bifhops i 6 3 £;
fhould firft deal with the Refufers in a Fatherly and gentle way, but^^V^W
adding menaces fometimes to their perfwafions if they faw caufe for
it , and that in the mean feafon fome dilcouries fhould be writ and
publifhed to bring them to a right undei ftanding of the truth, and
their feveral duties : which burden being held of too great weight for
any one to undergo, and the neceflity of the work requiring a quick
difpatch, it was held fit to divide the employment betwixt two. The
Argumentative and Scholaftical part referred to the right learned
Dr. white, thenBiihop of Ely, who had given good proof of his abi-
lity in Polemical matters in feveral Books and Difputations againft
thePapifts. The Practical and Hiftorical, by Heylyn of Weftminfter,
who had gained fome reputation for his Studies in theantient Writers
by Affertmg the Hiftory of St. George, malicioufly impugned by thofe
of the Calvinian Party upon all occafions. Both of them, being en-
joyned their tasks, were required to be ready for the Prefs againft
Michaelmas Term 5 at the end whereof both books came out, The
Bifhops under the Title of A Treatife of the Sabbath day, containing a
defence of the Orthodoxal Do&rineof the Church of 'England against Sab-
batarian Novelty. The other called, The Hiftory of the Sabbath, was
divided into two Books or Parts 5 The firft whereof began with the
Creation of the World, and carried on the Story till the deftru&ion
of the Temples The fecond, beginning with our Saviour Chriftand
his Apoftles, was drawn down to the year 1633. when the publifhing
of this Declaration was required. But going different ways to work
they did not both encounter the like fuccefs. The Bifhops Book had
not been extant very long, when an Anfwer was returned unto it by
Byfieldot Surrey, which Anfwer occafioned & Reply, and that Reply be-
gat a Rejoynder, To Heylyns Book there was no Anfwer made'at all,
whether becaufeunanfwerable,or not worshthe Anfwcring, is to me
unknown. And though it is not to be doubted, but that the Argu-
ments of the one, and the Authorities of the other, prevailed with
fome to lay afide their former obftinacy and averfenefs 5 yet did there
ftill remain too many, who ftopp'd their ears, like the deaf Adder in
the Vfalmift, and mould not hear the voice of the Charmers, charmed they
never fofvoeetly. By which it did appear too plainly, That there was
fome Affociation had and made amongft them, to ftand it out to the
laft, and put fome baffle or affront upon their Superiors, by whofe
Command the reading of the Book was impofed upon them. And
thereupon it was refolved. That the Bifhops in their feveral Diocefles
fhould goto work more roundly with them, and either bring them to
Conformity, if it might be done 5 orotherwife, to proceed againft
them by EccleCiaftical Cenfures.
Butwhilft thefethings were afting on the Stage of England, the Bi-
ihops of Scotland were as active in drawing of a Book of Canons, and
framing a Publick Liturgie fortheufe of that Church. Both Under-
takings warranted by the Acl: of a General Affembly held at Aberdeen,
Nn 2 Anno
289 The Life of William
PART IL Anno 1616. and the one brought to a goocf forvvardnefs before the
Anna Vom. death of King James: But being difcontinued by the Accidents and
1635. Debates before-remembred, it pleafed his Majefty at the laft to yield
u*??,"V~5^J unto the importunity of the scottijfj Bilhops, in having a Liturgie of
their oven, differing in fome things from that of the Church of Eng-
land, to (hew the independency and felf-fubfiftence of their Kirk^j
but agreeing with it in the main, toteftifie the Conformity between
the Churches : Which being thus condefcended to, they were or-»
dered to proceed with all fpeed and diligence, which they did accord-
ingly. But the Canons being the (horter work, werefirft brought to
an end 5 for the compiling whereof, his Majefty gives thefe Reafons
in his large Declaration. Firft, That he held it but exceeding neceffary,
that there fjottld be fome Book, extant to contain the Rules of the Ecclefh
ajlical Government '-, fo that as well the Clergie as the Laity might have
one certain Rule, to regulate the Power of the one, the Obedience and Pra-
ctice of the other. Secondly, That the AUs of General Ajfemblies were
written only, and not Printed 5 and therefore could not come to the know*
ledge of many : So large and voluminous, that it was not eafie to T ran fcribe
them, infomuch that few of the Presbyters themfehes could tell which
of them were anthentical, which not : So unfafly and uncertainly kept,
that they knew not where to addrefs themfehes for confulting with them :
That by reducing thof numerous Acts (and thofe not known unto them-
Jelves) to fuch a paucity of Canons, publifed and expoftd to the public
view, no man fiottld be infnared by ignorance, or have jujl reafon to
complain of their multiplicity. And finally, That not one in all that
Kingdom did either live under the Obedience of the A&s of thofe General
Aflemblies, or did know what they were, or whereto find them. Upon
which grounds, the Book of Canons being drawn up and prefented to
him, he gave a Warrant under his Hand to the Archbifhop of Canter-
bury, requiring him, together with the Bifhop of London, to perufethe
fame, to fee that they were well fitted to the Church-Government,
and as near as conveniently might be to the Canons of the Church of
England-- giving them, and either of them full power to alter any thing
in the faid Canons, as they found mod: fitting. Which being done as
he commanded, and the Book made ready for the Prefs, he pafs'd his
Royal Confirmation of it, under the Great Seal of the Kingdom, in
this manner following.
CHARLES REX.
WE out of Our Royal Care for the Maintenance of the prefent Ejlate
and Government of the Church of Scotland, have diligently and
with great content considered all the Canons and Conftitutions after fol-
lowing } and finding the fame fuch as We are p erf waded will be prof table,
not only to our whole Clergie, but to the whole Church of that ottr King-
dom, if fo they be well obferved, Have for Vs, Our Heirs, and Lawful
Succejfors, of Our tfpecial Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion,
given, and by thefe prefents do give Ottr Royal Ajjent unto all the faid Ca-
nons, Orders, and Conftitutions, and to all and every thtngin ticm con-
tained, as they are afterwards fet down. And
Lord&ArchbiJbop of Canterbury.
281
• And further ; We do not only by Our Prerogative Roy d, and Supreme LIB. IV.
Authority in Caufis Eccledafiical, Ratifie and Confirm by thefe Our Let- Anno Vent.
ters Patents, the/aid Canons, Orders and ConuVitutions, and all and 1655.
every thing in them contained : But likewife We command by Our A11- Lx7""V<fc*
thority Royal, and by thefe Letters Patents, the fame to be diligently cb-
ferved and executed by all Our loving Subjects of that Our Kingdom both
within the Province of St. Andrews </WGlafcow $ in all points wherein
they do or may concern every or any of them, according to this Our Will
and Pleafure hereby expreffed and declared. And for the betten obferva-
tion of them , We jlraightly Charge and Command all Our} Archbifljops,
Bifi)Ops, and all others that exercife any Ecclefiajiical furifdiclion within
that Our Realm, to fee the fame Canons^Orders^w/ Conftitutions to be in
all points duly obferved'^not /paring to execute the Penalties in them fever al-
ly mentioned, upon any that fhall willingly breaker neglefl to obftrve the
fame, as they tender the Honour of God, the Peace of the Church, the
Tranquillity of the Kingdom, and their Service and duty to Vs their King
and soveraign.
Given at Our Mannor of Greenwich, 23 May 1635.
Thefe Canons when they came abroad, were prefently quarrelled
and dtfclaimed by the scottiff) Presbyters : Quarrelled with in reference
to the fubjecr matter comprehended in them : Difclaimed, becaufe
impofed upon them without their own approbation andconfent. The
points raoft quarrelled at, were thefe. 1. That whofoever fhould affirm,
That the Kings Mijejly had not the fame Authority in Caufis Ecclefiajii-
cal, that the Godly Kings had among the Jews, ortheChritiian Emperors
in the Primitive Church 5 or impugn in any part his Royal Supremacy in
Caufes Eccledajiical, was to incur theCenfure of Excommunication. 2.
The like cenfure to be infli&ed on thofe who fijould affirm, That theWor^
fl)ip contained in the Book, of Common-Prayer, and Adminijlration of the
Sacraments (though at the making of thefe Canons there was no fuch
Book of Common-Prayer recommended to them 5) or, That the Go-
vernment of the Church by Archbipops and Bijhops, or the form of Making
and Confe crating Archbifiops and Bifiops, Sec. did contain any thing re-
pugnant to the Scriptures, or was corrupt, fuperflitious, or unlawful in the
Service and Worfj/p of God. 5. That the Ordinations were refit ained
to four times in the year 5 that is, the firjl Weeks of March, June, Sep-
tember, and December. 4. That every Ecclefiajiical rerfon at his Acl-
miffion flwuld take the Oath of Supremacy, according to the form required
by Parliament 5 and the like Oath for avoiding Simony, required in the
Book_of Confccration, 5. That every Presbyter Jhall either by himfelf,
or by another perfon lawfully called, read or caufe Divine Service to be
done, according to the form of the Book, of that Common-Prayer, before all
Sermons'-) andthathe jhould officiate by the faid Book, of Common-Pray-
er, in all the Offices, Parts andRubricks of it (when as yet none of them
hadfeenthe faid Book or Liturgie.) 6. That no Preacher fijould im-
pugn the DoUrine deliver d by another in the fame Church, or any near
adjoiningto it, without leave from the Bifiop '■> which they conceived to
be the way to pin their whole Pveligion on the Bifhops Sleeves. 7. That
no
The Life of William
PART IT. no Presbyter fwuld hereafter become Surety or Cautioner for any Perfon
Amo Vonu whofoever, in Civil Bonds and Contracts, under pain of SufpenQon. 8,
1635. That whatfoever remained of the Bread and Wine prepared Jor the Com-
munion, Jlwuld be dijiributed to the poorer fort rehich receive that clay to
be eaten and drunken of them before they go out of the Church. 9. That
Presbyters are enjoy ned to Minifier the Sacrament of Baptifmin private
Houfes, andupon every day alike, in cafe of infirmity and that the Peo-
ple rcere required not to receive the s*cra?/ient of the Lords Supper but up-
on their knees, ic. That in all Sentences of Separation a Thoro & Men-
fa, there jl)all be a C aution inferted (and given accordingly^) That the
Perfons fo fe par at ed Jlwuld live continently and chastly, and not contract
Marriage with any Perfon, during each others life (which Teemed to pat
the innocent Party into as bad a condition as the guilty, contrary to
the Judgment of the Reformed Churches.) 1 1 . That no private Meet-
ing be kgpby Presbyters, or any other Perfons whatfoever, for expounding
Scripture, or for confulting upon matters Eccledajlical : Such matters to
be handled only in the Lawful Synods held by Bijfwps. 12. That under
pain of Excommunication, no Presbyter or Layman, jointly or fever ally ,
make Rules, Orders, or Conjhtutions in Caufes Eccleffajiical ? or to adde
or detract from any Rubrickjor Articles, or other things nowcjiablifhed,
without the Authority of the King or his Succejfors. 13. That National
or General Ajfemblies were to be called only by the Kings Authority j
That the Decrees thereof Jlwuld bind as well the Abfent as the Prejent in
Matters Ecclefiajiical j and, That it flwuldnot be lawful for the Biflwps
themfelves, in fiich Affemblies, or otherwife, to alter any Articles, Ru-
bric k., Canon Doctrinal or Difciplinary whatfoever, without his Maje-
. flies leave firflhadand obtained. 1 4. That no man Jlwuld cover his Head
in time of Divine Service, except with a Cap or Night- coife in cafe of
infirmity'-) and that all Perfons Jlwuld reverently kneel when the Ccnfejf-
on and other Prayers were read, and fliould Jiand up at the faying of the
Creed. 15. That no Presbyter or Reader be permitted to conceive Pray-
ers ex tempore, or ufe any other form in the Publicly Liturgie or Service,
than is prcfcribed, under the pain of Deprivation from his Benefice or
Cure. 1 6. That by this Prohibition the Presbyters feemed to be debarred
from ufing their own Prayers before their Sermons, by reafon that in 0 3.
num. 13. it h required, That all Presbyters and Preachers Jlwuld mote
the People to join with them in Prayer, u^ing fame few and convenient
words, and Jlwuld always conclude with the Lords Prayer {which in effect
was to bind them to the form of bidding Prayer, prefcribed in the 55th.
Canon of the Church 0/ England.) 17. That no man fljould Teach either
in Publick. School or Private Houfe, but ftich as Jljall be allowed by the
ArchbiJIwp of the Province, or BiJIiop of the Diocefs, under their Hand
and Seal 5 and thofe to Licence none but fuch as were of good Religion,
and obedient to the Orders of the Church, id. That nor.e Jljould be ad-
mitted to read in any Colledge or School, except they take first the Oath of
Allegiance and Supremacy. 1 9. That nothing be hereafter Imprinted,
except the fame be feen and allowed by the Visitors appointed to that purpofe'-)
the Penalty thereof (as in all like Cafes in which no Penalty is exprejfed*) •
being left to the di fret ion of the BiJIwps. 2C. That no Public l^Fafi Jlwuld be
appointed
Lord (tArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 285
appointed upon Sundays (as had been formerly accuflomcd) but on the L I C. IV.
Week-days only s and them to be appointed by none but Hh tliijcfly. 21. Anno T*om.
That for the Minijiring of the Sacrament of Baptifm, a Fontfiould be pre- ,1695.
pared} and placed fbmewhat near the entry of 'the Church, as antiently it i^f'"V"K?^
ufid to be, with a Cloth of fine Linnen,which (I) all like wife be kept all neatly.
23. That a comely and decent 'table for Celebrating the Holy Communion
fhould be provided, and placed at the upper end of the Chancel or church,
to be covered at the times of Divine Service with a Carpet of decent Stuff,
and at the time of Minifiration with a white Linnen cloth'-) And thai
Bafbns, Cups, or Chalices ef feme pure Metal feall be provided, to be fet up-
on the Communion Table, and referved to that onlyufc. 23. That fuck
Eiflwps and Presbyters as fjall depart this life, having no Children, ffjall
leave their Goods or a great part of them to the Church and Holy Vfes 5
and that notwithstanding their having Children, they fhould, leave feme
Teflimony of their love to the Church and advancement of Religion. 24.
That no Sentence of Excommunication feould be pronounc d.jor Abfolution
given by any Presbyter, without the leave and approbation of the Biffiop: And
no Presbyter fhould reveal or make known what had been opened to him in
confejfion, at any time, or to any Perfbn whatfbever, except the crime bz
fnchas by the Laws of the Realm his own Life may be called in c%cflion
for con ceding the fame. 25. And finally, That no Per fan fjmuld be re-
ceived into Holy Orders, nor fujferedto Preach, Catechife, Minifler the
Sacraments, or any other Ecclefiajlical Function, unlefs he firfi fubferibeto
be obedient to thefe pre fent Canons, Ratified and Approved by his Majefiies
Royal Warrant, and Ordained to be obferved by the Clergie, and all others
whom they concern.
Thefe were the matters chiefly quarrelled in this Book of Canons,
vifibly tending (as they would make the World believe) to lubjedt
that Kirk unto the Power of the King 5 the Clergy to the command of
their Biftiops •-, the whole Nation, to the Difcipline of a Foreign
Church, and all together by degrees, to the Idolatries and Tyrannies
of the Pope of Rome. But jufter caufe theyfeemed to have for dif-
claimingthe faid Book of Canons, becaufe not made nor impofed up-
on them by their own approbation and confent, contrary totheufage
of the Church in all Times and Ages. Had his Majefty impofed thefe
Orders on them by the name of Injunctions, according to the example
of King Henry viii. Anno 1536. of King Edward vi. Anno 1547. and
of Queen Elizabeth, Anno 1559. he might perhaps have juftified him-
felf by that Supremacy which had been vefted in him by the Laws of
that Kingdom •-, which feems to have been the Judgment of King James
in this very cafe. At his laft being in Scotland, Anno 16 17. he had
prepared an Article to be paired in Parliament to this effect, viz. That
whatfbever his Majefty fhould determine in the External Government of Hift°ry of
the Church, with , he advice of the Archbifhop, Bifhops, and a competent * Spotf,
number of t oe Mh fery, fhould have the flrength of a Law. But under-
ftanding that a Protejiation was prepared againft it by fome of the mod
Rjgidr sluterians, he commanded Hay the Clerk or Regifter, topafs
by that Article, asa thing no way neceffary 5 the Prerogative of his - -
Crown giving him more Authority than was declared or defired by it. yo
But
2 84 The Life o/Williaw
PAFvTH. Rut as for Canons and Conftitutions Eccleiiaftical, if they concerned
AiinoVom. the whole Church, they were to be advifedand framed by Bifhops,
1635. and other Learned men, afiembled in a General Council, and tcftified
l-*!!^v^w by the Subfcriptionof fuch Bifhops as were then afiembled. Or if they
did relate only unto National Churches, or particular Provinces,they
were to be concluded and agreed upon by the Bifhops and Clergy 5
' that is to fay, fomany of the Clergy as arechofen and impowred by all
the reft for that end and purpofe, aflembled in a National or Provin-
cial synod. No Canons nor Conftitutions Ecclefiaftical to be othcrwife
made 5 or if made otherwife, not to bind, without a voluntary and free
ftibmifiion of all parties to them. And though it could not' be denied,
but that all Chriftian Emperors, Kings, and Princes referved a power
untothemfelves of Ratifying and Confirming all fuch Conftitutions as
by the Bifhops and Clergy were agreed on 5 yet frill the faid Canons
and Confbtutions were firft agreed on by the Bifhops and Clergy,
before they were tendred to the Sovereign Prince for his Ratification.
The scottifo Presbyters had formerly difclaimed the Kings Authority ei-
ther in calling their Ajjetnblies^ox confirming the Refults and Acts there-
of : which they conceived to be good and valid of themfelvcs without
any additional power of his to adde ftrength unto them. And therefore
now they mull: needs think themfelves reduced to a very great Vafl'a-
lagein having a body of Canons foimpofedupon them, to the making
whereof they were never called, and to the pafiing whereof they had
never voted. But as they had broke the Rules of the Primitive
Church in acling Soveraignty of themfelves without requiring the
Kings approbation and confent in the times foregoing j fo were they
now upon thepointof having thofe old Rules broken on them by the
King,in making Canons,and putting Laws and Orders on them for their
•u j? future Government, to which they never had confented. And there-
Bib . Rxgia, fore fhQugh hjs Majefty had taken fo much care (as himfelf obfervedj
for facilitating and conveniencing their obedience by furthering their
knowledge in thofe points which before they knew not 5 yet they did
generally behold it, and exclaimed againft it, as one of the moft grie-
vous burthens that ever had been laid upon them.
More clamour, but on weaker grounds, was made againft the Book
of Common-Prayer when it firft came out, which was not till the year
16^7. and then we (hall hear further of it. Mean while we will re-
turn to England^ and fee what our Archbifhop doth, as a chief Coun-
fellorand States-man in his Civil A&ings. It was about four or five
years fince, Anno 1631. that he firft discovered how ill his Majefties
Treafuryhad been managed between fome principal Officers of his
Revenue, to the enriching of themfelves, to the impoverishing of their
Mafter, and the no fmall amazement of all good Subjects. But the a-
bufes being too great to be long concealed, his Majefty is made ac-
quainted with all particulars, who thereupon did much eftrange his
••countenance from the principal of them.
F 01 which good fervice to the King none was' fo much fufpe&ed by
them as the Archbifhop of Canterbury) againft whom they began to
pracVife, endeavouring all they could to remove him from his Majefties
ear,
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. 285
ear, or at the leaft to leilen the efteemand reputation which his fide-j^ j g# jy.
lity and upright dealing had procured of him. F a&ions are height- Anm Vontt
ned in the Court. Private ends followed to the prejudice of Publick 4 6- ^ s - '
Service, and every mouth talkt openly againft his proceedings. But u^V^J
ftill he kept his ground, and prevailed at laft, appointed by his Ma-
jefty on the fifth of February 1 634. to be one of the great Committee
for Trade and the Kings Revenue 5 and feeing Wejlons Glories fet
under a cloud, within few weeks after, iVefton being dead, itpleaf-
ed his Majefty to commit the managing of the Trcafury by Letters
Patents under the Broad Seal, bearing date on the fourteenth day of
Atirchy to the Lord Archbifhop, Cottington Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, Cooke and Windeban^ principal Secretaries, and certain others 5
who with no fmall envy looked upon him as if he had been fet over
them for a Supervifor. Within two daies after his being nominated
for this Commiffion, his Majefty brought him alfo into the Foreign
Committee, which rendred him as confiderable abroad as he was at
home. This as it added to his power, lb it increafed the ftomach
which was born againft him. The year 1635. was Dut nevv began,
when clafhing began to grow between him and Cottington about exe-
cuting the Commiffion for the Treafury. And that his grief and trou-
ble might be the greater, his old Friend Windeban^ who had re-
ceived his preferment from him, forfook him in the open field, and
joyned himfejf with Cottington and the reft of that Party. This could
not choofe but put him to the exercife of a great deal of Patience,
considering how necelTary a Friend he had loft, in whofe bofom he
had lodged a great part of his Counfels, and on whofe Activity he re-
lied for the carrying on of his defigns at the Council Table. But for
all this he carries on the Commiffion the whole year about, acquaints
himfelf with the Myfteries and Secrets of it, the honeft advantages
which the Lord Treafurers had for inriching themfelves (to the va-
lue of feven thoufand pound a year and upwards, as I have heard
from his own mouth) without defrauding the King, or abufing the
Subject. He had obferved, that divers Treafurers of late years had
rai fed themfelves from very mean and private Fortunes to the Titles
and Eftates of Earls, which he conceived could not be done without
wrong to both 5 and therefore he refolves to commend fuch a man to
his Majefty for the next Lord Treafurer, who having no Family to
raife, no Wife and Children to provide for, might better manage the
Incomes of the 'ireajnry to the Kings advantage than they had been,
formerly. And who more like to come into his eye for that prefer-
ment than Jnxon, his old and trufty Friend, then Bifhop of London '■,
a man of fuch a well tempered dirpoiition as gave exceeding great con-
tent both to Prince and People, and one whom he knew capable of as
much inftru&ion as by a whole years experience in the Commiffion
for the Treafury he was able to give him.
It was much wondred at, when firft the StafTwas put into this mans
hand 5 in doing whereof the Archbifhop was generally conceived nei-
ther to have confulted his own prefent peace nor his future fafety.
Had heftudiedhis own prefent peace, he fhould have given Cotting-
O O ton
86 The Life of W illia
m
) »r\T II. fcwleaveto put in for it, whobeing Chancellor of the Exchequer pre-
Arm Vnirf tended himfelf to be the next in that Afcendent, the Lord Treafurers
\ 6 1 Afiociate while he lived, and the prefumptive heir to that office after
v-^V^-* hisdeceafe. And had he ftudied hisownfafety and prcfervation for
the times to come, he might have mode ufe of the power by recom-
mending the Staff to the Earles of Bedford, Hartford, Fjfex, the Lord
s.y- or fome fuchmanof Popular Nobility 5 by whom he might have
been reciprocated by their ftrength ;md intcrefswith the People in
the change of rmes. But he preferred his Majefties Advantages be-
fore his particular concernments, thefafetyof the Publick before his
own. Nor did he want fome leafonable confederations in it for the
good of the Church. The peace and quiet of the Church depended
much on the conformity of the City of London^ and London did as
mnch depend in their trade and payments upon the Love and Juftice
of the Lord Treafhrcr of England. This therefore was the more likely
way to conform the Citizens to thedirecT'onsof their Bifhop, and the
whole Kingdom unto them 5 No (mail encouragement being thereby
given tothe London Clergy for the improving of their T)thes. For
w;th what confidence could any of the old Cheats adventure on a
publick Examination in the Court of Exchequer fthe proper Court
forfaits and grievances of thatnnturej when a Lord Eifhopof Lon-
don fate therein as the principal Judge? Upon thefe Counfels he pro-
ceeds, and obtains the Staff, which was delivered to the Bifhop of
' London on Sunday March 6. fworn on the fame day Privy Counfellor,
and on the firft of the next Term conducted in great ftate from London
Houfe to Wejiminfter Hall, the Archbiffiop of. Canterbury riding by
htm, and molt of the Lords and Bifhops about the Town, with many
Gentlemen of chief note and qua ity, following by two and two to
make up the Pomp. It was much feared by fome, and hoped by o-
thers, that the new Treafurer would have funk under the burden of
that place, as Williams did under the cuftody of the Seal : but he de-
ceived them both in that expectation, carrying himfelf with fuch an
even and fteady hand, that every one applauded, but none envied
his preferment to it , infomuch as the then Lord Faulkjand, in a bitter
Speech againft the Bifhops about the beginning of the Long Parliament,
could notchufe but give him this fair Teftimony. viz. That in an un-
expected place and power he expreffed an equal moderation and humility ^
beingneither ambitious before, nor proud after, either of the Crozier or
White Staff.
The Queen about thefe times began to grow into a greater preva-
lency over his Majefties affecf ions than formerly fhe had made (hew of :
But being too wife to make any open alteration of the conduct of af-
fairs, fhe thought it bed: to take the Archbifhop into fuch of her Coun-
fels as might by him be carried on to her contentment, and with no
difbonour to himfelf, of which he givesthis intimation in the Ereviate
■( . (a) on the thirtieth of Auguft 1634. viz. That the £hc en fent for hint
to Oatlands, and gave him thanks for a bur'ncfs which fie hadtrujled
him withall, promidng him to be his Friend, and that he fjould have
immediate accept to her rrhen he had occasion. This feconded with the
like
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury. ^87
like intimation, given us May 18. 1655. of which he writes, thatL I B. IV*
having brought his account to the Queen on May 18. Whitfunday, Anno Demo
the Court then at Greenwich, it was put ofFtill the Sunday after, at 16 3 5.
which time he prefented it to her, and received from her an affurance {^(T^v^J
of all that was defired by him. Panzinis coming unto London in the
Chrijimas holy-days makes it not improbable that the Facilitating of his
fafe and favourable reception was the great bufinefs. which the Queen
had committed to the ArchbiQiops truft} and for his effecting of it
with the King, had given him thofe gracious promifes of accefs unto
her, which the Breviate fpake of. For though Panzani was fent over
from the Pope on no other pretence than to prevent a Schifm which
was then like to be made between the Regulars and the Secular Priefts,
to the great fcandal of that Church 5 yet under that pretence were
muffled many other defigns which were not fit to be difcovered unto
Vulgar eyes. By many fecret Artifices he works himfelf into the
favour of Cottington, Windeban^ and other great men about the
Court, and atlaft grew to fuch a confidence, as to move this quefti-
ontofbme Court-Bifhop^, viz,. Whether hk Majejly would permit the
reftdingof a Catholick^Bijljop of the Englijh Nation to be nominated by his
'Majejly, and not to exercife his Fun&ion but as his Majejly fjould limit?
Upon which Propofi.tion, when thofe Bifhops had made this <%u£re to
him, Whether the Pope would allow of fuch a. Bifjop of his Majejiies no-
minating as held the Oath of Allegiance lawful, and fljonld permit the tahc
ingofitbytheCatholick^SubjeUsy he puts it ofFby pleading that he had
no Commiflion to declare therein one way or other. And thereupon
he found fome way to move the King for the permiiEon of an Agent
from the Pope to beaddreffed to the Queen for the concernments of
her Religion} which the King, with the Advice and Confent of .his
Council, condefcendedto, upon condition that the party fentlhould
be no Prieft. This poffibly might be the fum of that account which
the Archbiftiop tendred to the Queen at Greenwich on the Whitfin-
tide after Panzani' s coming, which as it feems was only to make
way for Con ("of whom more hereafter J though for the better
colour of doing fomewhat elfe that might bring him hither , he
compofedthe Pvupture between the Seculars and the Regulirs above-
mentioned.
I cannot tell whether I have hit right or not upon thele particulars ;
Butfure I am, that he refolved to ferve the Queen no further in her
defires than might confift both with the honour and fafety of the
Church of England? which as it was his greateft charge, fodid he lay
out the chief parts of his cares and thoughts upon it. And yet he was
not fo unmindful of the Foreign Churches, as not to do them all good
offices when it came in his way, elpecially when the Doctrine or Dif-
ciplineof the Church of England was not concerned in the fame. For
in the year 1634. having received Letters from the Queen of Bohemia
(with whom he held a conftantcourfe of CorrefpondenceJ about the
furtherance of a Collection for the exiled Minifters of the Palatinate \
he moved the King fo effectually in it, that his Majefty granted his.
Letters Patents for thefaid Collection to be made in all parts of the
O o 2 King=
2 S3 "I he Lift o/William
r A.K T TT. Kingdom; which Letters Patents being fealed and brought unto him
Anw Vom* for his further Direction in profecutionof the fame, he found a pal-
i ^ ? S* -age in it which gave him no (mail caufe of offence, and was this that
v^^/^j folio weth; viz. "Whofe cafes are the more to be deplored, for that
Cant. Doom, cctnis extremity is fallen upon them for their fincerity and conftancy
F'i9-* cc jn the true Religion which we together with them profeiTed, and
ce which we are all bound in confcience to maintain to the utmoft of
"our powers whereas thefe Religious ana Godly perfons be;ng in-
c'v i ■-«.damon^i> other their Country- men might have enjoyed their
<iEftates and Fortunes, if with other backfliders in the times of Tri-
bal they would ha-e fubmtted themfelves to the Antichrijiian Yoke,
cc and have renounced or d flemblcd the Profeflion of the true Reli-
gion. Upon the readingof which paffage he obferved two things :
Firlr, That the Religion of the Pat&Mi Churches was declared to
be the fame with ours. And fecondly. That the Doctrine and Go-
vernment of the Church of Rotoe is called an Ar.tickriflian Toke h nei-
ther of which could be approved of in the fome terms in which they
were prefented to him. For firfc he was not to be told, that by the
Religion of thofe Churches all the Calvinian Rigors in the point of
Predeftination and the reft depending thereupon were received as
Orthodox; that they maintain a Parity of Minifters directlv contrary
both to the Doctrine and Government of the Church of England 5 and
that Parens, ProfefTbr of Divinity in the Univerfity of Hudelberg,
(who was not to be thought to have delivered his own fenfe only in
that point} afcribesa power to inferiouf Magiftrates to a rb the pow-
er, contTo! the perfons and retift the Authority of Soveraign Prin-
ces, for which his Comment on the Romans had been pubhckly burnt
by the appointment of King Jawes, as before is faid. Which as it
plainly proves, that the Rehgion of thofe Churches is not altogether
the fame with that of ours, fo he conceived it very unfafe that his Ma-
jefty (hould declare under the Great Seal of England^ that both him-
felf and all his Subje&s were bound in confcience to maintain the Reli-
gion of thofe Churches with their utmoft power. And as unto the
other point he looked upon it as a great Controverfie, not only be-
tween fome Proteftant Divines and the Church of Rome, but between
the Proteftant Divines themfelves, hitherto not determined in any
p. 540: Council, nor poutively defined by the Church of England 5 and there-
fore he conceived it as unfafe as the other, that fach a doubtful contro-
verfie, as that of the Topes being Antichriji, (hould be determined Po-
fitively by Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England, of which
there was great difference even amongft the Learned, and not refolv-
edon in the Schools. With thefe objections againft that paffage he
acquaints his Majefty, who thereupon gave order that the faid Letters
Patents fhould be cancelled, and new ones to be drawn, in which that
claufefhould be corrected or expunged 5 and that being done, the faid
Letters Patents to be new fealed, and the faid Collection to proceed
according to the Archbifhops firft defires and proportion made in that
behalli
But before this Collection was finifhed, and the money returned,
Charles
Lord zArchbifkop of Canterbury. 289
fiharles Lodowic^ Prince El eftor Palatine, eldeft furviving Son of the L I B. IV.
Queen of Bohemia, comes into England to beftow a vifit on his Uncle, Anna Vem.
andtodefire his aid andcounfel for the recovery of the Electoral Dig- i 6 3 5.
nity and Eftate which did of right befrng unto him. On the twenty Ui?*V^i
fecond of November this prefent year 1655. he comes to Whitehall,
gracioufly welcomed by the King, who afligned him for his quarters
in the Court, the Lodgings properly belonging to the Prince his Son,
where he continued whilft he made his abode in England, except
fuch times as he attended his Majefty in his Summers Progrefs. Know-
ing how forward the Archbifhop had exprefTed himfelf in doing all
ready Services for the Queen his Mother, and the good offices which
he had done for her fake to the diftreffed Minifters of his Dominions,
on the 30 day of the fame Month he croft over to Lambeth, and was '
prefent with the Archbifhop at the Evening Prayer then very folemnly
performed and upon that day fortnight came unexpectedly upon
him, and did him the honour to dine with him. And that he might
the better endear himfelf to the Englifh Nation by (hewing his confor-
mity and approbation of the Rites and Ceremonies here by Law efta-
blifhed, he did not only diligently frequent the Morning and Evening
Service in his Majefties Clofet, but upon Chrijimas day received the
Communion alfo in the Chappcl Royal of Whitehall. For whofe accom-
modation, at the receiving of it, there was a Stool placed within the
Traverfe, on the left hand of his Majefty, on which he fate while the
Remainder of the Anthem was fung, and at the Reading of the Epiftle,
with a lower Stool and a Velvet Cufhion to kneel upon both iti the
preparatory Prayers, and the Aft of Receiving, which he rnoft reve-
rently performed to the great content of all beholders. During his
being in the Court he publifhed two Books in Print by the advice of
the King and Council, not only to declare his Wrongs, butafferthis
Rights. Thefirft he called by the name ofa PROTESTATION,
againft all the unlawful and violent proceedings and aftions againft
him and his Eleftoral Family. The fecond, called the MA N1FES T,
concerning the right of his Succeffion in the Lands, Dignities, and
Honours, of which his Father had been unjuftly difpoffeiTed by the
Emperour Ferdinandthc Second. After which Preparatory writings,
which feryed to no other effect than to juftifie his own and the Kings
proceedings in the eye of the world, he was put upon a courfe for be-
ing furnifhed both with men and mony to try his fortune in the Wars,,
in which he wanted not the beft afliftance which the Archbifhop
could afford him by his Power and Counfels. But as he laboured to
advance his Interefs in the recovery of his Patrimony and Eftaces in
Germany, fo he no lefs laboured to prefervethe Tnterefs of the Church
of England againft all dangers and difturbances which might come
from thence. And therefore when fome bufie heads, at the time of
the Princes being here, had publifhed the Book entituled, A Decla-
ration of the Faith and Ceremonies of the Palfgraves Churches 3 A courfe
was took to call it in, for the fame caufe, and on the fame prudential
grounds on which the Letters Patents before mentioned, had been
ftopt and altered. The Prince was welcome, but the Book might .
better
290 The Life of William
T \EvT II, better have flayed at home, brought hither in Dutch, and heretran-
AmoVom. flated into Englifh, Printed, and expofed to the publick view, to let
1 6 6. the vulgar Reader fee how much we wanted of the Purity and fimpli-
C^-A^l city of the Palatine Churches.
But we rauft now look back on fome former Counfels in bringing
fuch refractory Minifters to a juft conformity in publifhing his Maje-
fties Declaration about lawful Sports, as neither arguments and per-
forations could prevail upon. And that the Suffragan Bifhops might
receive the morecountenance in it, the Archbifhop means not to look
on, but to aft fomewhat in his own Diocefs which might be exempla-
ry to the reft, fome troublefom perfons there were in it, who publick-
ly oppofed all eftablifht orders, neither conforming to his Majefties
Inftruftions,- nor the Canons o£ the Church, nor the Kubricks in the
Csnu Doom, publick Liturgy. Cnlmcr and Placer, two men of the fame affeftions,
P-M?' and fuch as had declared their inconformity in former times , were
preft unto the publidiing of this Declaration i Brent afting in it as
CommiQary to the Biihopof the Diocefs, ("not Vicar, General to the
Archbifhop) of the Province of Canterbury. On their refufal fo to
do, they were called into the Coniiftory, and by him fufpended. Pe-
titioning the Archbifhop for a releafe from that fufpenfion, they were
anfwered by him, That if they kricrc not horv to obey, he kiierv as little
how to grant. He underftood them to be men of Factious fpirits} and
wasrefolved to bring them to a better temper, or elfe to keep them
from difturbing the publick peace. And they refolving on the other
fide, not to yield obedience, continued under this fufpenfion till the
coming in of the Scottifi Army, not long before the beginning of the
Long Parliament, Anno 1640. which wanted little of four years be-
fore they could get to be releafed. Wilfon, another of the fame
Crew, was fufpended about the fame time alfo, and afterwards fevere-
Jy fentenced in the High Commijfion, the profits of his Living feque-
ftred, (as the others were} and liberal alignments made out of it for
fupplying the Cure. In which condition he remained for the fpace of
four years, and was then releafed on a motion made by Dering in the
Houfe of Commons, at the very opening, in manner, of the Long
Parliament 5 that being the occafion which was taken by them to bring
p._,, the Archbifhop on the Stage, as they after did. And though hefu-
fpended, or gave order rather for fufpending of no more thanthefe^
yet being they were leading-men, and the chief (ticklers of the Faction
in all his Diocefs, it made as much noife as the great Perfecution did
in- Norfol^nd Suffolk. By one of which firft County we are told in
general, "That being promoted to this dignity,he thought he was now
cc Plenipotentiary enough, and in full capacity todomineer as he lifted,
"and to let his profeft enemies feel the dint of his Spirit, but more
cc particularly, that he caufed the Book of Sports to be publifhed,
"for no other rcafon than to gall and vex thofe Godly Divines,
ccwhofe Confidences would not vail to fo much impiety, as to
"promote the Work} and finally , That thereupon many of the
"moft found and orthodox Belief, were compelled to defert their
"Stations, and abandon their Livings, in which their livelihood
con-
Lord sArchbijhoy of Canterbury. 291
"confided, rather then to fubmit unto it. And here I had took LIB. IV.
xny leave of Kent, but that I muft firft pais thorovv the Diocefs AmoVom.
of R&chefier, where I find one smiling to have been both Sufpended 1636,
an J Excommunicated on the fame account (Tome other Inconformi- v-^**v^j
ties fas not bowing at the Name of JesVs) being taken into the (^ci51v
Reckoning) by Wood then Chancellor of that Diocefs under Bifhop
Bowles, and afterwards Sentenced to a Deprivation on the ninth of
February 1 637.
But as for that great Perfecution in Norfolk and SnfJ'Ah^ (greater, if
'Burton were to be believed, than any which hapnedto the Church in H«B-p»65»
'Queen Maries Days) we (ball hear it thus Preached up in thatfediti-
ous Sermon of his3 which he was pleafed to entitle For God and the
King 5 in which he telleth us, That in thofe Counties they had made the
oreatefl havoch^ of good Minifiers (and their Flocks now left defolate and
expoftd to the Wolves, as sheep without their shepherd) as our eyes had
ever feen 5 That there mere already three/core Minifiers in that cne Diocefs
Sufpended, and between three and fourfcore more had time given them
till Chrijls-tide, by which time they mufi either bid their good Conferences
farewell, or elfe their precious Miniflry , and therewith their nccejfary
Means : And finally, That in all jjhieen Maries Time there was not fo
great a havock. mi'h (in fo fjort a timz) of the faithful Minifiers of
God, in any part of, yea, in the whole Land. Wren had not long be-
fore fucceeded Corbet in the See of Norwich? a man who very well
underftood his Work, and refolved to do it: but finding himfelf
more deeply galled with thefe Reproaches, than he had deferved,
he caufed his Regifters to be fearched, and the A&s of his Court to
be examined, out of which we may take this (hort Account of his
Proceedings '-, that is to fay, 1. That the Chrgieof that Diocefs, com-
prehending all that are in Spiritual Dignity or Office, and all Par fens,
Vicars, Citrates, an I School- Mijiers (taking in the Lc&urers withal)
amount unto the number of 1500, or thereabouts. 1. That there were
not above thirty of all forts involved in any Ecclefiajiical Cenfure of what
kjndfoever, and not above (ixteen Sufpended. 3. That of thofe fixtcen,
eight were then Abfolved, for a time of further trial to be fallen of them,
and two did voluntarily resign their places ? fo that there were but (ix
Sufpended abfalutely, and perdfiing fo. 4. That of the Refidue, one was
deprived, after notorious Inconfurmity for twelve years together , and
final Objlinacy after feveral Admonitions 5 eight Excommunicated for
not appearing at the Court , and four inhibited from Preaching 5 of
which four, one by Trade had been a Draper, another a Weaver, and
athirdaT&yleT. 5. That for the other number between (ixty and eighty,
•which were Sufpended upon day till Chrifimas, upon the Examination of
the Regijier there appear but eight, and thofe not all Sufpended neither,
two being Excommunicated for not appearing in the Court. And 6.
Taking it for granted, That fixty of all forts had been Sufpended, as it
■wm fuggefled in the Libels yet fixty in fo great a number, comes to no
more than four in one hundred, which would not have been looked upon
as a Perfecution in Queen Maries days, nor in a time of better temper and
more moderation than the Libeller deferved to live in. And yet the
Minifter
292 The Life of W * S l i a m
PAR.T II. Minifter of Lincoln Diocefs, in his M/e muft needs fly outa'gainft
/tf/wo Vom. this Bifhop, comparing him unto a Wren mounted on the wings of an
1636. Eagle, and finding by the Index to the A&s and Monuments, That the
?^A-^ Bifhop of Norwich fent out Letters of Perfecution.
And yet it was not thought fufficient to juftifie themfelves in matter
of fact, unlefs they Advocated for themfelves, and the King under
» whom they acted by ftrong Reafons alfo. Andfirf):, it was alledged
in behalf of the King (who had commanded the faid Declaration to
be published by Order from the Bifhops, in all the Churches of their
feveral and refpedtive DioceflTes) That all the Commands of the
King, which are not upon the. firft inference and illation contrary to
a clear pallageinthe Word of God, or to an evident Sun-beam of the
Law of Nature, are precifely to be obeyed. 2. That it was not
enough to find a remote and poflible Inconvenience that might enfue
therefrom 5 for every good Subject is bound in confeience to reft allu-
red, That his Prince, environed with fuch a Council, will be able
to difcover, and as ready to prevent any il^fequel that may come of
it, ashimfelf poffibly canbe. And 9. That we muft notby difobey-
ing our Prince, commit a certain Sin, in preventing a probable but
contingent Inconveniency. And then it was alledged in behalf of
themfelves, That the Declaration was commanded to be publifhed
by Order from the Bifhops in the Parifh Churches; That there were
none on whom the Bifhops could impofe the Publishing of it in the
Churches of their feveral DioceiTeSj.but the Miniftersonly ; which was
a fufficient warrant for them to enjoy n theMinifters to do it. And
laftly, That though no Penalty was prefcribed in it to fuch as fhould
refufe to publifh the fame, yet that fome Penalty was implyed, or
otherwife the Command had been impertinent , and to no purpofe
and effect whatfoever. Finally, it was alledged, in refpect of thofe
who were enjoyned the publifhing of it, That there was nothing
contained in the faid Declaration, which was either plainly contrary
to the Word of God, or the Canons of the Church, or the Laws of
the Land, or the Practice of the Proteftant or Reformed Churches in
all parts of the World ; That if it fhould appear otherwife with fome
fcrupulous men, yet even thofe fcrupulous men were bound to obey
(i)Peremte their Superiors in making publication of it (V), for fear of diffolving
obfequhimpe- by their difobedience the whole frame of Government; That if it
tercidit,siubi fhould be lawful for particular Perfons firft to difpute, and afterwards
imperatm.que- to difobey the Commands of thofe higher Powers, to which the Lord
ihel^Ticti. nac* made them fubject, the Subject would feem to be in a better con-
Hifl.l.i. dition, and more abfolutely athisown difpofing, than the Soveraign
was; That by the Laws a Sheriff is bound to publifh his Majefties
Proclamations, though tending to the Apprchenfion of his deareft
Friends, or otherwife containing matter of dangerous confequence
to the Publick Intereft; That a Prefbyter or Minifter without any
fin, mayfafely pronounce an Excommunication, legally delivered un-
to him, though in his own private confeience he be convinced, that
the Party is unjuftly excommunicated ; That when the Jews com-
manded by Antiochm, gave up the Divine Books to his Officers to be
deftroy-
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury * 293
deftroyed, it was afterwards adjudged in favour of them by optjtusL I B. IV.
Bifhop of Milevk, a right godly man, to be (a) fin rather in them Anno Vom.
that commanded, than of thofe who with fear imd forrow did obey 1636.
their Mandates $ That when the Emperour Mauritius had made an ^^P^^^
Edict, That noSouldier fhould be admitted into any Monaftery, and mperams
fent it to be published by Gregory firnamed the Great, the Pope forth- f1'"?"^ JJJ
with difperfed it into all parts of the Chriftian World, (b) becaufe fafrnmon
he was fubject to his command 5 though in his own judgment he con- fiamdanth.
ceived the faid Edift to be unlawful in it felf, and prejudicial unto ma- ^)%iaeritt
ny particular perfons, as well in reference to their fpiritual as their fubjeftmejm
temporal benefit 3 and finally. That it was refolved by St. Augufiine^ {J^ Ma"
in his Book againft Faujius the Manichee, cap, 75. That a Chriftian Kb.lkEp.eSt
Souldier fighting under a Heathen Prince, may lawfully purfue the
War, or exercife the Commands of his immediate or Superior Offi-
cers, in the courfe of his Service, though he be not abfolutely aflTured
in the juftice of the one, or the expedience of the other. Such were
the Reafons urged in behalf of all Parties concerned in this bufinefs,
and fuch the Defences which were made for fomeof them in matter of
fad: but neither the one nor the other could allay that ftorm which
had been raifed againft him by the Tongues and Pens of unquiet Per-
fons} of which more anon.
Nor was the Clamour lefs which was raifed againft fuch of theBi-
ftiops as either preffed the ufe of his Majefties Inftruftions, concern-
ing Lecturers, and filencing the Arntinian Controverfies , or urged
the Minifters of their feveral and refpedrive Diocefles, to ufe no other
form of Prayer before their Sermons than that which was prefcribed
Canon 55. It had been prudently obferved, That by fuffering fuch
long Prayers as had accuftomably been ufed Of late before the Ser-
mons of moft Preachers 3 the Publick Liturgie of the Church had
been much neglected j That the Puritan Preachers for the moft part
had reduced all Gods Service in a manner to thofe Pulpit-Prayers 5
That the People in many places had forborn to go into the Church
till the Publick Liturgie was ended, and thefe Prayers begun 3 That
by this means fuch Preachers prayed both what they lifted, and how
they lifted , fome Co feditioufly, that their very Prayers were turned
into Sin '■> others foignorantly and impertinently, that they dishonour-
ed God and difgraced Religion. For remedy whereof, it was thought
convenient by the Archbifhop, and fome other Prelates, to reduce
all to the form of Prayers appointed in the Canon above-mentioned;,
according to the like form prefcribed in the Injunctions of Queen
Elizabeth, and before her time by King Edward the Sixth, and before
his time alfoby Ring Henry the Eighth? praftifed accordingly in the
times of their feveral Reigns, as appears by the Sermons of Bifhop
Latimer, Bimop Gardiner, Archbifhop Parker, Bifhop Jewell, Bifhop
A' Irervs, , and generally by all Divines of the Church of England,
•til! by the artifices and endeavours of the Puritan Faction, thefe long
Prayers of their own making had been taken up, to cry down the ti"
turgic. Which being in charge in the Vifitation, and afterwards in the
Articles of feveral Bifhops , made as much noife amongft ignorant
Pp and
2 94
PART IF. and factious People, undercolour of quenching the Spirit of God,
Anna Vom. expreifed in fuch extemporary Prayers of the Preachers conceiv-
i 6 % 6. ing, as filencing the Doctrines of Predeftination, changing the after-
^^"V^J noons Sermons into Catechifings, and regulating the Extravagances of
fome of their Lecturers, under the colour of a Plot to fupprefs the
Gofpel.
\n which laft Calumny, as moft of the Bifhops had afhare, fo did it
fall as heavy on Fierce of Bath and fVells, as on any other, though
he did nothing in that kind, but what he was required to do by the
Kings inftruftions. His crimes were, That he had commanded the
Minifters in his Diocefs to turn their afternoons Sermons into Cate-
chifings y andthofe Catechifings to be made according to theQueftions
and Anfwers in the Catechifm authorifed by Law, and extant in the
Book of Common Prayer 5 which fome few abfolutely refufing to
conform unto, and others (contrary to the meaning of the faid In-
ftructions) taking fome Catechifrri-point for their Texr; and making
long Sermons on the lame, were by him fnfpended,- and fo continued
till they found a greater readinefs in themfelves to obey their Ordinary.
But the great Rock of Offences againft which they (tumbled, and
(tumbling rilled all places with their Cries and Clamours/ was, That
he had (uppreiTed the Letfurers'm moft parts of his Diocefs 5 and fome
report, That he proceeded fb far in it as to make his brag: (not with-
out giving great Thanks to God for his good Succefs) That he had not
left one Le&urerin all his Diocefs :, of what fort foever^ whether he LeUtf
red for his Stipend^ or by a voluntary combination of fome Minifters a*
mongft themfelves. Which if it (hould be true, (as I have fomerea-
- fon to believe it is not) ought to be rather attributed to fome exili-
ency of humane frailty, (of which we are all guilty more or lefs)
than to be charged amongft his Sins. But for his Actings in this kind,
as alfo for his vigorous proceedings in the Cafe of Beckjngtan^ he had
as good Authority as the Inftructions of the King3andthe Directions of
his Metropolitan could inveft him in. And fo far Canterbury juftified
him in the laft particular, as to take the blame (if any thing were
blame-worthy in it) upon himfelf, though then a Prifouer in the
Tower, and under as much danger as the Power and Malice of his Ene-
mies could lay upon him : For fuch was his undaunted Spirit, that
when AJIj, a Member of the Houfe of Commons, demanded of him
in the Tower, Whether the Bifhop of Bath and Wells had received
his Directions from him in the Cafe of Beckjngton} he anfwered
roundly, That he had 5 and that the Bifhop had done nothing in it,
Cm. "Doom. kut wnat became an obedient Diocefin to his Metropolitan. So careful
p.ioo. was he of preferring thofe who had acted under him, that he chofe
rather to augment the number of his own misfortunes, then occafion
theirs. If all the Bifhops of that time had joined their hearts and
hands together, for carrying on the work of Uniformity, as they were
required, the Service might have gone more happily forwards, and
the Envy would have been the lefs by being divided: but leaving the
whole burden uponfo few, and turning it over to their Chancellors
and Undcr-Officcrs ("if they did fomuchj they did not only, for as
much
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury,
as much as in them was, deftroy thebulincfs, but expofe fuch as took LIB. IV.
care of it, to the publick hatred. For fuch was their defire to ingra- Anno Vom.
tiatethemfelves amongft the people, thatfome ofthem being required \ 6 7,6.
to returnthe names offuch Minifters as refuied the reading of the Book, V-^V^W
made anfwer, That they would not turn Informers againft their Bre-
thren, there being enough belides themfelves to perform that Office.
Others conceived, that they had very well performed theirduty, and
confuited their own peace and ftfety alfo, by Waving all Proceedings
againft them in their own Conflftories, wherein they muft appear as the
principal Agents, and turning them over to be cenfured by theHigh-
Commijfion, where their Names might never come in queftion. The
like done alfo in tranfpofing the Communion Table} in which it was
believed by many, that they had well complied with all expectations,
if they did not hinder it, but left the Minifters to proceed therein as
beft pleafed themfelves 5 or otherwife, to fight it out with the Church-
wardens, if occafionwere.
And yet the fortune of the Church had not been fo wretched, if
none of that Order had pulled down more with one hand, than many
of the reft had built up with both. The Metropolitical Visitation be-
ing held in the Diocefs of Norwich, Anno 163$. Order was given by
Brent, as in other places, for Hailing in the Communion Table at the
Eaft end of the Chancel, and there to difpofe of it under the Eaftern
Wall, with the ends of it North and South. In order whereunto, it
was found neceiTary in many places to remove fuch Seats as had been
built in that end of the Chancel, for the ufe and eafe of private Per-
fons. The Church-wardens of St. Mary Towres in the Borough of
Jpjbich, a Town of great Wealth and Trade in the County of Suffolk^-,
refufing to remove ftich Seats, and advance the Table in their rooms,
were Excommunicated for their obftinacy and contempt, by one of
Brent's Surrogates for that Fixation. The Church-wardens, animat-
ed by fome of the Town , who had better Purfes than themfelves,
appeal unto the Dean of the Arches, and after exhibited a Bill in the
Star-chamber againft the Surrogate : but without remedy from either.
And on thefe terms the bufinefs ftood, when Wren fucceeded Corbet
in the See of Norwich? and looking upon Ipjwich as a place of great
influence and example on the reft of the Diocefs, took up his dwell-
ing in the lame. It was not long before he came to underftand, that
a great part of the opposition which was made as well againft himfelf^
as the Vicar-General, about the removing and railing in of the Holy
Table, proceeded from a Letter written from the Bilhop of Lincoln to
the Vicar of Grantham 3 which though it was written fome years fince^
and had long been dead 3 yet now it was revived again , and the
Copies of it Scattered in all parts of the Kingdom (the better to dis-
courage or difcountenance the Work in handj : but no where more
than in the Diocefs of Norwich, being next neighbour unto Lincoln,
and under the infpe&ion of a diligent and active Prelate. Some of
them coming to his Hand, and an Advertifement withal, That they
were ordinarily fold amongft the Bookfellers in Duckrlane in written
Copies, it was thought fit that an anfwer (hould be made unto it 5 in
Pp 2 which
296
The Life of W 1 l l i a m
PART H. which the Sophiftry, Miftakes, and Falfhoods of that Letter, whofo-
Anm T>om> ,ever was the Writer of it, might be made apparent ; Which Anfwer
1636. being made ready, approved, and licenced, was publifhed about the
W^rv^j middle of May, under the Title of A COAL front the A L T A R ,
or, AnAnJiver to a Letter not long (ince written to the Vicar ^/Grantham,
againji the placing of the Communion Table at the Eafi end of the Chan-
cel, 8cc As it cooled the heat of fome, foit inflamed the hearts of
others, not with Zeal, but Anger , the Book occafioning much vari*y>
ety of Dilcourfe on both fides, as men ftood varioufly affected in the
prefent Controverfie : But long it will not be before we (hall hear of a
Reply unto it, a Rejoynder unto that Reply, and other Writings fro
and con, by the Parties Intereffed.
But it had been to little purpofe to fettle a Conformity in Parochial
Churches, if Students in the Univerfities (theconftant Seminaries of
the Church) were not trained up to a good perfwafion of the Publick
Counfels : Upon which ground it had been prudently Ordained in
the Canons of the year 1603. n0t only, That the prescribed Form of
Common Prayer J/jould be ufed in all Colledges and Halls 5 but. That the
Fellows and Scholars of the faid Houfes flwuld wear the Surplice at thofe
Prayers on the Sundays and Holy-days, the better to inure them to it,
when they came to any Public^ Minijiry in their fever al Churches. Many
things hadbeen done at Cambridge in fome years laft paft, in order to
the Work in hand 5 as beautifying their Chappels, furniftiing them
with Organs, advancing the Communion Table to the place of the
Altar, adorning it with Plate and other Utenfilsfor the Holy Sacra-
ment, defending it with a decent Rail from all prophanations, and
ufing lowly Reverence and Adorations, both in their coming to thofe
Chappels, and their going out: But in moft Colledges, all things
ftood as they had done formerly 5 in fome there were no Chappels at
all, or at the beft, fome places ufed for Chappels, but never Confe*
crated. In Sidney Coll edge the old Dormitory of the Francifcans (on
the Site of which Friery the faid Colledge was built) was after fome
years trimmed and fitted, and without any formal Confecration con-
verted to a Houfe of Prayer ■> though formerly, in the opinion of thofe
who allowed thereof, it had been no better nor worfe than a Den
of Thieves. The Chappel of Emanuel Colledge, though built at the
fame time with the reft of the Houfe, was both irregular in the fitua-
tion , and never Confecrated for Divine and Religious ufes. And
whatlefs could this beget in the minds of the Students of thofe Hou-
fes, than an Opinion touching the indifferency of fuch Confecrations,
whether ufed, or not? and at the laft a politive Determination, That
tht continued Series of D IV IN E DVTIES in a place fit apart to that
purpofe, doth fufficiently Confecrate the fame? And what can follow
thereupon in fome traftof time, but the executing of all Divine Of-
fices in Private Houfes, the Ruine and Decay of Churches, the fell-
ing of their Materials, and alienating their Glebe andTythes to the
next fair Chapman? It is therefore thought expedient to carry on the
Vifitation to that Univerfity, and put fuch things in order there, as
were found in this. But againft thisthe Univerfity oppofed, pretend-
ing
Ltrd<iArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 297
ing an exemption from his Jurifdiction, by their ancient Priviledges 5 L I B. IV "
and that they had no Vifitor but hisMajefty only. But Canterbury , Anno Vonu
who before had over-ruled the like Plea in the Bifhop of Lincoln, 1636.
would not give way to this of Cambridge, which caufed the matter u<J*r"V*"^
on both fides to be thorowly canvafed : But neither yielding to the
other, and the Earl of Holland (tickling ftrongly for the Univerfity
(of which he had the Honour to be choien Chancellor on the death of
the Duke) the deciding of the Controverlie is referred to his Maje-
fty. On fuefday June 2 1 . they both appear before the King at Hamp-
ton-Court, where the Counfel of both fides being heard, it pleafedhis
Majefty to give Judgment for the Metropolitan, and to fubmit that
Univerfity to his Vilitation : But before any thing was done in it,
the Troubles in Scotland, and the Difturbances at home, kept it off
fo long, that a greater Vifitation fell upon the Vifitor, than could
havehapned unto them. Howfoever, the bare Reputation of it did
prevail fo far, that many who were ilack or fearful in embellifhing
their Chappels and publick Places of Divine Worlhip, went on more
confidently then before 5 infomuch that not only in the Chappels of
fome private Colleges, but in St. Maries Church it felf, being the
Publick Church of that Univerfity, the Table was railed in like an
Altar, towards which many of the Doctors, Scholars , and others
ufually bowed.
In Oxon. where he was more abfolute, he found lefscomptrol.
Chancellor of the Univerfity by their own Election, Vifitor of the
Colledges of All Souls and Merton in the right of his See, and fuch a
Patron to the reft, that he could hardly recommend that Affair unto
them, which they did not expedite. In many of their Letters and
Addrefies to him, they gave him the Title of HisHolinefs, and moji
Holy Father § which though appropriated to the Pope in the darker
Times, were generally communicated to all Chriftian Biftiops in the
clear Sun-uiine of the Gofpel. And on the other fide, in his Miffives
and Difpatches to them, he recommends himfelf unto their Devoti-
ons, befeeching them, That as often as they made their approaches (aj^r ojmb-
toward the Altar, they would remember him in their Prayers (a) to dumfitisme-
Almighty God. He had his breeding (as before was fad) in that ^"-f^
Univerfity, and could not chufe but know, That many of the old
Statutes were grown out of ufe by the change of Religion 5 others,
by long negleft and difcontinuance 5 fome never rightly underftood^
and all fo mingled and confounded , that it was very hard to fay
which of them were in force, which not 5 and yet all Students bound
to keep them under corporal Oaths, if not at their firft Matriculati-
ons , yet at their taking of Degrees. For remedy whereof, with
great pains and judgment, he digefted a new Body of Statutes, to
lerve as a perpetual ftanding Rule for their future Government, as
well in commanding as obeying : Which being firft lent down unto
them, advifedly confidered of, explained, corrected, and accommo-
dated to their beft advantages, were afterward revifed by him, and
upon full deliberation engrofled in Vellum, fairly bound, up, con-
firmed by his moft Sacred Majefty, and fo obtained the ftrength of
Laws:'
298 The Life o/W^liam
PAPvT IT. Laws: Received and publilhed for fuch in the Convocation, on Wed-
Anna Vom. nefday June 22. being the morrow after the Judgment had patted on
1695. his fide at Hampton-Court , for the Vifitation at Cambridge. And in
thofe Statutes^ he took care that the Vice-chancellor, Pro&ors, and all
EHchariftU*'" Proceeders, year by year in their feveral Faculties, (b) (hould make
Men/am cum tnejr Offerings with that due and accuftomed Reverence at the Holy
renl'ia IbUt'ia- Table. He procured alfo from his Majeftya Confirmation of their
nts faciant. former Priviledges over the Town, and an enlargement of them alfo
in ref pecl: of the Londoners : By which laft they were enabled to Print
all Books, which either his Majefties Printers or the Company of Sta-
tioners had engrolTed to themfclves, as Bibles,Common-Prayer Books,
Homilies, Grammars, &c. which brought them in a Compofition
of 200/. per Annum for the times enfuing. Nor could his Care and
Providence for the encouragement of Learning, be confin'd to this fide
of the Sea, the like courfe being taken by him fhortly after, as well for
reviling and perfecting the broken Statutes of the Colledge near Dub-
lin, as the enlarging of the Priviledges of that Univerfity.
And yet he could not hold his hand, till he had added Bounty and
Munificence to his former Cares. The tlniverfity of Oxon. was long
(a) Hebraic*, fince honoured with the Title of Generale Stnditim (a) , conferred
chM'tcf'A- ejpc -n t}ie formcr times, but the Univerfities of Pans in
rabtc*, Gr<ec£, r . 3 m _ .
LingK&Studi- France, Bononza in Italy, and Salamanca in Spain : In all which, by a
urn propaganda DecreGOf Pope clement the Fifth, in the Council of Vienna in France,
filbil'ifmis . Anno 1 5 1 1 . it was Ordained, That there JJjould be Profeffbrs of the He-
qiiatuor Euro- brew, Creek, Arabick, and Chaldean Languages: But it was only
^nftltuftur'&c. *° Ordained, no execution following on it till fome Ages after. The
ExAngd'.Ro- Arabic^ Tongue was known in Spain, by reafon of the great Com-
cha,p.2i4. jnand which the Moors had in that Country : but never entertained in
any of the other three. And as for the Hebrew, Creek , and chaldee,
thofe times were fo extremely ignorant of them, that the Study of the
Greek, Tongue was fufficient to condemn a man of Herefie'? and a fmall
{pattering in the Hebrew, made him (ubjedl: unto fome fufpicion of
Heretical Fancies. And (bit ftood till Reuchlin and Bud<eus in France^
Erafmus and Paulm Fagius in England, reftored again the Gree/^and
Hebrew to thofe feveral Nations. The Greeks fo coarfly entertained in
this Univerfity, whilft Erafmus taught it quietly enough at Cambridge,
that when a (b) Learned young man began publickly to readthe Greek.
cambrTdgf. Tongue there, he was encountred prefently in a poor but popular
88. declamation, with bafe and barbarous Revilings. But long it was
not before Cardinal Wolfey took a courfe to put this Univerfity into
a way of Nobler Studies, founding therein two Publick Leftures for
theGree^and Hebrew, with a liberal Salary ("according to the Stan -
dard of that timej of 40 A per Annum to either of them } which after-
wards being confirmed by King Henry viii. continued without further
encouragement and augmentation , till fuch time as Laud was come
to his AJcendcnf-, when by the Power and Favour which he had with
his Majefty, a Canonry in Chrift-Church was annexed perpetually to
the Publick Profeflbr for the Hebrew, Doctor John Morris being the
firft who enjoyed the benefit of »Iku Grant: By means whereof, the
Hebrere
LordzArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 299
Hebrew and chaldau\ Tongues, which, few in Oxon. underftopd when LIB. -jy4
I firft came thither, became to befo generally embraced,aini fochear- Anno'vem
fully ftudied, that it received a wonderful proficiency, and that too, 1636.
in a (hotter time than a man <can eafily imagine : So great a Spur the l^V"""'^
hope of Honour and Preferments, gives to Arts and Languages. Eut
.all this while,; the Aral>ic\vjzs utterly; laid afide in thefe parts of Eu-
rope'-, till, in conformity to the faid Decree of the Council ho'den at
Vienna, it came into our Archbifbops mind toeftabliQi a Publick Le-
cture inthat Language alibi which having for a long time taken up
histhoughts, was at laft effected :. The firft Leclure in that Language,
readpublickly on the tenth of Auguji in this prefent year } a Revenue
of 40 /./w -Annum fetled upon the Univerfity for the maintenance of
it, his firft Profellcr in that Tongue being Edward Tocock^, Fellow
of Corpus Chrifii Colledge, one who had fpent, much time in the Fa-
ctory of Aleppo , and other places of the Eaft, returning home well
ftudied in all the Languages of thofe Countries. And that Rjietoricl^
might thrive as well under his Encouragements, as Grammar and the
Tongues were in a hopeful way to do, he obtained from his Majefty
another Canonry in Chrifi-Church, to be annexed for ever to the Ora-.
tors place, (whofe yearly Penfion till that time was but twenty No-
bles.) In joyned firft by Dr. William strode, admitted thereunto on the
firft of July, Anno 1638. and after his deceafeby Dv. Henry Hammond,
Anno 1644.
Such were the benefits which the Univerfity received from him in
this prefent year. And that he might bothdo himfelf and the Univer-
fity fome honour in the eye of the Kingdom, he invites the King, the
Queen, the Prince Eleaor, and his Brother, to an Academical enter-
tainment, onthetwenty ninth day of Auguji then next following, be-
ing the Anniverfary day, on which the Prelidentftiip of St. Johns Col-
ledge was adjudged to him by King James. The time being come,
and the Univerfity put into a pofture for that Royal Vifit, their Ma-
lefties were firft received with an eloquent Speech as he palled by the
houfe, being dire&ly in his way betwixt Woodfiock^ and Chriji-church, '
not without great honour to the Colledge, that the Lord Archbiflhop,
the Lord Treafurer, the Chancellor , the Vice-Chancellor, and one
of the Proftors fhould be at that time of the fame F oundatiom A t
Chrijl-Chitrch his Majefty was entertained with another Oration by
Strode, the Univerfity Oratour^the Univerfity prefentinghis Majefty
with a fair and coftlypair of Gloves (as their cuftom was) the ^ucen
with a fair Englifh Bible, the Prince Elc&or with Hookers Books of
Ecclefiajiical P. litie, his Brother Rupert with C£fars Commentaries in
Englijh, iHuftrated by the learned Explanations and Difcourfesof Sir
Clement Edmonds. His Majefty was lodged in Chrift-church. in the
great Hall whereof (one of thegdodlieft in the World) hewas enter-
tained, together with the Queen, the two Princes, and the reft of the
Court, with an Englifh Comedy, (butfuch as had more of thePhilo-
fopherthan the Poet in it) called, Pajjtons Calmed, or the fettling of
the Floating Ijlands. On the morrow morning, being Tuefday, he be-
gan with a Sermon. Preacht before him in that Cathedral on thefe
words
The Life of W^liam
PART H. words of St. Luke, viz. Blejjedis the King that cometh in the name of the
Anno Do**' Lord, peace in heaven, and glory in the higheji, Luke 19. 58. The Ser-
1696. mon being ended, the Archbifhop, as Chancellor of the Univerfity,
r^A^I calls a Convocation, in which he admits the Prince Ele&or, his Brother
Prince Rupert, and many of the chief Nobility to the degree of jfl/a-
fters of Art 3 and that being done, attends the King and Queeri to St.
Johns Colledge. Where in the new Gallery of his own building, he
entertains the King and Queen,the two Princes, with all the Lords and
Ladies of the Court, at a ftately and magnificent Dinner, the King
and Queen fitting at one Table at the South end of the Room 3 the
two Princes, with the Lords and Ladies, at a long Table, reaching al-
moft from one end to the other 3 at which all the Gallantry and beau-
ties of the Kingdom feemed to meet. Nor did he make Provifion on-
ly for thofe two Tables, but every Office in the Court had their fe-
veral diets, difpofed of in convenient places for their reception with
' great variety of Achates, not only fufficient for contentment, but for
admiration. After dinner he entertains his principal Guefts with a
pleafant Comedy, prefented in the publick Hall 5 and that being done,
attends them back again to Chriji-Church, Where they were feafted
, after Supper with another Comedy, called, The Royal slave 3 the
Enterludes reprefented with as much variety of Scenes and motions
as the great wit of Inigo Jones ("Surveyor General of his Majefties
Works, and excellently well skilled in fettingoutaCourt-j!/^**; to
the beft advantage) could extend unto. It was the day of St. Felix
C as himfelf obferveth) and all things went happily. On Wednefday the
next morning the Court removed, his Majefty going that lame night
to Winchester, and the Archbilhopthe fame day, entertaining all the
Heads of Houfes at a folemn Feaft, order being given at his depar-
ture, that the three Comedies (hould be afted again,for the content and
fatisfaction of the Univerfity, in the fame manner as before, but only
with the Alteration of the Prologues and Epilogues.
But to return unto the publick. On the fame day in which the new
Statutes were received at Oxon. he procured a Supplement to be ad*
ded to the old Statutes of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, touch-
ing the letting of their Lands. Some Informations had been given, that
the Deans and Frebends of thofe Churches had enricht themfelves,
their Wives and Children by taking great Fines, for turning leafes of
twenty one years into leafes for lives, leaving their SuccefTors deftitute
of that growing means, which otherwife might come in to help them.
This was the outfide of thebufinefs, but the chief motive to it was, that
the Gentry and Yeomanry ("and fomeof the Nobility alfo) holding
Lands of thofe Churches, might have a greater relpeft to the Church
and Church-men, when they muft depend upon them from time ta
time for renewing of their faid Eftates at the end of every ten or
twelve years at the moft. For though it be alike lawful by the Law
of the Land, i$.Eliz.c. 20. to make Leafes of three lives, or one and
twenty years, at the pleafure of the Dean and Chapter 3 yet the dif-
ference is fo great between them,that once a Tenant to my knowledge,
after a Leafe for three lives had continued 29 years in being, chofe
rather
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury.
rather to give a Fine for the change of one life than to take a new LIB. IV*
Leafe of 21 years without paying any thing. AH which his Majefty Anno ~Dom.
taking into his Princely consideration, he caufed Letters under his [63 6.
Royal Signatures be fent to all the Deans and Chapters of this King- ^^V^J
dom refpe&ively, "Calling and commanding them upon pain of his
"utmoftdifpleafure, that they prefumed not to let any Leafe belong-
"ingto their Church into lives, which was not in lives already 5 and
<c further that when any fair opportunity was offered (ifany fuch be}
cc they fail not to reduce fuch as are in lives, into years*, requiring
"further that thofehis Majefties faid Letters ftiould be exemplified in
"the Regifter-books of the faid Churches, and preferved in the Re-
"gifteriesof the Bifhopsof their feveral Diocels, to the end that the
" faid Bifhop might take notice of their doing therein, and give his
" Majefty and his Succeffbrs notice thereof, if any prefumed todif-
cc obey. And in regard that fome of the Deans of the faid Cathedrals
were a Corporation of themfelves, and held their Lands diftincl: from
the reft of their Chapters*, a claufe was added to thofe Letters topre-
fervethofe Lands for the benefit of their SucceiTors, as formerly in his
Majefties Inftrucrions for ordering and difpofingthe Lands of Bifhops
on the like occafions. His Majefty therefore firft declares, That he
hadtaken order by his late Inftrudtions, that noBijhop foould let any Leafe
after they had been named to a better Bijhopric\, but had not therein
named the Deans, as he therein intended. And therefore fecondly, That
no Dean fiould pre fume from thenceforth, after his being named to a Bi-
{bopricl^, or a better Deanry, to renew any Leafe either into lives or years :
His Majejiy having well obferved, that at fuch times of remove many men
care not what or how they let their Eliates, to the prejudice of the Church
and their succeffors. Which Letters bear date at Greenwich in the
twelfth year of his Reign, June27«
Nor was he lefs careful to preferve the Parochial Clergy from be-
ing oppreffed by their neighbours in rates and taxes than he had been
in maintaining the Eftatesof Capitular bodies, for the greater honour
of thofe bodies at the prefent time, and the benefit of Succeffion for
the time to come. During the Remifs Government of King James,
his Majefties late embroylments with France and Spain, and his en-
tanglements at home, the Hollanders had invaded the Regality of the
Narrow Seas, and queftioned the property of his Dominion in the
fame 5 not only growing to fuch an height of infolency, astodifpute
their ftriking Sail in palling by any of his Majefties Ships: butpub-
lifhing a Difcourfein'Latine, called. Mare Liberum, in defence the re-
of. Thefe affronts occafionedMy, the Atturney-General, to put his
Majefty in mind of fettingouta ftrong power of Ships for therecovery
of his Rights againft all pretenders. And the better to enable him
for it, advifeth hina to feton foot the old Naval Aide, required of the
Subject by his PredecefTors. He was a man extreamly well verfed in
old Records, with which confulting frequently in the courfe of his ftu-
dies, he had excerpted and laid by many notes and precedents for the
Kings levying of fuch Naval Aide upon the Subjects, by his own Au-
thority, whenfoeverthe prefervation and fafetyof the Kingdom did
Q_9 require
302 The Life o/William
PART II. require it of them, which Notes and Precedents he had taken as they
Anno Vom- came in his way, in fmall pieces of Paper (mod: of them no bigger
1636. than ones hand J he kept in the Coffin ofaPye, which had been fent
\^f^s/m^J him by his Mother, and kept there till the mouldineG and corrupti-
blenefs had perifbed many of his Papers. And by thefe Notes it did
appear, that many times in the fame years, wherein the Kings had
received Subfidies by way of Parliament, they levied this Naval Aide
by their own,Jble power. For if fas he difcourfed it to me at his
houfenear Brentford) the King wanted money, either to fupport his
own expences, or for the enlarging of his Dominions in Foreign Con-
quefts, or otherwise to advance his honour in the eye of the World,
good reaionheuhould be beholden for it to the love of his People. But
if the Kingdom was in danger, and that the fafety of the Subject was
N concerned in the bufinefs, he might, and did raife fuch fums of mo-
ney as he thought expedient for the preventing of the danger, and
providing for the publick fafety of him and his Subjects. According
to which precedents he prepares a Writ, by which his Majefty com-
- mandeth the Maritime Counties to provide a certain number of Ships
fordefenceof the Kingdom, prefcribing to each Ship its feveral bur-
den, the number of Mariners, and great Pieces or Ordnance, with
Victuals, Arms, and Ammunition thereunto proportioned. The Sub-
ject not daring at the firftto difpute the Command, collected money
for the Service according to the feveral rates impofed on them in their
feveral Counties } but dealt fo unmercifully with the Clergy in the
v. levying of it, that they laid upon them generally the fifth or fixth part
of the turn impofed. The Ice thus broken, and his Majefty finding
that provifion not fufficient to effect his purpofe, iflued out his Writs
in the next year after, Anno 1 63 5 .into all the Counties of the Kingdom
for preparing of a Royal Fleet to be in readinefsagainft the beginning
of this year, in which the Clergy were as like to fuffer as before they
did. But the belt was, that they had not only a gracious Patron, but
a very powerful Mediator, Upon whofe humble defire his Majefty
waspleafed to direct his Letters to all the Sheriffs in England refpe-
dtively, requiring them that no Tax (bould be laid upon any Cler-
gy-man, pofleft of a Parfonage, above the tenth part of the Land"
rate of their feveral Parifhes, and that consideration fhould be had of
the poor Vicars in their feveral Parifhes according to their fmall reve-
nue, compared with the Abilities of the Parifhioners amongft whom
they lived. The whole Sum levied by this Tax amounted to 236000/.
or thereabouts, which comes not to 20000 /. a month 3 and being in-
ftead of all other payments, feemed to be no fuch heavy burthen as it
was generally made by the Popular Party, many of which quarrelled
and refufed it.
But his Majefty was too juft a Prince to exact any thing by power,
when he had neither Law nor Realbn to make it good. And therefore
as he had the opinion of all his Judges fubferibed by their hands for
juftifying the Legality of this Naval Tax amongft the Subjects 5 fo
he thqught fit to pubhlhfome defence of his Dominion, Right, and
Sovereignty in the Narrow Seas for the fatisfaction of his Neighbours.
John
Lord^ArchbiJhop of Canterbury. ^03
John Selden of the Inner Temple, a name that Hands in need of no TV- LIB. \y.
ties of honoured written a Difcourfe in the time of Kingjtawc/,which Anno Vom,
Cinanfwer to that of Crotius, called, Mare Liberum) he intituled by i 6 % 6
the name of Mare Claufim. But ftomaching the fubmiffion and ac-
knowledgment which he was forced to make in the High Commijfion
for publilhing his book of Tythes, and fenfible of the (mart which he
had found from the Pens of Tillefiy, Montague, and Nettles, in their
Anfwersto him, he did not only fupprefsthe Book which he had writ-
ten in the Kings defence, but carried an evil eye to the Court and
Church for alongtimeafter.But being a man of great pa rts3and eminent
in the retired walks of Learning, he was worth the gaining, which
Canterbury takes upon him, and at laft effeð. By his perfwafion
he not only perfected, but publifhed that laborious piece, which he
dedicated to his Majefty, whofe caufe he pleaded. By whom it was
fo well approved, that he fent it by Sir William Bcecher ("one of the
Clerks of his Council) to the Barons of the Exchequer in open Courts
by them to be laid up as a mod: ineftimable Jewel amongft the choice
Records, which concerned ,the Crowns. In this book, which came
out this year, he firft ailerts the Soveraignty or Dominion of the
Brittiih Seas to the Crown of England. And that being cleared, he pro-
vedby conftant and continual pradice,that the Kings of Englandufed
to levy money from the Subjedrsfwithout help of Parliamentjfor the
providing of Ships and other neceffaries to maintain the Soveraignty
which did of right belong unto them. This he brought downnmto
the times of King Henry the Second, and might have brought it nearer
to his own times had he been fo pleafed, and thereby paved a plain
way to the payment of ship-money, as they commonly called it.
But then he tnuft have croft the proceedings of the Houfe of Com-
mons in the laft Parliament, ("wherein he was fo great a ftickler)
voting down under a kind of Anathemaxhz Kings pretentions of right
to all help from the Subject, either in Tonnage and Poundage, or any o-
ther wny whatfoever, the Parliament not cooperating and contri-
buting towards it. Howfoever the Service was as grateful as the Au-
thor acceptable, from henceforth both a frequent and a welcom gueft
at Lambeth houfe. where he was grown into fuch efteem with the Arch-
bifhop, that he might have chofe his own preferment in the Court
(as it was then generally believed J had he not undervalued all other
employments in refpeft of his Studies. But pollibly there might be
fome other reafon for his declining fuch imployments as the Court
might offer. He had not yet forgotten the affronts which were put
upon him about his Hiftory of Tythes, (for in the notion of affronts
he beheld them alwaies) and therefore did but make fair weather for
the time, till he could have an opportunity to revenge himfelf on the
Church and Church-men, the King being took into the reckoning.
For no fooner did the Bifnop begin to fink in power and credit under
the firft prefTures of the late Long Parliament, but he publifhed a book
in Greek andLatineby the name Eutichyus, with fome Notes upon it.
In which he made it his chief bufinefs to prove, that Bifhops did no
otherwife differ from the reft of the Presbyters then doth a Mafter
Q_q 2 of
3°4
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. of a Colledge from the reft of the Fellows, by confequents,that they
Anno Uor*. differed only in degree, not order. And afterwards, when his Majefty
1696. began to decline in the love of the Parliament, and that the heats
rwC^ grew ftrong between them, he was affirmed to ha ve written the An-
fwer to his Majefties Declaration about the Commijfton of Array :
Which in effeft proved a plain putting of the Sword into the hands of
the People. So hard it is for any one to difcern the hearts of men by
their outward actions, but the God that made them.
Thus leaving England for a time we muft go for Scotland, in which
we find the Canons finifbed, andtheBifhops bufie and intent on a pub-
lick Liturgie. It was his Majefties firft intent to introduce the Eng-
lifl) Liturgie amongft them 5 and to that end, had ordered that it
ftiould be daily read in his Chappel Royal of that Kingdom, as before
was faid. But Ballentine, theBifhop of Dumblaine, and Dean of the
Chappel (to whom the care thereof had been recommended) was fo
negligent in it, that the Archbifhop found it neceffary to remove
him to fbme other Bifhoprickon the next avoidance. The See of
Aberdeen proving vacant, he procured his tranflation thither,and pre-
ferred Wederbourne, a Scotby birth, but bred in Cambridge, beneficed
in HampJInre, and made one of the Prebends of Ely by the learned An-
drews, to be his SuccefTor in thofe places. By this new Dean his Ma-
jefties defign was followed with more care then ever 5 and poflibly
might have took effecl:, if the reft of the ScottiJI) Bifhops had been
pleaded therewith as well as this. But the scottijf) Bifhops having
prevailed with his Majefty, as before was noted, to have a diftinft
Liturgie of their own, His Majefty commanded the Archbifhop of
- Canterbury to give them the beft affiftance he could in that way and
work 5 which notwithftanding he delayed as long as he could, in hope
to bring them in the end to a better perfwafion. But finding them Co
refolved upon it, that they could not be altered, he contributes his
affiftance to it, humbly intreated foto do by fome Letters brought
unto him by Maxwell (not long before made Biftiop of Rofi) bearing
date April 2. 1635. and fubferibed by the Archbimops of St. Andrews
and Glafcow , the Bifhops of Murrey, Dumblaine, and Brechine, The
Book being firft hammered and prepared in Scotland, and from thence
tranfmitted to the Court, his Majefty referred it to the confidera-
tion of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, the Lord Treafurer Juxon Bi-
ftiop of London, and Wren Bifhop of Norwich : But the Lord Treafurer
being taken up with other imployments, the burden of the work re-
mained on the other two. They found on the perufal of it that
Wederbourne had followed fuch inftrudfionsashehad carried with him
about the making of that Book ("if it muft be made) in keeping fo
much in it of the Englijk Liturgie, and they found alfo certain notes
which he had fent together with it, to the end that as many of them
as his Majefty liked, might be made ufe of in that book. Thus au-
thorifed and inftru&ed they proceed unto the making of fuch Alte-
rations as were offered to them, confifting for the moft part inthefe
Particulars : Firft, That the Magnificat and the reft of the Hymns,
together with the Epiftles and Gofpels, JJwuld be Printed according to
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury, 305
the laji Tranjlation in tie time of King James 5 conform therein to fitch LIB. IV.
Directions as they had received for Printing the Pfalms of David in AnnoVom.
the laji Tranjlation. Secondly, That for the better (ingwg of thofe 1636.
Pfalms to the Organ, a Colon Jlwnld be made in the middle of every U^"V^J
Verfe, as it was in the Englifh. 1 hirdly, That they could not agree to
any more Emendations in the Creed of Saint Athanafius, than they had
noted in that look. Fourthly, That though the BiJIwps there defired ■
fbme time to consider further of the Holy days, yet it was never other-
wife meant , but that the Office anointed for every of them, flrould be
kept in the Liturgie 5 the Practice and Obfervation of them being refpit-
ed for a time to their further thoughts. Fifthly, That though they ad-
mitted of all the Sentences which they found in the Offertory, yet they
wifhed that fome which were in the Englifh Book.-, might be added alfb.
Sixthly, That every Tray er or AcJion through the whole Communion, Jliould
be named in the Kubrick before it, that it might be known to the People
what it is } as they Jlwuld find done to their hands in the Prayer of Con-
fecration, and the Memorial of Oblation next after following. Seventh-
ly, That the Invitation, Confeffion, Abfolution, Sentences, Prefaces,
and Doxologie, Jljould be retained in the fame place and Order which
they had in the Liturgie of England 5 and that the Prayer of humble Ac cefs
to the Holy Table, would fland very well (as they conceived) before the
very Ai~t of Participation. Eighthly, and finally. That in the Margin
of the Prayer of Confecration, they Jlwnld adde fbme Note, directing him
that Celebrates, at what words he fijould take the Patin with the Bread on
it, and the Chalice with the Wine in it, into his hands, according to the
TracJiceof the Church of England.
Thefe Alterations being not only made by his Majefties Warrant,
and approved by him in a Memorial under his Hand, bearing date the
nineteenth day of April in this prefent year 5 but confirmed alfo with
the likeR.oyal Signature as they flood in the Book : Of which Parti-
culars, and fome others, theBifhop gives an account to Wederbourne
by his Letters of the twentieth of April, being the morrow after his
Majefty had Signed the faid Memorial. It feems that Wederbourne
had given our Archbifhop notice of fome defects which he had found
in the Book of Confecration of Archbifhops, Bifhops, <&c. as it was
then ufed amongftthe Scets, viz. i. That the Order of Deacons was
made but a Lay-Office at the befi, as by that Book, might be underflood.
And 2. That in the AdmiJJion to the Priefthood, the very effential words
of conferring Orders were left out. With which the King being made
acquainted, he gave command to the Archbifhop to make known un-
to them. That he would have them either to admit the Englifh Boot,
or elfe to reftifie their own in thofe two great over-fights. After
which, taking the whole bufinefs of that Church into his considera-
tion 5 it pleafed him to direct his Further InfiruStions to the Archbifhops
and Bifhops of it, bearing date on the eighteenth of October follow-
ing. In which he requires them to take care, " That the Proclamation
ecto be made for Authorising the service-Boo^ ftiouldnot derogate
" in any thing from his Royal Prerogative. 2. TThat in their Kalendar
"they fhould keep fuch Catholick Saints as were in the Englijhfxxch of
"the
306 The Life of W illiam
PART II. "the Saints as were moft peculiar to that Kingdom (efpcially thofe
Anno Vom. "which were of the Royal Blood, and fome of the moft holy Bi-
1636. "fhopsj) being added to them: but that in no cafe St. George and St.
V-^V^kJ " Patricl^be omitted. 3. That in their Book of Ordination, in giving
cc Orders to Presbyters, they fhould keep the words of the Englifi Book
"without change. Receive the Holy Ghofi, &c. 4. That they fhould
" infert among the LeJJbns ordinarily to be read in the Service, out of
"the Book of Wifdom the firft, fecond, third, fourth, fifth, and fixth
"Chapters, and out of the Book of Ecclefiafiicus, the firft, fecond,
« fifth, eighth, thirty fifth, and forty ninth Chapters. 5. That every
" Bifhop within his Family twice a day caufe the Service to be. read 5
"and that all Archbifhops and Bifhops make all Univerfitiesand Col-
" ledges within their Dioceffes, to ufe daily twice a day the service,
" 6. That the Preface to the Book of Common Prayer, Signed by his
" Majefties Hand, and the Proclamation for Authorifing the fame,
"fhould be Printed, and inferted in the Book of Common Prayer.
According to which Infiru&ions, and the Corrections above-mention-
ed, t\i\s Liturgies, thelaft (after it had been twenty years in confede-
ration J was fully finifhed and concluded 5 and being thus finifhed
and concluded, was Ratified and Confirmed by his Majefties Royal
Edict, as followeth, viz.
H A R L ES By the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France
and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Stc. To OurLowts
c
Meffengers, Our sheriffs in that part conjunctly and fiver ally, fpecially
confiitute, Greeting. Forafmuch as We, ever f/nce Our entry to the Im-
perial Crown of this Our ancient Kingdom of Scotland, efpecially ftnee
Our late being here in the fame, have divers times recommended to the
Archbifhops and Bifiops there, the publifijing of a Publicly Form of Service
in the Worfl)ipof God, which We would have uniformly obfiried therein,
and the fame being now condefcended unto : Although We doubt not but
all our SubjetJs, both Clergie and others, will receive the fad Public^
Form of Service 5 yet thinking it neceffiry to make Our Pleafure known^
touching the Authority thereof, Our Willis, and We firaigltl) command.
That incontinent thefe Our Letters feen, you pafs, and in Our Name and
Authority command and charge all our Subjects both Ecckfiafiical and
Civil, by open Proclamation at the Market -Croffes of the Head Burroughs
of this Our Kindom, and other Places needful, to conform them/elves to
the faid Publicly Form of Worfijip , which is the only Form which We
(having taken the Counfel of Our clergie) thinly fit to be ufed in Gods
Public^ Worfinp in this Our Kingdom ; Commanding alfo all Arckbifiops
and Bi fiwps, and other Presbyters and Church-men , to take a fpecial
care that the fame be duly obeyed and obferved, and the Contravencrs con-
dignly cenfured and punifjed i to have Jgecial care that every Parifl)
betwixt this and Pafche next , procure unto themfelves two at the
lea.fi of the faid Bookj of Common-Prayer, for the ufe of the Pa-
rijh 5 The which to do , We commit to you cot?jun£tly and fiver ally Our
full Power by thefe Our Letters Patents , delivering the. fame to be by
you
0
Lord<tArchbiJJoop of Canterbury. ^07
you duly executed , and endorfed again to be delivered to -the Bearer. L I B. IV
Given under Our Signet at Edenborou'gh, 20 December, in the Anno Doth,'
Twelfth year of Our Pveign, 1636. 1636.*
Such wa? the form of Puffing and Confirming the Scottif) Liturgie,
never preferred to that Kirl^, nor rendred to the Approbation of any
Gener.il Ajfernbly h as in the tleititution of Epifcopal Government,
and Introduction of the five Articles of Perth, had been done before.
And this is that at whidvthe ScottiJI) Prefbyters did feemto be molt
offended t (uniciently difpleafed with any Liturgie at all, but more
in having fuchan one as cither was fo near the Englifi, or fo different
from it. Which fault, if any fault it were, is rather to be charged
upon the scottifi than the Engliflj Prelates. For when the way of in-
troducing it was in agitation, our Archbifhop ever advifed them, as
well in his Majefties prefence, as elfewhere, cc To look carefully to HidlWorhf
cc it, and to be fure to do nothing in it but what fhould be agreeable p«i 55*
"to the Laws of the Kingdom} and not to fail of taking the Advice
ccof the Lords of the Council, and governing themfelves according
"to it. But as it feems, thofe Bifhops durft not trull: their Clergy,
or venture the reception or refufal of it to the Vote of a General Af-
fembly, from which they could not promife themfelves any good fuc-
cefs. So that the Cafe feems to be much like that of King Edward vi.
when the firft Liturgie was Compofed by fome few of "the Bilhopss
and other Learned men ("not above thirteen in number J efpecially
thereto Authorifed : Or unto that of Queen Elizabeth, when the fe-
cond Liturgie of that King was fitted and corrected by her appointment.
Neither of which durft truft their Clergy , but acted Sovereignly
therein of their own Authority , not venturing either of the (aid
Books to their Convocations : but only giving them the ftrength of art
Act of Parliament 5 and then the Point in iffue will be briefly this, viz,
Whether the King, confulting with a lejjer part of the Bifwps avdckrgie,
and having their confent therein, may conclude any thing in the way of
a Reformation, the refidue and greatefl part not advifed withal, nor
yielding their confent in a formal way f Now for my Anfwcr, that it
may be built upon the furer grounds, it is to be confidered, 1 . Whe-
ther the Reformation be in corruption of Manners, or abufes in Go-
vernment? Whether in matters practical, or in points of DoCfrine.
2. If in matters pra&ical^ Whether fuch Practice have the Character ■/
of Antiquity, Vniverfality, and Confent imprinted on it? or that it be
the Practice of particular Churches, and of fome Times only ? And 3.
If in points of DoUrine, Whether fuch Points have been determined
of before in a General Council, or in Particular Councils univerfally re-
ceived and countenanced ? or are to be defined de novo on emergent
Controverfies?
And thefe Diftinctions ^eing thus laid, I (hall Anfwer briefly. 1 . If
the things to be reformed be either Corruptions in Manners, or neg-
lect of Publick Duties to Almighty God, Abufes either in Govern-
ment, or the Parties governing 3 the King may do it of himfelf, by his
fo!e Authority : The Clergy are beholden to him5 if he takes any
of
*
3oS
The Life of W 1 L L 1 A m
PART II. of them along with him when he goes about it. And if the Times
Anno Vom. (hould be fo bad, that either the whole body of the Clergy, or any
1636. fthough the greateft) part thereof, (hould oppofe him in it, he may
r^A-^n g0 forwards notwithstanding, punifhing fuch as (hall gainfay him
in fo good a Work, and compelling others. And this I look on as
a Power annexed to the Regal Diadem, and fo infeparably annexed,
that Kings could be no longer Kings, if it were denied them. And
on the other fide, if the Reformation be in Points of Do&rine, and
in fuch Points of Doctrine as have not been before defined, or not
defined inform and manner as before laid down, the King only, with
a few of his Bifhopsand Learned Clergy fthough never fo well ftu-
died in the Point difputedj can do nothing in it. That belongs only
to the whole body of the Clergy in their Convocation rightly called
and conftituted \ whole Acts being Ratified by the King, bind not
alone the reft of the Clergy, in whofe name they Voted : but all the
refidue of the Subjects of what fort foever, who are to acquiefce in their
Refolutions. But ifthethingtobei^ejOr^/^ be a matter Pratfical, we
are to look into the ufage of the Primitive times : And if the Practice
prove to have been both ancient, and univerfally received over all
the Church, though intermitted for a Time^ and by Time corrupted,
the King- confulting with fo many of his Bifhops, and others of his mod:
able Clergy, as he thinks fit to call unto him, and having their Confertt
and Direction m it, may in the cafe ofc inter mi jjlon revive fuch PraUice^
and in the cafe of corruption and degeneration^ reftore it to its Primitive
and Original Luftre. Now that there (hould be Liturgies for the ufe
of the Churchj and that thofe Liturgies fhould be Celebrated in a
Language underftood by the People, That in thofe Liturgies there
{hould be fome prefcribed Forms, for Giving the Communion in
both Kinds, for Baptizing Infants, for the reverent Celebration of
Marriage, performing the laft Office to the Sick, and the decent Bu-
rial of the Dead , as alfo, for fet Fafts and appointed Feftivals, hath
been a thing of Primitive and General Practice in the beft times of the
Church: And being fuch, though intermitted and corrupted as before
is faid, the King advifing with his Bifhops and other Church-men
fthough not in a synodical way J may caufe the fame to be revrfed and
revived j and having fitted them to Edification and encreafeof Piety,
either commend them to the Church by his fole Authority, or elfe
impofe them on the People under certain Penalties by his Power in
(a)S^cC«« Parliament, (a) The Kingdom of Heaven ( faid the Reverend Lridore
lejle Regnum of Sevil) doth many times receive increafe from thcfe Earthly Kingdoms ;
perTerrt- in nothing mere, than by regulating and well ordering of Gods Tublick.
mm prof civ Worflrip. Add hereunto what was before alledged, for paffing the
Canons m the Came way and then we have the fum of that which was,
and probably might have been pleaded in defence hereof.
The profecution ofthis Liturgie on the one fide, and the exaftion of
thofe Publick Orders on the other, kindled fuch fires in the breafts of
fomeof the Puritan Fa&ion, that prefently they brake out into open
Flames. For firft the Scots (battered abroad a virulent and feditious
Libel in the year 1634. wherein the King was not only charged with
altering
Lord tArcbbiJbof of Canterbury. 509
altering the Government of that Kingdom, but traduced tor very LIB. IV.
ftrong inclinations to the Religion of the Church of Rome. The Chief AnnoVonu
Abettor whereof ( for the Author was not to be found) was the Lord 1636.
BalmerinO'-, for which he Was Legally convi&ed, and condemned of i^V^sS
Treafon : but pardoned by the Kings great Goodnefs, and by that Par-
don kept alive for the mifchiefs following. And as the Englijh had
Scotized in all their Praclifes (by railing, threatning, and ftirring up
of Sedition) for bringing in the Genevian Difcipline in Queen Eliza-
bet hs Time} fo they refolveto follow their Example now. BaJiwicJ^
a Doctor of Phyfich^ (the fecond part of Leighton) firft leads the Dance,
beginning with' a Peftilent Pamphlet called Flagellum Epifcoporum
Latialium, malicioufly venomous againft the Bilhops, their Fun&ion,
A&ions, and Proceedings. But this not being likely to do much hurt
amongft the People, becaule writ in Latine, he feconds it with ano-
ther, which he called his Litany, in the Englijh Tongue: A Piece fo
filly and contemptible, that nothing but the Sin and Malice which ap-
peared in every line thereof could poffibly have preferved it from
being ridiculous. Vrynne follows next, and publifheth two Books at
once(or one immediately on the other Jone of thefe called The Quench-
Coal, in anfwer unto that called A Coal from the Altar, againft placing
the Communion-Table Altarwife : The other named The Vnbifhoping
of Timothy and Titus, againft the Apoftolical Inftitution of Diocefan
Bijliops. But that which was entituled to him by the name of a Libel^
was, The News from Ipfwich i intended chiefly againft Wren then Bi-
Ihop of Norwich, who had taken up his dwelling in that Town, as be-
fore is faid : but falling as fcandaloufly. foul on the Archbifhop him-
felf, and fome of the other Biftiops alfo, and fuch as a&ed under thern
in the prefent Service. For there he defcants very trimly (as he con-
ceived) on the Archbiftiop himfelf, with his Arch-Piety, Arch-Charity^
Arch- Agent for the Devil, that Beelzebub himfelf had been Archbijhop,
and the like to thoje, a mojl triumphant Arch indeed to adorn his v0om
ries* With like reproach he falls on the Bifhops generally, calling
them Luciferian Lord Bijhops, execrable Traytors, devouring Wolves^
with many other odious names not fit to be ufed by a Chriffian 5 and
more particularly on Wren^ telling us, That in all Queen Maries time
no fuch havock^ was made in fo fhort a time of the Faithful Minijlers
of God in any part, nay, in the whole Land, than had been made in his
Diocefs. And then he adds with equal Charity and Truth, That Cor*
bet, Chancellor to this Bifljop, had threatned one or two godly Minijiers
with Pijiolling, and Hanging, and I know not what, becaufi they hadre-
frfedto read his Majejlies Declaration about lawful Sports. More of this
difh I could have carved, but that this may ferve fufficiently for a taftfe
of the whole.
But the great Mafter-piece of mifchief, was (et out by Burton (fo
often mentioned "before) who Preaching on the fifth of November, in
his own Parifti Church of St. Matthews in Friday Street, took for his
Text thofe words in the Proverbs, viz. My son, fear thou the Lord and
the King, and meddle not with them that are given to charigey Chap. 24.
22. In this sermon (if I may wrong the Word fo far as to give it to fo
R r lewd
PART II. lewd a Libel) he rails mod bitterly againft the Bifhops, accufeththem
Anna , P«m. of Innovating both in Doctrine and Worfhip, impeacheth them of
1637. exercifing a Jurifdidtion contrary to the Laws of the Land, 1. Edw.6.
V-^V^J c. 2. and for falfifying the Records of the Church by adding the firft
claufe to the twentieth Articles arraigneth them for opprefling the
Kings Liege people, contrary unto Law and Juftice, exciting the peo-
ple to rife up againft them, magnifying thofe difobedient Spirits,
who hithertohave ftood out in defiance of them; and feems content
in cafe the Bifhops lives might be called inqueftion, to run the hazard
of his own. For this being taken and imprifoned by a warrant from
the High Commijjion, he makes his appeal unto the King, juftifies it
by an Apology, and feconds that by an Addrefs to the Nobility : In
which laft he requires all forts of People, Noblemen, Judges, Cour-
tiers, and thofe of the inferiour fort, to ftand up ftoutly for the Cof-
pel againft the Bilhops. And finally Prints all together with an Epi-
ftle Dedicatory to the King himfelf; to the end that if his Majefty
fhould vouchfafe the reading of it, he might be brought into an ill o-
pinion of the Bifhops and their proceedings in the Church. Whofe
^ actions tend only fas he tellpth usj to corrupt the King9good peoples
hearts, By caftingintothem fears and jealoufies, and finifter opinions
toward the King 5 as if he were the prime caufe of all thofe Grievances*
which in his name they opprefs the Kings good Subjects withal. Thus
p. 75. alfo in another place, Thefe Factors of Antichrijl (faith hej prattife
to divide Kings from their Subjects, and Subjects from their Kings,
thatfo between both they may fairlyerect Antichrifts Throne again.
For that indeed, that is to fay, the new building of Babel, thefetting
up again of the Throne of Antichrijl, the bringing in of Popery to
fubverttheGofpel, is made to be the chief defign of the Prelates and
Prelatical party; to which all innovations, ufurpations, and more dan"
gerous practices, whi<sh are unjuftly charged upoahthem, ferved only
as preparatives and fubfervient helps.
Such being the matter in the Libel^Xet us next look upon the Or-
naments and dreffings thereof, confiding raoftefpecjally in thofe infa-
mous Attributes, which heafcribes untothe Bifhops. For Fathers he
calls them Step-fathers; Pillars, for Caterpillars; their houfes haunted^
and their Epifcopal Chairt poyfined, by the Spirit that bears rule in the
Air, They are {faith he ) the Limbs of the Beajl? even of Antichrifi,
takjng his very courfis to be^t and beat down the hearing of the Word of
God, whereby men might be faved, p. 12. Their fear is more toward
an Altar of their own invention, towards an Image or Crucifix, toward
the found andfyllables ofJeCus, then toward the Lord Chrift, p. 15.
He gives then the reproachful Titles of Mifcreants, p. 2 8. The trains and
wiles of the Dragons dog-lik$ flattering tail, p. 50. New Babel Builders,
p. 32. , $(i»fi \ Watchmen^ Dumb JDogs, Thieves and Robbers of Souls,
Falfi Prophets, Ravening Wolves, p. 48. Fa&ors for Antichrift, p.75.
AnuchnCli^n ^ufbrum^s, And thatit might be kvown what they chiefly
aimed at, pe fk&}l be*r him fay that they cannot be quiet, till ("res novas
rnoliendo) thfjfet up Popery tgaitt in fax full Equipage, p. 95. Tooth
And nail fiiV) fitting np Poptfry agoing p. 96. Trampling under feet
Chrifts
V
I. * ■ " — I I I I .
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury. 311
Chrifti Kingdom, that they may fit up AntichriftsrMwe again, p. 99. LIB. IV.
Accordingto the Spirit of Rome which breathes in them, by which they Anno Vom»
are fo firongly biafied to wheel about to their Roman Alijlrefi, p. 108. 1636.
The Prelates confederate with the Priejis and fifiuites for rearing up ^yV-^V^J
that Religion, p. 140. Calling them upon that account in his Apologie,
Jefuited Polypragmaticks, and Sons of Belial. Having thus luftily
laid about him againft aJl in general, he defcendsto fome particulars
of mod note and eminence. Reviling White of Ely, with railing and
perverting, in ' fighting again li the truth, which he makes to be his princi-
pal quality, p. 1 27. Jtf/rdMountague of Chichefter for a tryed Cham-
pion of 'Rome, and the devoted Votary to his Queen of Heaven, p. 126.
And fo proceeding to the Archbifhop (for of IVrenhz had fpoken e-
nough before J he tells us of him. That he ufied to fit his foot on the Kings
Laws, as the Pope did on the Emperours nec\, p, 54. That with his right
hand he was able to fiweep down the third part of the Stars in Heaven,
p. 1 2 1. And that he had a Papal infallibility of Spirit, whereby, as by a
divine Oracle, all guefiions in Religion are finally determined, p. 1 3 2.
Thefe are the principal flowers of Rhetorick which grew in the Gar-
den of H. B. fufficient queftionlefs to (hew how fweet a Champion he
was like to prove of the Church and Golpel.
And yet this was not all themifchief which the Church fuffered at
that time, for prefently on the neck of thefe came out another, en-
tituled. The holy Table, name and thing, intended purpofely for an An-
fwer to the Coal from the Altar, but cunningly pretended by him to be
written long ago by a Minifter in Lincolnjhire againft Dr. Coale,a judi-
cious Divine in Queen Maries days 5 Printed for the Diocels 0? Lin-
coln 5 by theBiihop whereof, under the name ofjohn Lincoln, Dean
of Wefiminfier, it was authorized for the Prels. In managing where-
of, the point in Controverfie was principally about the placing of the
Holy Table according to the practice of the Primitive Church, and the
received Rules of the Church of England at the firft Reformation of
it. In profecution of which point he makes himfelf an Adverfary of
his he knows not whom, and then he ufeth him he cares not how, mang-
ling the Authors words whom he would confute, that fo he might be
fure of the eafier conqueft; and pra&ifing on thofe Authors whom
he was to ufe, that they may ferve his turn the better to procure the
vi&ory. Of the compofure of the whole we may take this Chara<- preface to
fter from him who made the Anfwer to it, m. cc That he that con- Antid. Line,
"jectured of the houfe by the trim or drefs, would think it very
<c richly furnilhed; the Walls whereof ("that is the Margin) richly
ccfet out with Antick^ hangings, and whatfoever coftly workmanihip
<c all nations of thefe times may be thought to brag of 3 and every
" part adorned with flourilhes and pretty paftimes, the gay devices
e<of the Painter : Nor is there any want at all of Ornaments ox Vten-
"fils tofetoutthe fame, fuch efpecially as may ferve for ofientation,
" though of little ufe 5 many a fine and fubtle Carpet, not a few idle
w couches for the credulous Reader, and every where a pillow for a
cc Puritans elbow 3 all very pleafing to the eye, but flight of fubftance $
" counterfeit ftuffmoft ofita& wrought with fo much fraud & falfboocf,
Kt 2 that
■- ■ 11
^ 1 2 The Life o/William
PART II. ct that there is hardly one true flitch in all that work from the very
Anno Vom. cc beginning to the end. Hardly one teftimony or authority in the
1697. €£ whole Difcourfe which is any way material to the point in hand :
u^"V^>J cc but is as true and truly cited, as that the Book it felf was writ long
cc ago in anfwer unto D. Coale of Queen Maries days. The King he
tacitely upbraids with the unfortunaciesof his Reign by Deaths and
Plagues, the Govemours of the Church with carrying all things by
ftrong hand, rather by Canon-fhot than by Canon-Law. The Bifhop
of Norwich he compares (as before was noted) to a Wren mounted on
the feathers of an Eagle, and falls upon his Adverfary with as foul a
mouth as Burton doth upon the Prelates 5 the Parable betwixt him and
Burton being very well fitted,as appears by the Preface to the Mini-
Antid.Lim. Jiersof Lincoln Diocefs in the Anfwer to him. Obliquely and upon
P- 5* the by he hath fome glancings againft bowing at the name of Jefis,
Adoring toward the Eaft, and Praying according to the Canon} and
makes the tranfpofing of the Table to the place where the Altar flood,
to be an Introduction for ufheringin the whole body of Popery .Which
Elenfinian Doctrine (for fbhe calleth it) though thefe new Reformers
(for fear of fo many Laws and CanonsJ dare not apparently profefs,
yet (faith he) they prepare and lay grounds for it, that the out-works
of Religion being taken in, they may in time have a bout with the
Fort it felf.
To thefe two Books his Mijefty thought fit that fome prefent Anfwer
(hould be made, appointing the fame hand for both which had writ the
Hiflory of the Sabbath. The one being abfolutely deftruftive of the
uniformity in placing the Communion-Table, which was then in hand 5
The other labouring to create a general hatred unto all the Bifliops,
branding their perfons, blading their Counfels, and decrying the Fun-
ction. And hard it was to fay whether of the two would have proved
Hijf. K. C. more mi(chievous if they were not feafonably prevented. The An-
p. 151. fwer unto Burton was firft commanded and prepared: That to the
Lincoln Minifter, though afterwards enjoy ned, was the firft that was
pubhfhed. This of thetwo, the fubtler and more curious piece, ex-
ceedingly cried up when it firft came out 5 thedifaffe&ion of the times,
and fubject matter of the Book, and the Religious eflimation which
was had of the Author, concurring altogether to advance the Repu-
tation of it to the very highefl, fold for four (hillings at the firft, when
conceived unanlwerable 5 but within one month after the coming out
of the Anfwer(which was upon the twentieth of Aftrj>)brought to lefs
than one. The Anfwer publifhed by the name of Anttdotum Lincol-
menfe, with reference to the Licenfer and Author of the Holy Table.
The publifhing of the other was delayed upon- this occafion : A Re-
folution had been taken by command of his Majefty to proceed a-
gainft the Triumvirate of Libellers ( as one fitly calls them} to a pub-
lick Cenfiire, which was like to make much noife amongft the igno-
rant People. It was thought fit by the'Prudent Council of Queen
Elizabethupon the execution of fome Priefts and Jefuits, that an A-
pology (hould be publifried, by the name of Jujiitia Britintrica, to
vindicate the publick Juftice of the State from fuch afperiions, as by
the
Lord^ArcbbiJloop of Canterbury. 3 1 ^
the Tongues and Pens of malicious perfons ftiould be laid upon it. LIB. tvr.
And on the like prudential grounds it was thought expedient, that an Anno t)om,
anfwer (hould be made to the Book which Teemed moft material ■> and 1627,
being fo made, {hould be kept in readinefs till the execution of theL^V^i
Sentence 5 to the end that the people might be fatisfied, as well in
the greatnefs of the Crimes, as the neceffity and juftice of the Pu-
nifliment, infiided upon one of the Principals, by whom a judgment
might be made of all the reft. But the Cenfure being deferred,from
Eafler until Midfimer Term, the Anfwer lay dormant all the while at
Lambeth in the hands of the Licenfer, and was then published by the
name of A brief and moderate Anfwer to the feditious and fcandalcus
challenges of H. B. &c. Two other Books were alfo publimed about
that time, the one about the name and fituation of the Communion-
Table, which was called, Altare chritfianum, wr'itby one Tocklington^
then beneficed in Bedfordfhire, andfeconded by a Chappel Determina-
tion of the well ftudied Joftph Mede 5 The other againft Burton by
name, publiftied Dow of Bafell mSujffex, under the Title of Innovati-
ons unjuflly charged,8tc. Andfo much for the Pen Combates,managed
on both fides in the prefent Controversies.
Butwhilft thefe things were in agitation, there hapned toward the
end of this year, fuch an Alteration in the Court, as began to make
nolefs noife then the reft before. It had been an antient cuftom in
the Court of England to have three Sermons every week in the time
of Lent. Two of them Preached on Wednefdays and Fridays, the
third in the open Preaching place near the Council Chamber on Sun-
days in the Afternoon. And fo it continued till King James came to
this Crown. Who having upon Tuefday the fifth of Augujl efcapt the
hands and treafonsof theEarl of Gowrie, took up a pious refolution,
not only of keeping the Anniverfary of that day for a publick Fefti-
val in all his Dominions, but of having a Sermon, and other divine
Offices every luefday throughout the year. This cuftom he began in
Scotland, and brought it with him into the Court of England', and
thereupon tranflated one of the Lent Sermons from Wednefday to
Tnejday. This Innovation in the Court, where before there were no
Sermons ( out of Lent) but on Sundays only, came in (hort time to
have a very ftrong Influence upon the Country, giving example and
defence to fuch Lectures and Sermons on the working days, as ftie,-
quently were appointed and continued in moft Corporations, an^J
many other Market Towns in all parts of the Kingdom. In which
refpefr it was upon the point of being laid afide at the Court on the
death of that King, in reference to whofe pa rticular concernments it
was taken up, and therefore his Succeflbr not obliged to the obfer-
vation. But then withal it was confidered,that the new King had mar-
Tied with a Lady of the Roman Religion, that he was ingaged in a
War with Spain, which could not be carried on without help from
the Parliament, wherein the Puritan Party had appeared to be very
powerful. The difcontinuing of that Sermon in this conjuncture,
might have been looked on in the King as the want of zeal toward the
Preaching of the Gofpel, and a ftrong tendency in him to theReligi-
The Life of W 1 L L 1 A m
PART IT. on of the Church of Rome, and a betraying of the Court to Ignorance
Artno Dom. and Superftition by depriving them of fuch neceflary means of their
1637. Inftrudtion. Upon thefe grounds it (rood as before it did, as well in
P^A-^""* the holy time of Lent as in other Weeks. But now Laud being Arch-
bifaop of Canterbury j and #>e« Dean of the Chappel, it was relblved
to move his Majefty, that the Lent Sermons might be preached on
Wednefdaies as they had been Anciently. To which his Majefty con-
defcending, and the Bill of Lent-Preachers being drawn accordingly;,
it was firft muttered fecretly, and afterwards made a publick clamour,
that this was one of the Archbilhops Artifices, a trick devifed for
putting down the Tuefday Sermons, of which you Ihould never hear
more, when this Lent was over: Which Cry growing lowder and
lowder, as the Lent continued, was fuddenly huftYd and ftilled again
on the Eafter Tuefday, when they faw the Preacher in the Pulpit, as
at other times. So ufual is it with fome men to be afraid of their own
Ihadows, and terrified with fears of their own devifing.
This Interruption thus paft over, I (hall unwillingly relume my
former Argument concerning Bajirvicl^ and the reft of his fellow-
Criminals,who being called unto their Anfwer,ufed fo many delays,that
the Cafe could not come to Sentence before Midfomer Term. Some
Anfwers they had drawn : but they were fo Libellous and full of Scan-
dal, that no Counfellor could be found to put his hand to them, ac-
cording to the courfe of that Court sj Inftead whereof, they exhibited
a crofs Bill againft Canterbury and his Confederates, (as they called
themj charging them with the greateft part of thofe Reproaches ,
which had been made the fubjedt-matter of their former Libels j which
being figned by no hands but their own, andtendred fo to the Lord
Keeper, was by him rejefted, and themfel ves taken pro confejfis, their
obftinacy in not anlwering in due form of Law, being generally look-
ed on by the Court as a felf-convi&ion. On the fourteenth of June
they received their Sentence, which briefly was to this erTeft : Vrynnc
to be Fined 5000 /. to the King, to lofe the remainder of his ears in the
V (I antfs Pillory, to be branded on both cheeks with the Letters s. L. for a
•ig ?chifmatical Libeller, and to be perpetually imprifoned in Carnarvan
.rlts. p. Ca:He: Baftwicl^ and Burton condemned in the like Fine of 5000/. to
151. be Pilloried, and lofe their Ears 5 the firft to be imprifoned in the Caftle
of Lancejion in Cornroal, and the fecond in the Caftle of Lancafler,
On the thirtieth of the fame Month, Burton being firft degraded of his
Miniftry in the High-Cemmijjidn, they were brought into the Palace-
yard of Weflminfier to receive their punilhment, not executed on them
with fuch great (everity as was injurioufly given out: But being ex-
ecuted howfoever, it was a great trouble to the fpirits of many very
moderate and well-meaning men,to fee the three moft Eminent Profek
Cons in all the World (Divinity, Law, and vhyfick^) to be fo wretch-
edly difhonoured in the Perfonsof the Malefactors, as was obferVed
by the Archbifhop himfelf in his Epiftle to the King. Which part of
the Punifhment being inflicted, they were conveyed with care and
(afety to their (everal Prifons, the People either fooliftily or fattioufly
reforting to them as they patted, and feeming to bemoan their Suffer-
- ' ' 1 " ' ' ... I 1 Ul . — _
LordsArchbijhop of Canterbury. ^15
ings as unjufily Rigorous. And fuch a haunt there was to the leveral LI B. IV.
Caftles, to which they were condemned of purpofe for preventing Anno Vonu
all intelligence and Correfpondence to be held between them, that 1637.
the State found it neceflary to remove them further 5 Prynne to tne ^f^/z^f
Caftle of Mont Orgueil in the Ifle of Jofty, Burton to Cafile^Cornet i^iam^iu*
in the Road of Cuernfey, and Bajirvich^to Saint Maries Cattle in the Britanniam
Ifleof Silly'-, Which lalt remembrcth me of the like Confinement, to sufpVs'eycr
which Injiantius a profefled rrifciliamji (a very near Kinfman of the I. 2.
Englijh Puritan) had been condemned by the Juftice of the Primitive
Times.
At the pronouncing of this Sentence the Archbifhop made along
and elaborate Speech, in vindication of himfelf and the reft of theBi-
fhops from any Defign to bring in Popery, or innovating in the Go-
vernment and Forms of WorQiip, hereby Law eftablifhed. "He
cc made his Introduction to it in a brief Difcourfe touching the nature
" of the Crime, (hewing how odious a thing it was to think of defend-
ing Religion in the way of Libels } a thing not ufed by any of the
cc Primitive Chriftians, in the greateft heats of Perfecution 5 and then
"profefling for his own part, That he had done nothing as a Bifhop,
" but with a fincere intention for the good Government and Honour
"of the Church of England, and the maintenance of the Orthodox
C: Truth and Religion profefled and eftablifhed in it } adding withal,
c; That nothing but his Care of reducing the Church into rc/er in the
ec External. Worflhip of God, and the fetling of it on the Rules of its
"firft Reformation, had raifedthis Storm againft himfelf and the reft
ccofthe Bifhops, for which alone they ftood accufed of Innovations^
"by thofe which were the greateft Innovators in the Chriftian world.
<c He fpakenext touching the Calling of Biftjopss, which he maintain-
*sedtobe Jure Divino, though not all the Adjnn&s of that Calling,
U averring further, That from the time of the Apoftles, to thedaysof
" Calvin, the Government of the Church was by BifliQpSjoaly^L^-
p' Elders being never heard of} which Claim by Divine Right^S&xo-
H gate th not from the King either in Right or Power (as the Libellers
" made it)"no more then the Calling of the presbyters by the fame
" Right, could be thought to do } in regard they exercifed not any
*cJurifdicIion in the Kings Dominions, but with his Licenfe forfodo-
" ing : Or were it otherwife, yet that the Bifhops. ftood in England in
"as good a cafe as theprefent Laws could make them} and therefore
"they that Libelled againft them, L ihelled againft the King and State,
f by the Laws whereof they were eftablifhed} and confequendy,
" could aim at no other end, than the ftirring of Sedition amongft the
" People. As touching the defign of bringing in Popery (by which Ar-
"tifice they chiefly hoped to inflamethe People) heiirft acquitted
<c the King of it,by (hewing his fincerifji and conftancy in his Religion^
" exemplified by his Carriage in Spain, where he wanted no tempta-
tions to draw him from it} and his Deportment flnce in England,
"in which he had fo often declared a fetled ReftHution, to maintain
(rl the fame : Or were it otherwife, and that the King had. anyxnind to
?c change Religion, hemuftfeek for other Inftfuments than himfelf to
« efTeft
ji6
The Life o/William
PAtVT II. eC effect that purpofe 5 moft humbly thanking God5That as yet he knew
jtmoVom. "nothowto ferveany Man, againft the Truth of Chrifto fo he hoped
1637. "he fhould never learn : profeffing further, for the fatisfa&ion of all
%*^V^^ " which heard him: That he knew of no plot nor purpofe of altering
<c the Religion here eftablifhed $ and that for his own part he had ever
" been far from attempting any thing which might be truly faid to tend
"that way, in the leaft degree 3 to both which he was ready to take
"his Oath. Which faid in general, he briefly touch'd on thofe inno-
" vations which in thofe Libels^, had been charged on him and the reft
" of the Bifhops, in order unto that Defign.
"To the firft Innovation^ touching the fuppreffing of Sermons
*5 ("during the time of the late Fuji) in infefted places, contrary to the
"Orders in former times, heanfwered, Firft, That after-Ages might
"without offence learn to avoid any vifible inconvenience obfervedin
"the former: And fecondly, That the fuppreffing of thofe Sermons
" was no A& of the Bifhops, but a Command proceeding f on a full
<c debate) from the Lords of the Council, the better to avoid the
Spreading of the Contagion : And thirdly, That as Sermons on the
"Faft-days had been ufed of late3 they were fo far from humbling
" men in the fight of Cod, that they were fitter for other operations, as
"the raifing of Sedition amongft the People 3 of which there could
"not be a clearer inftance, than in that of Burton. To the fecond,
" That by appointing the Weekly Fafts to be on Wednefday s , and
" thofe Fafts to be kept without any Sermons , there $as a plot for
" fuppreffing all Wednefday Le&ures for ever after : It was anfwered,
"That Wednefday was the ufual day for fuch Publick Fafts 5 That it
" was named by the Lord Keeper^ no great Friend to Popery } and that
" thofe men had lived to fee the Faft ended , and the Wednefday Le-
cc 8ures ftill continued. To the third, Thar the Prayer for Seafnable
" Weather was left out of the laft Book 5 and that the leaving of it out,
" was one caufe of theShipwracks and Tempeftuous Weather which
' "followed after: He anfwered generally , firft, That all Fafl-Bookj
"are made by the command of the King (who alone had Power to
" call fuch Fafts) 5 and that the Archbifhops and BifhopSy who had
"the ordering of thofe Books, had alfo Power under the King, of
"putting in and leaving out of thofe Books, whatfoever they think
" fitjbr the prefent occafion. Secondly, as to this particular, That
" when the Faft-Book. was made, the Weather was very Seafonable,
" and the Harveft in 5 and that it was not the Cuftom of the Church to
"pray for Seafonable Weather when they had it, but when it was
" wanting. Thirdly, That it was very boldly done, to afcribe the
" caufe of thofe Tempefts to the leaving out of that Prayer, which
" God had never revealed unto them, and they could not otherwife
" know but by Revelation. To the fourth, touching a claufe omitted
" in the firft Collect, in which Thanks had been given to God for de-
livering us from Topift) Superftition ; He anfwered, That thoogh
"our Fore-fathers had been delivered from fuch super fiiti on yet
"("God be bleffed) that for our parts, we were never in them, and
** therefore Could not properly be faid to have been delivered. To the
" fifth,
Lord ^Arcbbijhvp of Canterbury.
cc fifth, touching the leaving put of a pailage in one of the Orders for L ( B. IV.
" theF^f?, concerning theabufe thereof in relation to Merit, He an- Anm Vom.'
" fwered, 1 hat it was left out, becaufe in this Age and Kingdom there 1657.
"was little opinion of Merit by Faftmg } infomuch that all Fajis were<-^V^*
"contemned and fcorned (both at Lent, and all other fet times) ex-
" cept Hich as fome numerous men called for of themfelves, to pro*
cc mote their ends. The fixth Innovation charged upon them, (was
" the leaving of the Lady Elizabeth and her Children, out of one of
"the Colle&s: And the ieventh. That out of the fame ColL-ff- the
"words, F cither of thine Elect, and of their Seed, was expunged alfo:
"To which it was anlwered, That the Did Colletl was not in the
" Common-Vrayer-Book^ confirmed by Law, neither King Edward vi.
" nor Queen Elizabeth having any Children. Secondly, That it was
" added to the Book at the coming in of King James, who brought a
" Princely Iflue with him 5 and left out again in the beginning of the
"R»eign of King Charles, who at that time, and for four years after,
had no Itfue neither. Thirdly, That as the Lady Elizabeth and her
Children were put into the Collect when the King had noIiTueofhis
" own;fo when the King had liTue of his own,there was much as reafon
" to leave them out. Fourthly, For the leaving out of that Claufe,
" Father of thine Elect, &.c it was done by his Predecell'or 5 and that
" the leaving out of the Lady Elizabeth and her Iifue, was done by the
"Command of the King. The eighth Innovation charged upon them,
" was bowing at the Name of JesVs, and altering to that end the
"words in the Epiftle on the Sunday next before Eajier, by changing
" IN the Name of Jefits> to AT the Name of Jefis. And it was an-
swered unto this, That bowing at the Name of JesVs, was no
"Innovation madeby the Prelates of this Age, butrequired by the
" Injunction of Queen Elizabeth, in the very firft beginning of the
" Reformation : And fecondly, Though it be IN the Name of Jefis,
" in the old Editions of the Liturgies yet it is AT the Name of jefus,
" in the Tranflation of Geneva, Printed in the year 1567. andinthe
" New TAnftation Authorifed by King James. The ninth relates
" to the Alteration of two PaiTages in the Form of Prayer fet forth by
" Ad of Parliament, for the Fifth of November'? in which Form it is
"thusexprelled, Root out the Baby Ion \(hsect, which fiy of Jerufalem,
iQ Down with it, &c. And in the other place, Cut off thofe Workers of
"Iniquity, whofe RELIGION is REBELLION: Which are
" thus altered in the Books which came out laft, viz. Root out that Ba-
" bylonifh and Antichriftian Sect (of them) which fay, &c. And in
" the other, Cut off thofe Workers of Iniquity, who turn RELIGION
"into REBELLION , &c. To which it was replyed, That the
" Book of Prayer appointed for the Fifth of November, was neither
" made, fet forth, or commanded to be read by Act' of Parliament :
" but only made and appointed to be read by the Kings Authority,
£C Secondly, That being made and appointed to be read by no
ci other Authority than the Kings, the King might alter in it what he
c: thought convenient '■> and that he hadtKe Kings hand for thofe Al-
c: terations. ("What Reafons there might be to move his Ma jelly to it,
S f " we
1 8 The Life o/William
PART II. " we may enquire into hereafter on another occafionj To the tenth,
AmtoVom. ecfor the leaving out the Prayer for the Navy, he anfwered, that the
1637. " King had then no Fleet at Sea, nor any known enemy to affault, as
L^V*^ " he had when that Prayer was firft put in 5 and that howfoever,if there
"had been any defign to bring in Popery (to which thefe Innovations
"muft be made fubfervient) they (hould rather have kept in that
" Prayer than have left it out.
Concerning the Communion table there Were three Innovations urg-
ed, the placing of it Altarwife, reading the fecond Service at it, and
bowing towards or before it. For anfwer to the firft, "It was prov-
ed to have been no Innovation in regard of Practice, becaufe it
"had fo flood in his Majesties Chappels , and divers Cathedrals of
"this Kingdom fince the firft Reformation. Which pofture if it be
"decent and conveient for the Service of God, either in the Kings
" Chappels or Cathedrals, it may be ufed alfo in other Churches : but
" if it ferved to bring in Popery it was not to be ufed in them. Nor
"was it any Innovation in regard of Law,, the holy Table being ap-
" pointed to be placed where the Altar ftood by the Queens Injuncli-
"ons, Anno 1559. and thatpoffition juftified by an order of Dr. Da~
ccvenantB\ft\op of Sarum (of which we have already (pokenj whom
"the Libellers themlejves were not like to accufe for a man that pur-
"pofed the ujhering in or advancing of Popery, The letting of a Raile
" before it, or about it, howfoever placed, was only for avoiding of
" Prophanation, and for that caufe juftifiable. As for the reading of
"the Second (or Communion') service at the holy Table, it was no
. " more than what had formerly been ufed in many places to his own re-
" membrance j firft altered in thofe Churches where the Emijfaries of
"that Faction cameto preach, and therefore the Innovation tobete'id
" on them. Secondly, That it is not only fit and proper for that part
" of the Divine Service to be read at the Communion Table, but that
" it is required fo to be by the Rules and Rubrickj of the Church : It
" being faid in the firft Rubrick after the Communion, that on the
"Holy Days ("if there be no Communion) all (hall be rAd which is
" appointed at the Communion 5 and in the laft Rubric^ before the
"Communion, that the Minifterftanding at the North fide of theho-
"ly Table, (hall fay the Lords Prayer with that which follows. And
" finally, as to that of borring towards it at their firft entrance in the
"Church, or approaches to it, it is anfwered, that it was agreeable
" to the Practice of Mofes, David, Hezekjah, recorded in the holy
" Scriptures, and that Venite Adoremus, O come let us rvorfjip and fall
« down, &c. was ufed conftantly in the beginning of the Ancient
"Liturgies, andpreferved in the beginning of ours in England^ and
"therefore that the people may as well refufe to come, as at their
" coming not to Worflripi he added, that by the Statutes of the noble
"Order of St. George, called the Garter, the Knights whereof were
" bound to do their Reverence verfus Altare, toward the Altar that
"it had fo continued ever fince the time of King Henry the fifth ; that
"if there were any Idolatry in it, neither Queen Elizabeth (who
"drove out Popery) nor King James (who kept out Popery J would
" have
Lord <tA rcbbijhop of Canterbury. 519
<c have differed it to remain in Pra&ice 3 and in a word, that if it LI B. IV.
cc were Gods Worfhip and not idolatry , he ought to do it as well as AnnoVom*
cc they: but if it were Idolatry, and no Worfhip of God, they 1637.
<c ought to do it no more than he. But the fourteenth and laft charge t^V^I
cc which moft concerned him and the reft of the Bifhops to make
cc anfwer to, was the forging of a new Article of Religion brought
Ci from Ro me ("to juftifie their proceedings and Innovations) and
cc foyfting it to the beginning of the twentieth Article. The Claufe
<c pretended to be added, is, That the Church hath power to decree
cc Rites and Ceremonies, and Authority in Controverts of Faith, be-
cc caufe not found ("fay they J in the Latine or Englifli Articles of
" King Edward the fixth, or Queen Elizabeth, ratified by Parlia-
" ment} adding, that if to forge a Will or Writing be cenfurablein
<c the Star-Chamber, though it be but a wrong to a Private man :
cc how much more (hould the forgery of an Article of Religion be
cc cenfured there, which is a wrong to the whole Church r And unto
cc this he anfwered, that the Articles made in the time of King Ed-
<c ward the fixth were not now in force, and therefore not material
cc whether that Claufe be in or out 3 that in the Articles as they patted
" in Queen Elizabeths time this Claufe was to be found in the Englifli
ce Edition of the year 1612. ofthe year 1605. of the year 1593. anc^
c;in Latine in the year 1563. being one of the firft Printed Copies
<c after the Articles had been agreed on in the Convocation 3 that it
ci was to be found in the fame terms in the Records of Convocation,
cc Anno 1562. as he proved by a Certificate under the hand of apub-
cc lick Notary 5 and therefore finally, that no fuch forgery in adding
<c that Claufe unto that Article had been committed by the Prelates
cc toferve their own turns by gaining any power to the Church : but
cc that the faid Claufe had been razed out by fome of thofe men,or fome
cc of that Faction to weaken juft the power of theChurch,andto ferve
cc their own.
Thefe Innovations thus pafled over and dilcharged, he fignifies un-
to their Lordftiips, cc That fome other Charges were remaining in
c: matter of Do&rine 5 that they (hould prefently be anfwered, jujio
ec volumine, to fatisfie all well-minded people 5 and that when Burtons
ec Book was anfwered, ("his Book,, he faid, but not his raylings) none
" of the reft fhould be anfwered either by him or by his care 5 leav-
cc ing that Court to find a way for ftopping the mouths of fuch Libel" •
" lers, or elfe for him, they (hould rail on as long as they lifted. And
cc thus beginning to draw toward and end, he declares himfelf to be
tc in the fame cafe with Saint Cyprian, then Bi(hop of Carthage, bitterly
" railed upon by a pack of Schifmaticks, and yet'eonceiving himfelf
<e bound (which he made his own Resolution alfo) not to anfwer
<c them with the like Levites or Revilings, but to write and fpeak only
ee as becomes a Friefi of God 5 that by Gods grace the Reproaches
" of fuch men (hould not make him faint or ftart afide, either from Non. °Pmet*e
cc the right way in matter of Practice, or a certa Regula, from thecer- fZere!"" ' *
tJ tain rule of Faith. Which faid,and craving pardon of their Lordftiips
"for his neceffary length, he thanks them for their juft and honour-
S f 2 able
520 The Life of W » B l i a m
PAlvT II. " able cenfure of thofe men in their unanimous diflrke of them, and
iiww Vom. cc defence of the Clmrch § Makes his excufe from palfmg any cenfure
1697- ccof them, in regard the bufinefs had fome refte&ionon himfelf} and
f^ys^^ ctfo leaves them to Gods mercy and the Kings Juftice.
Thus I have adled Phocion's part in cutting fhort the long and well-
ftudied Speech of this grave and Eloquent Demojihcncs 5 which I have
been the more wil'ing to reduce to fo brief an Abftraft, that the
Reader may perceive, without the leafi: lofs of time ;ind labour, on
what weak grounds the Puritan Fa&ion raifed their outcry againfr In-
novations, and what poor trifles many of thofe Innovations were, a-
gainft which they clamoured and cryedout. But for the Speech in
its full length, as it gave great fatisfa&ion unto all that heard it : foby
his Ma jetties Command it was afterwards Printed, forgiving the like
fatisfacrion to all thofe who fliould p'eafe to read it. In obedience un-
to which Command hecaufed the (aid Speech to be Printed and Pub-
lished, although he was not ignorant ('as he declares in hisEpiftle to
the King) that many things while they are [poke??, and pafs by the cars
but once^ give great content, which when they come to the eyes of men,and
their open fanning, may lie open to fome exceptions. And fo it proved
in the event 5 "for though the Speech was highly magnified as it came
from his mouth: yet it had not been long publifhed in Print, when
it was encountred with a bafe and Libellous Anfwer, without the name
of any Author, place, or Printer, or any Bookjfeller (according to the
ufualCu(tom) where, and of whom it might be bought. I fhall not
trouble my felf any more about it than by a Tranfcript of the Title,
which was this that followeth: viz. DIVINE and PO L ITIC K
OBSE RVAT ION S newly tranjlated out of the Dutch Language,
wherein they were lately divulged, upon fome lines in the Speech of the
Archbijfwp ^/Canterbury, pronounced in the STAR-C HA MB ER
the fourteenth of June, 1637. VERT expedient for preventing all preju-
dice which as well through ignorance, as through malice and flattery, may
be incident to the judgment which men maks thereby , either of his Graces
power over the Church, and with the King : or of the Equity, Juftice and
Wifdom of his ENDS in his faid Speech i and of the reafnsujed by him
for attaining to his faid ENDS* And though he took great care
and pains concerning that fuppofed additional claufe to the 20th Ar-
ticle, fo much as might latisfie any man, not extremely partial, yet
• find I a late Writer fo unfatisfied in it, that he leaves it to the State-
Arithmeticians to decide the Controverfie^ whether the Bifliops were more
faulty in the addition, than the oppofites in their fubferaftion^/" it.
One other Charge there was, and a great one too, which 1 find not
touched at in this Speech 5 and that is, that the Prelates neither had,
„ nor fought to have the Kings Letters Patents under the Great Seal ^/"Ene-
p. 6p. Jor *"etr keeP1flg Courts and Vilnations, otc. but aid all in their own
Names, and under their own Seals, contrary to the Law in that behalf.
Concerning which we are to know, that by a Statute made in the firft
year of King Edward the Sixth, it was Enacted, £c That all Summons,
iEdrp.6. '^Citations, and other Procefs Eccleliaftical in all Su»ts and caufes
c. 2. cc of Inftance, and all caufes of GorrccYion, and all caufes of Bafbrdy,
t 1 or
Lord Arcbbifbop of Canterbury. 521
"or Bigamy, or De jure Patronatus, Probates of Teftaments, and LIB. IV.
cc Commiffions of Adminiftrations of perfons deceafed, be made in AnnoVom.
" the name, and with the Style of the King, as it is in Writs Original 163 J.
ceor Judicial at the Common Law, &c. As alfo that no manner of^-^V^J
cc perfon or perfons who hath the Exerctfe of Ecclefiaftical Jurifdicti-
;con5 ufe any other Seal of JurifdidYion but wherein his tMajefties
cc Arms be engraven, 0-c. on pain of incurring his Majefties indigna-
tion, and fuffering imprifonment at his will and pleafure. Which
Statute, and every branch thereof, b^'ing repealed by Qjeen Mary,
and not revived by Queen Elizabeth in all her Reign, the Bilhops
of her time were fafe enough from any danger of that fide. But in
the firft Parliament of King; James there palled an AcJ, for continuing
and reviving of divers statute s, and for repealing offome others , 1 Jac.
c. 25. Into the Body whereof a Claufe was cunningly conveyed (his
Majefties Co until learned, not considering, or fraudulently conniving
at it) for the repealing of that Statute of the Reign of Queen Miry,
by which King Edwards ftood repealed 5 of which no notice being
taken for fome while by thofewhom it chiefly did concern, it was now
difcovered, and made ufe of as a Rod to affright the Prelates from
exercifing their Jurifdiccionover obftinate and incorrigible Non-con- -
formifts, as formerly they had been accuftomed. For remedy where-
of, and for encouraging the Biftiops to perform their duties, it was
declared by the Judges with an unanimous confent, and fo delivered
by the Lords Chief Juftices in the star-chamber, the fourteenth of
May in thisprefent year, That the faid Aft of Repeal, 1 of Queen
' Mary, didftill ftand in force as unto that particular Statute by them
fo much preffed. This was fufficient for the prefent, but the Arch-
biihop would not truftto it for the time to comes and thereupon in
his Epiftle to the King, before remembred, He humbly defied his Ma-
jejtyin th&churches name, that it might berefilvedby all the Reverend
Judges of England, and then publifljgd by his Majejiy, that the Eifiops
keeping of 'their Court '/, and iffuingl 'roc ejfes in their own names, and the
lil{e exceptions formerly taken, and now renewed^ were not againfi the
Laws of this Re aim, -that fo the Church Govern ours might go on cheat fully
in their duty, and the peoples minds be quieted by this affitrance, that nei-
ther their Law, nor their Liberty, as Subjects, was thereby infringed. A
motion favourably heard, and graciouOy granted 5 his Majefly illiiing
out his Royal Proclamation, on the eighteenth day of Au'gufi then
next following, For declaring that the proceedings oj his Ecckdajlical
Courts and Minijlers were according to Law. The Tenour of which
Proclamation or Declaration was as followeth:
By the K I N G.
WHereas in fome of the Libellous Bookj and Pamphlets lately pub-
lifted in the moji Reverend Fathers in God, the Lord Arc hbifmps
andBifoops of the Realm are faid to have ufurped upon his Maje flies Pre-
rogative Royal, and to have proceeded in the High Commiffion, and
other Ecclefiaftical Courts contrary to the Laws and Statutes of the
Realm :
The Life o/William
PART H. B.talm : It was Ordered by his Majefties High Court of Star-Chamber,
Anno Vom. the twelfth of June laft, that the Opinion of the two Lords Chief Juftices,
1637. the Lord Chief Bar on, and the reft of the Judges, and Barons Jlwuld be
i*^V^-> had and certified in thefe particulars, viz. Whether Proceffes may not iffue
cut of the Ecclefiaftical Courts in the names of the Bijhops ? Whether a.
Patent under the Great Seal be neceffary for the keeping of the Ecclefia-
ftical Courts, and enabling Citations, Sufpenfions, Excommunications,
and other Cenfures of the Church} And whether the Citations ought to be
in the Kings Name, and under his Seal of Arms? and the like for Infti-
tutions and Inductions to Benefices, and corre&ion of Ecclefiaftical of-
fences? And whether Biffjops Archdeacons, and other Eeclefiaftical per-
Jons may or ought to keep any Vifitation at any time, unlefs they have ex-
prefs Com minion or Patent under the great Seal ^ England to doit 5 and
that as his Majefty Vifitors only, and in his name and right alone.
Whereupon his Majefties faid Judges having taken the fame into
their ferious confederation, did unanimously agree and concur in opi-
nion, and the firft day of July laft certified under their hands as fol-
Joweth : That Proceffes may ijjue out of Ecclefiaftical Courts in the name
of the Bifl:ops, andthat a Patent under the Great Seal is not neceffary for
the keeping of the faid Ecclefiaftical Courts, or for the enabling of Cita-
tions, Sufpenfions, Excommunications, and other Cenfures of the Church*
And that it is not neceffary that Summons, Citations, cr other Procefies
Ecclefiaftical in the faid Courts, or Inftitutions, and Inductions to bene-
fices, or correction of Ecc\e(ia(['ica]cjfences by Cenfureinthofe Courts be in
the Kings name, or with the Style of the King, or with the Kings Seal, or
the Seals of the Office haze in them the Kings Arms , Andthat the Sta-
tute, I Edw. 6. c. 2. which ena&ed the contrary, is not new in force'-,
And that the Arckbiflwps, Bijhops, Archdeacons, and other Ecclefiaftical
perfbns, may keep their Vifitations, as ufually they have done, without
Commifjion under the Great seal f» to do. Which opinions and refo-
lutions being declared under the hands of all his Majefties faid Judges,
and fo certified into his Court of star-chamber, were there recorded :
And it was by that Court further ordered the fourth of the faid July,
That the faid Certificate fhould be enrolled in all ether his Majefties
Courts at Weftminfter, and in the High Commiffion and other Eccle-
fiaftical Courts for the fatisfa&ion of all men 5 That the proceedings in the
High Commiffion and other Ecclefiaftical Courts are agreeable to the
Laws and Statutes of this Realm.
*
And his Royal Majefty hath thcught fit, with the Advice of his Coun-
cil, that a publicly Declaration of thefe ti e Opinions of his reverend and
learned Judges, being agreeable to the Judgment and Refolution of former
times, Jliould be made known to all his Subjctls, as well to vindicate the
Legal Proceedings of his Ecclefiaftical Courts and Mimfters from the un-
juft and fcandalous imputation of invading or intrenching cn his Royal
Prerogative, as to fettle the minds and flop the movths of all unquiet spi-
rits,that for the future they prefume not to cenfure his Ecclefiaftical Courts,
or Mini fter sin thefe their juji and -warranted proceedings. And hereof
Lord <*J rchbijhop of Canterbury. 525
his Mijejiy ad&tonifieth all his Subje3s tota^e roaming as they will an- L I B. IV.
fiver the contrary at their Peril. Anno Vonu
Given at the Court at Lindhurff the 1 5 day of Auguft in 1 6 5 7.
the 15th year of his Reign, 1637. C^V^J
Having carried on this bufinefs as far as we can without breaking
the rule of time in too grofs a manner, we mud go back to the Star-
Chamber , where we left the Biftiop of Lincoln ready to put in his An-
fwer after many delays. In which eftate the bufinefi ftood, when Kil-
vertj Z Pro&or in the Arches, who bad been formerly imployed in hunt-
ing Bennett a corrupt Judge of the Prerogative Court, to his final
Sentence, was entertained to profecute this Biftiop to the like coufufi-
on5 who having found by diligent enquiry, and fubtle practices, that
the Biftiops purgation depended moft upon the teftimony of one Pri-
geon> theRegifterof the Court of Lincoln, he made it his chief work,
by difcrediting the Witnefs,to invalidate and make void his evidence,
he lays a Baftardtohis charge, and there appeared fufficient ground
toindic"t him for it. The Biftiop apprehending himfelf neceflitated
to weight up Prigeon his repute, engaged himfelf more zealouUy there-
in than was confident with the gravity of fo great a Prelate for fo in-
considerable a perfon.The Fathering of this Baftardh bandied betwixt
Prigeon and one Boone from Seflions to Seffions, and from one year un-
to another, till the Mother of the Child was found to have been tam-
pered with by fomeof the Biftiops Creatures to charge it wholly up-
on Boone. On the difcovery of which practice Kilvert lets go his for-
mer hold, and exhibits a new Bill againft the Biftiop for fubornation
of Witneffes, a crime moft proper for that Court. The Biftiop now
finds himfelf at alofs, and endeavours a Com pofition with his Majefty,
being willing to lay down a good Sum of Money, for the purchasing
of his own Peace and his Majefties Favour 5 which afterwards was
urged 3gainft him,to prove him confcioiis of the Crime which he ftood
accufed for. On Tuefday the eleventh of July he received his Doom,
which was to pay 8000 Auntothe King,to be Sufpended a Beneficiis &
Officii;, and fraud committed unto Prifon at his Majefties Pleafure.
To this Sentence the Archbiftiop contented amongftthe reft, aggra-
vating the fault of Subordination of Perjury, with a pathetical Speech
of almoft an hour long,ftiewing how the World was above three thou-
fand years old, before it was ripe enough to commit fo great a Wick-
ednefs 5 That Jezabel was the firft in Scripture, which had been brand-
ed with that Infamy, whofe WitneiTes could find no other name in Cb.Hift, lib,
Scripture than the Sons of Belial : And therefore, That considering 1 i«p-i $7*
the greatnefs of the offence, though before he had been five times on
his knees before hisMajefty in the Biftiops behalf, yet now he could
hot but agree to the heavieft: Cenfure. To which Sentence the whole
Court concurred, his belt Friends amongft them, who gave themfelves
not a little hope, that the rigour of it fefpecially as unto the Fine)
might receive mitigation 5 though in the end, his Majefty looking
on him, both as adjudged to be guilty, and well known to be fol-
vent, it wasno wonder if the utmoft penny of it were exa&ed.
He
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART IT. He had not lain long under this Sufpenfion and Imprifbnment, but
Anna Dam. he began to find how dreadful a thing it was to fajl into a Kings dif-
i 6 3 7. pleafure} and thereupon made ufe of all his Friendsat Court, for the
KufS/^sJ re- obtaining of his own Liberty, and his Majefties Favour : And to
that end, he made means by the Queen to be admitted to a Reconci-
liation with him, offering both his Btfhoprick, and Deanry otWeJl-
minftcr, in confidence that the King would fo provide for him, that he
fhould not go much lefs than he was. The King, upon the Queens
defire, fent the Earl of Dor fat ("from whofe mouth I had it J to accept
the Bifhops Offer on the one fide 5 and on the other fide, to promife
him in his Majefties Name, the next good Bifhoprick which fhould
fall in Ireland. Which Propofition being made, the Bifliop abfolutely
refufed to hearken to it, telling the Earl of Dorfet^ That he had made
afhift, by the Power and Mediation of his Friends, to hold out a-
gainfthis Enemies here for feven years together : but if they fhould
fend him into Ireland, he fhould there fall into the hands of a man,
who once in feven Months would find out fome old Statute or other to
cut off his head. Which double dealing did fo cool the Affections of
his Friends in Court, that for three years and more there were no fur-
ther Endeavours ufed for his Enlargement : During which time, he
never went unto the Chappel of the Tower, where he was Imprifoned,
to attend the Divine Service of the Church, or hear the <s en/ton therea
or receive the Sacrament, as all other Protejiant Prifoners had beer*
ufed to do: but kept himfelf only to his Private Devotions, to which
hisnearelt Servants were not often admitted : Which whether it gave
the greater fcandai to the Protectants, Puritans, or papifis, it is hard
to fay.
But great Perfons muft not fall alone. Three of his Servants which
had beenmoft active in the bufinefs, were cenfured at the fame time
alfo5 Walker his Secretary, fined at 300/. Powell an Officer of his
Houfhold, fined no more than he : But Land, who left his Bufinefs in
the Court of Lincoln to attend his Suit, at 1000 Marks. All of them
cenfured to Imprifonment, which none fuffered but he, and that but
for a fhort time neither. Nor were their Fines exacted of them, which
fas the Bifhop after found to his coftj were in fhort time to be com-
muted into fuch other Offices as they were to do for Kilvert againft
their Mafter: The Story whereof, defireth the Readers further pa-
tience, though it come fbmewhat out of time and is briefly this.
Osbejion the late School mafter, and then Prebend of IVejlminjler, %
profefs'd Creature of the Bifhops, and muchimployed by him in his
greateft bufineffes, had written a Letter to him about clrijlmafi, in
the year 1 63 5. touching fome Heats which hapned in that cold Seafon,
betwixt the Archbifhop of Canterbury, and the Lord Treafurer We-
fiom Osbejion conceiving this to be a fit opportunity for the Bifhop
to clofein with IVejlon, and by his means to extricate himfelf out of
thofe Perplexities, in which this star-chamber Suit had fo long in-
tangled him. This Intelligence he difguifcd in thefe expreffions, viz,.
The little Vermin, the Vrchin and Hocus Pocus, is this ftormy Chriftmas
at true and real variance with the great Leviathan. And this conceit the Bi-
Lord tArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 525
(hop out of tod much jollity makes knownto others, by whom at latt L I B. IV.
it came to Kilvert '■> who laying hold on the advantage,exhibits a new Anno Vom.
Bill againft him, for divulging Scandalous Libels againft Privy Coun- 1637.
fellors s there being good proof to be produced. That by the names c^V^J
of Little Vermin, Urchin, and Hocus Vocrn, the writer of that Letter
defigned no other than the Archbifhop, and the Lord Treafurer Weft-
onby the Great Leviathan. Both being made Parties to the Bill, Os-
befton anfwers for himfelf, That by Leviathan, he intended Chief
Juftice Richardfon 5 and spicer a Doctor of Laws, by the other Cha-
racter: The differing features of the men, feeming to make good this
ConftruUion, which the Grammar of the Text might bear, as well as
the other. The Bifhop pleaded for his part. That he remembred not
the receiving of any fuch Letter 5 and that if any fuch Letter had
come unto him, it could not be brought within the compafs of a Libel,
becaufe not written in fuch plain and fignificant terms as might appa- -
rently decypher and fet forth the Perfon intended in it. But all this
proved to be but fhifts on either fides for Kilvert had a Letter ready
(which Walker was fuppofed to have put into his hands) to make fure
work of its a Letter which the Bifhop had writ to the faid Walker, .
being then his Secretary, at the time of that falling out betwixt Laud
and Welion. Here is a Jirange thing (faith that Letter) Mr. Osbefton
importunes me to contribute to my Lord Treafurer s ufe, fome Charges
upon the Little Great Man , and ajfures me they are mortally out. I
have utterly refufed to meddle in this bufne/sj and I pray yon learn front
Mr. S. and Mr. H. if any fuch jailing out be, or whether fomebody hath
not gulled the Schoolmafter in thefe three laji Letters'-, and k?ep it un-
to your felf, what 1 write unto you. If my Lord Treajhrer would be
Jerved by me, he muft ufe a more neer, folid, and trujiy Mejfenger, and
free me from the Bonds of the Star-Chamber 5 elfe let them fight it out for
me. %
This fecret thus difcovered, and the Myftery opened, it was not
long before the Caufe was brought to Cenfure : For the two Letters
being compared with the Time and Circumffcances, it was no hard
matter to the Lords (who had their own concernment in it) to con-
clude both of them to be guilty of the Crime called scandalum Mag-
natum, a Libelling and defaming the Great men of the Realm, prohi-
bited and punifhable by the Laws of the Land. So that no Buckler
being found to bear off the Blow, a Fine of another 8000 /. was impOf-
ed on the Bifhop, Osbefton fined 5000 /. to be deprived of his Ecclefi-
aftical Preferments, his Ears to betack'd to the Pillory in the Palace-
yard, and Dammagesor Coftsof Suit to be paid by both to the Arch-
bifhop of Canterbury. A Cenfure greater than the Crime ("as moft men •
conceived J in refpedl: of Osbefton, whofe Indifcretion might have
been corrected with far lefs feverity 5 and lefs feverity was intended,
then the Sentence intimated j For though Osbefton at that time con-
ceived the Archbifhop to be his greateft Enemy, yet the Archbifhop
was refolvedto fhew himfelf his greateft Friend, alluring the Author
of this Hiftory (before any thing was known of his fuppofed flight)
that he would caft himfelf at the Kings feet, for obtaining a difcharge
Tt of
1 be Life of William
PART II. of that corporal punifament unto which he was Sentenced. Which
Anno Vvm. may obtain the greater credit, firft, in regard that no courfe was
1637. taken to (top his flight, no fearch made after him, nor any -thing done
y^^/^J in order to his Apprehenfion. And fecondly, by Osbejlons readinefe
to do the Archbifrop all good Offices in the time of his Troubles, up-
on the knowledge which was given him (at his coming back J of fuch
good intentions : For Osbefion not hoping for fo much favour, and
fearing more the frame of the Punifrment, than the lofs of Prefer-
ment had feafonably withdrawn himfelf to a Friends Houfe in London^
where he lay concealed, causing a noife to be fpread abroad of fris
going beyond Sea, and (ignifying by a Paper which he left in his
Study, That he was gone beyond Canterbury. But this hapned not
til! the latter end of the year next following though I have laid it here
together, becaufe 01 the coherence which it hath with the former
Story.
To look back therefore where we left 5 The Bifrop of Linculnwap
no fooner Sufpended by the High-Commi\jion ("that part of the Sen-
tence being executed July 24) but all the Profits of his Preferments
intheChurch, were Sequeftred to the life of the King : APrivySeal
is fent to the Sub-Dean and Prebends of the Church of lVejiminjiera
requiring them to fit apart ail the Profits , certain and uncertain,
which of right accrued unto that Dean, and to pay the fame from time
to time into the Receipt of the Exchequer. And that his Majcftw?
Profits might not lurTer any diminution , nor the Prebends of that.
Church be punifred for the fault of their Dean, a Commiffion was if-
fued under the Great Seal of England, inabling them to Let and Set,
to Renew Leafes, keep Courts and make Grants of Offices, and final-
ly, to act and do all manner of things which concerned the Govern-
ment of that Church, in as ample manner as if the Dean himfelf had
been prefent at the doing of them. The like courfe alfo taken, inga-
thering in the Profits of his other Promotions 5 thofe of the Bithopnck
of Lincoln, naturally flowing into the Exchequer as in times ot Vacan-
cy. And as for his Epifeopal JnriJdi8ion, that fell as naturally to the
Archbifrop of the Province, as the Temporal Revenue to the King; the
Archbifrop of Canterbury exercifing all kind oiEcclefiaftical 'jurifdiction
throughout the Diocefe of Lincoln,not only as Ordinary of that Diocefs,
but as vifoor of all thofe Colledges which had any dependence on that
See. Amongft which Colledges, as that of Eaton was the chief, (b
there was fomewhat in it which was thought to want a prefent Rer
medys fome Information being given. That they had diminished the
number of their Fellows from Ten to Seven. This being a m itter
eafily tobeprooved, they were required to make up their number,
according to their firft Foundation by King Henry vi. But againft this,
the Fellows pleaded, That out of an hatred to their Founder a great
part of their Lands had been taken from them by King Fdw.ird iv.
conferred by h'm upon the Abby of WeflminSler and the Church 0/
Windfor, and by them enjoyed untill this day 5 and that they hoped hi*
Grace would not tye them to maintain the whole number of their
Fellows, with little more then half their Lands. To which fo reafon-
able
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury* 327
able a delire, upon full proof made of the Suggeftion, his Grace did L 1 B. IV.
readily confent, and left them in the fame ftate in which he found them. Anno Vont.
The noife ot thefe Proceedings in England, m the June and July of 1637.
this year, being quickly pofted to the scots, became a principal Incen- V-^V^J
tive of thofe Combuftions, which not long after inflamed that King-
don^for it could be no hard matter for the Presbyterians there,to pofTefs
the People with the fenfe of the like fmart Sufferings, by the Pride
and Tyranny of their Bifhops, if they permitted them to grow great
and powerful, and did not caft about in time to prevent the mifchief.
And to exafperate them the more,the Superftitions of the Litnrgie,now
at the point of being put in execution,were prefented to them} which
if once fetled amongft them, as was then intended^would in fhorttime
reduce them under the Obedience of the Church ofRonie. They
could not but confefs, That many things were found fault with in the
Englifh Liturgie, were in this altered unto the better, the name of
Prieji (Co odious unto them of the Puritan Fa&ion ) changed to that
of Presbyter •j no fewer than fixty Chapters, or thereabouts, takeri
out of the Apocrypha, appointed to be read by the Church in the
Englifh Book, reduced to two, and thofe two to be read only on the
Feaft of All-Saints? The new Tranflation Authorifed by King
James, being ufed in the Pfalms, Epiftles, Gofpels, Hymns, and Sen-
tences, inftead of the old Tranflation fo much complained of in their
Books and Conferences. But what was this compared with thofe
Superftitions, thofe horrible Corruptions, and Idolatries, now ready
to be thruft upon them, in which this Liturgy as much exceeded
' that of England, as that of England had departed from the fimplicity
and purity of the holier Churches } Now therefore fbmewhat muft be
done to oppofe the entrance of the Popifh Superftitious Service-
Book, either now or never : But the Presbyterian Minifters, who had
gone thus far, did not alone bring fewel to feed this flame, to which
fome men of all degrees and qualities did contribute with them.
The Lords and Gentry of the tvealm, who feared nothing fo much
as the Commiffion of surrendries above-mentioned, laid hold on this
occafion alfo, and they being feconded by fome male-contented Spi-
rits of that Nation, who had not found the King to be as prodigal of
his bounties to them as his Father had been before, endeavoured to
pofTefs them with Fears and ]ea\ox\fes,t\\ztscotland was to be reduced
to the Form of a Province, and governed by a Deputy, or Lord Liev-
tenant, as Ireland was. The like done alio by fome Lords of fecret
Counfel, who before had governed as they lifted, and thought their
power diminifhed,and their perfons under fome negledr,by the placing
of a Lord Prefident over them to direct in Chief So that the People ge-
nerally being fooled into this opinion, that both their Chriftian and
Civil Liberty wasnofmall danger, became capable of any imprefiiori
which the Presbyterian Fa&ion could imprint upon them 5 nor did they
want incouragementsfrom the Faction in England,to whom the Publi-
cation of the Book for sports, the tranfpofing of the holy Table, the
fuppreffingof fo many Le&urers,and Afternoon Sermons,and the inhi-
biting of Preaching, Writing, Printing,in defence of C*/wVw/3»,wereas
Tt 2 diftafteful
328 0/ W I L L I A M
PART If. diftaPtef.il and offenfive, as the new Liturgie with all the fuppofed fu-
Pow. perftitionsof it, wastothofe of Scotland.
1 6 % 7. This Combination made, and the ground thus laid, it is no wonder
v-i^'V"*5^ if the people brake out into thofe diftempers, which foon after follow-
ed, sundaythe 23. of July wastheday appointed for the firft reading
of the New Liturgie rnaW the Churchesof that Kingdom; and how it
fped at Fdenburgh (which was to be exemplary to all the reft J ftiall
be told by another;, whohath doneittomy hand already, "jfo/722,.
" being Sunday, the Dean of Edenburgh began to read the Book in St.
" Giles his Church ("the chief of that City J but he had no fooner
" entred on it than the inferiour multitude began in a tumultuous
" manner to fill the Church with uprore, whereupon the Bifhop of
<c Edenburgh ftept into the Pulpit, and hoping to appeafe them by
" mind ing them of the Sanftity of the place, they were the more en-
cc raged, throwing athim Cudgels, Stools, and what was in the way
^ of Fury, unto the very endangering of his life. Upon this the Arch-
cc bilhop of St. Andrews Lord Chancellor, w as enforced to call down
cc rrom the Gallery theProwft, Bailiffs, and other Magiftrates of the
"City to their affiftance, who, with much ado, at length thruft the un-
truly Rabble out of the Church, and made fall: the doors. This
"done, the Dean proceeded in reading the Book, the multitude in
" the mean while rapping at the doors, pelting the Windows with
ccftones,and endeavouring what in them lay to difturb the Sacred Ex-
" ercife : but notwithftanding all this clamour the Service was ended,
" but not the peoples rage, who waiting the Bifliops retiring to his
" Lodging, fo aflaulted him, as had he not been refcuedby a ftrong
p "hand, he had probably perifht by their violence. Nor was Saint
<2 ' ' " C^es k,s Church thus only peftered and profaned, but in other
" Churches alfo (though not in fo high a meafurej the peoples difbr-
« ders were agreeable. The morning thus paft, the Lord Chancellor
cc and Council alTembled to prevent the like darings in the Afternoon,
"which they fo effected as the Liturgie was read without any diftur-
" bance : Only the Bilhop of Edenburgh was in his return to his Lodg-
" ing rudely treated by the people, the Earl of Roxboroughs Coach,
" in which he pafTed, ferving for no pretention to him 5 though Rox-
" borough himfelfwas highly favoured of the People, and not with-
"out fomecaufe fufpe&ed to have had a hand in theCommotions of
"that day.
Thebufinefs, having thus mifcarried in Edenborough, flood at a
ftand in all other Churchesof that Kingdom; and therefore it will
not be amifs to enquire in this place into the caufes and occafionsof it :
it feemingvery ftrange to all knowing and difcerning men, that the
Child that had fo long lain in the Womb, perfectly formed, and now
made ready for the birth, fliould not have ftrength enough to be deli-
vered. Amongft which caufes, if difpofed into rank and order, that
which appears firft is the confidence which Canterbury had in. the Earl
of Tra^uaire^whom hehadraifedfromthe condition of a private Laird
to be a Peer of that Realm, made him firft Treafurcr Deputy (Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer welbouldcall upon him in England) afterwards
Lord
1
Lord<iArcbbijhoj) of Canterbury. 529
Lord Trc.tfurcr and Privy Counfellor of that Kingdom. This man he L I B. ]V„
wrought himfelf fo far into Lauds good liking, when he was Bifliop Anno Dem."
of London only, that he looked upon him as the fitteft Minifter to 1657.
promote the Service of that Church, taking him into his neareft L^rv""'^
thoughts, communicating to him all his Counfels.committed to his care
theconduct of the whole Affair, and giving order to the Archbifhops
and Bifhopsof scotlwd not to do any thing without his privity and
direction. But being an Hamiltonian-Scot ("either originally fuch, or
brought over at 1 a(fj he treacheroufly betrayed the caufe, communi-
cated his Tnftrudtions to theoppoiite Faction from one time to another,
and confcious of the plot for the next days tumult, withdrew himfelf
to the Earl of Mortons houfe of Dalkeith^ to expect the iiluc. And
poffible it is, that by his advice, the executing of the Liturgy was put •
off from Eaftcr «, at what time the reading of it was defigned by his
Majefty, as appears by the Proclamation of December 20. which con-
firmed the Book. By which improvident delay he gave ihePresbyte-
riun Faction the longer time to confederate themfelves againftit, and
topoffefs the people with Fears and Jealoufics, that by admitting of
that book they Ihould lofe the Purity of their Religion, and be brought
back unto the Superftitionsand Idolatries of the Church of Rome. And
by this means the People were inflamed into that Sedition, which
probably might have been prevented by a quicker profecution of the
Caufe at the time appointed, there being nothing more deftructive of
allpublick Counfels than to let them take wind amongft the People,
cooled by delays, and finally blown up(likea ftrong Fortrefs under-
mined) by fome fubtle practice. And there were fome mi (carriages
alfo amongft the Prelates of the Kirk in not communicating the de-
fign with the Lords of the Council, and other great men of the Realm,
whofe Countenance both in Court and Country might have fped the
bufinefs. Canterbury had directed the contrary in his Letters to
them, when the firft draughts of the Liturgy were in preparation,
and feems not well pleafed in another of his to the Archbifhopof St. -
Andrews^ bearing date September 4. that his advice in it was not fol* f.°
lowed, nor the whole body of the Council made acquainted with g4!?latr''
their Refolutions, or their advice taken, or their power called in for ^i^r0Ty
their afiiftance till it was too late. It was complained of a'fo by p> l6'ga
fome of the Biihops, that they were made ftrangets to the butitiefs,
who in all Reafon ought to have been trufted with the knowledge of
that intention, which could not otherwife than by their diligence
and endeavours amongft their Clergy, be brought to a happy execu-
tion. Nor was there any care taken to adulce the Mini Iters, to gain
them the Caufe by fair hopes and promifes, and thereby to take off
the edge of fuch Leading men as had an influence on the reft 5 as if the
work were able to carry on it felf, or have fo much Divine affiftance
as countervailed the wants of all helps from man. And which per-
haps conduced as much to the deftruction of the Service as all the reft,
a publick intimation muft be made in all their Churches on the Sunday
before, that the Liturgie Ihould be read on the Lords day following,
of purpofe, as it were, to unite all fiich as were not wefl affected to it,
to difturb the fame. And
330 The Life of W 1 l l i a m
PART II. And there were fome mifcarriages alfo, which may be looked on
Anno Vonu as Accejfories after the Fact, by which the mifchief grew remedilefs,
1637. and the malady almoft incurable. For jirji, The Archbifiops and Bi~
r^A^"> jhops moji concerned in it, when they faw what hapned, conftdted by them-
jelves apart, and fent up to the King without calling a Council, or joyn-
ing the Lay Lords with them 5 whereas all had been little enough in a
bufinefs of that nature, and fo much oppofed by fuch Factious perfons as
gathered themfdves on purpofe together at Edenborough to dijiurb the
Service. A particular in which the Lay Lords could not be engaged too
far 5 if they had been treated as they ought. But having run upon this
error they committed a worfe in leaving Edenborough to it fdf, and
retiring every one to his own Diocejs, except thofe of Galloway and
Dumblaine, For certainly they muji needs thinks (as Canterbury writes
in one of his Letters to Traquaire) that the Adverfe party would make
ufeofthe prefent time to put further difficulties upon theworkj, and there-
fore that they jhould have been as careful to uphold it, the Bijhop ofKoCs
efpecially, whoje hand had been as much in it as the moji. Butpoffibly
the Bifhops might conceive the place to be unfecure, and therefore
could not ftay with fafety, neither the Lords of the Council, nor the
Magiftrates of the City having taken any courfe to bring the chief
Ringleaders of the Tumult to the Bar of Juftice: which muft needs
animate all difaffe&ed and feditious perfons , and almoft break the
hearts of thofe who were well inclined. And fuch indeed was the
neglect of the Civil Magiftrate that we hear of no man punifhed,fcarce
fo much as queftioned, for fo great a Riot, as was not to be expiated
but by the death, or fome proportionable punifhment of the chief
offenders. Which had it been inflicted on fome three or four for a
terror to others, it might have kept that City quiet, and the whole
Kingdom in obedience for the time to come, to the favingof the lives
of many thoufands (fome hundreds of thoufands atthe leaftin all the
three Kingdoms^) moft milerably loft in thofe long and cruel Wars,
which enfued upon it. But the Lords of Scotland were fo far from
looking before them, that they took care only for the prefent, and in-
ftead of executing Juftice on the Malefactors , jufpended the Liturgie
it felf as the caufe of the Tumult, conceiving it a fafer way to calm the
differences than to encreafe the ftorm by a more rigorous and ftrict
proceeding. All that they did in order to his Ma jefties Service, or
the Churches peace, was the calling in of a fcandalous Pamphlet, in-
tituled, A difpute againji the Englijh Popijb Ceremonies obtruded on the
&rK°f Scotland 5 which not being done till O&ober 20 following, ra-
ther declared their willingnels to fufferthe faid Book tobefirft di£
perfed and fet abroad, then to be called in and fupprefTed.
Nor foemedthe bufinefs to be much taken to heart in the Court of
England^ from whom the Scots expected to receive Directions: Nor
Order given them for unfheathing the Sword of Juftice, to cut off
fuch unfound and putrified Members, which might have favedthe
whole Body from a Gangreen : the drawing of fome Blood i n the Body
Politick, by thepuntfbment of Malefactors, being like letting Blood
in the Body Natural, which in fome ftrong Diftempers doth preferve
Lord^Archbtjhof of Canterbury. ^31
the whole. Or granting that the Tumult had been grown fo high, L f B. TV.
andfo ftrongly backed, that Juftice could not fafely have been done Am0 Vonu
upon them} a way might have been found to have cooled the Fever, 1627.
without lofs of Blood, by bringing the whole Corporation under the l^v~^
danger of a forfeiture of their Lands and Liberties in a Legal way 3
which courfe proved fo fuccefsful unto King J AMES on the like
occafion, Anno 159?- Or finally, fuppofing that the Caufe admitted
notfuch along delay, if then his Majefty had but fent a Squadron of
the Royal Navy which he had at Sea, to block up their Haven, he had
toon brought the Edenburghers unto his devotion, and confequently
kept all the reft of the Kingdom in a fafe Obedience. This was the
way to keep them under} and of thiscourfe the People of the City
were more afraid, than of any other. Somewhat they are to do,which
might make his Majefty hopebettter of them than they had deferved*
and nothing they could do which might better pleafe him, than to ex-
prefs their chearfulnefs in admitting the Ltturgic. Tothis end they
addrefled their Letters tothe Archbilhopor Canterbury^ as more con-
cerned in this Affair than any other of the Lords which were near his
Majefty, expreffing in the fame their great dillike of the late Tumult 3
for their Innocency therein, they refer themfelves to his Majefties
Council in that Kingdom, declaring further their concurrence with
theBiihops which remained in the City, and the Miniftry of the fame,
for fettling the Service-Bookji and offering Means above their Power,
to fuch aslhould undertake the Heading of it} and finally, defiringhis
Grace to make known to his Majefty, how ready they were at all
points to advance the Service, which they promifed to accept as an
accumulation of his Graces Favours unto them and their City. And
that this Letter of theirs, which bears date the nineteenth of Augufi,
might bear the greater credit with him, they did not only feem indu-
ftrious for the apprehending of fome, and the inquiring after others of
the Principal A&ors 3 but bound themfelves by an Obligatory Ad of Hifl. K. C
the Common-Council, both for the Indempnity and Maintenance of b H. L.
fuch as Ihould read the Book, the Miniftersof Edenborottgh refufingtoP- *54-
do their parts in it, without fuch Encouragements But the danger
was no fooner over, by the coming home of the Fleet, but they Peti-
tioned the Lords of the Council to put them into the fame condition
with the reft of the Subjects 3 and that the Service-Booh^ fbould be no
further preftedon them, than it had been in all the other parts of the
Kingdom : To which they were encouraged by a general confluence
of all forts of People, fuch moft efpecially, as had moft fhewn their
difaffecYion to the work in hand.
For the Harveft was no fooner in, and the People at more leifure
than before to purfue that Quarrel: but the City fwarmed with
throngs of People from all parts, even to a formidable number, which
moved the Lords topublifti two Proclamations on the feventeenth of
O&ober 3 the firft commanding all of them to repair to their Dwellings,
except fuch as Ihould (hew fufficient reafon for their ftay and continu-
ance there: The fecond, for Adjourning the Seffions from Enden- \
borough, to the Town of Linlithgow. But this ferved rather like the
powring
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. powring on of Oyl, to encreafethe Flames than of Water to quench
AnnoVom. it: For the next day the Bifhop of Galloway being to Sit with the Lord
1637. Chief Juftice upon fome efpecial Bufinefs in the Council-Houfe, he
L^V*^ was purfued all along the Street with bitter Railings to the very Door 5
and being drawn in from the rage of the People, they immediately
befetthe Houfe, demanding the delivery of him, and threatning his
deftrucYion. The Earl of Traqnair being advertifed of the Bifhops
danger Cwho formerly had been his Tutor) came to his Relief, and
with much ado forced an Entrance thorow the Prefs : But being got
in, hewas in no better plight than the Bifhop, the Clamour ftill in-
creating more and more, and encompafling the Couneil-Houfc, with
terrible Menaces. Hereupon the provoji and City-Council was called
to raifethe Sieger but they returned anfwer, That their condition
was the fame?, for they were furrounded with the like Multitude, who
had enforced them, for fear of their Lives, to fign a Paper importing,
Firft, That they Jlwuld adhere to them, in oppsdtion to the Service- BooJ^:
Secondly, To rejiore to their places Ramfey and Rollock two Silenced
Minijiers, and one Hcnderfon a silenced Reader. No better anfwer
being returned, the Lord Treafurer, with the Earl of Wigton, weht
inPerfonto the Town-Council-Houfe where they found the heat of
thefury fomewhat abated, becaufethe Migiftrates hadfigned the Pa-
per 5 and returned with fome hopethat the Magiltrates would calm the
Di (orders about the Council-Houfe, fo as the Bifhop might be pre-
fer ved: But they no foonerprefented themfelves to the Great Street,
than they were moft boyteroufly aflaulted, the Throng being fo furl-
\ ous, as they pulled down the Lord Treafirer, took away his Hat,
Cioak,a d White Staff, andfo haled him to the Council-Houfe. The
Lords feeing themfelves info great danger, at length pitch \ipon the
belt expedient for their fafety, and fent to fome of the Noblemen and
Gentry, who were dif-arTec~rcd to the Service-Boo^, to come to their
Aid. Thefe Lords and Gentlemen came, as was defired, and offered
both their Perfons and Power to proted them 3 which the Lords and
the Council-Houfe readily embraced, andfo were quietly guarded
to Holy-Rood-Houfe, and the Bifhop to his Lodging. The Lords of the
Council not thinking themfelves to be fecure, publifhed a Proclama-
tion the fame day in the afternoon, for repreffing fuch Diforders for
the time to come: But they found {lender Obedience yielded to it,
Commiffioners being fent unto them from the Citizens, in aninfolent
manner, for demanding the Reftitution of their Minifters to their
Place and Funftion,and performing all fuch Matters as had been agreed
on at the Pacification.
Thefe Riots and Seditions might have fefved fufficiently in another
Reign, to have drawn a prefent War upon them, before they were
provided in the leaft degree to make any reliftance : But the Edenr
burghers knew well enough what they were to do, what Friends they
had about the King, and what a Party they had got among the Lords
of his Council, which Governed the Affairs of that Kingdom: And
they were apt enough to hope, by the unpunifhing of the firft Tumult
on July 23. That the King might rather have patience enough to bear
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury. 333
liich Indignities, than Refolution to revenge them 3 fo that he cameL I B. IV.
atla'l to that perplexity, which a good Author fpeaks of, (a) That^w Vom.
hemuft either out-go his Nature, or fore-go his Authority. For in- 163 7.
ftead of ufing his juft Power to corrett their Infolencies, he courts ^^^^f
them with his Gracious Proclamation of the feventh of December, in extidendafit
which he lets them know. How unwilling he was that his Loyal and na!*r<i,™ldi
Faithful Subject's fkould be poffeffed with groundlefs and unneceffary doubts ™™™ *
and fears touching their Religion j and therefore was pleajed to declare. Veil. Paterc.
That as he abhorreth all Super flitions of Popery , fo he would be mofl care- #f k
ful that nothing ffjould be allowed wiihin his Dominions, but that which 144.
fhould mofl tend to the Advancement of the. true Religion, as it was prefently
profefjed within his Ancient Kingdom <?/Scotland 5 and that nothing was
nor fiwuld be done therein, againfi the laudable Laws of that his Native
Kingdom. TheRioters perceived by this Proclamation,that the King
was more afraid than hurt: And feeing him begin tofhrink, they re-
folved to put fo many fears upon him one after another, as in the end
might falhion him to their defires. Firft therefore they began with a
new Petition, not of a rude Multitude but of Noblemen, Barons,
Minifters, Burgefles and Commons (the very Flower of the whole
Nation J againft the Liturgie and Canons. This Petition being fent to
the Court, could do no lefs (and it did no more) than produce ano-
ther Proclamation in Reply to the Subftance of it, fome Menaces be-
ing intermingled : but fweetned in the clofe, to give them the better
relifh. His Majefty firft lets them know the, Piety of his intent in ap- Ib;d ■
pointing the Liturgie, alluring them, « That he had rio other end in '
" it,than the maintenance of the true Religion there already profefled3
<c and the beating down of all Superftition } That nothing pafled in
" the faid Book, but what was feen and approved by himfelf, before
cc the fame was either divulged or Printed ; and that he was aflured,
" That the Book it felf would be a very ready means to prefer ve the
" Religion there profefTed, of which he doubted not to give them fatis-
<c faction in his own time. Which faid, he lets them know, That fuch as
" had A fl'embled for fubferibing the faid Petition, had made themfel ves
" liable to his higheft Ccnfures, both in Life and Fortune 5 ThatnOt-
" withftanding, he was pleafed to difpence with the errour ("upon a
" confidence that it proceeded rather from a prepofterous Zeal, than
" adifaffection to Sovereignty J on condition that they retired them-
"felvesupon notice hereof, as became good and dutiful Subjects. He
"interdicted alfothelikeConcourfeashad been lately made at Eden-
"borough, upon pain of Treafon 5 commanding that none of them
"fhould repair to Starling (to which the Term was then Adjourned)
"or any other place of Counfel and Seffion, without Warrant from
" the Lords of the Council j and that all fuch, of what fort foever (not
" being Lords of the Council or Seffion) which were not Inhabitants
"of the Town, {hould within fix hours after publication thereof, de-
" part the fame, except they were fo Licenfed and Warranted as before
<c is faid, under pain of Treafon : And finally, he concludes with this",
" he would not (hut his ears againft any Petition, upon this or any o-
"ther fubject, which they {hould hereafter tender to him 5 provided
V v " that
5 34 The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. "that the matter and form thereof be not prejudicial to his Regal
AnnoVom. "Authority.
1637. Had his Ma jefty followed at the heels of this Proclamation, with a
t^V"^ powerful Army, according to the Cuftom of his Predeeeflors, Kings
^England, it might have done fome good upon them. But Proclama-
tions of Grace and Favour, if not backed by Arms, are but like Ca-
nons charged with Powder, without Ball or Bullet, making more
noife than execution 5 and ferve for nothing in effect, but to make the
Rebel infolent, and the Prince contemptible, as it proved in this : For
on the very day, and immediately after the reading of it, it was en-
countred with a Proteftation, publiflied by the Earl of Hume, the
Lord Lindfey, and others, juftifying themfelves in their Proceed-
ings, difclaiming all his Majefties Offers of Grace and Pardon, and
positively declaring their Refolution to go on as they hnd begun,
till they had brought the bufinefs to the end intended. And in pur-
liiance hereof, they erected a new Form of Government amongft
themfelves, defpotical enough in refpeft of thofewho adhered unto
them, and unaccountable to his Majefty for their Acts and Orders.
This Government confifted of four Tables, fonthe four Orders of
the State, that is to fay, the Noblemen, Barons, Burgeffes, and Mi-
nitowers: each Order conmlting at his own Table, of fuch things as
were neceffary for the carry ing on of the Defign; which being re-
duced into Form, were offered, debated, and concluded at the Ge-
neral Table, confifting of a choice number of Commiffioners out of
all the reft. And that this new Government might be looked on
with the greater reverence, they fixed themfelves in Edenborough,
the Regal City, leaving the Lords of Council and Seflion to make
merry at Sterlings where they had little elfe to do than to follow their
Pleasures. The Tables were no fooner formed, but they refolved
upon renewing of the Ancient ConfeJJion of that Kir^ with a Band
thereunto fubjoined, but fitted and accommodated to the prefent
occafioa, which had been figned by King James on the 28th of Ja-
nuary, Anno 1580. after there Account, and generally fubferibed by
all the Nation. And by this Band they entred Covenant for Main-
tenance of their Religion then profefled, and his Majefties Perfon :
but aiming at the deftru&ion of both 5 as appeareth both by the Bandit
felf,and their Glols upon it: For by the one they had bound themfelves
to defend each other againft all Perfons whatfoever, the King him-
felf not being excepted 5 and by the other they declared, That under
the general Names of Popery, Herefie and superjlition, which were
there expreffed, they had abjured ("and required all others fotodo)
not only the Liturgie and Canons lately recommended to them, but
the Epijcopal Government ,and the five Articles of Perth, though confirm-
ed by Parliament. And to this Covenant, in this fenfe, they required
an Oath of all the Subjects, which was as great anllfurpation of the
Regal Power, as they could take upon themfelves, for confirming
their own Authority and the Peoples Obedience, in any Projett what-
foever which (hould afterwards iffue from thofe Tables.
In
Lord %A rcbbijhof of Canterbury. 555
In thisEftate we leave the Scots, and return to England, where we LIB, IV.
fhall find all things in a better condition, at leaft as to the outward ap- Anno T>om.
pearance, whatfoeyer fecret workings were in agitation amongft the 1697.
Grandees and chief Leaders of the Puritan Faction. Little or no Kj^^^J
noiferaifed about the publishing of the Book for Sports, or filencing
the Calvmian Doctrines, according to his Majefties Declaration be-
fore the Article- : No clamour touching the tranfpofing of the Holy-
Table, which went on leifurely in molt places, vigoroufly in many, and
in Come Itood irilh The Metropolitical Vifttation, and the Care of
the kiffiops had fetled thefe Particulars in fo good a way, that mens
Paffions began to calm, and their thoughts to come to fome repofe,
when the Commands had been more ferioufly confidered of, than at
firftthey were. And now the Visitation having been carried into all
parts of the Realm of England, and Dominion of ' Wales, his Grace be-
gan to cafthis eyeuponthelflandsof Cucrnfey and Jerfey, twolflands
lying on theCoaftof Normandy, to the Dukedom whereof they once
belonged, and in the Right of that Dukedom to the Crown of Eng-
land. Jerfey, the bigger of the two, more populous, and of richer
foil : but of no great Trading. Guemfiy the leiler, the more barren :
butnouriihing a wealthier People, Matters of many ftout Barques,and
managing a rich Trade with the neighbouring Nations. Attempted
often by the French, fince they feifed on Normandy : but always with
repulfeand lofs, the People being very affectionate to the EngUJh Go-
vernment, under which they enjoy very ample Priviledges, which
from the French they could not hope for. As parts of Normandy, they
were fubject in Ecclefiaftical Matters to the Biihops of Con 'fiance in N
that Dukedom, and fo continued rill the Reformation of Religion
here in England, and were then added to the Diocefs and Jurifdiftion
of the Brihops of Winchejier. But the Genevian Difcipline being more
agreeable tofuch Preachers as came to them from France, they ob-
tained the Exercife thereof in the eighth year of Queen Elizabeth^
Anno 1565. The whole Government diftinguiihed into twoClaJes or
Colonies $ that of Jerfey of it felf being one, and that of Guemfiy,
with the Iflands of Sark^znd Alderncy, making up the other } both
Clajfi* meeting in a synod every fecond or third year, according to the
Order of their Book of Difcipline, digefted by Snape and Cartrrright,
C the two great Ring-leaders of that FaUion here in England) in a
Synod held at G mm fey, June 28. 1 576. And this manner they con-
tinued till the time of King James, when the Churches in the Ifle of
Jerfiy falling into fomediforder, and being under an immediate Go-
vernour who was no great Friend to Calvin's Plat-form, they were
neceffitated, for avoiding of a great mifchief, to call: themfelves in-
to the Arms of the Church of England. The principal Ecclefiafti-
cal Officer, whilfr. they were under the Bifhopsof Conjiance, had the
Title of Dean '-, for each Ifland one 3 the feveral Powers both of the
Chancellor and Archdeacon, being united in his Perfon. This Office
is reftored again, his Jurifdi&ion marked out, his Fees appointed,
his Revenue fetled : but made accountable for his Adminiftration, to
the Biihops of Winchester. The Englijj Liturgie is Tranflated alfo into
Vv 2 French,
The Life of W^liam
PART II. French^ to be read in their Churches 5 Inflrutf ions firft, and afterwards
AnnoVom. a body of C* nons framed, for Regulating both the Mini fters and
1637- People in their feveral Duties 5 thofe Canons bearing date the laft of
f^/W^ June, in the one and twentieth year of that King.
For the confirming of this Ifland in their Conformity to the Go-
vernment andFormsof Worfhip there eftabliOied, and the reducing
of the others to the like condition, it was refolved. That the Metropo -
litical ViCitation (hould be held in each of them, at the next opening
of the Spring. And that it might be carried on with the greater a£
furance, the Archbifhop had defigned a Perfon for his Principal Vifitor,
who had fpent fome time in either Ifland, and was well acquainted
with the Bayliffs, Minifters, and men ofipecial note amongftthern:
But the Affairs of Scotland growing from bad to worfe, this Counfel
was difcontinued for the prefent, and at laft laid by for all together.
Butthefe Iflands were not out of his mind, though they were out
of fight, hiscare extending further than his Vifitatiom The Wanders
did ufe to breed fuchof their Sons as they defigned for the Miniftry
either at saumnr or Geneva, from whence they returned well feafon-
ed with the Leaven of Calvinifm. No better way to purge that old
Leaven out of the Iflands than to allure the people to fend their Chil-
dren to Oxon or Cambridge '•> nor any better expedient to effect the
fame than to provide fome preferments for them in our Univerfities.
Ithapned, that while he was intent onthefe confederations, that one
Hubbard^ the Heir of Sir Miles Hubbard, Citizen and Alderman of Lon-
don, departed this Life 5 to whom, upon an inquifition taken after his
death in due form of Law, no Heir was found which could lay claim to
hisEftate. Which falling to the Crown in fuch an unexpected man-
nered being a fair Eftate withal, itwas no hard matter for the Arch-
bifhop to perfwade his Majefty to beftow fome fmall part thereof upon
pious ufes. To which his Majefty contenting, there was fo much al-
lotted out of it, as for the prefent ferved fufficiently to endow three
Fellowfhips for the perpetual Education of fo many of the Natives of
Guernfey and Jerfey 3 not without fome probable hope of doubling
the number, as the old Leafes of it (hould expire. Thefe Fellow-
jfhips to be founded in Exeter, Jejus3 and Pembroke Colledges 3 that be-
ing difperft in feveral Houfes, there might be an increafe both of Fel-
lows, and Revenues of the faid foundations. By means whereof he
did both pioufly and prudently provide for thofe Iflands, and the ad-
vancement of Conformity amongft them in the times to come. For
what could elfo enfue upon it : but that the breeding of fome Scholars
out of thofe Iflands in that Univerfity, where they might throughly
acquaint themfelves with the Doctrine, Government, and Forms of
Worfhip eftablifht in the Church of England, they might afterwards
at their return to their native Countries, reduce the Natives by de-
grees to conform unto it '■, which doubtlefs in afhort time would have
done the work with as much honour to the King, and content to him-
lelf, as fatisfattion to thofe People.
It is not to be thought that the Papifts were all this while afleep,
and that neither the difquiets in England, nor the tumults in Scotland
were
, Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury, 337
were husbanded to the beft advantage of the Catholick Caufe. Pan- L I B. IV.
zani, as before is faid, had laid the foundation of an Agency or con- Anno Don.
ftant correfpondence between the Queens Court and the Popes 3 and 1657..
having fo done, left the purfuit of the defign to Con a Sect, by birth, C<^V^iJ
but of a very bufie and pragmatical head. Arriving in England about
the middle of Summer, Anno 167,6. he brought with him many pre-
tended reliques of Saints, Medals and Pieces of Gold with the Popes
Picture (tamped on them, to be diftributed amongft thofe of that
Party, but principally amongft the Ladies of the Court and Coun-
try, to whom he made the greateft part of his applications. He found
the King and Queen at Holdenly Houfe, and by the Queen was very
gracioufly entertained, and took, up his chief Lodgings in a houfe
near the new Exchange. As foon as the Court was returned to White-
hall^ he applyed himfelf diligently to his work, pracrifing upon fome
of the principal Lords, and making himfelf very plaufible with the
King himfelf, who hoped he might make fome ufe of him in the Court
diRome for facilitating the reftitution of the Prince Elettor. And
finding that the Kings Councils were much directed by the Archbifhop
of Canterbury, he ufed his beft endeavours to be brought into his ac-
quaintance. But Canterbury neither liked the man, nor the Meflage
which he came about, and therefore kept himfelf at adiftance, neither
admitting him to Complement, nor Communication. Howfoever
by the Kings Connivence,and the Queens Indulgence,the Popijh Facti-
on gathered not only ftrength, but confidence 5 multiplying in fome
numbers about the Court, and refortingin more open manner to the
Malles at SomerJet-houCc, where the Capuchins had obtained both a
Chappel and Convent. Of this none bears the blame but Laud, who is
traduced in Libels and common talk for the principal Archite&in the
Plot, and the Contriver of the mifchief.
On this account, and the proceedings of the star-Chamber, before
remembred, one Libel is dropt at the south Gate of St. Pauls, on Au-
guft 23. declaring that the Devil had left that houfe to him for the
faying of Mafs, and other abominations of the Church of Rome 3 ano-
ther two days after faftned totheAforfA Gate of it, fignifying that the
Church of England was like a Candle in a Snuff, going out in a Jiench.
His Speech in the Star-Chamber put into a kind of Pillory, and hang-
ed up at the Standard in cheapfidej and another fhort Libel made a-
ga'mft him in Verfefour days after that. Awakened by fomany Alarms
he had good caufe to look about him, but more at the great noife, not
long after raifed, about the feducing of the Countefs of Newpart, a
Kinfwoman of the late Duke of Buckjnghams, to the Church of Rome 3
effected by the Practices of Walter Mountague, a younger Son of the
Earl of Manchester, and the importunities of Toby Matthews, an unde-
ferving Son of a worthy Father) Con interpofing in it as he found oc-
cafion. The Archbifhop had long ftomackt at the Infolencies of Mat-
thews, and Mountague, and had forborn the taking of any publick no-
tice of them, till he had almoft loft himfelf in the fight of the people*
But laying hold on this opportunity, he pafiionately declares himfelf
at the Council-Table, on 08 ober 22. in a full and free Speech to the
King,
i
558 The Life o/Willia
M
PARTIL Ring, concerning the increafe of the Roman Party, the frequent re-
AxnoTfom. fort of Papifts to Somerjet-houfe, the unfufferable mifdemeanors of
169 7. Jiutthewss and Mount ague, in pracYifing upon his Subjects, and chiefly
l*^^"^ upon thofe which lived within the verge of the Court, and were
neareft to him, humbly befeeching him to put fome ftrong reftraint
upon them, whereby they either might be barred from coming into
the Court at all, or to give no offence and fcandal by their misbeha-
viours. Of this the Queen had notice that very night, who feemed
much difplea fed at the matter, and let him fee it in her Countenance,
whenfoever he hadanycaufe of coming where (he was. But the Pill
was given in a very good hour, and wrought fo effectually with the
King, that Mountaguc and Mutt hews was purged out of the Court,
the one betaking himfelf to his Country practice, the other for a time
to his former travels in France and Italy. Which the Queen finding
to be paft remedy, and knowing how neceffary a Servant the Arch-
bifbop was to his Great Mailer, and how uferulhe might be to her in
her own affairs, (he admitted him to her fpeech again in December
following 5 and after fome expoftulations concerning Mountague, (he
began to clear her Countenance, and to part fair with him.
Follow this bufinefs into the next year, and we (hall find him mo-
tiibl. Regia, vm£ f°r a Pioclamation,about the calling in of a Popifh Book, written
part. 1* p-3p in French by Francis Sales Biftiop of Geneva, tranlJated into Englijh,
and publiihed by the name of an Introduction to a dev out life , which Book
being brought to Haywood, the Archbifhops Chaplain, and by him
purged of divers unfound paflages apparently tending unto Popery
before it was licenfed to the Prefs, was notwithftanding publiftiedas
it came to his hands, without alteration, the Tranflator inferring the
fame paffages into it again, and the Printer conniving at the fame.
The Printer was thereupon apprehended, and the Tranflator diligently
fought for to be brought to Juftice} his Majeftiescare for maintaining
the Religion profeffed in the Church of England m its natural purity,
beingfo remarkable that hecaufed thefaid Book to be called in, and
as many as could befeifedon, tobepublickly burned. But that which
didmoft generally vindicate his Reputation, was the enlarging and re-
printing of his Conference with Fijher the JeJuite3to which he had been
Ipijh to the move(i by fome of his private friends fnone of them knowing that
King .p. ». other but himfelf had made the motion^) when the Libellers were
moft fierce againft him, and afterwards ad vifed to it by the Ring him-
felf at the Council- Table. The former Propofitions had difpofedhim
to it, and this defire of the Rings ferved for a command to confirm him
in it: But multiplicity of bufinefs gave him fo little leifure to attend
his Studies, that the year was almoft ended before the Book could be
made ready for the publick view. But at the laft it came from
the Prefs, and was prefented t6 his Majefty on Sunday the tenth of
February, and the next day expofed unto open fale. A Piece fofolidly
ffifl. R, C. compared, that one of our Hiftorians ("who (hews himfelf to be none
P* 1 7^" of his greateft Friends) gives it the commendation of being the exaft-
efl Ma fier-piece 0/PoIemique Di vinity of any extent at that time 5 fur-
ther affirming, That^e declared himfelf therein to be fo little theirs (he
means
Lord zArcbbijhof of Canterbury.
339
means the Papijls*) as he bad for ever di fabled them from being fb much LIB. IV".
their own as before they were. And D ERING, his moft profelled AnnoVom.
Adverfary, in the Preface to his Book of Speeches, could not but 1^38.
confe(s,but that in his Book,efpecialIy the la A: half ofit,/e had muzzled {^Jj^jJ
thejefiite, and jbonldftrike the Papifts under the fifth Rib, when he was speeches,
dead and gone. And being dead, that where foever his grave pouldbe, Pauls p# ^
would be his perpetual Monument, and his own Bool^his Epitaph.
But fuchwashis unhappy Fate, that many obftinateand malicious
Puritans would not be otherwife perfwadedof him, than before they
were } which they fpared not to exprefs upon this occafion : One of
his Majefties Chaplains in Ordinary had Preached two Sermons in
nuary foregoing on Mat. 13.16. which being brought into difcourfe at
fuch time as the Archbiftops Book was newly published, it was af-
firmed by fome moderate men, that the Doctor in thofe two Ser-
mons had pulled up Popery by the very roots 5 one of the company
replying thereunto, That the Archbifhop might Print, and the
Doctor might Preach what they pleafed againft Popery, but that he
(hould never think them, or either of them to be the lefs Papifts for
all that. A Genfure of fo ftrange a nature, and fo little favouring
of Chriftianity, that I believe it is not eafie to be paralelled in the
worft of times. And when no Prieft nor Jefuite could be found fo
confident as to venture on an Anfwer to it, one of the Presbyterian
Scots (for fuch he was then generally affirmed to be) publiQied an un-
licenfed Piece againft him, under the Title of A Reply to a Relation
of the Conference betwixt William Laud and Mr. Filher the Jefiite,faid
to be writ by a Witnefs ofjefus chrifi. In the whole courfe whereof
the Author, whofoever he was, moft miferably perverts his words,
andmiftakes his meaning, wreftingthe moft Orthodox and innocent
truths to his wicked ends, and putting his own corrupt Glofs and
fenfe upon them. And which is yet moft ftrange of all, with an un-
paralelled impudence he dedicates it to his Sacred Majefty, calling
upon him, cc To fend out his Royal Edict for the taking down of all
cc Altars, (which where ever they ftand, are by him faid to ftand in
" open defiance of Chrift 5 ) Another for calling in the Book for
cC Sports on the Lords day } A third, for calling in his Declaration be-
ec fore the Articles of Religion, A fourth for calling in of all Orders
cc for the Reftraint of Preaching, A fifth, for reftoring to their place
CI and Miniftry allthofe who out of Confcience of their duty to God
cc had by the Prelates been thruftoutof all for refufing to read the faid
cc Book : And finally, forreleafing andfetting at liberty the three poor
cc banilhed prifoners, the loud cry of whofe oppreffions might other-
ce wife provoke the thunderbolt of Divine Revenge to blaft the beauty
<e of his State.
Now as he laboured by thefe means to preferve the Church of Eng-
land from the growth of Popery, fo he took care for preventing the
fubverfion of it, by the fpreading of the socinian Herefies. He had be-
fore took care for fupprefling all Books of that nature which had been
imported into England out of other Countries,and had received thanks
For it from the Pen of a Jefuit : But Burton chargeth it upon him among
34°
The Life of W^liam
PART II. his Crimes, reproaching him for fupprefiing thofe books for no other
Amo Vonu reafon but becaufe they magnified the Authority of the holy Sriptures}
1658. and by the late Decree for Printing ("of which more anon) he had
took fuch order, that no Eggs of thatpeftiferous Brood (houfd belaid
in England, or \f they were, (houldever peep out of the Shell, or appear
in fight. There had been publifhed a Difcourfe, called, Difquifitio
Brevis, in which fome of the principal socinian Tenants were cun-
ningly inferted, pretending them for the beft Expedients to appeafe
fome Controverfies betwixt us and Rome : The Book afcribed in
common Speech to Hales of Eaton 3 a man of infinite reading, and no
lefs ingenuity 5 free of Difcourfe, and as communicative of his know-
ledge as the Coeleftial Bodies of their light and influences. There paft
alfoupand down aDifcourfe of schifm^ not Printed, but tranfmitted
from hand to hand in written Copies ("like the BiQiop of Lincolns Let-
ter to the Vicar of Grantham) intended chiefly for the encouragement
of fome of our great Matters of Wit and Reafon, to defpife the Au-
thority of the Church. Which being difperfed about this time, gave
the Archbifhop occafion to fend for him to Lambeth, in hope that he
might gain the man, whofe abilities he was well acquainted with when
he lived in Oxon. An excellent Grecian in thofe days, and one whom
Savil madegreat u(e in his Greeks Edition of St. chryfbjloms Works.
About nine of the Clock in the Morning he came to know his Graces
pleafure, who took him along with him into his Garden, commanding
that none of his Servants (hould come at him upon any occafion.
There they continued in difcourfe till the Bel] rang to Prayers, and
after Prayers were ended, till the Dinner was ready, and after that
too, till the coming in of the Lord Conway and fome other Perfons of
honour, put aneceffity upon fome of his Servants to give him notice
how the time had patted away. So in they came, high coloured,and
almoft panting for want of breath 5 enough to (hew, that there had
been fome heats between them, not then fully cooled. It was my
chance to be there that day, either to know his Graces pleafure, or
to render an account of fome former commands, but I know not which 5
and I found Hales very glad to fee me in that place, as being himfelf
a meer ftranger to it, and unknown to all. He told me afterwards.
That he found the Archbifhop (whom he knew before for a nimble
Difputant) to be as well verfed in books as bufinefs 3 That he had been
ferrettedby him from one hole to another, till there was none left
to afford him any further fhelter. That he was now refolved to be
Orthodox, and to declare himfelf a true Son of the Church of England^
both for Doctrine and Difcipline$ That to this end he had obtained
leave to call himfelf his Graces Chaplain, that naming him in his Pub-
lick Prayers for his Lord and Patron, the gTeater notice might be
taken of the Alteration. Thus was Hales gained unto the Church,
and gained a good preferment in it j promoted not long after by the
ArchbiQiops Commendation to be Prebend of IFindfor, and to hold
thefameby fpecial difpenfation, with his place in Eaton.
Nor was the Archbifhop left intent upon all Advantages for keeping
down the Genevian Party, and hindring them from Printing and Pub-
Hfhing
Lord \Archbijhof of Canterbury. 541
lithing anything which might difturb the Churches Peace, or corrupt LI B. IV,
her Do&rine. To this end he procured a Decree tobepafs'd in the Anno Vem.
Star-chamber, on July I . Anno J 63 7. to Regulate the Trade of Print- 1638.
ing, and prevent all Abufesof that Excellent Art, to the diftlirbance V-^V^*
of the Church. By which Decree it had been Ordered^// the Mafeer-
Vrinters from thenceforth fhonld be reduced to a certain number 3 and
that if any other Jbonld fecretly or openly pnrfeue that Trade, he fejould be
jit in the Pillory, or whipped through the Streets, and fetffer fuch other
Puni foment as that Court flwuld inflict upon him 5 That none of the faid
Mijhr-Tr inters foould from thenceforth Print any Booh^ or Books of Di-
vinity, Law, Phyftck, philofeophy, or Poetry, till the faid Bookj, together
with the Titles, Epi files, Prefaces, Tables, or Commendatory Verfcs, fhall
be lawfully Licenfeed, either by the Archbifl)op ^/Canterbury, or the Bi-
foop of London for the time being, or by feme of their Chaplains, or by
the Chancellors or Fit e -Chancellors of either of the two Vniverftties, up-
on pain of loofing the Exercife of his Art, and being proceeded againfi in
the Star-Ch amber, or the High-Commiffion Court refepctfively '■> That no
Perfen or Perfons do hereafter Re-print, or caufe to be Re-printed, any
Book^or Bookj whatfeoever (though formerly Printed with Licenfe") with-
out beingreviewed, and a new Licenfe obtained for the Re-printing there-
of : That every Merchant, BookjfeUer, or other Perfen, who fhall Import
any Printed Bookj from beyond the Seas, fhall prefent a true Catalogue of
them to the fetid Archbifoop or Bifeop for the time being, before they be
delivered, or expo fed to Sale, upon pain of feuffering fuch Puniflsment as by
either of the faid two Courts refpeBively fhall be thought fit, That none of
the fetid Merchants, Bookcfillers, or others, fhall upon pain of the like Pu-
nifhment, deliver any of the Bookj feo Imported, till the Chaplains of the
faid Archbifhop or Bifejop for the time being, or feme other Learned Man
by them appointed, together with the Majier and Wardens of the Company
o/Stationers, or one of them, foall take a view of the fame, with Power
to feizs on all fuch Bookj which they found to be Schifematical and Offenfive^
and bring them to the fetid Archbifhop or Bifl.wp, or to the High-Commiffi-
on Office: And finally, That no Merchant, Book:feeller, &C. fhould
Print, or caufe to be Printed beyond the Seas, any Book, or Bookj) which
either totally, or for the greateft part, were written in the Engliftl
Tongue, whether the faid Bookj have been here formerly Printed, or n»t'->
nor fhall willingly nor knowingly Import any fuch Bookj into this
Kingdom^ upon pain of being proceeded againfi in either of the fetid two
Courts refpectively, as before is fetid. By means of which Decree he
had fo provided both at home and abroad. That neither the Patience
of the State (hould be exercifed ("as in former times) with continual
Libels i nor the Church troubled by unwarrantable and Out-landifh
Doctrines.
But good Lawsareof noeffeft without execution, and if he took
no care for that, he had loft his labour. King James had manifefted
his diflikeof the Gentvian Bibles, and the Notes upon them 3 Come of *
Which did not only teach Difobedience to Kings and Princes, but
the murthering of them alfo, if they proved Idolaters , and others
Aid not only teach the Lawfulnefs of breaking Faith arid Promife^
X x when
The Life o/William
PARTIL when the keeping of it might conduce to the hurtof the'Gofpel ■: but
AnmVom. ranked Archbifhops, Bifliops, and all men in Holy Orders, or Acade-
1638. mi col Degrees^ amongft thofe LcchJIs in the Revelation^ which came
W^"V~*isJ out of the Pit. That King gave Order thereupon, that the Bible of
the New Tranflation (hould be Printed with no Notes at all 5 which
courfe he alfo recommended to the Synod of Dort, to be obferved
in the new Tranflation of the Bible into the Dutch or German Tongue,
which was then intended. Upon this ground, the Printing of thofe
Bibles with Notes upon them had been forbidden in this Kingdom :
but were Printed in Holland notwithstanding, and brought over hi-
ther, the better to keep up the Faction, and affront Authority. Some
of them had before been feifed in Holland^ by the care of Eefwel the
Refidentat the Hague : And in the beginning of this year, he received
Advcrtifement of anew Impreffion of the fame defigned for England^
if the terrour of this Decree did not ftop their coming. Becaufe Hol-
Und, and the reft of the Provinces under the Government of the
States, was made the Receptacle of many of our Evglifo Male-con-
tents, who there and from thence vented their own Paffions, and the
Difcourfes of their Party in this Kingdom, to the difturbance of the
Church 5 it concerned him to keep a careful watch over them and their
*• Actions. Ofthefe he had Advertifement from timeto time, by one
John de Mane % and thereupon, by the means of Bvfael hisxigbt trufty
Friend, he dealt fo effectually with the states-General of thofe Pro-
vinces, that they made a Proclamation againft the Printers and
Spreaders of Libellous and Seditious Books againft the Church and
Prelates of England? and took Order with the Magiftrates of Amfier-
Canu Doom* d.am and Rotterdam (two great Towns in Holland) for apprehending
P'34?' and punifhingof fuch Englishmen as had Printed any of the faid Law-
lefs and Unlicenfed Pamphlets.
There was a time when Queen Elizabeth beheld the Pope as her
greateft Enerny,in reference to her Mothers Marriage, her own Birth,
and confequently her Title to the Crown of England'? and many of
the Books which were Printed in and about that time, were full of
bittemefs.and revilings againft the Church of Rome it felf, and all the
Divine Offices, Ceremonies, and Performances of it. There was a
time alfo when the Calvinian Doctrines were embraced by many for
the Genuine Doctrines of this Church, to the great countenancing of
the Genevian Difcipline and Forms of Adminiftration : And not a
few of the Books then Printed, and fuch as after were Licenfcd in
Abbot's Time, aimed principally at the Maintenance of thofe Opi-
nions, which the latter Times found inconfiftent with the Churches
Doctrines. With equal diligence he endeavoured by his Decree to
hinder the Reprinting of the one and the other, that fo the Church
might reft in quiet, without any trouble or moleftation In her felf, or
giving offence to any other.
As little Trouble could be feared from Lecturers, as they now were
Regulated. The greateft part of thofe who had been Superinduced
into other Mens Cures (like a Dottor added to the Vajlor in Calvin's
Plat-form) had deferted their Stations, becaufe they would not read
the
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury.
the Common-Prayers in their Hoods and Surplices, according to the L I B, IV*
Kings Inftru&ions before remembred 5 fuch as remained being either Anno ~Dom*
founded on a conftarit or certain Maintenance, or feeing how little was [638..
to be gotten by a fiery and ungoverned Zeal, became more pliant and ^^/^J
conformable to the Rules of the Church : Not a Lecturer of this kind
found to ftand out in fome great DiocefTes, to keep up the Spirits of
the Faction, and create difturbances. And as for Combination-Lectu-
rers, named for the moftpartby the Biftiops, and to them accountable,
they alfo were required in fome places to read the fecond Service at
the Comm union-Table, to go into the Pulpit at the end of the Nicene
Creed, to ufe no other form of Prayer than that of the 5 5 Canon, after
the Sermon ended, to go back to the Table, and there read the Ser-
vice. All which being to be done in their Hoods and Surplices,
kept off the greateft part of the Rigid Calvinifis fromexercifing their
Gifts, as formerly in great Market-Towns. And as for the pofition
of the Communion-Table, it was no longer left to private Irtftructi-
ons, as it was at the full, when the Inquiry went no further, than, Whe-
ther the Lords Table was fo conveniently placed, that the Minilier might
beft be feen and heard of the Congregation? The more particular dif-
pofingof it, being left to Inference, Conjecture, or fome private Di-
rections. It now began to be more openly avowed in the Vifftation-
Articles of feveral Bifhopsand Archdeacons, fome of which we fhall
here produce, as a light to the reft : For thus we find it in the Arti-
cles for the Archdeaconry of Buckingham, Anno 1 637. Art. 5, Have
you a decent Table, or a Frame for the Holy Communion, placed at the
Eafl end of the Chancel? It is Railed in or Enclofed, fo as Men or Boys
cannot fit upon it, or throw their Hats upon it ? Is the fiid Rail and In-
ch fur e'fo made with Settles and kpeeling-Benches, at the foot or bottom
thereof, as the Communicants may fitly kneel there at the Receiving of
the Holy Communion ? The like for the Diocefsof Nortoich in the year
before, Where we find it thus 5 viz. Have ydu in your Church a Commit* Atu of the
nion-Table, a Carpet of StlkJ 8cc. And is the fame placed conveniently Vifit. of B.
Jo as the Minifier may beji be heard in his Adminifiration, and the Wren.
greatefl number may reverently Communicate ? To that end, Doth it or-
dinarily ftand up at the Eafl end of the Chancel, where the Altar in for-
mer times flood, the ends thereof 'being placed North and South: And in a-
nother Article it is thus inquired, viz,. Do all your Par ifln oners, of what
fort foever, according as the Church exprefly then commandeth^ draw near9
and with allchriflian Hummty and Reverence , come to the Lords Table,
*when they are to receive the Holy Communion? But becaufe thefe Arti-
cles might be thought too general, if not otherwife limited, certain
InjunQions were annexed in Writing, in one of which it was required.
That the faid Tables JJjould be Railed in, to avoid Frophanations 5 and
fecondly, That all Communicants fhould come up by Files, and Receive
the Sacrament at the fame. Which was performed in this mammer : As
many as could well kneel clofeto the Rails, cameup out of the Church
or Chancel, and then upon their knees received ("from the Prieft ftand-*
ing within the Rails} the Bread and Wine, who being thus Commu-
nicated, retired into the Church or Chancel,and made room for others>
Xx2 Which
2 44 The Life o/William
PART II. Which courfe was conftantly obferved, till they had all Received the
AnnoVom* Sacrament in their ranks and forms, according to the antient Cuftom
1638. of the Church of England 5 till Novellifm, and Compliance with the
x^Cr^j Forms of Geneva., had introduced a deviation from their own ap-
pointments.
In this condition ftood that Dioceft, as to thefe particulars, when
Wren, tranflated unto Ely> left the place to Monntague 3 who though
he was as zealous, and as forward as he in railing in the Communion-
Table at theEaft end of the Chancel where the Altar ftood, ( as ap-
pears by his Vifitation Articles for this prefentyearj yet he had fan-
cied to himfelf a middle Courfe between receiving at the Rail and
carrying the Communion to all parts of the Church, as had been mod
irreverently ufed in too many places. And therefore that he might
dofomewhat to be called his own, hecaufeda meeting of the Clergy
to be held at ipjhrirh for the parts adjoyrting, where he prefcribed
thefe following Orders : That is to fay, cc Firft, After the words, or
cc fexhortation pronounced by the Minifter fftandingatthe Commu-
cc nion-Table, the Parilhioners as yet (landing in the body of the
" Church ) Draft) near, fkc. all which intended to Communicate (hould
cc come out of the Church into the Chancel. Secondly, That all being
cc comein, the Chancel door (hould be (hut, and not opened till the
cc Communion be done 3 That no Communicant depart till the Dif-
tc million ; That no new Communicant come in amongft them 5 And
cc that no Boys, Girls, or Gazers be fufTered to look in as at a Play.
cc Thirdly, That the Communicants being entred (hould be difpofed of
- <c orderly in their (everal Ranks, leaving fufficient room for the Prieft
<cor Minifter to go between them 3 by whom they were to be com-
«c municated one Rank after another,till they had all of them received.
ce Fourthly, and finally, That after they had all received, the Prieft
"of Minifter (hould difmifs them with the Benedi&ion. Which
though it differed very little from the Rules prefcribed by his Prede-
ce(Tor, yet fome diverfity there was, for which he rendred an account
to his Metropolitan, and was by Wren fufficiently anfwered in all points
thereof. It was not coming up to the Rail, but going into the Chan-
cel, which had been ftomached, and oppofed by the Puritan Faction,
who loved to make all places equal, and toobferveas little reverence
in the Participation as in all other Ads of Worftiip Which Monntague
either not confidering or fancying to himfelf fome hopes which he had
no ground for, refolved to fall upon tins courfe, which he con-
ceived to be more agreeable to the courfe of Antiquity, and moft
confident as he thought with the Rules of Politic For by this
condefcenfion he prefumed, as himfelf informs us, to keep many men
at home with their Wives and Families, in obedience to his Majelties
Laws, who otherwife were upon a refolution of departing the King-
dom wherein how much he was deceived, the event difcovered.
Forfoit was, that the people in many great trading Towns, which
were near the Sea, having been long difcharged of the Bond of Ce-
remonies, no (boner came to hear the leaftnoifeof a Conformity, but
they began to (purii againft it. And when they found that all their
ftriving
Lor A <iArchUfhof of Canterbury.
345
driving was in vain, that they had loft the comfort of their Lecturers, LIB. IV.
and that their Minifters began to fhrink at the very name of a Vifita- Anno Vom.
tion, it was no hard matter for thofe Minifters and Lecturers to per- 1658.
fwade them to remove their dwellings, and tranfport their Trades. C^"V""S&J
The Sun of Heaven,fay they,doth thine as comfortably in otherpraces,
the Son of Righteoufnefs much brighter: Better to go and dwell in
Gojhen, find it where we can, than tarry in the midftpf fuch an Egyptian.
darknefs as was then falling on this Land. Thefinful corruptions of
the Church ( faid they) were now grown fo general, that there was no
place free from that Contagion, and infections of it 5 and therefore go
out of her My people, and be not partaker of her fins. And hereunto
they were the more eafily perfwaded by feeing fd many Dutchmen
with their Wives and Children to forfokethe Kingdom 3 who having
got Wealth enough in England, chofe rather to go back to their Na-
tive Countries, than to be obliged to refort to their Parifh Churches,
as by the Archbifhops Injunctions they were bound to do. Amongft
the firft which feparated upon this account were Goodwin, Nye, Bur-
roughs, Bridge, and sympfon 5 who taking fome of their followers with
them, betook themfelvcs to Holland, as their City of Refuge. There
they filled up their Congregations to fo great a number, that it was
thought fit to be divided ■> Goodwin and Nye retiring unto Arnheim, a
Town of Gelderland'-y Sympfon and Bridge fixing at Rotterdam in Hoi-
land: but what became of Burroughs I am yet to feek. Thefe men
affecting neither the fevere Difcipline of Presbytery, nor the Licenci-
oufiiefs incident to Brovenifm, embraced Robin fons Mod del of Church-
Government in their Congregations, confiftingof a Co-ordination of
feveral Churches for their mutual comfort, not a Subordination of the
one to the other, in the way of direction or command. Hence came
that name of Independents, continued unto thofe amongft us, who
neither alTociate themfelves with the Presbyterians, nor embrace the
Frenfiesof the Anabaptifts. But they foon found the Folly of their
Divifions, Rotterdam growing too narrow a place for Bridge and Symp-
fon, fothat this laft was forced to leave it, and Ward who fucceeded
•him could not tarry long. More unity there was at Arnheim, where
their Preachers did not think they had done enough in confirming
their new Church to the Pattern which they few in the Mount, if it
were not Apoftolical in the higheft perfection: To Which end they
not only admitted of Hymns, and prophecyings which the Sifter-Con-
gregatidns had not enterrained: but dt Widdoxvs, and the holy Kifs,
cafhired for the avoiding of Scandal in the Primitive times 5 yea, and
of the Extreme Vn&ion alfi, the exercife whereof by Kijjin and Pa-
tients I had rather the Reader (hould take out of the Gangnena, than
expect from me.
The curteous entertainment which thefe people found in the Bel-
gic^ Provinces, might eafily have ferved for a ftrong temptation to
bring over the reft to enjoy the like : But the Country was too nar-
row for them, and the Brethren of the Separation aefired elbow-
room for fear of Enterfeering with one another. New-England was '
chiefly in their eye, a Puritan Plantation from the firft beginning, and
there-
346 The Life of W i l l i a m
PART If. therefore fitter for the growth of the Zuinglian or Calvinian Gofpcl
Awo Vom, than any Country vvhatfoever. A Country firft difcovercd to anv
1638. purpofe by one Captain Gofnold, Anno 1602. and in the, next year
^w/W>^ more perfectly furveyedby forhe oVuriffoli afterwards granted by
King James, Anno 1606. unto a Corporation of Knights, Gentlemen,
* and Merchants to be planted anddifpofed of for the Publick, under
the Ordering and Direction of Chief Juftice Popham, by whom a Co-
lony was fent thither in the year next following at What time they
built St. Georges Fort tofecure their Haven, that they might have a"
v x door open for their going thence, which foon -after followed. And
though the Adventurers made a further attempt inthe year \6\6. yet
it never fetled into Form till the building of New-Plymouth, in the
year 1620. and fome incouragements being fent thence to bring other*
on, it came in very (hort (pace to fofwifta growth, that no Plantation
for the time ever went beyond it 5 New Brijlol, new Boffon, and new
Bamfiuble, being quickly added to the other, (a) The growth of
tHrba'omnis'ex Rome and new England had the like foundation, both San&Uarie*
finitimis genti- for fuch of the neighbouring Nations as longed for Novelties and In-
rmima^iJa novat,ons both in^Church and State. But let the Reader take their
confluxit . Liv. Character from(7>) de Lact a right good Chorographcr, in the third
Hift.Lib. 1. Book of his Defcription of America, where he informethus, that the
fceColmos,uti firft Planters, and thofe which followed after them were altogether of
QrilhtquipQ. that Seer, which in England were called Brownijls or Puritans ^ many
^mlflZ"^ of which had formerly betaken themfelves to Holland, but afterwards
omnho fuijje departed thence to joyn with their brethren m New-England. The
J»w?5*°^m Churches caft into the fame mould with thofe before, all of them fol-
Ti^Anglia^" lowing the device of Robin fon, that notorious SchiJmaticJ^,at the fpawn-
Brovniftas fa ingof the fecond feparation in Amjlerdam : Who, todiffinguifh his
emll'Se. followers from the brethren of the firft feparation governed by a Try-
lib.j.- cap. 8. formed Presbytery of Paftors, Elders, and Deacons, introduced a new
way of his own, leaving as much Exerci(e of Church Difcipline to
the whole Congreation, as was elftwhere enjoyed by the Paftors
and Elders.
In this eftate they ftood in the year 1633. at what time John de Lact
made that Character of them : Exceedingly increafed in fhort time
after, both in Men and Buildings, by thofe who frequently flocked
thither from moft parts of this Kingdom, either for fear of Punifhment,
or for danger of Debt, or to enjoy the folly of their Schifm with the
greater fafety. But vvhatfoever were the caufes of the Separation,
certain I am, thecrime was laid on the Archbifbop of Canterbury, a-
mongft the Articles of whofe Impeachment by the Houfe of Conv
mons, I find this for one, viz. That in his own perfon, and his Suffra-
gans, Victors, surrogates, Chancellors* or other Officers by his Command,
he had cattfi.d divers Learned, Pious and Orthodox Preachers of Gods
Word to be filcnced, fufpended, deprived, degraded, excommunicated,
or otherwife grieved and vexed without any jufi and lawful c a life where-
by, and by divers other mzans he hath kindred the Preaching of God.i
Word, and canfed divers of his Majeftics Subjects to for fake the King-
dom. So is the Judge to be accufed for all thofe mifchiefs, which the
con-
Lord zArcbbiJhop of Canterbury.
347
condemned Malefaftors, when they once brake Prifon may delign L I B. IV".
and execute. The principal Bell-weathers or thefe flocks, were Anno Vom*
Cotton, Chancy, Wells, Hooker, and perhaps Hugh Peters $ the reft, let 163 3...
'hem look after, whoarTecl fuch Company. Not much took notice of U^V**!
atthe firft, when they were few in Numbers^ and inconfiderable for
their Power: but growing up fo fall both in ftrength and multitude,
they began to carry a face of danger. For how .unfafe muft it be
thought both to Church and State, to fuffer fuch a conftant Recepta-
cle of difcontented, dangerous,and fchifmatical Perfons, to grow up lb
fall} from whence, as from the Bowels of the Trojan Horfe,fo many
Incendiaries might break out to inflame the Nation } New-England,
like the Spleen in the Natural Body, by drawing tait fo many fallen,
fed, and offenfive Humours, was not uniifeful and unferviceable to
the General Health: But when the Spleen is grown once too full,
and emptieth it felf into the Stomach, it both corrupts the Blood., and
difturbs the Head, and leaves the whole man wearifom to himfelf and
others. And therefore to prevent fuch milchiefs as might thence en-
fue, it was once under Confultation of the chief Phyfitians, who were
to take efpecial care of the Churches Health, to fend a Bifhop over to
them, for their better Government 5 and back him with fome Forces
to compel, if he were not otherwife able to perfwade Obedience. But
this Defign Was ftrangled in the firft Conception, by the violent break-
ings out of the Troubles in Scotland, which call upon us from this place
to look towards them.
And now again we are for Scotland, where we (pent the laft year in
doing nothing,and (hall Ipend this in doing that which was worfe than
nothing. The Infolericies of the Covenanters were now grown fo
great, that fome adviled the King to take the Sword into his hand,
and to reduce them to Obedience by force of A.rms, before they had
ripened their Intelligences, and formed a Party to their will both at
home and abroad : But the King would not hearken to it, reiblved
upon his Fathers way of (ending Commiffionei/s, and trying what he
might effect by Treaty and Negotiation. VWhich Refolution being
taken, the next ConGderation was for the choice of the man. The
well-affefred Scots pitched on the Marquifs of* Huntley, a man of great
Power in his own Country, true to theKinf j, and a profefied Enemy
to the Presbyterians. And to this end the Earl of Sterling Principal
Secretrary of Eftate, the Bilhops of Rofs and Brechin Privy-Coun-
fellorsboth, f/4/theClerk-Regifter, and spotfw ood Lord Prefident of
the sejfions (a moll deferving Son of a fteverend Father) made a
journey thence unto the King, and uf'^d their beft Endeavours with
him, to commit the managing of that r ,~eat Truft into Huntley s hands :
But the Court-Fa&ion carried it fo /the Marquifs Hamilton, whofe ^
Head was better than his Heart, '4 notable diiTembler, true .only to
his own ends, and a moft exceller 2 Mafter in the Art of Infinuation,
by which he firewed himfelf fo far into his Majefties good opinion^
that whofoever undertook the ztnrivetting of him, made him fafter \ii
it. And fo far had the man prevailed by his Arts and Inftrumer;ts,
fhat the Duke of Lenox was ' brought over to contribute his Affiftance^
ft?
548 The Life of William
PART II. to him 5 and rather chofe to commend the known Enemy of his Houle
Anno Vom. to that great Employment, than that a private Country-Gentleman
1638. (fuch as Huntley was) (hould carry the Honour from them both. And
^5^V-^>J therefore briefly in this place to fpeak of Hamilton, and his Proceed-
ings in the weighty Charge commited to him (in which he hath been
generally fufpe&ed to betray his Mafter ) we will fetch the Story fome-
what higher, that we may fee what ends he aimed at for himfelf, and
what enclined him rather to foment than quench the flames which had
been kindled in that Kingdom.
"Know therefore, That the Hamiltonian Family derives it felffrom
one Hamilton an Englijlmian, who went to try what Fortunes he could
find in Scotland: Neither himfelf nor his Pofterity of any great note,
till James'm. bearing a great affection to Sir James Hamilton, married
him to one of his Sifters whom he had forcibly taken from the Lord
Boyd her former Husband. From this unlawful Marriage defcendcd
another Jamest the.Grandchild of this* as impious and adulterous in
his fecond Marriage, as his Grandmother had been before : For having
married a Wife of one of the Noble Houfesof Scotland, he put her
ftiamefully away, and took into his Bed a Niece of Cardinal Bcton's,
who then fwayed all things in that Kingdom. Of this laft Marriage
came John Earl of Arran, Created by King James vi. the firft Marquifs
of Hamilton, the Father of John, and Grandfather of James Marquifs
of Hamilton, of whom we now fpeak. This man confidering with
himfelf, that he was defcended from a Daughter of King James ii. f but
without taking notice of any intervenient Flaws w hich occurred in
the Pedigree) conceived by little and little,That a Crown would look
as lovely upon his Head, as on the Heads of any which defcended
from a Daughter of James v. To give Tome life unto his Fancies,
he found the Great Men amongft the Scots in high difcontentments,
about the Revocation of Church-Lands, which the King then bufily
intended: The Popular Party in England no lefs difcontented,
by the Difiblving of three Parliaments one after another 5 and the
Puritans in both, by the great Power and Credit which fome Bifhops
had attained unto in either Kingdom. In which conjuncture, it was not
hard for him to conceive, That he might make unto himfelf a
ftrong Party in That, without fear of any oppofition to be made
from This. And fo far had his hopes gone with him, when he ob-
tained the Conduct of an Army, intended by his Majefty for affift-
ing of the King of Sweden in the Wars of Germany : An Army for
the mod part raifed in Scotland, and moft of the Commanders of that
Nation alfo, whom he had fo obliged unto him by his Arts and Flat-
teries, that a Health was openly begun by David Ram fey (a boisterous
Ruffian of that Court J to King James the Seventh : And lb much of
the D.efign was difcovered by him unto Donald Maukie Baron of Ret,
than being in the MarquifTes Camp, that the Loyal Gentleman
thought himfelf bound in duty to make it known unto the King. >Ram-
fey denying the whole matter^ and the Lords having no proof thereof
(as in fuch fecret Practices it could hardly be) more then a confident
afTeveration,andthe engagement of his Honour,thc King thought good
to
Lord Arcbbifbop of Canterbury, 349
to refer the Controverfieto the Earl of Lindjey, whom he made LordL I B. IV*
High-Conftable to that end and purpofe. Many days were fpentac- Anno Vom*
cordingly in purfuance of it : But when moft men expected that the 1638.
matter would be tryed by Battel, as had been accuftomed in fuch cafes, V-<^V^J
the Bufinefs was hufhed up at Court, the Lord Ree difmifled to his
Employment in the Wars, and, contrary to the mind of all good men,
the Marquis did not only continue. in the Kings great Favour: but
Ramfey was permitted to hold the Place of Gentleman of the Privy-
Chamber, which had been formerly procured for him.
As for the Army of Scots, confiding of 7000, if my memory fail not,
tranfported into Germany in the Summer before, Anno 163 1. they
mouldred away by little and little, without acting any thing} the
King of Sweden being then in a profperous condition, and not defiring
the Scots (hould carry away any part of the Spoil and Honour which
he doubted not of acquiring to his own Nation in thecourfe of the
War. This puts the Marquifs upon new Counfels 5 and in the courfe
of tnefe new Counfels, he was not only to foment thofe Animofities
which had been raifed in that Nation againft the King, but to remove
all thofe Impediments which might lye in the way betwixt him and his
afFe&ed Greatnefs. Two men there were whom he more feared than
all the reft, both of the Houfe of Graham, and both defcended from
a Son of King Robert the Second 5 and that too by a clearer Defcent,
than the Ham ilt on s could pretend from the Daughter of King jk/we/ ii.
The firft was William Earl of Menteith, defcended from an Heir-ge-
neral of David Earl of Stratherne, one of the younger Sons of King
Robert W. as before was faid : A man of found Abilities and approved
ArTe&ions, and therefore by the King made Prefident of the Council
in Scotland: In which Office he behaved himfelf, and ftood fo ftoutly
in behalf of the King his Mafter upon all occafions, that nothing could
be done for Advance of Hamiltons Defigns, till he was removed from
that Place. In order whereunto it was put into hishead by fbme of
that Faction, that he fhould fue unto the King to be Created Earl of
Stratherne, as the firft and moft honourable Title which belonged to
his Houfe 5 That his Merits were fo great, as to affure him not to
meet with a denial 5 and that the King could do no lefs, than to give
him fome nominal Reward for his real Services. On thefe Suggefti-
ons, he repaired to the Court of England 1632. where without any
great difficulty, he obtained his Suit, and waited on the King the
moft part of theSummer-Progrefsj no man being fo openly honoured,
and courted by the ScoMJIj Nation, as he feemedtobe: But no (bon-
er was he gone for Scotland, but the Hamiltonians terrified the King
with the Dangers which he had run into by that Creation, " whereby
he had revived in that proud and ambitious Perfon, the Rights which
his Anceftors pretended to the Crown of Scotland 5 That the King
could not choofe but fee how generally the Scots flock'd abbut him
(after his Creation) when he was at the Court, and would do fo
much more when he was in Scotland: And finally, That the proud
man already had fo far declared himfelf as to give it out, that the
King held the Crown of him. Hereupon a Commiflion was ipeedily
Y y ported
«••■-■ • '
35°
PART II. potted into Scotland (in which thofe of Hamiltons Faction made the
Amo Vortu greateft number) to inquire into his Life and Actions, and to confi-
1638. der of the Inconveniencies which might redound unto the King by
l^V^J his affecting this new Title. On the Return whereof, the poor Gen-
tleman is removed from his Office, from being one of the Privy Coun-
cil ? and not only deprived of the Title of the Earl of Stratherne,
but of that alfo of Menteith, which for a long time had remained in
his Anceftors. And though he was not long after made Earl of Airth,
yet this great fall did fo difcourage him from all Publick Bufine ffes,
that he retired to his own Houfe, and left the way open to the Hamil-
toneans to play their own Game as they lifted. Faithful for all this to
the King, in all changes of Fortunes neither adhering to the Covenant-
ers^ nor giving the leaft countenance to them, when he might not only
have done it with fafety, but with many perfonal Advantages which
were tendred him.
The other Bar to be thrufl: back, was the Earl of Montrofs, of the
fame Houfe, and defcended from the fame Original 5 as plaufible with
the Soul diers and Men of War, ashisCofin of Menteith was powerful
at the Council-Tabie. This man returning out of France in the flow-
er and Bravery of his Age, had an intent of putting himfelf into the
Kings Service, and was advifed to make his way by the Marquis of
Hamilton who, knowing the Gallantry of the Man, and fearing a
Competitor in his Majefties Favour, cunningly told him, That he
would do him any Service : but that the King was fo wholly given up
to the Englijh,and fo difcountenanced and flighted the scottijh Nation,
that were it not for doing Service to his Country (which the King in-
tended to reduce into the form of a Province J he could not fuffer the
Indignities which were put upon him. This done, he repairs unto the
King, tells him of the Earls return from France, and of his purpofe to
attend him at the time appointed : but that he was fo Powerful, fo
Popular, and of fuch efteem amongft the scots, by reafon of an old
Delcent from the Royal Family, that if he were not nipped in the bud
(as we ufe to fay) he might indangerthe Kings intereft and affairs in
Scotland. The Earl being brought unto the King, with very great
demonitrations of affection on the Marquis his part, the King with-
out taking any great notice of him, gave him his hand to kifs, and fo
turned afide 5 which confirmed him in the Truth of that falfe Report,
which Hamilton had delivered to him : So that in great difpleafure and
difdain, he makes for Scotland. There finds he Colonel Alexander
Lejly (an obfcure fellow, but made rich with the Spoils of Germany')
as difcontented as himfelf, for being denied the honourable Title of a
Baron, which he ambitioufly fought for at the Kings being there. And
be found them there alfo, who perceived on what foot he halted,
and knew well how to work on fuch humours as he brought along with
him, till by feconding the Information which he had brought from
Hamilton, they had fafhioned him wholly to their will : For they pre.
vailed fb far upon him, that at the firft he cordially efpoufed their
Quarrel againft the Liturgie and Canons, and whatsoever elfe they
found fault withal in the Publick Government 5 he being one of thbfe
Great
Lord ^rchbijhop of Canterbury. j^i
Great Perfons (and as forward as any of them allj who publifhed a LI B. IV.
Protejiation at the Crofs in Edenborough, againfb one of his Majefties Anno Vom.
Proclamations of Grace and Favour : But afterwards being difpleafed 1638.
that Lefty was preferred before him in Commanding the Army 5 and L-^"V^l
looking thereupon more carefully into the depth of the Defign than
at firft he did, heeftranged himfelf from them by degrees, and at laft
became the mod: eminent Inftrument that ever his Majefty employed in
his Wars with that People.
But Hamilton had another remove to make, without which all the
reft were nothing 5 and that was the removing of the Earl of Mar from
theCuftody and Command of theCaftle of Edenborough (Tome time
Hereditary to that Houfe) and gaining it unto himfelf. To this Remove
the Earl confented, becaufe he found how earneftly his Majefty defi-
reditofhim, from whom herecieved a Compenfation in Mony forit.
At fo great charge was the King, to put Hamilton into as full poftefli-
onof the Strengths of that City, as he had got before in the hearts of
the Citizens. The way being thus prepared, and all Rubs removed,
on Saturday May 26. he fet forwards for Scotland, and in fhort. time
came to Dalkcith,m Houfe of the Earl of Mortons four Miles from Eden-
borough, where he repofed himfelf a while 5 that he might make his En-
try into the City withthe greater honour. After fomefeeming diffiden- *
ces betwixt him and the Covenanters, he puts himfelf into Holy-Rood
Houfe, where the firft thing he did, was the waving of his Attendance at
the Reading of the Englift) Liturgie, which had been fettled in the chap-
pel-Royalo£ that Houfe by the care of King James, Anno 161 7. and after
fome negle&s and intermiffions, reftoredby the Piety of King Charles,
Anno 1633. as before was fignified. It was no hard matter to difcern by
his ads in this, whofe Game it was he meant to play, for what it was
that he had held the fhulfling of the Cards fo long, and who was like to
win the Set, when none but he had the dealing of them : For he fo pli-
ed the King from one time to another, fometimes by reprefenting the
extreme difficulties, and fometimes the apparent dangers in which his
Affairs there ftood involved 5 that he drew him to fling up all in in left
than three Monthsj which King James and he had been projecting
above thrice ten years. For firft, by his Proclamation bearing date
June 28. he fufpends the prefent execution of the Canons and Liturgie,
difchargeth all Afts of Council made for the eftablifhment of them,
and promifeth fo to regulate the High-Commiffion, that it mould nei-
ther impugn the Laws, nor be a juft grievance to the Subject. By a
fecond, bearing date September 9. he difchargeth the Liturgie, Ca-
nons, . and High-Commijfion (this laft being of King James his inftitu-
ting, Anno 16 10. J rescinding all Proclamations and Atts whatfoever,
which had been made for the eftablifhing of the fame, and by the
fame, fufpends the executing of the Five Articles of Perth, though
confirmed by Parliament. By the fame alfohe fubjeð all his Mi-
nifters, as well Ecclefiaftical as Civil, to the Cenfare of Parliaments,
General AfTemblies,' or any other competent Judicatory: And frees
all Minifters at their Entry from taking the Oath of Canonical Obedience,
that againft Symonie,or any other not enjoined by Acts of Parliament*
Yy 2 By
The Life o/William
PART II. By the fame alfo he commands the Subfcribing of the Cenfejfion of
Anno Vdm. Faith) with the Band thereunto annexed, which the Covenanters before
1^58. had prefs'd on the People, and upon which they had placed fuch a
^"^^ great part of their confidence, that they folemnly protefted to Hamil-
ton at his firft coming thither, That they would rather renounce their
Baptifm, than rAinquifli their Covenant. And this he did for no other
WibU Keg. p- Realon. as appears by a Letter of the fame date to the Lords of the
i.p.i 51. Council, than to legitimate the Rebellion ^Becaufenot being Warranted
before by Regal Authority ', it niuft needs be in it fclf ineffectual, and
prejudicial to the Antient Form of Government kept within that his
Kingdom of Scotland. And finally, by his Royal Edi& ', bearing date
the 22d. of the fame month, he gives Order for a General Affembly^
to be held at Glafto on November i\> next following s in which he
could not but be fure, that after (b many previous Condefcenfions on
his part, they would be able to dowhatfoever they lifted in defiance
of him.
For, before the affembly was Indicted, the Covenanters had fo laid
the Plot, that none but thofeof their own Party mould have Suffrage
in it 5 as afterwards by feveral Orders from their Tables^hey directed
that no Chaplain, nor Chapter-man, nor any who have not fubferibed
the Covenant^ mould be chofen to it notfuffenng the Archbimops or
Bifhopsto fit as1 Moderators in their Presbyteries, where the Elections
were to pafs •-> and citing them to appear as Criminal Perfons at the
faid Affembly : by means of which Exclufionsand Prelynitations,the
greateft part of the Affembly did confift of fuch as either were irre-
gularly chofen by the over-ruling Voices of Lay-Elders which were
thruft upon them, or elfenot capable of being Elected, forneof them
being under the Cenfures of the Kirk,, of Scotland, others under the
Ceniures of the Church of Ireland, and fome not having taken the
Oath of supremacy required by the Laws of the Land. Upon which
juft and weighty Reafons, as alfo the Admiffion of the Schifmatical
Clergy to fit as Judges over their Bilhops 5 theintrufion offo many
Lay-Elders, contrary tothe Conftitution of former General Ajfembliesj
the countenancing of a fcandalous Libel againft their Function and
Perfons} and the prejudging of their Caufe in their feveral Presby-
teries, by excluding them from having any Vote in the faid Affembly,
when they were not prefent to interpofeor fpeak any thing in their
own behalf, the Archbifhops and Bifhops,iD the name of themfel ves,and
all which did adhere unto them, prepared their Declinator or Prote-
ction againft the faid General Affembly, and all the Ads and Conclu-
lionsofit, as being void, and null in Law to all intents and purpofes
whatfoever. The day being come, Hamilton marcheth tothe place
appointed for the Seffion, in the equipage of a High-Commiffioner,
the Sword and Seal being carried before him, the Lords of the Coun-
cil, and all the Officers of State, attending on him like a King indeed.
The reading of his Commiffion, the putting in and rejecting of the
'Declinator, the chufing of Henderfin tobe Moderator of the Allembly.
theconftitirtingof the Members of it, and fome Debates touching the
Votes and Suffrages-challenged by Hamilton for fuch as were Affeffors
to
Lord zjrcbbijhopof Canterbury. 35? •
to him, took up all the time between their firft Meeting and their LIB. IV.
Difiblution, which was by Proclamation folemnly declared on the Anno Vom*
twenty ninth of the fame Month, having (ate one eight days by the 163 8.
Kings Authority. C^V^W
For notwithftanding the faid Diflblution, the Members of the faid
Aflembly continued and kept their Seffion3 and therein pafled many
Acts for the utter overthrow of the Politie and Government of the
Church, the infringing of his Majefties Prerogative Royal, and vio-
lating the Authority of Parliaments. For they not only Excommu- 1
nicated the Bifhops and their Adherents, but condemned the very
Function it (elf to be Anttchrifiian^ and utterly to be abolifhed out of
the Church} notwithftanding that feveral Parliaments had confirmed
the fame. The like Cenfure they alio part on the Service-Book^ and
Canons^, with the five Articles of Perth '■> though the two firft received
the Stamp of Royal Authority, and the five laft were confirmed in
Parliament alfo. They condemned in one breath all the Armini&n
Tenents, in cafe of Predcflination, without examining the Arguments
on which they were built 5 and declared all men fubjedt to Excemmu-
nication^ and other Cenfuresof the Church, who fhould refute to yield
obedience to all their unlawful Actings and Determinations. And
though his Majefty by the fame Proclamation had commanded all his
faithful Subjects not to yield any obedience to their Acts and Ordi-
nances, and bound himfelf in the Word of a King to defend them in
it 5 yetthofeof the Aflembly were refolved to maintain their Autho-
rity. For notwithftanding his Majefties late Declaration and Com-
mands, not only the Bifliops and Clergy, but alfo as many of the Lay ty
as had refufed to fubfcribe to the Acts thereof, were deprived of their
Offices and Preferments, baniftied their Country, and forced to flye
into England, or other places, the King not being able to protect them
from the power and malice of their Adverfaries. For having loft the
opportunity of fuppreffing them in their firft Infurredtion in the year
precedent, and afterwards of reducing them by force of Arms in the
year next following, he was forced to Ihuffle up fuch a Pacification in
the Parliaments of both Kingdoms, Anno 1641. as left his Party defti-
tute of all protection, but what they found in Englandby his Majefties
Favour in providing the Clergy of fome fmall Benefices for their pre-
fent fubfiftance, which poffibly might amount to more than formerly
they enjoyed in their own Country.
And yet the Covenanters did not play all parts inthis Aflembly, the
King and his Commiffioner had one part to aft, which was the prefent-
ing of a Declaration, containing the fum and fubftance of all his Maje-
fties gracious Condelcenfions, expreft in the feveral Proclamations
before remembred, and a Command to have it regiftred in the Acts
and Records thereof. But upon what considerations and reafons of
State his Majefty might be moved to commit that Paper to be regiftred
amongft the Acts of Ajjembly, is beyond my reach. For though many
times the wifeft Princes have fent out Proclamations of Grace for re-
drefs of Grievances, and pardoning of fore-pair, offences 5 yet were
thofe Proclamations and Acts of Grace beheld no otherwife than as
temporary
354
PART II. temporary and occafional Remedies for the prefentmifchiefs, not to
A»tta. ~Dam bt drawn into Example, and much lefs put upon Record for the" times
j 6 3 8. enjuing S his Majefties Condefcenfions had been large enough, and
■cx^V^J too much to the prejudice of his Crown and Dignity -^vuhOut this En-
rollment. Nor wants it fomewhat of a Riddle, that at fuch. time as
■Hamilton tendredthe Paper of his Majefties gracious Concejhons for
di (charging of the service-Boo^ &c. to be enrolled amongft the Acts
of the Ajjetnbl^ he both declared, and protefted that his fo doing
fhould be no acknowledgment of the lawfulnefs and validity of that
Convention whichwas inftantly to be dilTolved ; or that his Majefty
ihould give order to have thofe A els of Grace and Favour enrolled in
the Records of the Aflembly, to ftandfull and fure to all his good
Subjects for their alTuranceof and in the true Religion ; which Altera-
bly at the fame time he declared to be illegal, and all the Acts there-
of to be null and void. Irauft confefs I am not Oedipus enough for fo
dark a sphinx, and muft therefore leave this depth of State-craft to
more able heads. Only I cannot chufe but note, how little his Majefty
got by thofe Condefcenlions ; theftubborn and rebellious Scots being
Co. far unfatisfied withthefe Acts of Grace, that they not only forced
all thofe who adhered unto him toflyethe Country : but intercepted
iiis Revenues, feazed on all his Forts and Caftles, and put themfelves
into a pofture of open War. And that they might be able to manage
it with the greater credit,they called home fome of their Commanders
out of Germany, and fome which ferved under the Pay of the States
General j lb. far prevailing with thofe States as to continue fuch Com-
manders in their Pay and Places as long as they remained in the Ser-
vice of the ScottiJI) Covenanters, A favour which his Majefty could
not get at their hands, nor had he fo much reafonto expect it as the
others had, if confidered rightly. It had been once their own cafe,
and they conceived they had good reafonto maintain it in others.
It may defervedlybe a matter of no fmall amazement, that thi>
poor and unprovided Nation, (hould dare to put fuch bailies and af-
fronts upon their Lawful King, the Ring being backtby the united
Forces of England and Ireland, obeyed at home, and rendred formi-
dable unto all his Neighbours by a puifiant Navy, they muft have
fome aflurances more than ordinary which might enflame them tothis
height 5 and what they were it may not beamifs to enquire into. Firft
then they had the King for their natural Country-man, born in that
Air. preferving a good affedtion for them to the very laft} and who
by giving them the Title of his Antient and Native Kingdom (ashedid
moft commonlyj gave them fome reafon to believe, that he valued
them above the EngliJJ). They had in the next place fuch a ftrong
Party of Scots about him, that he could neither ftiror fpeak, fcarce
fo much as think, but they were made acquinted with it. In the Bed-
Chamber they had an equal number of Gentlemen, and feven Grooms
for one $ in the. Prefence-Chamber more than an equal number a-
mongft the Gentlemen Ufhers, Quarter-Waiters, O-c, In the Privy-
chamber, befides the Carvers and Cup-bearers, fuch a difproportion
of the Gentlemen belonging»ojt9 that once at a full Table of Waiters,
Lord <td rchbijhop of Canterbury. 355
each of them having a Servant or two to attend upon him, I and my LIB. fV.
man were the only Englifi in all the Company. By which the King Anno Vom.
wasfo obferved, and betrayed withal, that as far as they could find 1658.
his meaning by Words, by Signs, and Circumiranccs, or the filent C^V^J
language of a Jhrug, it was potted prefently into Scotland, fome of his
Bed- Chamber being grown fo bold and faucy, that they ufed to Ran-
fack his Pockets when he was in bed, to tranfcribe fuch letters as they
found, and fend the Copies to their Countrymen in the way of intelli-
gence* A thing fo well known about the Court, that the Archbiihop
of Canterbury in one of his Letters, gave him this memento, that he
ftiouldnot truft his Pockets with it. For Offices of truft and credit
they were as well accommodated as with thofe of fervice, Hamilton
Mafterof rheHorfe, who (rocked the Stables with that People 5 The
Earl of Morton, Captain of his Majefties Guard ; The Earl of An-
cram, Keeper of the Privy Purfe$ The Duke of Lenox^ Warden of
the Cinque Ports, and Conftable of Dover Cajllc'-, Balfore Licvtenant
of the Tower, the Fortrefsof moft power and command in England'-)
And Wemmys, the Matter Gunner of his Majefties Navy, who had
theifluingof the Stores, and Ammunition, deftgned unto it. Look
on them in the Church, and wefhall find fomany of that Nation be-
neficed and preferred in all parts of this Country, that their Ecclefi-
aftical Revenues could not but amount to more then all the yearly
Rents of the Kirk of Scotland, and all of thefefcarceone in ten, who
did not cordially eipoufe and promote their Caufe amongft the Peo-
ple. They had befide no lefs aflurance of the Englijlj Puritans than
they had of their own 5 thofe in Court ("of which there was no very
fmall number ) being headed by the Earl of Holland) thofe in the
Country by his Brother the Earl of Warwick the firft being aptly
called in a Letter of the Lord Conway* to the Lord Archbilhop, The
fpiritual, and invifible head, the other, The vifible and temporal head
of the P«r7f4«Facl:ion.And which was more than all the reft, they had
the Marquifs'of Hamilton fox their Lord and Patron, of fo great power..
about the King,fuch authority in the Court of Engl and, fuck a powerful
influence on the Council of Scotland, and fuch a general Command
over all that Nation, that his pleafure amongft them paftfor Law,
and his words for Oracles 5 all matters of Grace and Favour aftribed
to him, matters of harfhneis or diftaftetothe King or Canterbury. To
fpeak the matter in a word, he was grown of Scots in Faft, though
not in Title 5 His Majefty being looked on by them as a Cypher only
in the Arithmetic^ of State.
But notwithstanding their confidence in all thefe Items, taking in
the Imprimis too, they might have reckoned without their Hoftinthe
Summa totalis, the Englifti Nation being generally difafFected to'
them, and paflionately afFefting the Kings quarrel againft them. The
fenfe and apprehenfion of fo many indignities prevailed upon the King
at laft to unfheath the Sword, more juftly in it felf, and more jufti-
fiably in the fight of others 5 the Rebels having reje&ed all his offers
of Grace and Favour, and growing the more infblent by his Conde-
fcenfions. So that refolved, or rather forced upon the War, he muft
bethink
356 TheLife of W i l l i a m
PART IT. bethink hirafelf of means to go thorow with it: To which end Bttr-
Anno Vom. rows the Principal King of Arms, is commanded to fearch into the
1638. Records of the Tower, and to return at Extract of what he found re-
f^J\^^ lating to the War of Scotland'-, which he prefented to the Archbifhop
intheendof December? tothis effect, viz.. 1. "Thatfuch Lords ando-
c;thersas had Lands and Livings upon the Borders, were commanded
cc to refide there with their Retinue 5 and thofe that had Caftles there,
<cwere enjoined to Fortifie them* 2. That the Lords of the King-
cc dom were Summoned by Writ,to attend the Kings Array with Horfe
" and Armour at a certain time and place, according to their Service
ccdueto the King 5 or repair to the Exchequer before that day, and
ccand make Fine for their Service: Asalfowere all Widows, Dowa-
" gers of fuch Lords as were deceafed; and fo were all Bifhops and
" Ecclefiaftical Perfons. 3. That Proclamations were likewife made
"by Sheriffs in every County, That all menholding of the King by
cc Knights-service or sergeancy^ fhould come to the Kings Army, or
cc make Fines as aforefaid 5 with a ftrict command. That none fhould
" conceal their Service under a great Penalty. 4. As alfo. That all
" men having 40/. Land per Annum ', fhould come to the Kings Army
cC with Horfe and Armour; of which if any failedto come or to make
"Fine, their Lands, Tenements, Goods, and Chattels werediftrain-
"edbythe Sheriff upon Summons out of the Exchequer. 5. That
" Commiffions fhould be iffued out for Levying of Men in every
cc County, and bringing them to the Kings Army: That the like be
"done for Muttering and Arraying the Clergy throughout Eng-
ccland-, or otherwife, to furnifh the King with a proportion of Ar-
ccmed Men for the prefent Service. 6. That Writs be iffued out
" into all Counties, for certifying the King what number of Horfe and
<c Foot every County could afford him in his Wars with Scotland.
"7. The likealfbto the Borders, requiring them to come unto the
" Kings Army well armed; Commiffions to be made for punifhing fuch
" as refufed. 8. That the Sheriffs of the Counties were commanded
" by Writ to make Provisions of Corn and Victuals for the Kings Ar-
" my, and to caufe them to be carried to the place appointed. The
"like Commandfentto the Merchants inthe Port-Towns of England
"and Ireland'-, and the Ships of the Subject taken to Tranfportfuch
" Provisions to the place affigned. o. Several Sums of Money raifed
" by Subfidies and Fifteens from the EngliJJ) Subject, and Aid of Mo-
"ney given and lent by the Merchant-Strangers, toward the Mainte-
nance of the War. 10. That the King ufed to fufpend the payment
"of his Debts for a certain time, in regard of the great occasions he
" had to ufe Money in the Wars of Scotland. Other Memorials were
"returned to the fame effect : bux thefe the principal.
According to thefe Inftructions, his Ma jefty directs his Letters to the .
Temporal Lords, his Writs to the High-Sheriffs, his Orders to the
, Lord-Lievtenants and Deputy Lievtenants in their feveral Counties,
his Proclamations generally to all his Subjects 5 Requiring of them all
fuch A ids and Services in his prefent Wars, as either by Laws, or An-
tient Cuftoms of the Land, they were bound to give him. He caufed
an
■ ■ — ■
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury ^57
an Order alfoto be made by the Lords of the Council, dire&ed to the L T B. IV,
the two nrchbiuhops, January, 29. by which they were Kequiredand AmoVonu
Commanded, " To write their feveral and refpecVive Letters to all the 1 638..
<s Lords Biihops in their feveral Provinces refpe&ivelv, forthwith to
c; convene before them all the Clergy of Ability in their Diocefles,
-; and to incite them by fuch ways and means as fhall be thought beft by
- • their Lord fhips, to aid and affift his Majefty with their fpeedy and
c; liberal Contributions, and otherwife, for defence of his Royal Per-
" fon, and of this Kingdom : And that the fame be lent to the Lord
* Treafurer of England with all diligence: Subfcribed by the Lord
Keeper Coventry, the Bifhop of London Lord Treafurer, the Earl of
Aianchefier Lord Privy Seal, the Duke of lew*, the Earl of Lindfty
Lord great Chamberlain, the Earl of ^r##jA?/Earl-ViarihaI5 the Earl
of Dorfet Lord Chamberlain to thcQieen, the Earl of Pembroke Lord
Chamberlain to the King,theEarlof HAW Chancellor of Cambridge,
C->itiugfon Matter of the Wards, Vane Treafurer of the. Houfhold,
Coo\e and Windebank^ the two Principal Sccretraries. Which War-
rant, whether it proceeded from the Kings own motion, or was pro-
cured by the Archbiftiop himfelfto promote the Service, is not much
material : Certain I am, that he conformed himfelfunto it with achear-
ful diligence, and did accordingly direct his Letters to his Suffragan
BiQiops in this following form.
I
My very good Lord,
Have received an Order front the Lords of his Majefiies mofi Honoura-
ble Privy Council^ giving me notice of the great Preparations made
by fome of Scotland , both of Arms and all other Keceffaries for War :
And that this can have no other end, than to invade or annoy this his
Majefiies Kingdom of England. For his Majejiy having a good while
face, mofi fac ion fly yielded to their Demands for fccuring the Religion by
Law efiabh fled amongft them, hath made it appear to the World, That
it is not Religion but Sedition that fiirs in them, and fills them with this
mofi irreligious Difibedience, which at last breakj forth into a high degree
of Treafon againji their Lawful Sovereign. In this Cafe of fo great dan-
ger both to the State and Church /^England, your Lordfljips, I doubt not,
and your Clergie under you, will not only be vigilant againji the clofe Workc
,n%s of any Pretenders in that kind; but very free alfb to your Power and
Proportion of means left to the Church, to contribute toward the railing of
fuch an Army, as, by Gods Blejfing and his Majefiies Care, may fecure
this Church and Kingdom from all intended Violence. And accordingto
the Order fent unto me by the Lords (a Copy whereof you fljall herewith
receive) thefe are to pray your Lordff)ip to give a good Example in your oWn
Ferfbn'-i and with all convenient fpeed to call your Clergie, and the abler
Schoolmafiers (as well thofe which are in Peculiars as others') and excite
them by your felf, and fuch Commijfioners as you will anfwer for, to con-
tribute to this Great and Neceffary Service in which if they give not a
good Example, they will be much too blame* But you are to call no poor
Curates, nor Stipendaries : but fuch as in other Legal ways of Payment
have
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART II. have been, andareby Order of Law bound to pay. The Proportion I know
Amto ~Dom. not well how to prefer ibe yon : but I hope they of your Clergie whom God
1638. hath blcjfed with better Ejlates than Ordinary , will give freely, and tier r-
t^^/^J by help the want of Means in others. And I hope alfo your Lordflrip will
Jo order it, as that every man will at the leaf} give after the Proportion of
3 s. 10 d. in the Pound, of the valuation of his Livings or other Prefer-
ment, in the Kings Book/, And this IthoTtght fit to let you further know,
That if any man have double Benefices, or a Benefice and a Prebend, or
the like, in divers Diocefiesh yet your Lordflrip muji call upon them only
for fuch Preferments as they have within your Diocefs, and leave them to
pay for any other which they hold, totheBifljop in whofe Diocefs their Pre-
ferments are. As for the time, your Lordflrip mufi ufe all the diligence y oil
c m, and fend tip the Moneys if it be pojjible by the firji of May next. And
for your Indcmpnity, the Lord Treafurer is to give you fuch dif charge,
by jtrikintra Tally or Tallies upon your fever al Payments into the Exche-
quer, as fijallbe fittofecure you without your Charge. Tour Lordflrip mufi
further be pleafed to fend up a Lijiof the Names of fuch -as refufe this Ser-
vice within their Diocefs : but I hope none will put you to that trouble. It
is further expeUed, That your Lordflrip, and every other BiJl>op, exprefs
by it felfandnot in the general Sum of his Clergie ..that which bimfelf gives.
And of this Service you mufi not fail, so to Gods blejfed Protetsion J leave
you, and reft,
Lambeth, fan. ult. Your Lordftiips very Loving Friend
1638. and Brother,
WILL. CANT.
On the receiving of thefe Letters, the Clergy were Convented in
their feveral Dioeefles, encouraged by their feveral Ordinaries not to
be wanting to his Majefty in the Prefent Service, and divers Prepara-
tions ufed before hand to difpofe them to it \ which wrought fo power-
fully and effectually on the greateft part of them (thofe which wiuYd
well unto the scots, feeming as forward in it as any other J that their
Contributions mounted higher than was expected. The Benevolence
of the Diocefs of Norwich only amounting to 2016/. 16 s. $ d. The
Archdeaconry of Winchefter only, tothefumof 1305 /. 5 /. 8 d. And
though we may not conclude of all the reft by the greatnefs of thefe,
yetmayitbe very fafelyfaid, that they did all exceeding bountifully
in their feveral proportions , with reference to the extent of their
DiocelTes, and the ability of their Ettates. Nor were the Judges of
the feveral Benches of the Courts at Wefitmnfier, and the great Offi-
cers under them, Protonotaries, Secondaries, and the like, defici-
ent in expreffing their good affections to this general caufe } in which
the fafety of the Realm, was as much concerned as his Majefties ho-
nour. And for the Doctors of the Laws, Chancellors, CommiiTa-
ries, Officials, and other Officers belonging to the Ecclefiaftica!
Courts, they were fpurred on to follow the example of the Secular
Judges (as having a more particular concernment in it) by a Letter
' ■ ■ ■ —
Lord sArchbijhop of Canterbury. 3 59
fent from the Archbifhop to the Dean of the Arches^ on February if. LIB. IV.
and by him communicated to the reft. By which Free-will offerings AnnoVont*
on the one fide, fome commanded duties on the other, and the well- 1658.
husbanding of his Majefties Revenue by the LordTreafurer Juxon, he i^V"^
was put into fuch a good condition, that he was able both toraifeand
maintain an Army with no charge to the Common Subjedr: but only a
little Coat and Conduft mony at their firft fetting out. Thefe prepa*
tionswerefufficientto give notice of a War approaching Without any
farther denouncing of it by a publick Herald 5 and yet there was ano-
ther accident which feemed as much to for e-fignifie it as thofe prepara-
tions. Miry de Medices, the Widow of King Henry iv. of France^
and Mother to the Qaeens of England and Spain, arrived at Harwich on
Oftober 19. and on the laft of the fame was with great State conducted
through the Streets of London to his Majefties Palace of St. James. A
Lady which for many years, had not lived out of the fmell of Powder,
and a guard of Muskets at her door, embroyled in wars and troubles
when (he lived in France , and drew them after her into Flanders ,
where they have ever fince continued. So that moft men were able to
prefageaTempeft, as Mariners by the appearing of fome Fifth, or the
flying of fome Birds about their (hips, can forefee a ftorm. His Ma-
jefty had took great caretoprevenr her comming, knowing full well
how chargeable a gueft (he would prove to him, and how unwelcome
to the Subject. To which end Bofrvel was commanded to ufe all his
wits for perfwading her to ftay in Hollands whither fhe had retired from
Flanders in the year precedent. But (he was wedded to her will, and
poflibly had received fuch invitations from her Daughter here, thatno-
thing but everlafting foul weather at Sea, and a perpetual crofs wind,
could have kept her there.
All things provided for the War, his Majefty thought fit tofatisfie
his good Subjects of both Kingdoms, not only of the Juftice which ap-
peared in this Afrion : but in the unavoidable neceffity which enforced
him to it. To which end he acquaints them by his Proclamation, of
the 20. of February , " How traiteroufly fome of the stottifi Nation had
"pra&iced to pervert his Loyal Subjects of this Realm, by fcattering
"abroad their Libellous and Seditious Pamphlets, mingling them-
selves at their publick meetings, and reproaching both his Perfon
" and Government 5 That he had never any intention to alter their Re-
' "ligion or Laws, but h id condefcended unto more for defence there-
" of than they had reafon to expeft } That they had rejected the Band
" and Covenant which themfelves had preft upon the people, becaufe
ccit was commended to them by his Authority, and having made
"a Covenant againft God and him, and made fuch Hoftile prepara-
tions, as if he were their (worn Enemy, and not their Kings That
"many of them were men of broken Fortunes, who becaufe they
"could not well be worfe, hoped by engaging in this War to make
" themfelves better 5 That they had aflumed unto themfelves the pow-
" er of the Prefs,one of the chief markes of the Regal Authority , prohi-
biting to Print what he commanded, and commanding to Print what
"he prohibited, and difmiffing the Printer whom he had eftablifhed
Zz 2 in
360
The Life o/William
PART II. "in that Kingdom 5 That they had raifed Arms, blockt up and be-
Anno pom- " fieged his Ca files, laid Impofitions and Taxes upon his people,
1 6 3 8. "threatned fuch as continued under Loyalty,with force and violence*
V-^V^W " That they had contemned the Authority of the Council-Table, and
" fet up Tables of their own, from which they fend their Edi&s
"throughout all parts of the Kingdom, contrary to the Laws therein
" dtablilbed, pretending in the mean time that the Laws were vio-
lated by himfelf* That the queftion was not now, whether the'Ser-
" vice-Book ftiould be received or not, or whether Epifcopacy fiiould
" continue or not, but whether he were King or not* That many of
"them, had denied the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance (for
"which fome of them had been committed) as inconfiftent, and in-
- "comptable with their holy Covenant* That being brought under a
" neceffiry of taking Arms, he had been traduced in fome of their
" writings for committing the Arms he had then raifed, into the hands
"of prorcfled r<f/>//?/3 a thing not only difhonourabletohimfelf, and
e : the faid noble perfons,butfalfe and odious in it felf * That fome e>f po~
" veer in the Hierarchy had been defamed for being thecaufe of his taking
ec Arms to invade that Kingdom^whoon the contrary had been only Councel-
"lors of peace j and the chief perjhaders (as much as in them lay) of
ccthe undefrved moderation ivherervith he had hitherto proceeded toward
t( ' f° great Offenders * That he had no intent by commending the Ser-
vice-Book unto them to innovate anything at all in their Religion,
" but only to create a conformity between the Churches of both King-
doms, and not to infringe any of their Liberties which were accord-
cc ing to-theLaws* That therefore he required all his loving Subjects
<cnotto receive any more of the laid (editious Pamphlets, but to de-
cc liver fuch of them as they had received, into the hands of the next
"Jufticeof the Peace, by himtobefent to one of his Ma jetties prin-
cipal Secretaries* And finally. That this his Proclamation and De-
claration be read in time of Divine Service in every Church within
" the Kingdom, that all his People to themeanefr,might fee the noto-
" rious carriages of thefe men, and likewife the Juftice and Mercy of
"all his proceedings.
And now hisMajefty is for Action, beginning the Journey towards
the North, March 27. being the Anniverfary day of his Inauguration.
His Army was advanced before, the beft for quality of the Perfons,
compleatnefs of Arms, number of (erviceable Horfe, and necedary
Provifion of all forts, that ever waited on a King of England to a War
with Scotland. Moft of the Nobility attended on him in their Per-
fons * and fuch as were to be excufed for Age and indifpofition, tefti-
fied their affections to his Majefties Service in good Sums of Money.
The Flower of the Englifh Gentry would not fray behind, butchear-
fully put themfelves into the Action, upon a confidence of getting ho-
nour for themfelves, as well as for their King or Country 5 many of
which had been at great charge in furnifhing themfelves for this Ex-
pedition, on an afTurance of being repaid in Favours what they fpent
in Troafure. And not a few of our old Commanders, which had
been trained up in the Wars, of Helland, and the King of Sweden,
deferted
LordtArchbi/hop of Canterbury.
361
deferted their Employments there to ferve their Soveraign, whether LIB. IV.
with a greater gallantry or affection, it is hard to fay. The Horfe Anno ZW
compqted to 6000. as good as ever charged on a (landing Enemy 5 1638.
The Foot of a fufficient number, though not proportionable to theV-^^V^*
Horfe, ftout men, and well affected for the moft part to the Caufe in
hand 5 the Cannon, Bullets, and all other forts of Ammunition, nothing
inferiour to the reft of the Preparations. An Army able to have
trampled all Scotland under their feet, ("Gods ordinary providence
concurring with them) and made the King as abfolutely Matter of that
Kingdom as any Prince could be of a conquered Nation. The chief
Command committed to the Earl of Arundel, who, though not bialTed
towardfto/we, fas the Scots reported him _) was known to be no friend
to the Puritan Faction : The Earl of Holland having been Captain of
his Majefties Guard, and formerly appointed to conduct fome frefh
Recruits to the -Oe of Rhee, was made Lieutenant of the Horfe. And
the Earl of Ejjex, who formerly had feen fome fervice in Hollmd, and
very well underftood the Art of War, Lieutenant- General of the
Foot. Befides which power that marcht by Land, there were fome
other Forces embarqued in a considerable part of the Royal Navy,
with plenty of Coin and Ammunition, which was putunder thecom-
mand of Hamilton (who muft be of the Quorum in all bufineffes)
with order to ply about the Coafts of Scotland, and thereby to fur-
prifetheir Ships, anddeftroy their Trade, and make fuch further at-
tempts to Landward, as opportunity (hould offer, and the nature of
affairs require.
It is reported ( and I have it from a very good hand) that when the
old Archbifhopof St. Andrews, came to take his leave of the King, at
his fetting forward toward the North, he defired leave to give his Ma-
jefty three Advertifements before hisgoing. Thefirft was, That his
Majefty would fuffer none of the Scottifh Nation to remain in his
Army, afturing him that they would never fight againft their Coun-
trymen : but rather hazard the whole Army by their tergiverfation.
Thefecond was, that his Majefty would make a Catalogue of all his
Counfellors, Officers of Houfhold, and domeftick Servants 5 and
having fo done, would with his Pen obliterate and expunge the Scots,
beginning firft with the Archbilhop of St. Andrews himfelf who had
given the Counfel conceiving (as he then declaredj) that no man
could accufe the King of Partiality, when they found the Archbifhopof
St. Andrews, who hzd fo faithfully ferved his Father and himfelf,about
fixty years, (hould be .expunged amongft the reft. A third was, That
he muft not hope to win upon them by Condefcenfions, or the fweet-
nefs of his difpofition, or by A&sof Grace : but that he fhould refolve
to reduce them to their duty by fuch ways of Power as God had put
into his hands. The Reafbn of which Counfel was, becaufe he
•found upon a fad experience of fixty years, that generally they were
a people of fo crofs a grain, that they were gained by Punifhments,
and loft by Favours. But contrary to this good Counfel, his Majefty
did not only permit all his own Servants of that Nation to remain about
him : but fuffered the Earls of Roxboreugh and Traqttaire, and other
Noble-
1
^62 The Life o/William
PART II. Noblemen of that Kingdom with their feveral Followers and Reti-
Amo 3om nues to repair to r°rk.i under pretence of offering of fome expedient
1639. to compofe the differences. Where being come, they plyed their bu-
L^v^w finefs fo well, that by reprefenting to the Lords of the EngUJli Nation
the dangers they would bring themfelves into by the Pride and Ty-
ranny of the Bithops, if the Scbts were totally fubdued, they miti-
gated the difpleafures of fome, and fo took off the edge of others,
that they did not go from Tor^ the fame men they came thither. On
the difcovery of which Practice, and fome intelligence which they had
with the Covenanters, they were confined to their Chambers (the firft
at Torl^, the other at Newcafile) but were prefently difmifled again,
and fent back to Scotland. But they had firft done what they
came for, never men being fo fuddenly cooled as the Lords of Eng-
land ■> or ever making clearer {hews of an alteration in their words and
geftures.
This change his Majefty foon found, or had caufe to fear 5 and
therefore for the better keeping of his Party together, he caufed an
Oath to be propounded to all the Lords,and others of chief E mi nency
which attended on him, before his departure out of Torkj knowing
full well, that thofe of the inferiour Orbs would be wholly governed
by the motion of the higher Sphears. The Tenor of which Oath was
this that followeth.
I A. B. do Swear before the Almighty and Ever-living God, That I mil
bear all faithful Allegiance to my true and undoubted Sovcraign King
CHARLES, voho is lawful King of this Jfland, and all other his
Kingdoms and Dominions both by Sea and Land, by the Laws of God
and Man, and by Lawful Sue rejfionj Andthatlwillmoflconfiantly and
ntojl chearjully, even to the utmofi hazard of my Life and Fortunes, op-
pofe all Seditions, Rebellions, Conjurations, Confpiracies whatfoever, a-
gainjlhis Royal Dignity, Crown, andPerfon, raifed or fetup under what
pretence or colour foever : And if it fhall come vailed under pretence of Re-
ligion I hold it more abominable both before God and Man. And this
Oath I take voluntarily, in the Faith of a good Chriflian and Loyal Sub-
ject, without Equivocation or mental Refervation whatfoever from which
I hold no Power on Earth can abfolve me in any part.
Such was the Tenour of the Oath 5 which being refufed by two, and
but two of the Lords, of which one would not say it, nor the other
Brool^ it, the faid Refufers were committed to the Cuftody of the
Sheriffs of Torfe and afterwards, for their further Tryal, Interrogated
upon certain Articles touching their approbation or diflike of the
War : To which their Anfwers werefo doubtful and unfatisfafrory,
that h*:s Majelry thought it fafer for him to difmifs them home, than to
keep them longer about him to corrupt the reft: by means whereof-
he furnimed them with an opportunity of doing him more diflervice
at home, where there was nobody to attend and obferve their Acti-
ons, ttan poffibly they could have done in the Army, where there
were fo many eyes to watch them, andfo many hands to pull them
back if they proved extravagant. As
Lord ajrchbijhrf of Canterbury,
As to the carrying on of the War,the Earl of Ejexwas Commanded LIB- W.
by his Majefty, at his firft coming to York , to put a Garrifon into Ber- Anm T>«mu
wicko and to take with him fuch Provifions of Canon, Arms and Am- 1 6 \ 9.
munition as were affigned for that Imployment , Which as he chear- t^V"^
fully undertook^ fo he couragibufly performed it, notwithftandiog
-all theterrours and affrightments which he found in his March. For
being encountred in his way with the Earls of Roxborough, Traquaire,
and the reft of the Scots then going to Tor^ they laboured all they
could to dtflwade him from it, afluring him, That either the scots
would be in theTown before him 5 or that their whole Army would be
fonear,that hemuft needs run the hazard of lofingall, without doing
anything. Which notwithstanding, he went on, entred the Town, re-
paired the Breaches in theWalls,and placed his Canon on the fame, pro-
ceeding in the Work as became a Souldier. With lefs fidelity and cou-
rage dealt the Earl of Hollands the Kings coming near the Borders,
where long he had not been encamped, when he had Intelligence that
the Scots Army was advancing $ on which Advertifement,he difpatch'd
Holland with a great Body of Horfe to attend upon them. Lejly had
drawn his Army into a very large Front, his Files exceeding thin and
(hallow: but intermingled with fo many Enfigns, as if every twenty
or thirty men had been a Regiment} and behind all, a great Herd of
Cattel, which raifed up fo much duft with their feet, as did cloud the
Stratagem. Holland difinayed with fuch a formidable appearance, or
being afraid that his great Horfe would be under-ridden with the
Galloway Nags, fent Meffenger after Meffenger to acquaint the King
with his prefent condition, who fent him order to draw off and retire
again, and not to hazard himfelf and the Forces under him, on fuch a
vifible difadvantage. How Hamilton behaved himfelf we are next
to fee 5 who having anchored his Fleet in the Frith of Edenborough,
and landing fome of his fpent men in a little Ifland, to give them
breath, and fome refre(bments,received a Vifit from his Mother,a molt
rigid and pragmatical Covenanter 3 the Scots upon the fhore faying
with no fmall laughter. That they knew the Son of fo good a Mother,
could not do them hurt : And (bit proved^ for having loytered there-
abouts to no purpofe, till he heard that the Treaty of the Pacification,
was begun near Berwick he left his Ships, ar*d came in great hafte, as
it was pretended, todifturb thebufinefs, which was to be concluded
before he came th'ther.
Forfoit hapned, That asfoon as Effex had brought his Forces in-
to Berwick the scots began tp fear the approaching danger which they
had drawn upon themfelves; and thereupon fome Chiefs amongft
them add reded their Letters to him on the 19th. oft April, Laying the Bibl. Regit*
eaufeof all the fe Troubles to fome ill Countrymen of their own, whom they p.i.p.36^
conceived to have provoked the King againff them 5 endeavouring to make
the Remedy of their Evils, and the fcope of their deferved Punifhment,
the beginning of an incurable Difeafe betwixt the two Nations, to whom
the Quarrel jhould in no way extend. They complained alfo, That there
were many of the Engliftl in place and Credit, whofe Private Byafs did
run clean contrary to the Publick^Goodj fuch as did rife early topoyfon
564 The Life of W 1 L L I A M
PAR.T II. f^e Publick^ Fountain, and to few the Tares of unhappy Jealoufes and
Axito Dom. Difcords between the Kingdoms, before th<e good Seed of our Love and
1639. Refpetf tothe Englifh Nation, could take place in their hearts, iheji de-
*-^"V*"^J dared next, how ftrange and unexpected it was unto them, to fee his
forces drawn toward the Bord&rs} which they could not but interpret as a
pregnant prefumption of fome further projeU againfi their Nation by his
Power which muji needs caufe them to befiir themfelves in time,for their
own prefervation. And though they gave themfelves fome ajfurance,
grounded upon the Reputation of his former Life, that his Lordfoip would
be very wary to begin the Quarrel, at which Enemies only would rejoyce
and catch advantage j yet at the lafi (fearing that neither Threats nor
Complements would do the bufinefs") they fall fo a downright begging of a.
Pacification. For having fallen Cod to witnefs, That they defired no
National Quarrel to arife betwixt them, or to tafie any of the bitter Fruit,
which might fct their Children s Teeth on edge } They profeffed themfelves
obliged in conference to God, their Prince, Nation, and brethren, to try
all juji and lawful means for the removal of all Caufes of difference be-
twixt the two Nations,andto be always ready to offer the occalion of greater
Satisfaction, for cUarixg of their Loyal Intentions to their Prince, and
to all thefe whom it may concern : but more particularly to his Lordfeip,
in regard of his Place and Command at that times And this to do by any
means whatfbevcr, which feould be thought expedient on both (ides. But
Effex,- though perhaps he might like their Caufe, did not love their
Nation (the Affront put upon him by Carr Earl of Somerfet running
ftillinhismindsjfo that the Practice edified very little with him, for
ought I can find , whatfoever it might do with others about the King ?
to whom the Letter was communicated, which in duty lie was bound
to do on thefirft receiving.
With greater comfort they applyed themfelves tothe Earl of Arun-
del, whom at firft they feared more than all the reft : but had now
placed the greateft part of their confidence on him. For vvhilft the
Puritans in both Kingdoms ftood at agaze upon thelflueof this War,
one Mofely Vicar of Newark^ upon Tre#f, obtained leave to pafs through
the Army into Scotland: A man of zeal enough to be put upon any
bufinefs which the wifer ones durft not be feen in 5 and of luch filli-
nefs withal, that nobody could fear any danger from him. By this
Man fas appears by their Letter) they underftood of his Lordfhips
particular affection to the continuance of the Common Peace betwixt
the Nations, being before allured of his Noble Difpofition in the ge-
neral fasthe Letter words it.) And this being faid, they fignific un-
to him, and wifh that they could dotheliketo all the good Subjects
of England, cc That they were neither weary of Monarchial Govern-
"ment, nor had entertained the leaft thoughts of calling off the yoke
<c of Obedience, or invading England b That they defired nothing elfe
<c than peaceably to enjoy their Religion, and the Liberties of their
Country, according to the Laws 5 and that all Qiieflions about the
fame, might be decided by Parliament and National AlTemblies,
"which they conceived hisLordfhip would judge to be nioftequita-
*c ble, and for which no National Quarrel fas they hoped) could juilly
"arife.
Lord Archhifhop of Canterbury.
" arife. And finally, That they had fent him a Copy of the Supplica- L I B. IV.
cc tion, which they intended to prefent unto the King, as Toon as he Anno Vom>
cc was prepared for it 5 to the end that by the meditation of his Lord- 1639.
"[hip, and other Noble Lords of England, to whom they had written t-^V^J
ecin like manner, his Majefty might bepleafed to hear them at large,
<c and grant fuch things as they had defired 5 which they conceived to
cc tend to his Majefties great Glory, to put an end to all the prefent
<c Queftions to their mutual rejoycing, and to make the bleffed In-
tcftrumentsof fo good a work to be thankfully remembred to Pofte-
<crity. In their letter to the Earl of Holland, of thefeventhof June,
they exprefs more confidence (as being more affured of him then of
any other) not only juftifyingthemfelvesin their former proceedings :
but requeuing hisaffiftance to promote their defires in a petition ten-
dred to his Majefties hands, defcending by degrees to this particular,
"That by a meeting in fome convenient place, and of fomeprimeand
"well arfe&ed men to the Reformed Religion and the Common
c< Peace, all matters might be fo well amended, and with fuch expe-
«c dition, that their evils (through further delays) might not prove
cc incurable.
Thefe preparations being made, they found an eafier bufinefs of it,
then they had any reafon to expecl: or hope, to bring his Majefty to
meet them in the middle way 5 who was fo tender of their cafe that he
Was more ready to accept their fupplication, then they were to offer
it. It was not his intent to fight them, (as I have heard from a perfon
of great truft and honourj but only by the terrdur of fo great an Ar-
my to draw the scots to do him reafon. And thisT am the more apt
to credit, becaufe when a Noble and well experienced Commander
offered him (then being in Camp near Berwick) that with two thou-
fand horfe (which the King might very well have fparedj he would
fowafte, and fpoil their Countrey, that the scots fhould creep upon
their bellies to implore his mercy, he would by no means hearken to
the proposition. And having no purpofe of out-going Mufier and
Orientation, it is no wonder if he did not only willingly give way to
the prefenting of their Petition, and chearfully embraced all Overtures
tending to a Pacification', but make choice alfo of fuch perfons, to
Negotiate in it, who were more like to take fuch terms as they could
get, then to fight it out. Commiffioners being on both fides appointed,
they came at laft to this conclusion on the feventeenth of June, viz.
Firft, That his Majejiy Jhould confirm what foever his Commijfioner have
already granted in his Majefties name, and that from thenceforth all mat-
ters Ecclefiaftical fljould be determined by the Affemblies of the Kirh^,
and all matters Civil the Parliament } and to that end a General Ajfem-
bly to be Indi&ed on the fixth of Auguft, and a Parliament on the twen-
tieth of the fame Months in which Parliament an Aft of Oblivion was to
pafi for the common pedce and JatisfaBion of all parties'? that the Scots
npon the publication of the ac cor d, fhould within forty eight hours disband
all their Forces , difcharge all pretended Tables, and Conventicles, reflore
unto the King all his Cajlles} Forts and Ammunition of all forts j the tike /
Aaa Refii-
366 TbeLifeofW illiam
PAf\T II. Rejlitution to be made to all his goodsubjetts, of their Liberties, Lands,
jinno Vom. Houjes, Goods, and Means xvhatfoever, taken and detained from them,
163 9. fitice the inlc pretended General Aflembly held at Clafcoi that there-
^^/^isJ upon his Majefty JJjotdd preftntly recal his fleet, and retire his Land
Forces, andcaufe Rejlitution to be made of all perfvns of their ships and
Goods Detained and Arrejiedfncethe firji ^February. But as for the
proceedings of the Aflembly of Glafco, as his Majefty could not al-
low them with Honour on the one fide 5 fo neither do I find that they
were condemned, or that the Scots were bound to abandon the con-
clusions of it. To that it feemsto have been left in the fame condition,
(as to all the Acts, Determinations,and Refults there)in which it flood
before his Majefties taking Arms 5 Which as it was the chief ground
of the Quarrel, fo the King doing nothing in Order to the Abrogating
of it, and the conclufions" therein made, when he Was in the head of a
powerful Army, he could not give himfelf much hopes, that the scots
could yield to any fuch Abrogation, when he had no fuch Army to
compel obedience.
And this appeared immediately on his Ivlajefties figningthe Agree-
ment, and the difcharging of his Forces upon the fame. For the De-
claration of this accord was no fooner pubhfhed, but the Covenanters
produced a Prote.ftation , "Firft., of adhering to their late Gene -
cc ral Aflembly at Glifco, as a full and free Aflembjy of their Kirk, and
" to all the proceedings there 5 efpecially the fentences of Deprivati-
ccon, and Excommunication of the fometimes pretended Bifhops of
"that Kingdom: And fecondly, of adhering to their Solemn Cove-
nant, and Declaration of the Aflembly, .whereby the office ofBi-
cc (hop is abjured. Thirdly, that the pretended Archbifhops and Bi-
cc fhops, that ufurp the title and office abjured by the Kirk and be con-
temners of the fentences oftheKirk, have been malicious Incendia-
cc ries of his Majefty againft this Kingdom, by their wicked calumnies '■>
cc and that if they return to this Kingdom, they beelteeniedandufed
ccasaccurfed, and they delivered up to the Devil} and caft off from
"Chrifthis body, as Ethnickj, and Publicans : And fourthly, tharall
cc the entertainers of the Excommunicated Biuhops, ftiould be orderly
cc proceeded againft with Excommunication, conform to the Acts,and
<cConftitutions of this Kirk. And this they did as well to juftifie
their proceeding in the faidAjJcm bly, as to terrific and affright the Bi-
ihops from prefentingthemfelves and members of Aflembly and Par-
liament at the next Conventions. Which done they difperfed abroad
a fcandalous Paper,pretending to contain the heads of the late Agree-
ment} but drawn fo advantageoufly for themfelves, fo difagreeably
to the true intention of his Majefty, that he could do no lefs in honour
then call it in, and caufe it to be pubiickly burnt by the hand of the
Hangman. And being confcious to themfelves how much bis Maje-
fty, muft be jncenfed with thefe Indignities, they continued their meet-
ings and Confultations as before they did, maintained their For-
tifications at Leith the Port Town to Ed'enborough, difqmeted, mole-
fted, and frighted all of different inclinations, and kept their Officers
< and Commanders in continual pay, tp havethem in a Readinefson the
next
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. 567
next occalion. With which diforders his Majefty being made ac- L I B. IV.
quainted, he fent for fome of the Chiefs of them to come to him to Anno Vom.
Berwick} but was refufed in his Commands under pretence,that there 1659.
was fome intention to entrap them at their coming thither 5 and that U^V"^«J
his Majefty might be ftaved off from being prefent at the next Ajfembly
in Edenborough, as he had both promifed, and refolved, they com-
mit a riotous allault on the Earls of Kinnoul, and Traquaire, Chief
Juftice Elphinjion , and Sir "James Hamilton, all Privy Counfel-
lors of that Kingdom. Thefe they pulled violently out of their Coachs
on a fufpicion that fome Bi(hopswere difguifed amongft them} but
really that the King might have fome caufe to fufpecl: that there
could be no fafety for him in fuch a place, and amongft people fo
enraged, notwithftanding his great clemency (hewed unto them in the
Pacification.
His Majefty was now at leifure to repent the lofs of thofe Advantages
which God had put into his hands. He found the scots fo unprovided
(not having above 3000. compleat Arms amongft them J that he
might have fcatteted them like theduft before the wind atthevery
onfet. By making this agreement with them he put them into fuch a
ftock of Reputation, that within the compafs of that year they fur-
nifhed themfelves out of Holland with Cannon, Arms, and Ammuni-
tion upon days of Payment without difburfing any money, which he
knew they had not. He came unto the borders with a gallant Armvj
which might aiTurehim (under God) of a very cheap and eafie victo-
ry 5 an Army governed by Colonels, and other Officers of approved
Valour, and mingled with the choiceft of the Englijh Gentry, who
flood as much upon his honour as upon their own. This Army he
dilbanded without doing any thing which might give fatisfaction to
the world, himfelf, or them. Had he retired it only to a further di-
ftance, he had done as much as he was bound to by the Capitulations :
But he disbanded it before hehadfeen the leaft performance on their
parts of the points agreed on j before he had feen the iffue and
fuccefs of the two Conventions, in which he didexpefta fettling of his
peace and happinels , which had he done, he had in all reafonable pro-
babilities preferved his honour in the eye of Foraign Nations, fecured
himfelf from any danger from that people, and crufht thofe Practices
at home which afterwards undermined his Peace, and deftroyed his "
Glories. But doing it in this form and manner, without efFedting any
thing which he feemed to Arm for, he animated the Scots to commit
new Tnfolencies, the Dutch to affront him in his own Shores,by fighting
and deftroying the spanijh Navy, lying under his protection, and
(which was worftof all ) gave no fmall difcontentment to the Englijh
Gentry. Who having with great charge engaged themfelves in this
Expedition out of hope of getting honour to the King, their Country,
and themfelves by their faithful fervice, werefuddenly difmifled, not
only without the honour which they aimed at, but without any ac-
knowledgment of their Love and Loyalty. A matter (bunplea ling
to them, that few of them appeared in the next years Army , many of
them turned againft him in the following troubles, the greateft part
Aaa 1 looking
568 The LtfeofW illiam
PART II. looking on his Succefles with a carelefseye, as unconcerned with his
Arm Vom* Affairs, whether good or bad.
1639. In this condition of Affairs he returned toward London in the end of
\-^"V"^J Jttlj, leaving the Scots to play their own Game as they lifted 5 having
fir ft nominated Traquazre as his High Commiffioner for managing both
the A'flembly", and the following Parliament. In the firft meeting of
the two, they acted over all the parts they had plaid at Glafco, to the
utter abolition of EpiCcopacy, and the deftrr.ction of all thole which
adhered unto it ; their Actings in it being confirmed in bis name by the
High Commiffion. In the Parliament they altered the old form of
chufing the Lords of the Articles, erected a third Eftateout of Lairds
and Barons, inftead of the Bifbops} invaded the Soveraign power of
Coynage 5 rvefolved upon an Act for abrogating all former Statutes
concerning the Judicature of the Exchequer for making of Proxies,
and governing the Eftates of Wards 5 and finally, conceived the King
to be much in their debt by yielding to a prorogation till a further
time. The news whereof reduced the King to fucha ftand, that he
was forced to fend for Wcntxcorth out of Ireland, where he had acted
things in fettling the Eftate of that broken Kingdom, beyond expecta-
tion or belief. This charged on Canterbury, as a project and crime
of his, and both together branded for it in a Speech made by the Lord
Faulkjand, in the firft year of the Long Parliamcnt,where fpeaking firft
of the Bifhops generally, hetells the Speaker, "That they had both
" kindled and blown the fire in both Nations 5 and more particularly,
" that they had both fent and maintained that book, of which the
" Author hath no doubt long fince wifhed with Nero(Vtinam nefciffem
"Literal*) And of which more than one Kingdom hath caufeto with,
"that he who writ it, had rather burned a Library, though of the
" value of rtolomies. And then he adds, Wefhall fee then (faith hej
" who have been the firft and principal caufe of the breach, I will not
"fay of, but fince the Pacification at Berwick^. We {hall find them to
«have been the almoft fole Abettors of my Lord of Stafford, whilft
cC he was practicing upon another Kingdom that manner of Govern-
"ment which he intended to fettle in this, where he committed lb
"many, fomighty, and fo manifeft enormities, asthe like have not
"been committed by any Governour in any Government fince Vcrres
"left Sicily. And after they had called him over from being Deputy
"of Ireland to be in manner Deputy of England (all things here being
" governed by a Juntillo, and that Juntillo governed by him J to have
" aflifted him in the giving of fuch Counfels, and the purfuing of fuch
"courfes, as it is a hard and meafuring caft, whether they were more
" unwife, more unjuft, or more unfortunate, and which had infallia-
"bly been our deftruct ion, if by the grace ofGodtheirfharchadnot
"been as fmall in the fubtilty of Serpents as in the innocence of
" Doves. But thefe were only the Evaporations of fome Difcon-
tentSj which that noble Orator had contracted} of which more die-
to here.
Wtnt-worth being called unto this Service, was prefently made
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and not long after With great folemnity
Created
Lord^ArchbiJhof of Canterbury. 569
Created Earl of Strafford'm the County of Tork^. As Lord Lieutenant L I S. IV.
he had Power to appoint a Deputy, that fo he might the better attend j>mo j)onu
the Service here, without any prejudice to that Kingdom } which 1639.
Office he committed to zTor/^J/'ire Gentleman3and an efpecial u^V"*w
Confident of his, whom he had took along with him into Ireland at his
firft going thither. And becaufe great Counfels are carried with mod
raith and fecrelie, when they are entrufted but to few, his Majefty was
pleafed to commit the Conduct of the scottiJJ) BufinefTes to a Jnnffo
of three , that is to fay, the Archbifhop of Canterbury, the new Lord
Lieutenant., and the Marquis of Hamilton, which laftthe other two
knew not how to truft, and therefore communicated no more of their
Counfels to him, thanfuch as they cared or feared not to make known
to others. By thefe three joyned in Confultations, it was conceived
expedient tomove his Majefty to try his fortune once more incalling
a Parliament, and in the meantime to command fome of the Princi-
pal Covenanters to attend his Pleafure at the Court, and render an
account of their late Proceedings. In order to the firft, they had no
fooner fignified what they thought fit for his Majefties Service, but
it was chearfjlly entertained by the Lords of the Council, who joyn-
ed together with them in the Proportion n promising his Majefty to
aflift him in extraordinary ways, if the Parliament fhould fail him in
it, as they after did. Upon thefe Terms his Majefty yielded to the
Motion on the fifth of December, caufingan Intimation tobepublick-
ly made of his Intent toholda Parliament on the 13th of^pr/7, then
next following: An Intimation which the Loadiners received with
great figns of joy, and fo did many in the Country : butfuch withal,
as gave no fmall matter of difturbance unto many others, who could
not think the calling of a Parliament in that point of time, to be fafe
or feafonable. The laft Parliament being diflblved in a Rupture, the
Clofets of fome Members fearched, many of them imprifoned, and
fome fined 5 it was not to be thought but that they would come thi-
ther with revengeful Spirits. And fhould a breach happen betwixt
them and the King, and the Parliament be Diflblved upon it, as it
after was, the breach would prove irreparable, as it after did. Befides
which fear, it was prefumed, that the interval of four Months time,
would give the difcontented Party opportunity to unite thcmfelves,
to practice on the Shires and Burroughs, to elefts fuch Members as
they fhould recommend unto them 5 and finally, not only to confult,
but to conclude on fuch Particulars as they intended to infift upon,
when they were AfTembled. In which Refpects, the calling a Parlia-
ment at that time, and with fo long warning before-hand, was con-
ceived unfafe : And if it was unfafe, it was more unjeafinable. Par-
liaments had now long been difcontiriued, the People lived happily
without them, and few took thought who fhould fee the next: And
which is more, the Neigbouring Kings and States beheld the King
with greater Veneration, than they had done formerly, as one that
could ftand on his own Legs, and had raifed up himfelf to fo great
Power both by Sea and Land, without fuch difcontentsand brabbles
*s his Parliaments gave him. So that to call a Parliament, was
feared
370 The Life of William
— — — — - - - 1 ■ - — — ^— — — — .
PART IT. feared to be the likelieftway to make his Majefty feemlefs in eftima-
ArtnoVom. tion Both at home and abroad, the eyes of men being di ft rafted by fo
1659. many objects.
Kaif^sr^aJ But whatfoever others thought^ it was thought by iVentworth^ that
hecould manage a Parliament well enough to the Kings Advantage 3
efpecially by fetting them fuch a Leflbn as (hould make them all
aftiamedof not writing after fuch a Coppy. Two ends they had in
advifingthe Intimation of the Parliament to be given fo long before
the Sitting. Firft, That the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland might in the
mean time hold a Parliament in that Kingdom, which he did accord-
ingly, and governed the Affair fo well, that an Army of 8000 Horfe
and Foot (fomeofour Writers fay iooco) wasfpeedily raifed, and
Money granted by the Parliament to keep them in pay, and furniftj
them with Ammunition, Arms, and all other Neceflaries. Secondly,
That by the Reputation of a following Parliament, he might be the
better enabled to borrow Money for the carrying on of that War ,if the
Parliament fhould chance to fail of doing their Duty: wherein die
Lords performed their parts, in drawing in great Sums of Money up-
on th.it account. Forcaufing a Lift to be made of moft of the Per-
fons of Ability, which had relation to the Courts of Judicature, either
Ecclefiaftical or Civil, of fuch as held Officers of the Crown as attain-
ed unto his Majeflries Service, or othcrwife were thought to be well
alfecled to the prefenr Canfe, and had not formerly contributed to-
ward it, they ca'led them to the Council-Table, where they endea-
voured, by the prevailing Rhetorick of Power and Favour, to per-
fwadethem to a bountiful Contribution, or a chearful Loan, accord-
ing to the Sums proportioned and 1 equefted of them. In which they
did proceed fo well, that money came flowing in apace, enough to put
the King into a condition of making new Levies of Men both for
Horfe and Foot, Lifting them under their Commanders, and putting
them into a Pofture for the War approaching. And that they might
be fare to fpeed the better, by the encouragement of a good Exam-
ple, the Lord Lieutenant fubferibed for a Loan of 20000 /. the other
Lords with the fame Loyalty and AfFe&ion proportioning their En-
gagements to their Abilities, and thereby giving Law to moft of the
Noblemen in all parts of the Kingdom. Nor was the Queen wanting
for her part to advance the Service 5 For knowing how great afhare
Ihe had in hisMajefties Fortune, (lie employed her Secretary Winter^
Mountagite> Digby^ and others of her Confidents of that Religion, to
negotiate with the reft of her party, for being Affiftant to his Majefty
infojuft a quarrel. In which defign (he found fuch a liberal corres-
pondence from the Roman Catholickj , as (hewed them to be ibmewhat
ambitious of being accounted amongft the moft Loyal and beft affect-
ed, of his Majefties Subje&s.
Thefe preparations being Refolved on and in fome part made, it
was thought convenient that his Majefty {hould take the opportunity
of the coming of fome Commiffioners from the Scots to call for an ac-
count of their late proceedings. According unto which advice his
Majefty appointed a Selecl: Committee from the reft of the Council,
to
Lord \Archbijhof of Canterbury. 571
to bring thofe Commiflioners to a reckoning, to hear what they could LIB. IV'
fay for themfelves and the reft of their Fellows, and to make report Anno Vom>
thereoftohis Majefty $ The Commiffioners Were the Earl of Dumfer- 1639.
welling, the Lord Loudon, Douglas and Hartley, both of infcriour US^'V"**
rank, but of like Authority 5 Of which the Speakers part was per-
formed by Loudon, A confident bold man, of a Pedantical cxprefiion,
butoae that loved to hear hifnfelf above all men living. Being Com-
manded to attend the Committee at the time appointed, they ranted
highs touching the fndependency of the Crown of Scotland, and did
not think themfelves obliged to treat with any, but his Majefty only.
His Majefties vouchfafeing his prefenceatthe faid Committee 3 London
begins with a defence of their proceedings, both in the General Af-
fembly, and the late Parliament held at Edcnbvrough by his Majefties
Orders AHedged that nothing was done in them contrary to the
Laws of the Land, and the Precedents of former times, and finally
befought his Majefty to ratifie and confirm the AcTs, and Remits of
both Comrrn(Tions. They could fhew none to qualifie them in the na-
ture of Publick Agents} Nor had they any power to Oblige their
party in the performance of any uhing which might give his Majefty
full fatisfaftion for the time to come, whatfoever fatisfaction he was
able to give them in debating the bufinefs, his Majefty endeavoured
not by reafon only, but by all fair and gentle means, to let them fee
the unreafonablenefsof their demands, the legality of their proceed-
ings, and the danger which would fall upon them, if they continued
obftinate in their former courfes. But Loudon governed all the reft,
who being of a fiery nature in himfelf, and a dependent on the Earl of
Argile, who had declared himfelf for the Covenanters atthe Ajfembly
at Glafco, refolved to ftand to the Conclusion which he brought along
with him, though he found himfelf unable to make good the Premifest,
fo that fome days being unprofitably (pent in thefe debates, the Arch-
biftiop and the reft of the Committee, made a report of the whole bu-
finefs to the reft of the Council, who upon full consideration of all
particulars, came to this Refult : That fince the Scots could not be
reclaimed to their obedience by other means, they were to be reduced
by Force.
This was no more then what the scots could give themfelves Reafon
to expect , and therefore they beftirred themfelves as much on theo*
ther fide. Fart of the Walls ofthe Caftle of Edenborough, with all the
Ordnance upon it, had fallen down on the nineteenth of November laft,
being the Annivcrfiry day of his Majefties Birth (not without fome
prefage of that ill fortune which befel him in the courfe of this War)
for the Repair whereof, they would neither fuffcr Timber, nor any o-
ther Materials to be carried to it: but on the contrary, theybeganto
raife Works and Fortifications againft it, with an intent to block it Up,
and render it unufeful to his Majefties Service : And to keep the Sou!-
diers therein Garrifoned (moftof them Englijh) to hard meats, they
would notfufferthemto come into the Market to recruit their Victu-
als. They made Provisions of great quantity of Artillery, Muniti-
on and Arms from Foreign Parts 3 laid Taxes of ten Marks in the hun-
dred
— — — — us ; :
374 The Life of William
PART ir. dred upon all the Subjects, according to their feveral Revenues,
Anns Vom. which they Levied with all curfed Rigour, though bruiting them a-
1699. broad to be Free-will offerings '■> feattered abroad many Seditious and
l^y/^J Scandalous Pamphlets, for juftifying themfelvesand feducing others,
fome of which were burnt in England by the hand of the Hangman '■>
Fortified Inchgarvie and other places, which they planted with Ord-
nance '-> Imprifoned the Earl of southesl^, and other Perfons of Qua-
lity, fortheir Fidelity to the King} took to themfelves the Govern-
ment of the City of Edenborough, contrary to their Charters and Immu-
nities, bv which the Citizens were difabled from ferving his Majefty
in any of his juft Commands 5 and finally, employed their Emiflaries
in all Parts of England, to diffwade thofe who were too backward of
themfelves, from contributing to the War againft them, and to follicit
from them fuch feveral Aids as might the better enable them to main-
tain the W ar againft their Sovereign.
But their cheif Gorrefpondence was with France and Ireland. In
France they had made fare of Cardinal Richelieu, who Governed all
Affairs in that Kingdom. Following the Maximo? Queen Elizabeth,
in fecuring the Peace of his own Country by the Wars of his Neigh-
bours, he pra&ifed the Pvevolt of Portugal, and put the Cutalonians
into Arms againft their King, to the end that he might waft the fiery
Spirit of the Fremhima War on Flanders, with the better fortune and
fuccefs. But knowing that it was the intereft of the Crown of Eng-
land, to hold the Balance even between France and spaing and that
hisMajefty by removing the Ships of Holland, which lay before Duyn-
kirkj Anno\6^. hadhindredthe French from makingfuch a Progrefs
by Land, as might have made them Maftersof the spanifo Netherlands'-,
hehelditachief pieceof State-Craft (as indeed it was) toexcitethe
Scots againft their King, and to encourage them to ftand it out unto the
laft, being fo excited. tc Upon which ground he fent Chamberlain, a Scot
cc by Birth, his Chaplain and Almoner, to affift the Confederates in ad-
"vancingthe bufinefs, and to attempt all ways for exafperating the
"firfi heat ^ with Order not to depart from them, till (things fucceed-
" ing as he wifhed) he might return with good News: Andonthefame
appointed one of his Secretaries to refide in Scotland, to march along
with them into England, to be prefented at all Councils of War, and
direct their bufinefs And on the other fide , Hamiltons Chaplains
had free acceffes unto Con the fame Countryman alfo, at fuch time
as Chamberlain was Negotiating for the Cardinal, to foment the Flames,
which had begun to rage already. And by a Letter fublcribed by
the Earl of Rothes, and others of chief note amongft the Covenanters,
they craved the Afliftance of that King, caft themfelves upon his Pro-
tection, befeeching him to give credit to Colvill the Bearer thereof,
whom they had inftructed in all Particulars which concerned their
Condition and Defires. In Ireland they had a ftrong Party of Natu-
ral Scots, planted in Vlfter by King James, upon ^he forfeited Eftates
of Tir-Owen, Tir-Connel, Odighirtte, Sac. not scots in Birth and Paren-
tage only, but Delign and Fa&ion. But Wentworth was not to be
told of their fecret Praftifes 3 he (aw it in their general difpofition to
Schifra
veers
■c -
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury, 373
"Schitm and Fa&ion, and was not unacquainted with their old Rebel- L I B. IV*
lions. It nm ft be his care thatthey brake not into any new 3 which he AntCo ~D*m.
performed with fuch a diligent and watchful eye,that he crufhed them [639.
in the very beginning of the Combination, feifing upon fuch Ships l^V^W
and Men as came thither from scotlin d, Imprifoning fome, Fining o-
thers, and putting an Oath upon the reft : By which Oath they were
found to abjure the Covenant, not to be aiding to the Covenanters
gainft the King, nor toProteJi againft any of his Royal Editts, as their
Brethren in scotlandufed to do. For the refuting of which Cath he
Fined one (a) Sir Henry Steward and his Wife ("Perfons of no left (a) impeach-
Power than Difaffeclion) atnolefsthan 5000/. a piece 5 two of their ^Irfif*
Daughters, and one James Gray of the fame Confederacy, at the Sum '
of 3000/- a pieces committing them to Prifort for not paying the
Fines impofed upon them. All which he juftified when he was brought
unto his Try al, on good Reafons of State*, There (l>) being at that (b) Relation
time one hundred thoufand Souls in Ireland of 'the Scottifi Ration,moft frf^ff^
of them paffionately affected to theCaufeof the Covenanters,and fome straflf.'p.j^
of them confpiring to betray the Town and Caftle of Caridijergu's
to a Nobleman of that Country, for which the Principal Confpivator
hid been juftly Executed. Nor ftaid he there, but he gave finally a
a Power to the Bifhop of Down and Connor , and other Bifhops of that
Kingdom, and their feveral Chancellors, to attatch the Bodies of all
fuch of the meaner fort, who either ftiould refufe to appear before ■
them upon Citation, or to perform all Lawful Decrees and Orders
made by thefaid Biftiops and their Chancellors 3 and to commit them
to the next Gaol, till they fhould conform, or anfwer the Contempt at
the Council-Table. By means whereof, he made the poorer fort fo
pliant, and obedient to their feveral Bifhops,lhat there was good hopes
of their Conformity to the Rules of the Church.
Having thus carried on the Affairs of Scotland till the end of this
year, we muft return to our Archbifhops whom we (hall find intent
on the prefervation of the Hierarchy, and the Church of England^
againft the Praftiges of the Scots, and Scotizing Englijlr. and no left
' bulled in digefting an Apology for vindicating the Liturgie commended
to the K/r£of Scotland* In reference to the laft, he took order for
tranflating the scottijfj Liturgie into the Latine Tongues that being
publifhed with the Apologie, which he had defigned, it might give fa-
tisfactionto the world of his Majefty Piety, and his own great care}
the Orthodoxie and fimplicity of the Book it felf, and the perverfe-
nefs of the scots in refuting all of it. Which Work was finiftied and left
with him, but it went no further 3 the prefent diftemper of the times,
and the troubles which fell heavily on him putting an end to it in the; *
firft beginning. But the beft was, that the Englifh Liturgie had been
publifhedin fo many Languages, and the scottijh fo agreeable to the
Englifh in the Forms and Offices, that any man might judge of the one
by perufing the other. The firft Liturgie of King Edward vi. tran-
flated into Latine by Alexander Alexins, a learned Scot, for the better
information of Martin Bucer, when he firft came to live amongft us^
the fecond Liturgie of that King with Queen Elizabeths Emendations
Bbb hy
374 cfbe Lifeof William
1 3 /\p^f II. by IV titer Haddon, Prefident of Magdalen Coliedge in Oxon. and Dean
Anno Uom. of Exeter- and his Tranilation rectified by Dr. Morl^t^ in the times of
1639. King "javtes^ according to fuch Explications and Additions as were made
W*V^-» by order from the King. The fame tranllated into French^ for the ule of
the Illc of Jerjey, by the appointment of the King alio } into the spanijh
for the better fatisfaction of that Nation, by the prudent care of the
Lord Keeper Williams s And finally, by the countenance and encou-
ragement of this Archbiftiop, tranllated into Greek by Fetley0 much a-
bout this time3that fo the Eafiern Churcues might have as clear an infor-
mation of the EngliJIj Piety as the IVejiern had*
i n order to the other he recommended to Hall, then Bifhopof Exon.
the writing of a book in defence of the Divine Right of Epifiopacy, in
eppofition to the Scots and their Adherents. Exeter under takes the
Work, and fends him a rude draught or Skeleton of his defign, con-
filling of the two main points of his intended difcourfc, together with '
the fevcraj Propositions which he intended to infift on in purfuance of
it. The two main points which he was to aim at, were, "Firft,
" That Epilcopacy is a lawful, m oft ancient, holy, and divine infti-
cctution (as it is joyned with imparity, and fuperiority of Jurifdicti-
"on) and therefore where it hath through Gods providence obtain-
fc;'j'i, cannot by any humane power be abdicated without a manifeft
" violation cp Gods Ordinance. And fecondly, That the Presbyteri-
, , "^Government, however vindicated under the glorious names of
«C-Chril.s * .ingdom, and Ordinance, hath no true footing either in
ccScripturt?oy the Practice of the Church in all Ages from Chrifts time
£c till the prefent 5 and that howfoever it may be of ufe in fome Cities
"or Territories, wherein Epifcopal Government through iniquity
cc of times cannot be had 5 yet to obtrude it upon a Church otherwile
"fettled under an acknowledged Monarchy , is utterly incongruous
"and unjuftifiable. In which two points he was to predifpofe fome
Propositions (or Fofiulata as he calls them) to be the ground of his
proceedings '■> which I (hall here prefent in his own conceptions, that
fo we may the better judge of thofe corrections which were made up-
on them. The fofiulata were as followeth, viz.. " 1. That Govern-
" ment which was of Apoftolical Inftitution, cannot be denied to be of
" Divine Right. 2. Not only that Government which was directly
"commanded and enacted, but alfo that which was practiced and
" recommended by the Apoftles to the Church, muft juftly pate for
c:an Apoftolical Inftitution. 3. That which the Apoftles by Divine
cc In fpi ration inftituted, was not for the prefent time, but for conti-
nuance. 4. The univerfal Practife of the Church , immediately
"fucceeding the Apoftles, is the beft and fureft Commentary upon the
"Practice of the Apoftles, or upon their Exprefiions. 5. We may
"not entertain fo irreverent an opinion of the Saints and Fathers of
" the Primitive Church, that they who were the immediate Succeflors
"of the Apoftles, would, ordurftfetup a Government, either faulty,
"or of their own heads. 6. If they would have been foprefumptu-
"ous, yet they could not have difFufedan uniform form of Govern-
"ment through the world in fo ftiort a fpace. 7. The ancient Hi-
" ftories
Lord zArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
375
"ftoriesof the Church, and Writings of the el deft Fathers, are ra- LIB. IV*
cether to be believed in the report of the Primitive Form of the AnnoVom.
"Church-Government, than thofe of this laft Age. 8. Thofewhom 1639.
"the ancient Church of God, and the holy and Orthodox Fathers con-
cC demned for Hereticks, are not fit to be followed as Authors of our
" Opinion or Pra&ife for Church-Government. 9. The acceflionof
" honourable Titles or Priviledges, makes no difference in the fub-
" ftance of the calling. 1 o. Thofe Scriptures wherein a new Form of
cc Government is grounded, have need to be very clear and unqueftio-
" nable,and more evident than thofe whereon the former rejected Poll-
ute is raited. 11. If that Order which, they fay, Chrift fetfor the
"Government of the Church (which they call the Kingdom and Or-
dinance of Chrift) bebutone, and undoubted, then it would, and
{t fhall have been ere this, agreed upon againft them, what, and which
"it is. 12. If this (which they pretend) be the Kingdom and Ordi-
cc nance of Chrift, then if any Effential part of it be wanting, Chrifts
" Kingdom is not ere&ed in the Church. 13. Chriftian Politie re*
" quires no impoffible or abfurd thing. 14. Thofe Tenets which are
"now and unheard of in all Ages of the Church, (in many, and Ef-
"fential points) are well worthy to be fufpecled. 15. To depart
"from the Practice of the llniverfal Church of Chrift ever from the
" Apoftles times) and to betake our felves voluntarily to a new Form,
" lately taken up, cannot but be odious and highly fcandalous.
Thefe firft Deliniations of the Pourta&ure being fent to Lambeth,
in the end of O&ober, were generally well approved of by the Metropo-
litan. Some lines there were which he thought to have too much
fhadow and umbrage, might be taken at them, if not therwife qualified
with a more perfect Ray of Light. And thereuponhe takes the Penfil
in his hand, and with fome Alterations of the Figure, accompanied
with many kind expreffions of a fair acceptance, he fent them back
again to be compleatly Limned and Coloured by that able hand.
Which alterations, what they were,and his reafons for them, I fhall ad-
venture to lay down, as they come before me, that fo the Reader may
defcern as well the clearnefsof his apprehenfion, and the excellency
of his judgment in the points debated. The Letter long, and there-
fore fodifpofed of without further coherence, that fo it may be per-
ufed or pretermitted without drfturbance to the fequel 3 fome pupa-
tions being made by the hand of his Secretary, he proceeds thus to the
reft. »v\& Ai«o">2 -«m» W cjloi >. > - Ou> ^ >^
■■■ t
The reti of your Letter is fitter to be anfwered by my own hand, and
fo you have it. And fince you are pleafedfo worthily and brother-like to
acquaint me with the whole plot of your intended work^, and to yield it up to
my cenfure, and better advice (fo you are pleafed to write) 1 do not only
thanks you heartily for it : hit fhall in the fame brotherly way, and with
equal freedom put fome few Animddverfions, fuch as occur on the fudden
to your further confederation, aiming at nothing but what you do, the
perfection of the work^ in which fo much is concerned \ And firft, for Mr.
Bbb 2 George
Cant. Doom,
p. 233.
376
The Life o/William
PARTH. George Graham (whom Hall had fignified to have renounced bis Epif-
AmoVom. copal Funtfion) I leave you free to work, upon his buftnefs, and his igno-
1639. ranee as you pleafi, affuring my felf that you will not depart from the gra-
vtty of your felf, or the caufe therein. Next you fay in the firft head,
That Epifcopacy is an antient, holy, and divine inftitution. It muft
needs be antient and holy, if divine. Would it not be more full, went it
thus ? So antient as that it is of Divine Inftitution. Next you define E-
pifcopacy by being joyned with imparity and fuperiority of "Jurifdi&ion,
but this feems ffjvrtb for e very Archpresby ters or Archdeacons place is
foj yea, and Jo was Mr. Henderfon/« his Chair at Glafco, unlefsyou will
define it by a diftintlion of Order. I draw the fuperiority, not from the
'Junfdiclion which is attributed to Bifiwps jure pofitivo, in their Audi'
ence of Ecclefiaftical matters.- but from that which is intrinfical andori-
ginal in the power of Excommunication. Again, you fay in the firji
point That where Epifcopacy hath obtained, it cannot be abdicated with-
out violation of Gods Ordinance. This Proportion I conceive is inter
minus habentes 5 for never was there any Church yet, where it hath not
obtained. The Chrijiian Faith was never yet planted any where, but the
very fir It feature oj a church was by, or with Epifcopacy , and wherefo-
ever now Epifcopacy is not fi'ffered to be, it is by fitch an Abdication, for
certainly there it was a Principle In your Jecond head you grant that
the Presbyterian Government may be of ufe, where Epifcopacy may not be
had. Firji, I pray you confider whither this conversion be not needlefs
here, and in it felf of a dangerous conference : Next I conceive there is
noplace where Epifcopacy may not be had, if there be d Church more then}
in Title only. . Thirdly, Since they challange their Presbyterian Fiftion to
beChrifts Kingdom and Ordinance (as your felf exprejfeth') and caft out
Epifcopacy as opposite to it, we muli not ufe any mincing terms, but unmask,
them plainly 5 nor fhall I ever give way to hamper our felves for fear of
fpeaking plain truth, though it be againft Amfterdam or Geneva .• and
this muft be fadly thought on.
Concerning your Poftulata I Jhallprayyouto allow me the like freedom 5
amongft which the two firji are true (but as exprefl) two reftriffive. For
Epifcopacy is not fbtobe afferted unto Apoftohcal Inftitution, as to bar it
from looking higher and from fetching it materially and originally in the
ground and Intention of it, from Chrift himfelf j though perhaps the Apofiles
formalized it. And here give me leave a little to enlarge. The adverfa-.
ties of Epifcopacy are not only the furious Arian Heretichj (out of which
are now raifed, Prynne, Baft wick, and our Scottiftl Mafters') but fbme
alfb of a milder and fubtler alloy both in the Genevian and Roman Fa-
ction. And it will become the Church ^England Jb to vindicate it a-
gainft the furious Puritans as that we may not lay it open to be wounded
by either of the other two, more cunning and more learned adverfaries.
Not to the Roman faflion for that will be content j it fhall be Juris Di-
vini mediati, by, far, from, and under the Pope, that Jb the Government
of the Church may be Monarchical in him $ but not Immediati, which
makes the Church Ariftocratical in the Bifijops. This is the Italian Rock >
not the Genevian ^ for that will not deny Epifcopacy to be Juris Divini,
Lord <trfrcbl>iJhop of Canterbury.
377
fo yon will take it, ut fuadentis vel aprobantis but not imperantis 5 for L I B. IV.
then they may take and leave as they will, which is that they would be at. AtmoDom.
Nay (if I much forget not) Beza himfelf is faid to have acknowledged 1639.
Epifcopacy to be Juris Divini Imperantis, Jci you will not take it as C^V^J
univerfaliter imperantis, For then Geneva might ejcape: & citra
confiderationem durantis , for then though they had it before, yet
now upon r*jfer thoughts they may be without it, which Scotland fays
vow , and rtho will may fay it after, if this be good Divinity j and
then all in that time Jhall be Democratical. lam bold to adde, becaufe
in your fecond Poftulatum ifind, that Epifcopacy /'/ dire&ly command*
ed: but you go not fofar as to meet with this fubtilty of Beza, which is
the great Rock, in the Lake <?/Geneva. In your ninth Poftulatum, that
the Accejjion of Honourable Titles, or Priviledges, makes no difference in
the fubfiance of the calling, Ton mean the titles of Archbijhops, Primates,
Metropolitan?;, Patriarkj, &c *Tis well, And I prefume you do fo :
But then in any cafe take heed you affert it fo, as that the Fa&ion lay not
held of it, as if the BiJIiops were but the Title of Honour, and the fame
calling with a Prieji 5 For that they all aim at, &c. The eleventh Poftu-
latum is larger 3 and I Jhall not Repeat it becaufe I am fure you retain a
Copy of what y oh write to me, being the Ribbs of the workj> nor Jhalllfay
more to it, then that it muji be warily handled for fear of a faucy An-
fwer, which is more ready with them a great deal then a Learned one. I
prefume I am pardoned already for this freedom by yonr fubmijjion of all
to mc. And now I heartily pray you to fend me up, (keeping a Copy to your
felf againfi the accidents of Carriage) not the whole work, together, but
each particular head or Poftulatum, as you JrniJJjit $ that fa we here may
be the better able to confider of it, and the work, come onfafier. so to Gods
bleffed ProteQion, &c.
Such was the freedom which he ufedin declaring his judgment in
the cafe, and fuchthe Authority which his reafbns carried along with
them, that the Bifhop of Exon found good caufe to correct the obli-
quity of his opinion according to the Rules of thefe Aniraadverfions 3
agreeably unto which the book was writ and publifhed not long after,
under the name of Epifcopacy by Divine Right, &c.
Such care being taken to prevent all inconveniencies which might
come from Scotland, he cafts his eye toward the Execution of his for-
mer Orders for Regulating the French and Dutch Churches here in
England. It had been to no purpofe in him. to endeavour a Confor-
mity amongft the scots, as long as fuch examples of feparation did
continue amongft the Englifj. If the pofi-nati in the Churches, born
and bred in England j fhould not be bound to repair with other of their
Neighbours to their Parifh Churches, it might create a further mi£
chief then the prefent Scandal, and come up clofe at laft to formal
Schifm. His Order had been publifhed in all the Congregations, of
ftrangers within his Province, as before is faid 5 but Executed more
or left, as the Minifter and Church- Wardens ftood affe&ed to thofe
Congregations. And therefore that the Church- Wardens might more
punctually proceed in doing their duty. It was thought fit that certain
Articles
The Life of William
PART II. Articles (bould be framed and commmended to them for their future
Ann* Vom. direftion.The Reformation beingpurfued in his own Diocefs,and the
1639. Metropolitical City firft, it was to be prefumed, thatthofe in other
y^^/^J places would gladly follow the example. Of laying Taxes on thole
ftrangers in their feveral Parifbes for repairing of, and adorning their
feveral Parifh-Churches, and providing Ornaments for the fame they
were in all places careful enough} becaufe their own profit was con-
cerned in it. And for their proceedings in the reji tkey were direcledby
theje Orders to inquire of all fitch firangers as lived amongft thems the
names of all married perfbns in their Congregations as of the fecond de-
ferent in their feveral Varifoes, to the end that order might he taken for
decent feats for them, according to their Ejiates *nd qualities : that they
fhould return the names and ages ofthofe unmarried of the fecond defcent,
and whofe children and fervants they were'-, to the end that the like care
might he taken of their due refort to the Church, there to be Catechifed,
and Communicate according to their ages: that thofe at fixteen years
and upwards, that had not already Communicated fiould prepare them-
felves to receive the blejfed Sacrament in their Tariffj-Church at the next
Communion'-; and from thence forward thrice in the year afterwards as
the Canons of the Church require, as they would avoid prefntment to their
Ordinary for their neglect therein : that fitch as were Parents and Ala-
Jicrs of Families of the firsi and fecond defent, did thenceforth every
Lords day, half an hour after Evening Prayer, find all fuch, their Chil-
dren and Servants as were under fixteen to their Tar iflj-C hurt h, there
to be Catechifed according to the Orders of the Church, as they themfdves
upon pre fentment would anfwer the Contrary. Thefe Articles being
given in the middle of April, were Executed for the reft of the year
more punctually then in any ofthofe before. But it held not much
longer then the reft of that year : The troubles which the Archbifhop
fell into, in the year next following diffolving all his Orders and In-
junctions of this kind, as if never made.
With equal conftancy he governed his Counfels in all other parti-
culars. Some informations had been given him of certain mifde-
meanours and corruptions in Merton Colledge, of which he was the
Ordinary, and immediate Vifitor, in the Right of his See} and in that
Right he refolves upon a Vifitation both in Head, and Members. To
this employment he deputes his Right Trufty Friend and Allured
Servant, The Dean of the Arches whoentring on his charge in the
year forgoing 1638. made this Enquiry amongft others, viz. ivhither
they made due Reverence (by bowing towards the Altar or Communion
Table) when they came into the Chappel. And finding by a return tx>
this enquiry, that Corbet, and Cheynel two of the Fellows, not only
had neglected but refufed to make any fuch Reverence, he tryed all
fair and plaufibleperfwalions by himfelf and others to induce them too
flabeant debt- it- But not prevailing eitherway, hecertified the Archbifhop of his
turn reverent'u Proceedings, who thereupon caufed fome Injunctions to be fent to
Sfm7toT'the Colledgefor their future Governance, Amongft which I find this
' ' for one, that they ufedue and lowly Reverence towards the Lords
Table3 at their firft entrance into the Quire. Upon the coming where-
of
Lord ^Archhijhof of Canterbury. ^79
of there was no more difpute about it., thofe Reverences being made LIB.
by moft, and confrantly continued by them till the Parliament of Anno iyfa
Kovem. 3. In matters v rich concerned the Warden, it was thought t 6 X 9
fit by Lamb the Chief Commiftioner, to do nothing without further
direction, but only to acquaint the Archbifhop,in what State he found
them ; who thereupon recalled the bufinefs to himfelf. The parties
to appear before him Qttober following, at which time he fpent three
days in hearing and examining the Points indifference between "Brent
the Warden, and fuch of the Fellows of the Collcdge as complained
againft him : Bnt for determining the Caufe (the Warden appearing
very foul, as himfelf acknowledged) he took time till the firft of
July in this prefent year, that^m;* might have the better oppor-
tunities to content his Fellows, for the Errors of his Government in
the times precedent, and give them fome afturance of a Reforma-
tion for the time to come. Which noble Favour notwithstanding;,
and that he went off with no other Cenfure than a fair and Fatherly
Admonition: yet Brent unmindful of fo great a moderation toward
him, exprefs'd more readinelsin contributing towards his Condemna-
tion in the time of his Try al, than any of thofe who did moft eagerly
delire his Ruine.
Thecourfe and method of mybufrnefs having brought metoOxw.
I cannot depart thence, without taking notice of his further Bounty
and Munificence to that Umveriity. He had before entertained fome
thoughts of clearing trie great Square betwixt Saint Maries and the
Schools , intending to fiaV li railed a tair and capacious Room, advanced
on Pillars , the upper part to ferve for Convocations and Congrega-
tions, which till that time were held in the Church it felf} the lower
for a Walk or place of Conference, in which Students of all forts
might confer together, at their repairing to the Schools, the Library,
or any other bufinefs which concerned the Publick. But finding the
Owners of thofe Houfesnot fo willing to part with them, as he had
probably prefumed, he was fain to (hiftthe Scene, though he held his
purpofe, which fell out very happily for that Univerfity : For being
refolvedto free St.^rze/ Church from thofe Inconveniencies, which
the continual keeping of the Publick Convocations and Congregati-
ons mull: of neceility carry with it, he erected a (lately and moft ele-
gant Pile at the Weft endof the Divinity School, and Publick Libra-
ry $ The lower part whereof was fitted and accommodated for the
Convocations, and other Publick Meetings of that Famous Body:
The upper part, opening into the Bodleian Library, he trimmed with
all the Curiofities of Art and Coff , to ferve as a Repoiitory for fuch
Learned Writings, as the Piety of enfuing Times might confer upon
it. And that it might not be reported, that he had given them no-
thing but an empty Box, he furniftied it with no fewer than 1276
Manufcripts in feveral Languages, 700 whereof had been fent before
at divers times, when this beautiful Structure was in railing : The reft
Were fent on June 28. in this prefent year 5 ico of thefe laft being
in the Hebrew, Greeks Arabic^ and perfian Tongues. And that he
might make fome Acknowledgment to the Town of Reading, in which.
he
58o
The Life of W i l l i a m
PART fr. he was born, and in the Grammer-School whereof he had received
Ai-D. Dom. thefiritpartof his Edacation, he beftowed upon it about this timealfo
1699. a Revenue of no lefs than 203/. p:r Annum } to be thus difpofed of}
t-^*V"^J that istofay, 123 /. thereof to be parcelled out every two years, for
the placing of Apprentices, and fetting up of young Beginners who
had honeftly ferved out their Times} and every third year, for the
Marriage of five young Maidens which had lived with one Mafter or
Miftrefs forfeven years together} 50 /. of it to be yearly added for
an Augmentation tothe Mmifterof the Parifti-Church of St. Laurence
in which he was born, whofe means before was miferably fhort of that
which fome call a Competency \ and having purchafed the perpetual
Parfonage of it, he conferred it on St*John's Colledge in Oxon. to be
a fit Preferment for any one of the Fettows of that Houfe for the time
to come: 20/. of it be alotted yearly to encreafe the Stipend of the
Schoolmafter there \ 8 /. for the yearly Entertainment of the Prefident
and Feilowsof St. John's Colledge, whom he made his Vifitors, to fee
that all things (hould be carried as^ fairly od, as by him pioudy in-
tended j the remaining 40 s. being added as a yearly Fee to the Town-
Clerk, for Regiftring the Names of thofe who fhould from time to
time enjoy the benefit of fo great a Charity. Some other great De-
figns he had, but of afar more Publick and Heroick Nature} as the
encreafingof the Maintenance of all the poor Vicars in England } To
fee the Tythesof London fetled between the Clergy and the City }
For fetting up a Greeks Prefs at Oxon. and procuring Letters and Mat-
trices for the fame, wherewith to Print and Publifh all fuch Greeks Ma-
nufcriptsasweretobe found in that Library} For obtaining the like
Grant from his Majefty for buying in all Impropriations, as had been
made for the Repairing of St.Pauh: but not to take beginning,till that
Work was finiftied } For procuring an Extratf of all the Records of. the
Tower relating to the Church and Clergy, to be written in a fair Vel-
lom Book, which had been drawn down from the 2cth. of Edward 1.
tothe 1 4th of Edivardiv. with an intent to carry on the Work till the
laftyeapof King Henrj viii. that fo the Church might undeftand her
own Power and Priviledges. Rut the profecution of this Work from
thefaid 14th. of King Edwird'iv. and of alitherefl before-mentioned,
which he had hammered in defign, were mod unfortunately intermit-
ted, by the great alteration of Affairs which foon after followed. I
cannot tell whether Pofterity will believe or not, That fo many great
and notable Projectments could be comprehended in one Soul} moftof
them Ripened in a manner, the refidue in the Bud or Blofom, and Come
of them bringing forth the Fruits expected from them. But the beft
that none of hisDefigns were carried info clofe a manner, or left
in fo imperfect a condition, as not to give fome vifible Remem-
brances, as well of his Univerfal Comprehenfions, as his Zeal and
Piety.
For no'withftandingtheprefent Diftraftions which the FacHonand
Tumultuoufnefs of the Scott, had drawn upon him (enough to have
decreed a right Confiantine') let us look on him in the purfuit of his
former purpofes, and we (hall find him ftill the fame. The Bifaop of
Exeter s
, -III .. 1 —
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury, 381
jExeier's Book being finilhed, and recommended by the Author to his LIB. IV.
laft perufal before it went unto the Pfefs, he took the pain9 to read it Anno t>om-
over with care and diligence, in the perufal whereof he took notice, 1639.
amongft other things, that the ftrift Super ftition of the Sabbatarians y^tT^S*9^
v.a 3 but lightly touch 'd at 5 whereas he thought, that fome fmarter
Plaifterto that Sore, might have done no harm. Heobferved alfo,
that hepafied by this Point, viz,. Whether Epifcopacy be an Order or
Degree, as not much material 3 whereas in the Judgment of fuch Learn-
ed Men as he had confulted, it was the main ground of the whole
Caufe : And therefore he defired him to weigh it well, and to alter it
with his1 own Pen as foon as might be. But that which gave him moft
offence was, That the Title of Antichrijl Was pofitively and determi-
nately beftowed upon the Pope 5 Which being fo contrary to the Judg-
ment of many Learned Protejiants, as Well as his own, he allowed not
of: but howfoever thought it fit to acquaint his Majefty with the Bu- 1
finefs, and having fo done, to fubmit it to his Will and Preafure.
Concerning which, he writes thus to the Bimop in his Letter ofjan*
14. this prefent year, viz,. The lajl (with which I dnrji not but acquaint
bis Majesty) is about Antichrift, which Title in three or four places you
bejiow upon the Pope positively and determinately 5 whereas King James
of Ble (fed Memory, having brought Jirong proof in a Work^oj his, as you
well know, to prove the Pope to be Antichrift : yet being afterwards chal-
lenged about it, he made this Anfwcr, when the King that now is went into
Spain, and acquainted with if-> That he writ, that not concludingly, but
by way of Argument only , that the Pope and his adherents might fee,
there was as good and better Arguments to prove him Antichrift, than
for the Pope, to challenge Temporal Jurifiliffion over Kings. The whole
Tajfage being known to me, I could not but fpeak^ with the King about it,
who commanded me to write unto yon, that you might quali fie your Expref-
(ion in thef Particulars, and fo not differ from the fyiown judgment of
his Pious and Learned Father. This is eafily done with your own Pen 3
and the rather, becaufe all Proteftants joyn not in this Opinion of Anti-
chrift. According to which good advice,the Bilhop of Exon. qualified 1
fome df his Expreffions, and deleted other, to the Contentment of his
Sovereign, the Satisfaction of his Metropolitan, and his own great
Honour.
But whileft the Archbifhop laboured to fupport Epifcopacy ori the
one fide, fome of the Puritan Party did as much endeavour to fupprefs
it, by lopping off.the Branches firft, and afterwards by laying the Axe-
to the root of the Tree. Bagfiaw a Lawyer of fome ftanding of the
Middle Temple, did firft prepare the Way to the ruine of it, by quefti-
oning the Bilhops Place and Vote in Parliament, their Temporal Po-
wer, and the Authority of the High-Commiffion. For being chofen
Reader by that Houfe for the Lent Vacation, he firft began his Readings
on February 24. fele&ing for the Argument of his Difcouirfings the
the Statute 25 Edw. 3. cap. 7. In profecuting whereof, hehaddiftri-
buted his Conceptions into ten Parts, and each Part into ten feveral
Cafes 5 by which account hemuft have had one hundred blows at the
Church in his ten days Reading. His fflain defign was in the firft place,
382 The Life of W 1 l l j am
1 ART II. intended chiefly for the defence of fuch Prohibitions as formerly had
Anno Dun. been granted by the Courts in Weft mi nfter- Hall to flop the Proceed -
1639. ings of the Court chrijlian , and fpecially of the High-Commiffton^
v-^V""8^ and in the next place, to deny the Authority of the Commiffion it
f-lf, as before was noted. In order whereunto, he began firft to ftate
thefe Queftions, viz. I . Whether it be a good Act of Parliament without
the Affcutof the Lords spiritual? which he held affirmitavely. 2. Whe-
ther any beneficed Chrh^ were capable of Temporal Jurifd/tJi-on at the time
of mukjng that Law? which he held in the negative. And 3. Whether
a Bifiop, without calling a synod, have rower as Diocefan to ccnvitl an
Herctick ? which he maintained in the negative alfo. The news
whereof being brought to Lambeth, there was no need of warning the
Archbilhop to look about him, who was not to be told what a ftrong
Faction fome of the Scotidng Lawyers had made againft the Church m
■Queen Elizabeths Time, carried it on under the Government of
King James, and now began to threaten as much danger to it as in for-
mer times. He thereupon informs his Majefty both of the Man and
his Deiign, and how far he had gone in justifying the Proceedings of
the Scottijl) Covenanters, indecryingthe Temporal Power of Church-
men, and the undoubted Right of Bifcops to their Place in Parliament.
His Majeity hereupon gives Order to Finchthe new Lord Keeper, to
interdict all further Reading on thofe Points, or any others of like na-
ture, which might adminiicer any further Flame to the prefentCom-
buftions. The Lord Keeper having done his part, and the Reader
addrefiinghimfelf to him, that by his leave he might proceed in the
courfeof his Exercile, itwasfoon found, that nothing could be done
therein without leave from the-King 5 and no fuch leave to be obtained,
but by the Approbation and Confent of the Lord Archbifhop. To
Lambeth therefore goes the Reader, where he found no admittance till
the making of his third Addrefs, and was then told, That he was fall-
en upon a SubjeCt neither fafe nor feafonable, which JJ)ould ftitk^ clofer
to him then he was aware of ■ Bagfiaw endeavoured fomething in his
own defence, as tothe choice of the Argument} and fomewhat alfo,
as to the impoffibility of fettling to any other Subject in the prefent
Conjuncture deliring his Grace to be a means unto the King, that he
might proceed in performance of the Task he had undertaken. To
which the Archbifhop ftoutly anfwered, That his Majefty was other-
nwfs refolved in it'-y and that perhaps it had been better for the Reader
himfelf to have given over at the firft, than have incurred his Majefties
Royal Indignation by that unfeafonable Adventure. No better Anfwer
being given him, away goes BagJJjaw out of Town, accompanied
with forty or fifty Horfe, (and it was a great Honour to the Houfe
that he had no more, who feemed to be of the fame Faction and Affecti-
ons alfo, as their defigned Reader was, being inftru&ed, though too
late, that they could not have lb great a care of their Courts and Pro-
fit, as the Archbishops had of the Churches power. Such was the con-
ftancy of his fpirit, that notwithftanding the Combuftions in Scotland*
the ill profecutingof the laft Summers Action, and the uncertainties
of what might happen in the next, he always fteered his courfe with a
fteady
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. 383
Iteady handto the Port he aimed at, though it pleafed God to let him L I B. I V.
fuffer Shipwrack in the mouth of the Haven. Anno Dom.
The interrupting of this man in the courfe of his Reading, thehold- 1699.
ing of Co ftrift an hand over the Congregations of the French and
Dutch within his Province, and thefe compliances on the other fide
with the Church of Rome, were made occasions of thechmour, which
was raifed againft him concerning his defign to fupprefs the Gofpel,
and to bring in Popery and Arminiunifm^ or at the leaft to make a
Reconciliation betwixt us and Rome, towards which the Doftrineof
Ar mini us was given out for a certain Preamble. Which general cla-
mour being raifed againft him and the reft of theBifhops, I find thus
flourifht over by one of their Oratours in the Houfe of Commons.
" A little fearch (faith he) will find them to have been the deftrudti-
"011 of Unity under pretence of Uniformity 5 To have brought in ^efcf}
ccSuperftmon and Scandal under titles or Reverence, and Decency} p# 3.
"To have defiled our Church by adorning our Churches 5 To have
"flackned the ftri&nefsof that Union which was formerly between us
c:and thofe of our Religion beyond the Seas, An Action as unpolitick
" as ungodly : Or we (hall find them to have refembled the Dog in the
ccManger, to have neither preached themfelves, nor imployed thofe
"thatfhould, nor fufFered thofe that would 5 To have brought inCa-
cctechifing only to thruft out Preaching, and cried down Le&ures by
"the name of Faft ions, either becaule their induftry in that duty ap-
peared a reproof to their neglect of it, or with intention to have
" brought in darknefs, that they might the eafier fow their tares while
" it was night: and by that introduction of ignorance, introduce the
" better that Religion which accounts it the Mother of Devotion. In
cc which (faith he) they have abufed his Majefty, as well as his Peo-
" pie 5 for when he had with great wifdom filenced on both parts thofe
" opinions which have often tormented the Church, and have, and al-
" ways will trouble the Schools, They made ufe of this Declaration to
"tyeupone fide, and to let the other loofe, whereas they ought ei-
6< ther in difcretion to have been equally reftrained, or in juftice to
" have been equally tollerated. And itisobfervable, that the party
"to which they gave this Licence, was that, whofe Do&rine, though
" it was not contrary to Law, was contrary to Cuftom, and for along
" while in this Kingd om was nooftner Preached than Recanted, &c.
t:We find them introducing fuch Do&rmes, as admitting them to be
"true, the truth could not recompence the (candal, or fuch as were
"fo far falfe, asSir Thomas More fays o£ the Cajidjis, their bufinefs was
"not to keep men from finning, but to inform them, Quam prope ad
"peccatvm, fine peccato liceat accedere. So it feemed their work was
"to try how much of a Papiji might be brought in without Popery,
" and to deftroy as much of the Gopel without bringing themfelves
" into danger of being deftroyed by Law. To go yet further, fome
"of them have fo induftruoufly laboured to deduce themfelves from
" Rome, that they have given great fufpicion that in gratitude they de-
" fire to return thither, or at leaft to meet it half way 5 fome have evi-
" dently laboured to bring in an EngUJh, though not a Roman Popery.
Ccc 2 I
3 84
The Life o/William
part II.
Anno "Dotiu
1659.
p. 4.
p. 14.
CCI mean not only the outfideand drefsof it, but equally abfolute, a
£C blind dependanceon the people upon the" Clergy and of the Clergy
" Upon themfelves and have oppofed the Papacy beyond the Seas,
cc that they might fettle one beyond the water.
Such being the general charge which was laid againft him, we will
confider in this place what may befaid in order to hisdefence, as to
fome feeming Innovations into the Worfhip of God, his defign to
bring in Popery by the back-door of Arminianifm, and his endeavour-
ing of a Reconciliation betwixt us and Rome. And firfr, as touching
fach Innovations m the Worfhip of God, he makes a general purgati*
on of himfclf in his Speech made in the star-Chamber, the fum and
fubftance whereof you have feen before. Out of which rfhall only
take this fhort and pithy Declaration which he makes of himfelf,in re-
lation to this part of his charge, viz. cc lean fay it clearly and truly,
tc as in the prefence of God, that 1 have done nothing, as a Prelate, to
cc the utmoftof what f am confeious, but with a fingle heart, and with
cc a fincere intention for the good Government and honour of the
*c Church, and the maintenance of the Orthodox truth, and Religion
cc of Chrift, profelTed, efbblifhed, and maintained in the Church of
"England. For my care of this Church, the reducing it to Order, the
" upholding of the External Worfhip of God in it, and the fettling
<cof the Rules of its firft Refornjation3are the can fe (and thefcle caufe,
cc whatfoever is pretended) of this malicious ftorm that hath lowred
ccfo black upon me, and fome of my Brethren. The like Declarati-
on healfo makes in his firft Speech to the Lords, at the time of his
tryal, where we find it thus : "Ever (incel cameinto place (faith he)
"Ihave laboured nothing more than that the External Worfhip of
£C God (Co much flighted in divers parts of this Kingdom) might be
cc prefer ved and that with as much Decency and Uniformity as might
cc be; Fori evidently faw, that the publick neglect of Gods Service in
c< the outward face of it, and the natty lying of many places dedicated
tc to that Service, had almofr. caft a damp upon the true and inward
WorQiipof God, which while we live in the body needs External
c helps, and all little enough to keep it in any vigour. And this! did
to theutmoft of my knowledge according both to Law and Canon,
;c and with the confent and liking of the People, nor did any Com-
ccmand iflue out from meagainft the one or the other. And finally,
we (hall find the like Declaration made by him on the Scaffold at the
timeof his death, in which fad hour there was no diflembling (fandl
conceive all charitable men will believe fo of it) before God or man.
But becaufe it relates alfo to the next particular, we {hall there meet
with it.
And for the next particular, concerning the defigning to bring in
ropery, it hath been further aggravated by his correfpondency with
the Popes Miniftcrs here in England, and his indulgence to that Party
upon all occafions. But of this he eleanfed himfelf fufficiently in the
Star-Chamber Speech before remembred, in which he pnbliekly a-
vowed: cc Firff, That he knew of no plot or purpofe of altering the
cc Religion eftabliihed. Secondly, That he had never been f.:.r from
cc attempt-
re
Lord tdrcbbifhop of Canterbury, 5^5
cc attempting any thing that may truly be Paid to tend that way in the L I B. IV.
cc lea ft degree. Andrhirdiy, having offered his Oath for the other AHn^Dam-
" two,that if the Ring had a mind to change Religion (which he knew 1699.
<c he had not) his Ma jetty mutt feek for other Instruments, how bafely R^ff^'^J
"foever thofe men had conceived of him. The like allbrance he his Dt<tth>
gives alio in thelaft hour of his life, when he was going to render an fcc-p.ao.
account of all his Actions before Gods Tribunal. cc Here is a Cla-
c: mour that I would have brought in Popery, but I was born and bap-
" tized (faith hej in thebofom of the Church of England, ettablifhed
" by Law i in thot profeffion I have ever fince lived, and in that I come
now to dye. This is no time to dillemble with God, leaft of all in
"matters of Religion 5 and therefore I defire it may beremembred, I
w have always lived in the Proteftant Religion ettablifhed in England,
"and in that I come bow to dye. And then he adds with reference
"to the point before, " What Clamours and tlanders I have endured
" for labouring to keep an Uniformity in the External Service of God,
"according to the Doctrine and Dii'cipline of this Church, all men
"know? and I have abundantly felt. His Conference with Fifier the
Jefuite, in the year 1622. and his enlarging of that Conference, Anno
1697. with Derings atteftation to it, which before we had, domoft
abundantly evince this truth, that he approved not the Doctrine of
the Church of Rome. And as he approved not of their Doctrines, fo
heasmuch difliked their practices for gaining Profelytes, or multiply-
ing their followers in all parts of the Kingdom : concerning which he
tells his Majefty, Thai though he never had advifecl a perfecution of the Epifi.toty
Papifty in any kind, yet God forbid (faith he') that your Majefty fljould King before
let both Laws and Difcipline fleep for fear of a Perfecution, and in the tf)eCanf'
mean time let Mr. Fifher and his Fellow Angle in all parts of your Domi- 1
nions for your Subjects. If in your Grace and Goodnefs you will fpare
their per fons i yet I humbly befeech you to fee to it, that they benotfuffer-
edto hy either their Weels, or bait their Hooks, or caft their Nets in
every ftream, leaft the Temptation grow both too general) and too ftrong.
So he in the Epittle Didicatory to his Large Relati on of the Conference
between him and Fifher, publifhed in the end of the year foregoing.
Afluredly it muft needs feem extremely ridiculous to others, and con-
tradictory to it felf, to confute the chief Doctrines ofthe Papifts, and
oppofe their practicings, if he had had any fuch defign to bring in
ropery. .
And being thus averfe from them in point of Doctrine he declined
all correfpondence and acquaintance with them, whereby he might
come under thefufpicion of fome fecret Practice. I hold it probable
enough, that the better to oblige the Queen unto him (of whofe Pre-
valency in the Rings affections he could not be ignorant) he might
confentto Con's coming hither over from the f^ope, to be aftiftant to
her in fuch affairs as the nature of her Religion might occafion with
the See of Rome: But he kepthimfelf at fuch a diftance, that neither
Con, nor Panzani before him (who acted for a time. in the fame capa-
city J could fatten any acquaintance on him. The Pamphlet called, Pop% NmCa
The Popes Nuncio, Printed in the year 1 643. hath told us, ec That Pan- pa jo
zani
f
386 The Life of W 1 l l i a m
PART If. ^ zani at his beinghere, did delire a Conference with the Archbifiiop
Anno Vom. c£ of Canterbury, but was put off and procraftinated therein from day
1659. <c to day} That at the laft he departed the Kingdom without any Speech
^l^ifechltb W*tn ^e ''^e VV^ ^n(^ *n ^i^covery °f Awdre.is ab Habern-
DominoyAuhi'fivld) whotellsus of hisCtftf, cc That rinding the Kings Judgment to de-
epifiopRegi ft pend much.on the Archbifhop of Canterbury , his faithful Scrvanr,
tumanhnum " ne refolved to move every ftone, andbendallhis ftrength to gain
Regis m eis c: him to his fide : being confident he had prepared, the means. For
y£ll,fi6 ' "ne nac* a comman(^ to nsake offer of a Cardinals Cap to the Lord
"Archbifiiop in the name of the Pope of Rome 3 and that he fhonld
<c allure him alfo with higher promifes, that he might corrupt his fin-
c:cere mind 3 yet a fitting occafion was never offered whereby he
cc might infinuate himfelf into the Lord Archbifhop, to whom free
c * accefs was to be impetrated by the Earland Countefs of Arundel, as 3]-
ccfo by Secretary Windebank^, all whofe interceffions he neglected,
cc and did fhun ("as it were the Plague) the company or F amiliarity of
ccCon. He was alfofollicited by others of no mean Rank, well known
cCtohim, and yet he continued unmovable. And whereas fome found
8 way to help at laft by making Windebank^ the Internuncio betwixt
him and them, that only fervesto make the matter rather worfe than
better, there being a great ffrangnefs grown betwixt him and iirin-
debankj, not only before Cons coming into the Realm : but before
Panzani had fetled any courfe of intelligence in the Court of
England.
As for his favours towards thofe of the Catholick Party, and his
connivence oftheir Practices, which is next objected } as he had good
reafonfor the one: fothere could be no reafon to object the other.
He had good reafon for the one, viz,. That by Chewing favourstothe
Papijis here, they might obtain the like favours for fuch Proteftants as
lived in the Dominion of Popifii Princes. Upon which ground King
James extended many favours to them in his time, as appears by the
letter written on their behalf by the Bifhop of Lincoln then Lord
Keeper. And yet perhaps he had abetter Reafon for it then this, which
was. That feeing the Puritans grown fo ftrongeven to the endanger-
ing of our Peace both in Church and State, by the negligence and
BibURegia. remifsnefsof theibrmer Government, hethought itneceiiary to fhew
fome countenance to the Papijis ■> that the ballance being kept even be-
tween the parties, the Church and State might be preferved ("as in-
deed they were J in the greater fafety. And this appeareth to be his
Cheif inducement to it. in regard, that when the Proteftant party was
grown ftrong enough toftand and go without fuch Crutches, he then
declared himfelf openly before the King at a Council-Table againft
Mountague, Matthews, and the like 5 and wrought fo far, that he re-
moved them from the Court to learn more moderation: and this may
fiifficiently abfolve him from all fuch connivence as without Reafon is
objected. And yet I have another Demonftiation to difchargehim,
of it. In the "November of this year I received a meffagefrom him to
attend him the next day at two of the Clock in the Afternoon. Trie-
Key being turned which opened the way into his Study, I found him
fitting
Lard \Ay chbijhop of Canterbury.
fitting ma Chair holding a Paper in both hands, and his eyes fo fix- LI E. IV-
ed upon the Paper that heobferved me not at my coming in. Find- Amo Vetn.
ing him m that Pofture I thought it tit in manners to retire again 5 1639.
but the noife I made by my retreat, bringing him back unto himfelf, \~4?ms/~,%+
he recalled me to him, and told me after fome ihort paufe, that he
well remembred he had fent for me, but could not tell for his life
what it was about. Alter which he was.pleafed to (ay (not with-
out tears in his eyes) that he had then newly received a letter, ac-
quainting him with the Revolt of a Perfon of quality in North Wales
to the Church of Rome'-) that he knew that the increafe of Popery ^ by
fuch frequent Revolts would be imputed unto him, and his bre-
thren the Bifhops, who were leaft guilty of the fame 5 that for his
part he had done his utmoft fo far forth as it rai$ht canfift with
the Rules of prudence, and the preservation of the Church, to fup-
prefs that party, and to bring the chief -(ticklers in it to condigne
punrfhment. To the truth whereof (lifting up his wet eyes to
Heaven) he took God to witnels> conjuring me fas I would art
fwer it to God at the day of Judgment) that if ever I; come to any
of thofe places, which he and his Brethren. by reafon of their great
age were not likely to hold long, I would imploy all fuch abilities as
God had given me, in fuppreffing the Romifh party, who by their
open undertakings, and fecret practices were like to be the r uine. of this
fiouriihing Church. 1 .
Finally touching thedefign of working a Reconciliation betwixt us
and Rome. I.find it charged upon him by another writer who holds it
as anlawful to be undertaken, As it was impoilible to be etfe&ed; Cb.0.\^
2.:Moft apparent it is (faith he J by feyeral parages in his life, that be 1,4 p'a ;'
44 endeavoured to take up many controverfies betwixt us and the
"Church of Rome^ Co to comprife the difference, and to bring us to a
H vicinity | if not contiguity therewith. An impoffible defign f if grant-
"edlawful) as fome every way his equals, didadjudge. Forcom-
t( pofitioo is impoffible with fuch, who will not agree unlefsall they
"fue for,'<and all. the charges of the fuit be to the utmoft farthing a-
tc warded to them. Our Reconciliation with Rome "is clogged with
<c the famtnmpoflibilities 5 fhe may be gone to, but will never be met
tcwith, foxrh htv.pnde ov.'TeeviJlmcfs. nottoftir a fie p to obviate any
<cof a different Religion. Rome will never fo far Vnpopeher felf, as
^tbpart with her pretended Supremacy, ,and Infallibility^ which cuts
« ofFattpnfKbiljty of Prbteftants treating with her,if poffibie without
6t prejudice to Gods glory and truth, other controverfies might be com-
fcjiofed. ;Which done England wodd.-hatfe been an lliand as well in
•*Re3igibtt^na^.rituatton^ -cut off from the Continent of Foraign Pro-
*■* teftahr Ci^tabes., in a iirigular pofture by. it felf, h ard to be i magined,
"butfhatdetilobe erTeftetL' Mfl
But unto-C^ifs it hatfobeen.A'nfwered, that if it be a Crime > it is No- Animad.
mmCr^^xhztnt&Cej,:^ Crime of a new ftamp never coyned be-
fore, f th&djt lit, when ourtSavibur faidb Beati f acifici^ it had been fuffi-
cknt warrant vunto. any Wacw to endeavour peace, to build up the
breaches ifiitnlS' Churchy'; and to make. Jernfalem like a. City which is
388
The Life of William
PART ir. at unity in it felf'-> efpecially where it may be done not only salvi
Anno Vom. Ch'aritite, without breach of Charity •-, but falva fide too, without
1699. wrong to faith'-, the greateft part of the controverlies betwixt us and
t-^V^J the Churh of Rome not being in the Fundamentals, or in any Effential
point intheChriftian Religion, I cannot otherwise look upon it, but
as a moft pious work, to endeavour an attonement in the fuperftru-
ctures. But hereof the writer feems to doubt : firft whither fuch
endeavours to agree and compofe the differences be lawful or not, and
fecondly whither they be pojjible. As for the Lawfulnefs thereof, I
could never fee any Reafon produced againft it, not fo much as any
tjueftion made of it, till I found it here : Againft the Poffibility there-
of it hath been objected, that fuch and fo great is the pride of the
Church of i?0/#e that they will condefcend to nothing 5 and therefore
if any fuch composition be made, it muft not be by their meeting us,
but by our going to them: But as that Writer fays, that many of the
Archbifhops Equals adjudged the defign of his to bQimpojfible 5 fomay
I fay (without making any fuch odious comparifbnsj that many men
of eminence for their parts and piety have thought otherwife of it.
It was the Petulancy of the Puritans on the one fide, and the Pragma-
ticalnefs of the Jefuites on the other, which made the breach wider
then it was at firft} andhadthofe hot fpirits on both fides been calm-
ed a while, moderate men might poffibly have agreed upon fuch equal
terms, as would have laid a fure foundation for the peace of
Chriftendom. Now that all thofe in the Church of Rome are not
fo ftiffiy wedded to their own opinions as that Writer makes
„ them., appears firft by the Teftimony of the Archbiihop of Spalato3
declaring in the High Commijfion a little before his going hence,
that he acknowledged the Articles of the Church to be true, or profitable at
the leaji 5 and none of them to be Heretical. It appears fecondly by a
Tractate of Francifcus a San&a Clara, (as he calls himfelf) in which
heputteth fuch aglofs upon the 39 Articles of the Church of England
as readreth them not inconfiftent with the Doctrines of the Church of
Rome. And if without prejudice to the truth, the controverfies might
have been compofed, it is moft probable, that other Proteftant
Churches would have fued by their Agents to be included in the Peace:
if not, theGhurch of England had loft nothing by it, as being hated
by the Calvinijls, and not loved by the Lutherians.
Admitting then that fuch a Reconciliation was endeavoured betwixt
the Agents for both Churches, Let us next fee what our great States-
men have difcourfed upon that particular, upon what terms the
Agreement was to have been made, and how far they proceeded
Pope Nunc. *11 ^' ^n<^ t^ie D0°k entituled the Popes Nuncio, affirmed to have
p j N been written by a Venetian AmbaflTadour at his being in England^ doth
difcourfe it thus. " As to a Reconciliation (faith he) between the
"Churches of England and Rome, there were made fome general Pro-
volitions and overtures by the ArchbiQiops Agents, they alluring
" that his Grace was very much difpofed thereunto 5 and that if it was
"not accompliftit in his life time, it would prove a work of more
"difficulty after his death '■> that in very truth for thelaft three years,
"the
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury. 389
" the Archbifbop had introduced fome Innovations approaching near L I B. IV.
"theRites and Forms otRomzs that the Bifhop of Chichejiera. great Anno Vom.
" Confident of his Crace, the L ord Treafurer and eight other Bifhops 163 9. .
"of his Graces party, did moft paflionately defire a Reconciliation U^V"^J
with the Church of Rome, that they did day by day receed from
" their Ancient Tenents to accommodate with the Church of. Rome'-,
■that therefore the Pope on his part, ought to make fome fteps to
meetthem, and the Court of H<?«ze Remit fomething of itsRigoriri
"Qo&rjpe, or otherwife no accord would be. The competition on
both lidesin fo good a forwardnefs, before Panzany left the King-
"dom, that the Archbifbop., and Bifhop of Chichejier had often faid,
" that there were but lwo forts of People likely to impede and hinder
"theReconciliation to wit, the Puritans amongft the Proteftants, and •
: the Jefhiiu among!} the Catholicks.
Let us next lee the Judgment and Relation of another Author in a
gjofs or Comment on the Former, intituled the Englif) Pope Printed
at London in the lame year 1643. And he well tells us that after Con
had undertook the managing of the affairs, matters began to grow to-
ward fome agreement. The King required, faith he, (ab) fuch a ap^2o
difpenfation from the then Pope, as that his Catholick Subjects might t> j£ p. M,
refort to the Prorefrant Churches, and to take the oaths of Supremacy \
and Fidelity, and that the Popes Jurifdiftion here fhould be declared
to be but of humane Right. "And fofar had the Pope confented that
" whatsoever did concern the King therein, fhould have been really
"performed, fo far forth as other Catholick Princes ufually enjoy,
" and expedc as their due 3 and fo far as the Bifhops were to be Inde*
"pendent both from Kingand Pope: there was no fear of. breicb pn
"the Popes part. So that upon the point the Pope was to content
himfelf amongft: us in England with a. Priority inftead of a Superiority
over other B^thops, and with a Trinit y instead of a Supremacy in fy. L
thefe parts of Chriftendom : which I conceive no man of Learning,
and Sobriety would have grudged to grant him. It was alfo conde-
fcended to in the name of the. Pope that marriage might be permit-
ted to Priefts, that the Communion might be Adminiftred fub utra-
(jm fpeci&iod that the Liturgy rriightbe officiated in the Engliflj tongue.
And though the Author adds not long after, that it was to, be fufpecl-
ed, That fo far as the infenour Clergy^ and the people were concern c4±
the after performance was to be -left to the Popes Difcretion'^ yet this
v>-as but his own fufpicion, without ground at all. . And to obtain a
fveconci lotion upon thefe Advantages the Archbifhop had all the
P^eajbn in the world to do. as he did, in ordering the Lords Table
to be placed where the Altar flood, and making the accuftomed
Reference in all approaches -towards it, and aceelTes to it •> in beau-
tifying and adorning Churches, and celebrating the Divine Service
with all due Solemnities 5 in taking care that all offensive and exaf-
perajing paftages fhould be expunged out of fuch Books as were
broqght to the Prefs^ and for reducing the extravagancy of fome o-
pinions to an eyener temper. His Majefty had the like Reafon alfo
tor tolerating Lawful Recreations on the Sundays and Holy-days,
Ddd The
The Life o/"William
PART II. The rigorous Reftraint whereof made fome Papitrs think (thofe molt
Aam T>om. efpecially of the vulgar fort, whom it moft concerned) that all ho-
1639. neftPaftime were incompetible with our Religion. And if heapprov-
V^J^V^J ed Auricular Confejfzon, and (hewed himfelf willing to introduce it in-.
to- the life of the Church, as both our Authors fay he did 5 it is no more
then what the Liturgy Commends totheCareof the Penitent (though
we fino* not the word Auricular in it) or what the Canons have provided
for in the point of fecurity for fuch as (hall be willing to confefs them-
PopeiNme. felves: But whereas we are told by one of our Authors, that /he King
p. i2« fl'ould fay, he would ufe force to make it be received,wcre it not for fear
of Sedition amongtt the People 5 yet is but in one of our Authors nei-
ther, who hath no other Author for it than a namelefs Doctor.
• And id the way towards fo happy an agreement (though they all
(land accufed for it by the Englijh Pope, pag. 15.) Sparrow may be
excufed for placing it with Auricular Confefflon 5 and Watts for Pe-
nanceUeylyn for Adoration toward the Altars and Mount ague for
fuch a qualified praying to Saints, as his books maintain againft the
Papifls.
It you would know how far they had proceeded towards this happy
Reconciliation , the Popes Nuncio will allure us thus } That the Vnizer-
flties, TSifliops, and Divines of this Realm, did dayly embrace Catholic!^
Opinions , though they profefs'd not fo much with Ten or Mouth for fear
of the Puritans. For example, they hold, That the Church of Rome is
a true Church i That the Pope is Superiour to' all -Biffwps) That to him it
appertains to call General Councils 5 That it is lawful to pray for the Soul
of the Departed That Altars ought to be erected of Stone : In fin/, That
they believe all that is taught by the church, but not by the Court of Rome.
VmBionto Another of their Authors tells us (as was elfewhcre noted) Thai
N.N.pref. thofe amongJt us of greateft Worth, Learning, and Authority, began to
(eft. 2C» love Temper and Moderation'-, That their Doffrines began to be altered
in many things, for which their Progenitors forfook^the Vifible Church
of chriji'-, as for Example, The Pope not Antichrift, Prayers for the
Dead, Limbus Patrum, P0ures 5 That the church hath Authority in
determining Controversies of- f aith , and to interpret Scriptures about
Free-will, Predeftination , Univerfal Grace} That 'all our Work) arc
not Sins, Merit of Good Worlds, Inherent Jfyl fee, Faith alone dotb j'ufli-
fie, Charity to be preferred before knowledge, The Authority of Tradili*
ons, Commandments pojfible'to < b&l(?ptiTh&t in Expnfition of the Sfrip-
ture, they are by Canon bound to follow the Fathers'-, And that the1 once
fearful Names of Priefts and A\tart, are u fid willingly in thefr Talk:' and
Writings. In which Compliances, fo fatf forth as they fpeak the truth
(for in fome Points, through the ignorance of the one and the malice
the other, they are much miftaken) there is fcarce any thing wftich
may not very well confift with the efrablifhed (though for a time dif-
continued) Do&rine ofthc Church of England) the Article1? whereof,
as the fame fefuite hath obferved, feem patient, or ambitious raifher,
of fome fenle wherein they may feemCathblick : And fuch a ferife is
putuponthemby him that calls htmfelf Fr.mcijlut a Satla Clara, as be-
fore wasfaid. And if upon fuch CompliaiKcsas thofe before, cm the
Lord zArchbifhcj) of Canterbury. 391
part of the Englijh, the Conditions offered by the Pope might have L I B. IV.
been confirmed, Who feeth not, that the greateft Benefit of the tie- Anno Vorn»
conciliation would have redounded to this Church, to the King and 1659.
People > His Majefties Security provided for, by the Oath of Supre- o^"V"^J
macy and Allegiance, fo far as it concerned his Temporal Powers The
Biftiops of England to be independent of the Popes of Rome 5 The
Clergy to be permitted the ufe of Marriage 5 the People to receive the
Communion in both KINDS, and all Divine Offices officiated in the
Englifi Tongue 5 No Innovation made in Doctrine: but only in the
qualify ing of fome Expre(Tions,and difcharging fome Out-landiQi Glof-
fesas were put upon them. And feeing this, What man could be Co
void of Charity, fo uncompaffionate of the Miferies and Diffractions
of Chrifiendom, as not to wifhfrom the very bottom of his Soul, That
the Reconciliation had proceeded upon fo good Terms? as not to
magnifie the men tofucceeding Ages, who were the Inftrumentsand
Authors of fo great a Eleffmg ?
But then admitting, as we may, That no fuch Reconciliation was
upon the Anvil 5 and that our two Difcourfers have proceeded only up-
on Suppofitions: yet Canterbury had good ground for what he did,
were it no other then the fettling of the Church of England upon the
firft P rinciples and Pofitions of her R eformation. But he had further
aims than fo. He had fome thoughts (and I have reafon to believe it}
by Conferences firft 5 and if that failed, by the ordinary courfe of Ec-
clefiaftical Cenfures, (a) of gaining the Papijis to the Church 5 and ^ c
therefore it concerned him in point of Prudence, to fmooth the way9 j^f* ^
by removing all fuch Blocks and Obftacles which had been laid before
themby the Puritan Faction. He knew, that from their Infancy they
had been trained up in a Regular Order of Devotion 5 and that they
loved tbat Religion belt, which came accompanied with Decency and
External Splendour: That they objected nothing more againft us,
than the Novelty of our Doctrine, tthe Heterodoxies ma ntained
in Publick by fome of our Preachers, the (lovenly keeping of our
Churches, the Irreverence of the People in them, the rude and carelefs
flubberingover of our Common Prayers. And what Encouragements
had they for reforting to the Congregation, when they fhould hear the
Pope defamed, whom they beheld with Reverence as their Common
Fathers their Ceremonies to be counted Antichriftian , their Mais
Idolatrous , their whole Religion worfe then that of the Turks and
Moors? conformity to whom in Rites and Ceremonies, was held to
be more tollerable by the Puritan Preachers, than to thofe of Rome.
Thefe Rubs were firft to be removed, before they could have any
thoughts of uniting to us. And for the removing of thofe Rubs, he
fell upon the courfes before-mentioned j which being Renovations
only of fome ancient Ufages, were branded by the odious name of
Innovations , by fome of thofe who out of cunning and defign had
long difufed them. Some zealous Proteftants beheld his Actings
with no fmall fear, as byaffing too ftrongly toward Rome? that the
Puritans exclaimed againft him for a Papifi, and the Papijis cried him up
for theirs, and gave themfelves fome flattering hopes of our coming
Ddd 2 to*
542 The Life o/William
PART II. towards them: But the mod knowing and understanding men amongft
AnnoVom. them, found plainly, That nothing could tend more to theirdeftru-
i 6 3 9. crion, than the introducing of fome Ceremonies which by late negli-
i^^^J gence and Practice had been difcontinued. For I have heard from a
Perfon of known Nobility, That at his being at Rome with a Father of
the EngUjt) Colledge, one of the Novices came in and told him with a
great deal of joy, That the Evgliftw ere upon returning to the Church
of Rome i That they began to fet up Altars, to Officiate in their Copes,
to Adorn their Churches, and to paint the Pictures of the Saints in the
Church Windows : To which the old Father made Reply, with fome
indignation, That he talked like an ignorant Novice 5 That thefe
Proceedings rather tended to the Ruine, than Advancement of the
Catholick Caufe } That by this means the Church of England coming
nearer to the ancient Ufages, the Catholicks there would fooner be
drawn off from them, than any moreof that Nation would fall off to
Rome.
In reference to Do&nnal Points, Heterodoxies, and new Opini-
ons, and fuch extravagant Expreffions, both from Prefs and Pulpit, he
took as much care as in the other. And to that end,he was not pleafed
that the rope fhould be any longer ftigmatized by the name of Anil-
chrijlj and gave a ftricr Charge unto his Chaplains, That all exafpe-
rating Paffages (which edefie nothing) fhould be expunged out of
fuch Rook: as bv them were to be Licenfed to the. Prefs 5 and that no
Do&rinesof that Church ftiould be writ againft: but fuchasfeemed
to be inconfiftent with theeftablifrYd Do&rine of the Church of Eng-
land. Upon which ground it was, that Baker Chaplain to the Bifhop
of London refuted to Licenfe the Reprinting of a Book about the Gun-
piwder-Treafon, faying to him that brought the Book, That we were not
Cant. Doom. f0 angry with the Papifts now, as we were about twenty years (ince i and
l84# that there was no need of any fuch Books to exafperate them, there being
now an endeavour to win them to us by ftirnefs and mildnefs. And on
the; fame ground, Bray Chaplain to the Archbifhop, refufed the Li-
cencing of another, called, The Advice of a Son, unlefs he might ex-
ib'td p 2<3 punge fome unpleafing Expreffions, affirming, That thofe Vaffagcs would
& S*6' ' offend the Papifts, whom we were now in a fair way of winning, and
therefore muji not ufe any harfh phrajes agxinB them. The Chaplains
not to be condemned for their honeft care, and much iefs their Lords
though I find it very heavily charged as a Crime in all. fn the Englijl)
Litany fet out by King Henry viii. and continued in both Liturgies of
King Edward vi. there was this Claufe againft the Pope, viz. From the
Tiranny of the Biflwp of Rome, and all his dctejiable enormities, Good
Lord, &c. Which being confidercd as a means to affright thofe of
the Romiflf Party from coming diligently to our Churches, was pru*
dently expunged by thofe who had the Reviling of the Lrturgie, in
the firft year of the Queen. In imitation of whofe Piety and Chriftian
Care, it was thought fit by the Archbifhop to change fome Phrafes
which were found in the Books of Prayer appointed for the Fifth of
November. The firft was this Root out the Babylonip and Antichriflian
Seel, which fay of Jerufalem, Down with it, &c. Which he changed
only
Lord «ArcbbiJkop of Canterbury.
34?
only unto this. Root out the Babylonifj or AntichrifliansecJ, ("of them) LIB. IV.
which fay, &c. The fecond was, Cut off thofe Workers of Iniquity, Anno Vom.
whofe Religion is Rebellion, and whofe Faith is Faction'-, which he 1659.
changed no otherwife than thus, Cutoff thofe Workers of Iniquity , who C^V"*^
turn Religion into Rebellion, &c. The Alterations were but fmall, but
the clamour great which was raifed about it. The Puritans complain-
ing, That the Prayers fo altered, were intended to re fled on them, feem-
ed to be confeious to rhemfelves of turning Religion into Rebellion, and
fiyingof Jerufalem (like the old Babylonifj Sec7) Down with it, down
with it to the ground. But he had better reafon for it, than they had
againft it. For if the firft Reformers were fo careful of giving no
offence to the Romift Party, as to expunge a PalTage out of the Publick
Liturgie, when the Queen was a Protejiant much greater reafon had
the Archbifhop to correct thofe Paflagesina formal Prayer not con-
firmed by Law, when the Queen was one of that Religion.
Nothing inthisor any of the reft before, which tends tothe bring-
ing in of Popery, the prejudice of the true Proteftant Religion, or the
fupprefling of the Gofpel. Had his Defigns tending to the Advancing
of Popery, he neither would have took fuch pains to confute their Do-
ctrines, nor they have entertained fuch fecret practices to deftroy his
Perfon (of which more hereafter.) Had he directed his endeavours
to fupprefsthe P'-otefants, he would not have given fo much counte-
nance to Durya scot) who entertained him with fome hopes of work-
ing an Accord betwixt the Lutheran and Calvinian Churches. In
which Service, as he wafted a great deal of time to little pUrpofe^ lb
he received as much Encouragement from Canterbury, as he had rea-
fon to expect. Welcomat all times to his Table, and fpeaking ho-
nourably of him upon all occafions, till the times were changed 5 when
either finding the impoflibility of his Undertaking, or wanting a Sup-
ply of that Oyl which maintained his Lamp, he proved as true a Scot
as the reft of the Nation 5 laying the blame of hismifcarriage in it, on
the want of Encouragement , and fpeaking difgracefully of the man
which had given himmoft. Had he intended any prejudice to the 1
Reformed Religion, Reformed according to the Doctrine of Calviny
and the Gencvian Forms, both of Worhhtp and Government,he would
not have focordially advanced the General Collection for the palatine
Churches, or provided fo heartily for the Rochellers and their Reli-
gion i touching which laft, we find thisClaufe in a Prayer of his for
the Duke of Buckingham, when he went Commander of his Majefties
Forces for thelfleof Rhe, viz. Blefs my dear Lord the Duke, that is gone p^ry, p.14.
Admiral with them, that Wifdom may attend all his Counfls, and Cou'
rage and Succefs all his Enterprifes 5 That by his and their means thou
wilt be pleafed to bring Safety to this Kingdom, Strength and Comfort to
Religion, Victory and Reputation to our Country. Had he projected any
fuch thing as the fupprefling of the Golpel, he would not have (hewed
himfelf foinduftrious in preventing Socinianifm from poyfoning thofe
of riper years, in turning afternoon Sermons into Catechifing for the
inftruction of Children 5 in prohibiting all AlTemblies of Anabaptifts,
Familijis, and other se& dries , which oppofethe Common Principles of
394
The Life o/William
PART II. the Chriftian Faith. For that hisfilencing of the Arminian Contro-
A'am T>om, verfies, (hould be a means to iupprefs the Gofpel j or his favouring of
i 6 3 9. thofe Opinions, defigned for a back-door to bring in Popery, no wife
ix^v^o man can think. The Points in Controverfie between the Calvinijis
and Arminians, in the Reformed Churches of Calvin s Plat-form, are
■agitated no lefs fiercely by the Dominicans on the one fide, the Jefitits
^nd Francifans onthc other fide, in the Church of Romes the Calvi-
nijis holding with the Dominicans, as the Arminians do with the
Jefitit and Francifcan Friars. And therefore, why any fuch compli-
ance with the Dominicans (the principal Sticklers and Promoters in
the Inquifition") (hould not be looked on as a Backdoor to bring in
Vopery, as well as a Compliance in the fame Points with the other two
Orders, is beyond my reach. With which I Ihut up my Difcourfe
touching the Counfels and Defigns which were then on foot, and con-
clude this year.
t 6 4 o. ^he next Deg,ns witn 3 Parliament and Convocation 5 the one Af-
fembled on the thirteenth, the other on the fourteenth of April. In
Calling Parliaments, the King directs his Writs or Letters feverally to
the Peers and Prelates, requiring them to attend in Parliament to be
holden by the Advice of his Privy Council, at a certain Time and
Place appointed, aud there to give their Counfel in fome great and
weighty Affairs, touching himfelf, the fafety of the Realm, and the
defence of the Church of England: A Claufe being added in all thofe
to the feveral Biftiops, to give notice to all Deans and Archdeacons to
' attend the Parliament in their own Perfons, all Chapters by one
Proxie, and the Diocefan Clergy by two 5 for yielding their Confent
> and Obedience to fuch Laws and Ordinances as by the Common
Council of the Kingdom (hall be then Enacted : Which Claufe remains
ftill in thofe Letters, though not ftill in practice. Writs are fent out
alfotothe feveral Sheriffs, acquainting them with his Majefties pur-
pofe of confulting in a Parliamentary way with the Peers and Pre-
lates, and other Great Men of the Realm ("the Judges and Officers of
State, dv.) and then requiring them to caufe two Knights to be elect-
ed for every County, two Citizens for every City, or more Burgeffes
for every Burrough (according as the place is priviledged) in their
feveral Shires. All of them to attend in Parliament at the time ap-
pointed 5 no otherwife Impowred than the Deans, Archdeacons, and
the reft of the Clergy by their formal Writs. But in the calling of a
Convocation, the form is otherwife 5 for in this cafe the King directs his ^
Writs to the two Archbiftiops, requiring them for the great and
weighty Reafons above-mentioned, to caufe a Convocation of the
Clergy, to be forthwith called, leaving the nominating of the Time
and Place to their difcretion} though for the eafe of the Bifhops and
Clergy2 commanded to attend in Parliament, as before was faid, the
Archbifhop ufed to nominate fuch Time and Place as might mod fort
with that Attendance. On the receiving of which Writ, the Arch-
bifhop of Canterbury fends his Mandate to the Bifhop of London, as
Dean of the Epifcopal Colledge, requiring him to Cite and Summon all
the Biftjops, Deans, Archdeacons, and Capitular Bodies, with the whole
Clergy
Lord^ArchbiJhop of Canterbury.
Clergy of the Province, according to the ufual form, to appear be- LIB. IV.
fore him -at fuch place and time as he therein nominated ; and that the Anno Vom.
Procurators for the Chapter and Clergy be fumifhed with fufficient 1640.
powers by thofe that fent them, not only to treat upon fuch points as t-^V^*
iliouldbc propounded for the peace of the Church, and defence of the
Realm of England, and to give their Counfel in the fame, but alfo to
Y z) confentboth in their own names, and in the names of them that {z)Sedadcm-
lent them unto all fuch things as by mature deliberation, andconfent, 1e"tie"*"™dem
fhould be there ordained. Which Mandate being received by the Bi- "£ 'cTmmmid?-
ihop of London, he fends out his Citations to the feveral Bifhops of Meratione, ad
that Province, and they give intimation of it to the Clergy of their fe- h^kfil
vera! DioceiTes^ according whereunto the Chapters and Parochial mijjis contige-
Clergy do elect, their clerkj, binding themfelves ( b) under the for- ri^^nmditet
feiture of all their goods, movable, and immovable, to ftandto and (b) Subfyp-
perform whatfoever the faid Clerks (hall fay or do in their behalf, tbeca omnium
Both Bodies, being thus affembled, are to continue their attendance in *umt™lm°'obi-
the publick Service during the pleafure of the King 5 the Acis of Hum quam im-
both to be invalid till confirmed by his Majefty, the one moft com- mobtt,i,-m> &Co
monly by himfelf , fitting upon his Royal Throne in open Parlia-
ment: the other always by Letters Patents under the Great Seal,
neitherof the twotobe dillblved but by feveral Writs, That for the
Parliament directed to the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, (as the
cafe may vary) That for the Convocation iflued out to the Metropo-
litans of the feveral Provinces. to this, and this alone, they differ as
to matter of Form, that the Peers and People afTembled in Parliament
may treat, debate, and conclude of anything which is to betendred
totheKUng for his Royal AfTent without any other power than the
firftWrit, by vertue whereof they are affembled : But the Bifhops and
Clergy are reftrairred in their Convocation by the Statute of the 25
Henry viii. from treating, debating, forming, and concluding of any
Canons or Conftitutions, or doing arty Eccleliaftical Acts, tending to
the determination of Controverfies, or decreeing Ceremonies, till they
are licenfed thereunto by the Kings Commiffion. All which particu-
lars I have thought fit to touch at in this prefent place, becaufe we are
to relate unto them in thecourfeof our bufmefs.
At the opening of the Parliament the Sermon was' Preached before
his Majefty, the Peers and Prelates, by the Bifhop of Ely. The Ser-
mon being done, they paiTed intheaccuftomed State to the Parliament
Houfe: to which the Commons being called, his Majefty acquainted
them with the indignities and affronts, even to the taking up of Arms
againfthim, which he had fuffered from fome of his Subjects in Scot-
land, required their affiftance to reduce them to their due obedience,
advifingthemto go together for chufing their Speaker, and fo to pro-
ceed unto their bufmefs. But all they did in order to his Commands^,
Was the admitting of Glanvile, a right learned Lawyer, whom his Ma-
jefty had commended to them, to be the Speaker for their Houfe.
Their Grievances muft firft be heard, andthefafety of Religion pro-
vided for before the matter of fupply was to be confidered. This wan
enough to give an hint to the Archbifhop, that an enquiry would be
made
396 ThcLifeof W * % l i a
M
PART IT. madeintoall his Actions, to the difturbance of the Work which he
Anno Vom. had begun, and was in no fmall hope to perfect. For remedy vvbere-
1640. of he was refolved tomakeufe of a friend in the Houfe of Common?
i-<^V^-> for offering this motion to the reft, -viz. That a certain number of
that Houfe would join in Conference with as many of the Clergy af-
fembled in Convocation, touching all doubts and differences which
might happen to arifeamongft them in matters which concerned the'
Church. And this he did upon this reafon, .that if the. motion were
accepted, the Committee for the Clergy in Convocation, might give
fatisfa&ion to that of the Houfe of Commons in all fuch matters Do-
ctrinal, or points of Ceremony which fhould come before them : But
if the motion were rejected, he fbould then get the ftart in point of
Reputation amongft knowing men 5 the refuting of fo *fair an offer,
bearing witnefs for him that their Proceedings. were directed rather
by power and intereft, than by truth and reafon> But the rtiort life of
this Parliament made that Counfel ufelcfs. For the Commons do-
ing nothing which the King defired, and the King defiring nothing
more, than that they would fpeedily refolve one way or other, the
Lords agreed upon a Vote for defiring a Conference with the Com-
mons, the better to difpofe them to this point, that his Ma jetties fup-
ply fhould have precedency of the Subjects Grievances. This voted
by the Commons fora breach of their Priviledgcs, and the- Peers cen-
fured for it, as having been tranfported beyond their bounds. To
calm which heat his Majefty mad coffer for twelve Subfidjes, to relin-
quifh all his right to the Naval aidj of late called sk/p-wo»cy, .which
had been antiently enjo)tedby his Predeceflor$ : But the Propofition,
though it came but to three years purchafe, would not down amongft
them. Atlaftthey came unto a refblution of yielding fomewhat to-
ward his Majefties fupply 3 but in the grant thereof, blafted his Maje^
fties Expedition againft the Sects } whofeCaufe they refolved to make
their own, and received thanks from them for that favour in their
next Remonftrance. Which coming to his Majefties ears on Mnn~
day the fourth of May , he called his Council together on the next
Morning betimes, by whofe unanimous confent he diflblved the
Parliament. iSiirn
OnTuefday, April 14. the Convocation afl'embled irjfthe Chapter-
houfe of the Church of St. Pa/tl> from whence they waited ,0^1 his Grace
and the reft of the Bifhops, to hear the Sermon in the Qiiire. The
Sermon preacht by Turner. Residentiary of the Church- H is Text was
taken out of Mat, 10. 16. Behold I fend you forth as sheep in the midfl
oflf 'olves, which he followed home unto the Purpofe. In the clone
of the Sermon he had a pafiageiri thefe words, or to this effect, that
all the Bifhops held not the Reins of Church Difcipl'mp with, an
even hand, but that fome of them were too eafie and remifs in the
ordering thereof. Whereby though they fought to gain to them-
felves the popular plimfe of meeknefs and mijdnefs, *hey oecafionaliy
caft on other Bifhops (more ievere than themfelvcsj the uryuft
imputation of Rigour and Tyranny 5 and therefore he advifed them
withal, with equal ftriclnefs to urge an univerfal Conformity. The
Sermon
i
Lord Archbifhty of Canterbury.
Sermon ended, the Clergy fell to the electing of their Prolocutor (as L I B. IV,
before commanded) pitching unanimously on Dr. Richard Steward Anno Vom.
Clerk of his Majefties Clofet, and Dean of chichejicr to be prefented i 6 4 o.
the next day to the Archbiihop and the reft of the Prelates in the Chap- U^V^J
pel of King Henry vii. at IVeftminjier, to which the Synod was ad-
journed. The next day being come ( after a Proteftation made in
writing by the Sub-Dean and Prebendaries of that Church for not ac-
knowledging the Archbiihop of Canterbury, or the reft of the Biftiops,
to have any Jiinfdiclcion in that place, and the admitting of the fame
for good and valid) they were permitted to proceed in their Convo-
cation. The bufinefsof that day was the prefenting of the Prolocu-
tor by Sheldon, Warden of All-Souls, his Admiflion by the Archbiihop,
and Stewards unwilling readinefs to difcharge the Office 5 each of
them delivering their conceptions in Elegant Latine Speeches, as the
cuftom is , but the Archbifhops longer than both the reft. Which
Ceremonies being performed, his Grace produced a Commiffion under
the Great Seal, by which they were enabled (according to the faid
Statute of King Henry vii i.) to propofe, treat, confult, and agree up-
on the Exposition or Alteration of any Canon then in force, and up-
on fiich new Canons, Orders, and Conftitutions, as the faid Biftiops
.and Clergy (of which the Lord Archbiihop to be always one) ftiould
think fit, neceftary, and convenient tor the honour and fervice of Al-
mighty God, the good and quiet of the Church, and the better Go-
vernment thereof to be performed and kept by the faid Archbifhops,
Biftiops, and the reft of the Clergy in their feveral places 5 as allfoby
the Dean of the Arches, and by all others having Ecclefiaftical Jurif-
diftion in the Province of Canterbury, and by all other perfons within
this Realm, fo far as being Members of thisChurch they may be con-
cerned. Provided always that no fuch Canons, Orders and Confti-
tutions, fo to be confidered on as aforefaid, be contrary or repugnant
to the Liturgy eftab'lifned,ortheRubricksin it, or the 39 Artickles,
or any Doctrinal Orders, and Ceremonies of the Church of England,
already eftabtifhed 5 as alfo that nothing fhould be done in execution of
the fame, till being exhibited to his Majcfty in writing, to be allowed,
approved, confirmed, and ratified ^ or otherwife difallowed, annihi-
lated, and made void as he fhould think fit, requifite, and convenient:
and then to be allowed, approved, and confirmed by Letters Patents
under the Great Seal of England, Alfo the faid Commiffion to continue
andTemain in force during the prefent Seflion of Parliament, and toex-
pire together with it.
Forthe procuring of this Commiffion, as the Archbiftiop had good Bibl.Regia*
reafon, as well for countenancing and conforming his former Actings, p. 287. to
as for rectifying many other things which required reformation Co had 295,
his Majefty as good reafons for the granting of it, the grounds where'
of contained in his Comraiffioh of June 13. for confirming all theAfts
of this Convocation, are to this effect : cc He had been given to under-
<c ftand, that many of his Subjects being milled againft the Rites and
"Ceremonies then ufed in the Church of England, had taken of-
<c fence at the fame upon an unjuft fuppofal. That they Were not ouly
E e e con-
cc
cc
in igi !■ ■ i ~ — ■!»■» ■ i ■! ■ ■ w m i H - - ■ I i, .
598 The Life of W ^l iam
PART H. "contrary to Law , but alfo introdu&ive unto Popif) Super feitions ;
■Anm Ihm. Ci whereas it well appeared unto hirn upon mature deliberation, that
1 6 £0. :"the faid Rites and ceremonies; which were'then (b much quare''Ied
"at, were not only approved of, andufedby thofe godly and learned
cDivinesto whom3 at the time of the Reformation under .King gejf-
k- tvtrd vi. the compiling of the Book of Common-Prayer was com-
" mitted (divers of which fufTered Martyrdom in Queen Maries days)
c : but alfo again taken up by this whole Church under Queen Elizabeth.
C! '-Which Rites fo taken upD had been fo duly and ordinarily practiced for
C( -a great part of her Reign (within the memory of divers living) as that
'" it could not then be imagined, that there woidd need any Rule or Law
:fCC for the obfervation of the fame, nor that they could be thought to favaur
of Popery. He found too plainly, that fince thofe times, for want
"■of an exprefs Rule therein, and by the fubtle practices of fbmemen,
c;the (aid Rites and Ceremonies began to fall into difufe, and in place
'"thereof other Foreign and unfitting ufages by little and little to
creep in: But being he found withal that in the RoyalChappeh, and
in many other Churches rnoft of them had been ever conftantly ufed
:i andobferved, hisMajefty could not but be very fenfible of the in-
" convenience. And he had caufe alfo to conceive, that the Authors
"and Fomenters of thofe Jealoufies^ though they coloured the fame
"with a pretence of zeal, and did feemto ftrike only at fome fup-
" poled iniquity in the faid Ceremonies : yet aimed at his Royal Perfon,
" and would have his good Subjects think, that he himfelf was pervert-
ed, anddidworfhip God in a fuperftitious way, and that he did in-
stead to bring in fome alteration in the Religion here eitablifhed.
" From which how far he was, and how utterly he dctefted the very
t>. 294. c« thought thereof, he had by his many Declarations, and upon fun-
"dry other occasions, given fuch aflurance to the World, that no
"manof Wifdom and Difcretion could ever be fo beguiled as to give
" any feribus entertainment to fuch brainfick Jealoufies. And as for
"the weaker fort, who were prone to be milled by crafty feducers,
"be always aflured himfelf, that as many of them as had loyal, or but
"charitable hearts, would from thenceforth utterly banifh all fuch
"caufelefs fears and furmiies upon thofe his Sacred Profeflions fo often
"made, as a Defender of the Chriftian Faith, their King and Sove-
reign. He perceived in the next place, That the Ring-leaders of ma-
" ny well-minded people, did make the more advantage '(for the nou-
" rilhing of liich diftempersamongft them) becaufe the aforeiaid -Rites
<c and Ceremonies, or fome of them, were now infifted upon but only in
"fomeDiocefles, and were not generally received in all places, nor
"conftantly nor uniformly pra&ifed throughout all the Churches in
lbid>$v%$&* <cthe Kingdom 5 and thereupon have been liable to be quarrelled and
"oppofed by them who ufethem not. In imitation therefore of the
"pious Examples of King Edwardx'x. Queen Elizabeth, and King James
"of Blefled Memories, hethought it rnoft agreeable to his own Honor,
" and the good of his People, to Licence the Archbifhops, Bifhops,
"and the reft of the C/crgicm their feveral Convocations, to make
"fuch -further Orders, Ordinances, and Conftitutions, as fhould
be
LordzArvhbiJhoj) of Canterbury.
<f be found neceffary for the advancing of Gods Glory, the edifying of LI B. IV,
c* the Holy Church, and the due reverence of his Blefied Myireriesand Anno Dom~
?s Sacraments. And this he didtothisendandpurpofe, That as he had i 6 4.0.'
<e been ever carefuland ready "to cutoff superjiztion-with the one hand, v^V^i
<cfo he might alfo expel" Profanenefs and Irreverence with the other :
4:By means whereof it might pleafe Almighty God to blefsjiim, and
ccthis Church committed to his Government^ that it might at once re- 297*
" turn to the true former fplendour of Uniformity ^ Devotion^ and Holy
C£ Order'-,, the laft whereof, for many years laft: paft, had been much
cc obfcured by the devices of fome ill aftefted to it, where it had long
" flood from the very beginning of the Reformation, and through in-
* ff advertency of fome in Authority in the Church under him.
Such were the Motives which induced his Majefty to grant this Com-
mijfiqn^ which Was exceeding acceptable to the grea'ceft and belt affe-
cted part of the whole Ajjembly^as being an evident demonftratlon of
the truft and confidence which his Majejiy had repofed in them. In a
grateful acknowledgment whereof, for thefupport of his Majejlies Royal
Ejiate, and the effectual furtherance of his mofl Royal and Extraordinary
Deigns abroad^ they gave him fix Subsidies, after th€ rate of four fhil-
lingsm the pound, to be paid in the fix years then next following, by
two equal parts or moyeties in every year 5 appointing a Committeeto
pufcthe Grant into form, and make it ready for a Confirmation by A& of
Parliament.Rut thefirft thing in which they afted by th\sCommiJjion,was
the tendring of a Canon to them by the Archbifiop of Canterbury^ or fup-
pnjfing the further growth of Popery ', andreducingPdpifis to the Churchy
with Order to the Prolocutor and inferionr Cleigy3 to enlarge and per-
feci: it as to them feemed moft conducible to the end defired : But after-
ward considering how much it might redound to his eftimation^ that the
faid Canon Chould proceed intirely from himfelf alone, here calle-d the
Paper into his-pwn hands 3 and after fome time of deliberation,return-
edit back unto the Clergy in the very fame words in which it palled.
By which fo framed and enlarged, it was Ordained, That all and
every Perfbn or Perfons, of what Rank foever, having and exer-
cifing any Ecclefiaftical Jurifdi&ion, as alfo all Perfons entrufted with
'Cure of Souls, fhouldufe refpe&ively all poffible care and diligence,
by open Conferences with the Parties, and by Cenfures of the
Church in inferiour and higher Courts, as alfo be by Complaints unto
the Secular Power, to reduce all fuch to the Church of England^ who
were milled into Popijh Superftition. Thofe publick Conferences to
J)e managed by the Bifhop in perfon (if his Occafion will permit it ) »
or by fome one or more Learned Men of his efpecial appointment.
The time and place of fuch Conferences, with the Names of the Per-
fons to be admitted to the fame, to be of the Bifhops nomination.
Such Papifis as fefufe to appear at any of the faid Conferences to
be counted obftmate} and fuch Minifters as fhouldrefufetoacl: there-
in, without a reasonable Caufe approved by the Bifhop, to be Sufpen-
ded fojt fix Months : Provided, That the preappointed for the faid
<ponferences,be notdiftant above ten miles jrom their dwelling houfes :
That y\ fuch cafe Conferences produce not the effeft defired, all
•Eee 2 Eccje-
2j.oo The Life o/Willi am
PART II. Ecclefiaftical Perfons fhall then be careful to inform themfelvesof all
Amo ~Dom. ' Recufants, above the age of 1 2 years, in their feveral Parifhes, as well
1640. concerning their not coming to the Church, as their refortingto o-
L^-V^W ther places to hear Mafs $ of all fuch as be a&ive in feducing the Sub-
jects from coming to Church, and difTwading them from taking the
Oath of Allegiance'-) the Names of all fuch to be prefented, ttiat being
cited, and found obftinate, they might be publickly Excommunica- .
ted, as well in the Cathedral as their Parifh Churches. The like
courfeto be alfo taken by the Diocefans, in places of exempt Jurifdi-
ftion, and the Offenders to be turned over to the' High-Commijfion.
That the Names of all fuch as are prefented in any Inferiour Jurifdi-
dion, be tranfmitted within fix .Months to the Diocefans, by them to
be returned, together with the Names of fuch as have been prefented
in their own Vifitations, tohisMajefties Juftices of Aflize in their fe-
veral Circuits. Andthe fame courfeto be alfo taken in returning the
Names of all fuch perfons as have been either Married or Buried, or
have had their Children Chriftned in any other form, than according
to the Rules of the Church dt England to the intent they may bepii-
ni(hed according to the Statutes in that behalf. That Information
be given by allChurchwardens upon their Oaths, what perfous are
imployed as Schoolmafters in Recufants Houfes 5 to the end that if
they have not or will not fubfcribe, they may beforbidden and 4it-
charged from teaching Children any longer : And the Names of all
Perfons which entertain fuch Schoolmafters, to be certified at the next
Afiizes. Such Schoolmafters to incur the publick Cenfure of the
Church, as do not carefully inftruct the Children committed to them,
in the publick Catechifms andthe Names of fuch Parents, as either
thereupon (hall takeaway their faid Children, orotherwife fend them
to be educated beyond the Seas, to be prefented upon Oath at the
Vifitations, and certified alfo to the faid Juftices, as before is faid, that
the faid Parents may be puniftied according to the Law : The faid
Certificate to be prefented to the Judges by the Bifhops Regifters,
immediately on the Reading of the Commiflion, or at the end of the
Charge, upon pain of Sufpenfion for three Months from their feveral
Offices: The faid Judges and Juftices being entreatedand exhorted,
not to fail of putting the faid Laws in execution 5 and not to admit of
any vexatious. Suit or Suits, againft any Churchwardens, or other
fworn Officers, for doing their duty in this kind : That a significavit
be made in chanc ery by all the feveral Bifhops, of the Names of all
fuch perfons as have ftood Excommunicated beyond the time limited
by the Laws, defiring that the Writ De Excommunicato capiendo may
be iffued againft them ex Officio. And finally, That no perfbn or
perfons fubje&to the faid Writ, fhall be Abfolved by virtue of an Ap-
peal into any Ecclefiaftical Court, till they have firft taken in their
own perfons the ufual Oath De parendo juri0 & ftando mandatis EcJ
clcfai With a Petition to his Majefty, in the Name of the Synod,
to give command both to his Officers in Chancery, and the Sheriffs of
the feveral Counties, for fending out and executing the faid Writs
from time to time, without any Charge to the Diocefans (whofe
Eftates
Lord zArchbiJkopof Canterbury. 401
Eftates it would orhervvife much exhauft) as often as it fhould be de- L f B. IV.
fired of them. Such is the lubftance of this tdncn, in laying down AmoVomx
whereof I have been the more punctual and exact, that the equal and 1640.
judicious Reader may the better fee what point it was, which the^^V^-^
Archbifhop aimed at, from the firft beginning of his Power and Go-
vernm?nr, as before was noted. In the meantime, whilft this Canon
wTasu'ider a Review, another ready drawn was tendred to the Prolo-
cutor by the Clerk of H'ejiminjier, for the better keeping of the day
of his Majefties moft happpy Inauguration : Bynvhich it was decreed,
according to the Example of the moft pious Emperours of the Primi-
tive Times, and ©ur own moft Godly Kings and Princes fince the Re-
Formation, and the- Form of Prayer already made, and by his Maje-
fties Authority Appointed to be ufed on the faid days of Inauguration,
Th.it all 'manner of perfons rvithin the. Church of England, f.wuJd from
thenceforth celebrate and keep the morning of the faid day, in coming di~
hgCHtiy and reverently unto their Par if) Church 'or Ckappel at the time of
Prayer, and there, continue all the whil$ that the Prayers, Preaching, or
other Service of the day endureth : That for the better offerving of the
faid day, two of the JaidBockj Jlwuld, be provided at the Charge of each
fever a! Parifl), by theCbttrchreardens of the flwie'-y with an Injunction to
all Brfops, Archdeacons, and other Ordinaries, to inquire into the premi*
jes as their Violations, and punifl) fuch as are delinquent, as in cafe of fuch
as abfent themfelves onthe other Holy days.
Another Canon was brought in againft Socinianifm,by the fpreading
of which damnable and curfed Herefle, much mifchief had already
been done in the Church : For the fuppreffing whereof, it was or-
dained •by the Synod ("after fome explication and correction of the
words and phrales,) ccThat no Stationer, Printer, or other perfon,
"fhould print, buy, fell, or difperfe any Book, broaching or main-
staining the faid Abominabre Doctrine or Pofitions, upon pain of Ex-
" communication ipfoft&o, and of being proceeded againft by his
" Majefties Atturney-General, on a Certificate thereof to be return-
" ed by the feveral Ordinaries to their Metropolitan, according to
" the late Decree of Star-Chamber againft Sellers of prohibited Books fj
" That no Preacher (hould prefumeto vent any fuch Doctrine in any
tc Sermon, under pain of Excommunication for the firft Offence, and
xC Deprivation for the fecond : That no Student in either of the Uni-
xc verfities, nor any perfon in Holy Orders, excepting Graduates in
" Divinity, or fuch as have Epifcopal or Archidiaconal Jurifdiction,
c< or Doctors of Law in Holy Orders, (hall be fufFered to have or read
"any Sccinian Book or Difcourfe, under pain (if the Offender live
c<,in thellniverfity) that he (hall be punifhed according to the ftrict-
" eft Statutes provided there againft the publishing, reading, and
" maintaining of falfe Doctrines 5 or if he lived in the City or Country
"abroad, of a Sufpenfionforthe firft Offence, Excommunication for
<cthe fecond, and Deprivation for the third, unlefs he fhould abfo-
"lutelv and tn ttrmmis abjure the fame* That if any Lay-perfon
<c fhould be feduced unto that Opinion, and be convicted of it, he
"fhould
402 The Life of William
PART II. cc fbould be Excommunicated, and not Abfolved but upon due Re-
Anno Dm- c: pentance and Abjuration, and that before his Metropolitan^ or his
1604. c: ov/n Bifhop at leaft : With feveral Claules for feizing and burning
\^"V"^J all fijch Books as mould be found in any other hands thanthofe before
limited and exprefled. Which leverecourfe being taken by theCV#-
vocatiov, makes it a matter of no fmall wonder. That Cheynell the
Ufufructuary of the rich Parfonage of Petworth, mould impute the Rife
and Growth of socinianifm, in a Pamphlet not long after Printed, un-
to m any of thofe who bad been principal Actors in fuppreffing of thofe
Wicked and deteftable Herefies. Another Canon was prefented to the
Presenter, by one of the 'Members of that Body, a/lvancedthe next
y^ar to a higher Dignity', for Reftraint cfi Sectaries : By which it was
decreed, c: That all thofe Proceedings and Penalties which are men-
tioned in the Cans ft a ga i n it popiJJj Reci/fants, fo far forth as may be
c:appliab!e, fhould be in full force and vigour againft all Anabaptijh,
"BroTcnijh- SeperatiftsyFawiltJls, or other Sed or Sects, Perfon or
"Perfons whatsoever, who do or fhall either obftinately refufe : or
ecordinarily,not having a lawful impediment ("that is, for the fpaceof
cc a Month) neglect to repair to their parilh Churches or Chappels
n where tkey inhabit, for the hearing of Divine Service eftablifhed,
cc and receiving of the Holy Communion according to Law, That
cc the Claufe in the former Cavon agamft Books of Socinianifm, mould
cc alfo extend to the Makers,Importers,Printers,and Publifhersor Dif-
ccperfers of any Book, Writing, or Scandalous Pamphlet, devifeda-
c;gainft the Difcipline .and Government of the Church of England 5
" and unto the Maintainers and Abettors of any Opinion of Doctrine
ccagainft the fame. And finally. That all defprfers and depravers of
c: the Book of Common-Prayer, who reforted not according to Law
c< totheir Church or Chappel, to joyn in the Publick Worfhip of God
*ccinthe Congregation, contenting themfelves with the hearing of
'cc Sermons only, mould be carefully inquired after, and prefented to
"their feveral arid refpeftive Ordinaries 3 The fame Proceedings and
cc Penalties mentioned in the aforefaid Canons j.o be ufed againft them,
c; unlefs with one whole Month after they are firft Denounced, they
• « (hall make acknowledgment and Reformation of their fault.
So far the Bifhops and Clergy had proceeded in the Work recom-
mended to them, when the Parliament was moft unhappily Diflblved :
And poffibly the Convocation had expired the next day alio, accord-
ing to the ufualcuftom, if oneof the Clergy had not made the Arch-
bifliop acquainted with a Precedent in Queen Elizabeths Time, for
the granting a Subfidy or Benevolence by Convocation, to be Taxed
and Levied by Synodic al Acts and Confiitutionsj without help of the
Parliament 5 directing to the Records of Convocation where it was to *
be found. Whereupon the Convocation was Adjourned from Wed'
vcf'ltj, till the Friday following^ and then till the next day after, and
fo till Monday % to the great amazement of many of the Members of it,
who expected to have been Diflblved when the Parliament .was, ac-
cording to that claufe in the Commiflion aforefaid, by which it was
retrained to the Time of the Parliament only. Much pains, was taken
Lord Archbi/hop, of Canterbury. 405
_ m - i-n »
"by fomeof the Company, who had been ftudied in the Records of ] iy.
Convocation 3 in (hewing the difference betwixt the Writ for calling a ^m-iVom.
Parliament, and that for aflembling a Convocation'-) their different, [640.
Forms, and the independence of the one upon the other : but more U^V^J
especially betwixt the Writ by which they were made a Convocation,
and that Commijfion by which they were enabled to the making of
Canons s That though the Commijjton was expired with the Parlia-
mei it, yet the Writ continued ftill in force } and by that Writ they
were to remain a Convocation ; until they were diflblved by another.
With which Diftinftion, the greateft part of thofe who before had
fcrupledat their Sitting, did appear well fatisfied \ but better fatisfied
on the Munday, by a Paper which was fent unto them from the Court.
For the Ring being made acquainted with thefe fcrupulofities, pro-
pofed the queftionon Sunday May 10. to the greateft Lawyers then
about him, who gave their Judgment in theft words, viz. The Convo-
cation called by the Kings Writ 0 is to be continued till it be dijjolved by
the Kings Wrrit> notwithjianding the Dijfolution of the Parliament. Sub-
lcribedby Finch Lord Keeper, Manchejler Lord Privy Seal, Littleton
Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, Banckj Attorney-General, Whit-
field and Heath two'of his Majefties Counfel Learned in the- Laws of
this Land. Incouraged with which afl'urance, and Animated by a
New Commiffion to remain in Force during the Pleafure of the Ring,
they fetledto their wotk again on Wednefday the thirteenth of that
Month, but not without fome trouble of mind in regard of the Appa- .
rent Danger which feemed to threaten them. The Archbifbops houfe
at Lambeth had been affaulted on Munday by a Rabble of ~ Anabaptifts,
Brownifts, and other Sectaries, to the number of five hundred .and up-
wards, who feeing they could not force that houfe refolvedto turn
their fury onthe Convocation, Of which his Majefty being Informed,
he caufed a guard to be fet about them confiding of fome Companies
of the Trained Bands of the County of Middlefix uuder the Com-
mand of Endymion Porter, one of the Grooms of the Bed-chamber 3
an honeft man, and of good affections to the Church and his Ma jefties
Service. To fuch extremities were the poor Clergy brought during
rhefe confufions 5 in danger of the Rings difpleafure if they Rofe, of
the Peoples fury if they Sate$ in danger, of being beaten up by tu-
mults, when they were* at their work, of being beaten down by the
bliowing Parliament, when their work was done. But they went
forward howfoever to the end of their journey,, and did the bulinefs
as they went, difpatching more work in folhort a time then could be
cafily imagined.
Three things there were which Canterbury was to take fpecial Care of
in reference to the Publick peace of the Church and State 5 That is. to .
fay, the Reparation of the breaches madein the Regal, and Epifcopal
Power by. the late batteries of the Scots, and their adherents, on the
'commending of the Uniformity to all parts of the Kingdom, which
had been happily begun in fo many places. In reference to the. ftrft?
fome propositions touching the inftitution, Power and Priviledges of.
Sovereign Princes, were recommended to the consideration of ,the
Pre-
4°4
PART II. Prolocutor and the Reft of the Clergy, by them to be corrected if
Amo- Xfom. tnev fflW occafon '*> and being fo corrected to pafs into a Canon, The
1640. Propositions fix in number, and were thefe that follow.
I. The moft High, and Sacred Order of Kings is of Divine R?ght. be-
ing the Ordinance of God hi mfelf, founded in the prime Laws of Nature,
and clearly eftablifjed by Exprefs Texts, both of the Old and the New Tc-
jltments. A Supream Tower is given to this tnoft Excellent Order by God
hiwfelf in the Scriptures, which is, That Kings Jhould Rule, and Com-
mand in their feveral Dominions, all Perjbns of what Rank^ or Eftate
tvhatfoever, whether Ecclefiaftical or Civil, and that they pould Reftrain
and Punijl) with the Temporal Sword all Stubborn and wicked doers.
\\. ■The care of Gods Church is fo committed to Kings in Scripture, that
they are commanded when the Church \eeps the Right way, and taxed
when^it Runs Amifs and therefore her Government belongs in Chief unto
Kings: For otherwife one man would be commended for another s care,
and taxed but for another s negligence, which is not Gods way.
III. The Power to Call and Diffolve Councils both National and Provin-
cial, is the true Right of all Chriftian Kings within their own Realms, and
Territories. And when in the fir ft time of chrifts Church, Prelates ufed
this Power, 'twas therefore only becaufi in thofe days they had no Chri-
flian Kings, And it was then fo only ufed as in time of perfecution, that is,
with fuppoQtion (in cafe it were required) offubmitting their very lives,
■ unto the very Laws and Commands, even of thofe Pagan Princes, that they
might not fo much as feem-to difturb their Civil Government, which Chrili
.came to confirm but by no means to undermine. .
IV. For anyPerfon or Perfons to fetup, maintain or avow in any the
fiid Realms, or T trritories Refpeffively, under any pretext whatfocver
any Independent Co-active Power, either Papal or Popular (whether di-
rectly or indirectly) is to undermine their Great Royal Office^ and cun-
ningly to overthrow the Moft Sacred Ordinances which God himfdf hath
eftablifhed: And fo it is Treafbnable againfl God as well as again ft the
King. /
V. For Subjects to bear Arms againfl their Kings, Offenfive or De-
fensive upon any pretence whatfoever, is atleaU to Refift the rowers which
are ordained by God. And though they do not invade but only Refift, St.
Paul tells them plainly, They (hall receive to themfelves damnation.
VI. And although Tribute, and Cuftom, and Aid, and Subfidies, and
all Manner of neceffar-y Support, and Supply, be respectively due to Kings
from their SubjeUs by the Law of God, Nature, and Nations for the Pub-
lick^ Defence, care and Protection of them : yet neverthelefs Subjects have
hot only poffeffion of, but a true and Juft Right, Title, and Propriety, to,
. and in, all their Goods, and Fftates, and ought for to have : And thefe two
are fo far from crojjing one another, that they mutually go together, for
the Honourable and Comfortable fupportof both. For as it is the duty of
Subject's to fupply their King, fo is it part of the Kingly office to fupport
his Subjects, in the Propriety and Freedom of their Fftates.
Jj&faa^Ii viiS baft ts^.oH&oiiMiiUti' tuJ ^i;r"wx» << " * *;,c^^||Fcl J
Thefe Proportions being Read and Confidered of, were generally
pair
Lord Arcbbifloop of Canterbury
£aft i.id approved without contradiction, but that a little (top was LIB. IV*
m; le to iching the Neceflityof Aid andSubfidy to Kings from their Amo Vom.
Subje&s which ibme thoughtfitter to leave at large according to the. 164
Lawsof leveral Countries then to entitle it to the Law of God, Na- v^*V^feJ
ture and Nations: but after a very light difpute that claufe was' alf
lowed of with the Reft, and a Canon prefently drawn up by a ready
hand, according to the Vote of the Houfe to make them Obligatory
to the Clergy in thecourfe of their Minifrries. The preamble which
was fent with the Propositions, required them to be read diftin&ly
and audibly by every Parfon, Vicar, Curate, or Preacher upon fome
one Sunday in every Quarter of the year at Morning Prayer. And
it was added by the Canons that if any Parfon, Vicar, Curate3 or
Preacher, mould Voluntarily orcarelelly neglect his duty in publifh-
ingthe faid Explications and Conclusions according to the Order a-
boveprefcribed, he fhould be fufpended by his Ordinary till his Re-
formation \ That all Bifhops, Priefts and Minifters, fhould Teach,
Preach, and Exhort their People to Obey, Honour, and Serve their
King 5 and that they prefume riot to fpeak of his Majefties Power, any
other way then in the Canon isexprefTed^ with reference to Excom--
munication, and a Sufpenfion of two years for the firft Offence, and
Deprivation for the fecond, to be inflicted by his Majefties Commifli-
oners for Caufes Ecclefiaftical upon all Perfons whatfbever which in
any Sermon, Lecture, Determination or Difputation mould maintain
any point of Doctrine, contrary to the faid Proportions, and Ex-
plications.
In reference to the prefervation of the Epifcopal power, an Oath
was drawn up in the Upper, and fent down to the Lower Houfe of
Convocation, by them to be debated, approved, and ratified upon
Approbations Which Oath was required to be taken by all Archbi-
fliops, Bifhops, Priefts, and Deacons, before the fecond day of Novem-
ber then next following to be tendered in the pretence of a publick
Notary, to all Priefts and Deacons by the Bifhop in perfon, or his
Chancellor or fome grave Divines named and appointed by the Bi-
flbop under his Epifcopal Seat. In the firft words of the Oath as it
came from the Lords, it was expreffed in tjiefe words, that every man
fhould Swear to the Doffirine and Difcipline ejlablifoed in the church of
England. And this occaliOned fome difpiite, concerning the extent
of the word Difcipline, whither it comprehended the Epifcopal Go-
vernment, and the publick Forms of Divine Worfhipi or was to be
reftrained only to the ufe of the Keys, as it was practiced in Ecclefiafti-
cal Courts. Some would have had the words run thus, I. A. B. do
fteear that I approve the DoUrines^ Difcipline^ or Government efta-
blifkeds &c. But againft this it was objected, Firft, That the Govern-
ment of the Church was fufficiently provided for by the following
claufe, in which there was an efpicial Enumeration of all Offices im-
powred in the Government of the Church 5 and it was incongruous
to make that Difcipline and Government to be the fame, and that Go-
vernment fhould be faid to contain all things, or any thing which was
neceffary to Salvation. And they that thus objected, wOuld have
F ff had
The Life o/William
pART II. haditpafs inthefe words, viz,. I approve the Doclrine? Difcipline? and
AnnoVom. F orms of Worfip eftablified in the Church of England, as containing all
1640. things necejfary ttnto Salvation. Which though it Teemed, more plan-
i-^V-^ fibleand intelligible then the other was 5 yet being put un«-othe vote,
it was carried for Difcipline or Government , under pretence of not
cloggingthe Oath with things unnecefTary and fuch as might be made
capable of a variation. According to which Vote the Canon was
drawn up with this title, viz. An Oath enjoyned for the preventing of all
Innovations in Doclrine andGovernment 3 and the Oath it felf injoyned
in this form following, that is to fay, I. A.B. Do fwear that I do Ap-
prove the Doctrine and Difcipline or Government eftablified in the Church
cf England 5 as containing all things necejfary to falvation. And that I
will not endeavour by my felf or any other direUly or indirectly? to bring
in any Top if J Doclrine? contrary to that which is fo eftabliflied. Nor will
lever give my confent to alter the Government of this Church? by Archb'f
fops , Bifops? Deans 0 and Archdeacons &c. As itftands noweftablifed?
and as by Right it ought to ft and *, nor yet ever to fubjecl it to the ufitrpa-
tions and Superftitions of the See of Rome. And all theft things I do
plainly and ftricujly acknowledge? and fwear? according to the plain and
Common fenfe and underftandrngof the fame words? without any Fnnivo-
cation; or mental evaji 'on? cr ftcret reftrvation whatftever. And this I
do heartily? willingly? and truly upon the faith of a Chriftian. So help me
God in Jefus Chrift.
The Oath being paft, the Canon was drawn up by the former hand
according to fuch Inftru&ions as were fent along with it. By which
it was required that all Matters of Art, ("the Sons of Noblemen onlv
excepted) all Bachelors or Doctors in Divinity, Law or Phylick, all
that are licenfed to practice Phyfick, all Regifters Actuaries, and
Proctors, all Scbool-mafters, all fuch as being Natives or Naturalized,
do come to be incorporated into the Univerfities here, having taken
any Degree in any Foreign Univerfity fhould be bound to take the
faid Oath 5 the fame Oath to be Adminiftred to all fuch of the perfons
abovenamed refidingin any Univerfity, by the Governoursof their
feveral Houfes, and by tbeBifhop Respectively, to all which (hould
From thenceforth be admitted to holy Orders? or receive any Infrituti-
on, Collation, or Licenfe for the lerving of any cure : with feveral
Penalties to all Beneficed Parfons, and all fuch as were then in any
Ecclefiaftical dignity, for their refufal of the fame; that is to fay, a
fufpenfion ab officio for the firft Refufal, a bcneftcio & officio? for the
fecond, and Deprivation for the third, a Months deliberation being
granted betwixt each Refufal.
Thefe two great matters being thus concluded, A mefTage is deli-
vered by the Prolocutor from the houfe of Bifhops, by which the
Clergy weredefiredtoconfiderof thebeft expedient for inducing an
Uniformity in the Church about the fituationof the Lords Table, the
Receiving of the blefTed Sacrament, and the due Pvevcrflnaitobe ufed
in the houfe of God, and to prepare a Canon to that purpofeif they
fbund it neceflary. On the Receiving of which meflage a grand
Committee was felecledoutof the Ableft men of the Houfe, to take
that
\jsri tArchbiJhof of Canterbury. 4° 7-
eat and weighty bufinefs into confideration, and to Report LIB. IV.
u the Houfe whatfoever they (hould do therein, that it might Anno Vom,
p.T or be reje&ed as the Houfe thought fit. The Committee con- 164 o.
fifted of twenty feven, the Prolocutor being reckoned into the num- ^^V^*
ber tn . tr meeting to be heldthe fame afternoon in the Chappel of
King Henry 7. Where being met, and fitting about the table pro-
vided for the ufeof the Brthops, the points were ferioufly debated,
every man fpeaking his opinion in them when it came to his turn
without interruption, beginning with the Prolocutor, and fa pro-
ceeding from man to man till it concluded with the Clerk for the
Church of Wejiminfter '■> So placed of purpofe that he might anfwer
all fuch arguments3 as had been brought againft any of the points
propofed, and Were nOt anfwered to his hand. The Prolocutor
having taken the fum of every mans Judgment, declared that the far
Major part had appeared for placing the Lords Table where the Altar
ftood, the drawing near unto it to receive the Sacrament, and the
making of due Reverences at theentring into the Church and going
out of it 5 and thereupon put it tothequeftion, whether they thought
it convenient that a Canon fhould be prepared to that purpofe or
not? Which being carried in the affirmative, without any vifible
diflent, one of the Clerks for the Diocefs of Brijiol prefented a Canon
ready drawn for the fame effecl:, but drawn in filch a commanding,
and imperious Style, that it wasdifliked by all the company but him-
felf 5 and thereupon a Sub-committee was appointed to prepare the
Canon, and make it ready with as much difpatchas they could con-
veniently. Which was no fooner agreed on, and the Committee
continued for fome following bufineft 3 but the Archdeacon of Hunt-
ington who was one of the number, made hisfirft appearance, fo ex-
treamly dilcontentedthat he was not ftayed for, and that the bufinefs
was concluded before he came, and earneftly prefling the Prolocutor,
that the debate might be Refumed,or at the leaft his Reafons might be
heard again ft the Vote : which when the Prolocutor upon very good
Reafons had refufed to yield to, he fell upon him with fuch heats, and
ufed him fo exceeding courflys that on complaint made thereof and
of fome other intervening harlhnefs, made by the Prolocutor in a full
Houfe of the Clergy, he was ordered by the far Major part to quit the
Houfe, though afterwards Reftored again on the acknowledgment
of his Errour, when his heats were down. Which Rub removed, the
Canon went very fmoothly on without oppofition, commended Gene-
rally for the Modefty and Temper of its in which Refpecl: I hold it
worthy to be prefented to the Reader in its full proportion, without"
any Abbreviation of it as of thofe before.
Fff 1 ADecIa-
408
The Life o/William
PAFvT II.
AnnoVonu .
1640.
Can* 7*
A Declaration concerning fome Rites and Ceremonies.
BEcaufe it is generally to be wifeed, that Vniiy of Faith were accom*
famed with Uniformity of pr aft ice in the outward Worffjip and Ser-
vice of God'-, chiefly for the avoiding the grmndlefs fifpition of thofe who
are wcak^, and the malicious Afperftons of * the prof effed enemies of our Re-
ligion 5 the one, fearing Innovations 5 the other, flattering themfelves with
a vain hope of our backcfliding unto their Topife Super feition by reafon of
the fituation of the Com mum on- Table, and the approaches thereunto, the
Synod declareth as followeth : . That the Jianding of the Communion-Ta-
ble fide-way under the Eaji Window of every Chancel or Chappel, is in its
own nature indifferent, neither commanded nor condemned by the Word
of God, either expre fly, or by immediate deduction? and therefore that no
Religion is to be placed therein, or fcruple to be made thereon. And albeit
at the time of reforming this Church from the grofs fuperflition of Popery,
it was carefully provided, that all means fi.wuld be ufed to root out of the
Minds of the People both the inclination thereunto, and memory thereof \
efpeciallj of the idolatry committed in the Mafs, for which caufe allPopijh
Altars were dcmolifeed : yet notwithflanding it was then ordered by tht
Injunctions and Advertifcments of Queen Elizabeth, of bXeffed memory,
that Hie holy Table flwnld fiandin that place where the Altar flood, and
accordingly have been continued in the Royal Chappcls of three famous
andpJous princes, and in mojl Cathedral, and fome Parochial Churches^
which doth fufficiently acquit the manner of placing the faid Tables from
any illegality or juji fufpition of Popifh Superfiition or Innovation. A#${
therefore We fudge it fit and convenient that all Churches and Chappels
do. conform themfelves in this particular to the example of the Cathedral
or mother Churches, faving always the general liberty left to the Bifljop by
Law during the time of the Admin iflration of the holy Communion. And
We declare, that this fituation of the holy Table, doth not imply that it is
or ought to be ejieemed a true and proper Altar, whereon Chriji is again re-
ally facrificea: But it is and may be called an Altar by us, in that fen fc
which the Primitive church called it an Altar, and no other.
And becaufe experience hath fliewcdus, how irreverent the behaviour of
many people is in many places, fome leaning,others cafling their hats^ And
feme fitting upon, fome landing at, and others fitting under the Commu-
nion-Table in the time of Divine Service : For the avoiding of thefe and
the like abufes, it is thought meet and convenient by this pre fent Synod,
that the fiid Communion-Table in all Churches or Chappels be- decently fe-
vered with Rails to prefer vc them from fetch or worfee propha.nations.
And be caufe the Adminiferation of ^ holy things is to be performed wit h
all pojfiblc decency and reverence, therefore we fudge it fit and conve-
nient, according to the word of the Service-Boo\, efeablifbed by Ac7 of
Parliament, Draw near, &c. that all communicants with an humble
reverence fhall draw near and approach to the holy Table, there to, receive
the divine myfeeries, which have heretofore in feme places been unfitly car-
ried up and down by the Minifeer, unlefs it fiwuldbe other wife appoint-
ed in refeped of the incapacity of the place, or other inconvenience, By the
hifljop
4°9
Bijhop himfilf in his Jurifditfion, and other Ordinaries r effectively in L I B. IV.
/ heirs. Anno Vom.
And lafily, whereas the Church is the Houfe of God, dedicated to his 1640.
holy Worflnp, and therefore ought to mind hs both of ' thegreatnefs and good- C^V"^**
nefs of his divine ^Majeliy 3 certain it is, that the acknowledgment there-
of, not only inwardly in our hearts, hut alfo outwardly with our bodies^
mufi needs be pious in it felf profitable unto us, and edifying unto others*
We therefore think it very meet and behovefid, & heartily commend it to all
good and well- aff Bed people, Members of this Church, that they be ready to
tender unto the Lord the faid acknowledgment, by doing reverence and
obeyfatice both at their coming in and going out of the faid Churches, chan-
cels, or Chappels, according to the most antient cujiom of the Primitive
Church in the pureji times, and of this Church alfo for many years of the
Reign of ^Eliz. The receiving thereof of this antient and laudable Cujiom
we heartily commendtothe ferious condderation of all good People, not with
any intention to exhibit any Religious Worflnp to the Communion-Table,
the Eaji, or Church, or any thing therein contained, in Co doing 5 or toper-
form the /aid Gefinre in the Celebration oj the holy Eitcharijl, upon any
opinion of the Corporal prefence of the Body of Chrijl on the holy Table, or
in the wyjtical Elements : hut only for the advancement of Gods Majejiy,
and to give him alone that honour and glory that is due unto him, and na
otherwife. And in the practice or omijfion of this Rite we deflre that the
Rule of Charity, prefer ibed by the Apojile, may be obferved, which is, That
they which ufe this Rite, defpife not them who ufe it not 3 and that they
who ufe it not, condemn not thofe that ufe it.
No fooner was this Declaration palTed, and fenjt up to the Lords,
but on the fame day, or the next, an Addrefs was made to the Prolo-
cutor by the Clerk for Weftminfter concerning the confufion which
hapned in mod parts of the Church for want of one uniform body of
Articles to be ufed in Vifitations} thofe of the Bifhop many times
thwartingthe Archdeacons : one Bilhops differing from anothers, the
Succeflbrs from his Predeceflbrs 'y and the fame perfon not coniiftent
to the fame Articles which himfelf had publifhed. By means whereof
the people were much difturbed, the Rules of the Church contemned
for their multiplicity, unknown by reafon of their uncertainty, and
defpifedfor the inconllancy of them that made them. . Of all which
he defired the Convocation to provide a remedy, by fettmg out one
Uniform Book of Articles to be the (landing Rule of all Vifitations*
for the time to come. The motion plea fed the Prolocutor, and the
reft of the Clergy, who thereupon defired him (in purfuit of his own
project) to undertake the compilingof the faid Book of Articles, and
to prefent it to the Houfe with convenient fpeed. Which notwith-
ftanding, there wanted not fome fecret practices to illude the moti-
on, and fruftratethe defign, approved of by the general Vote. Some
who obferved the moderation of the Articles which had been drawn
for the Metronolitical Vifitation, and finding them to leave a greater
liberty about placing the Communion-Table, and the order of officia-
ting the Divine Service, than the new Articles mightallow of, addreft
them-
Jgf 6 The Life ofWiLLiAM
v ir themfelves unto his Grace, defiring thatthofe Articles might be com-
r_; rm. mended to the Convocation, to beaftanding Rule for all Vifitations
< 4. in the times fucceedingo which Propofition was thought to relifh well
<?p\r^J enough with him at the firft propofal, though afterwards on further
confederation he fuffered the bufinefs to proceed in the former courfe.
It was not long before another Cation was tendred to the Prolocutor
for advancing a more general Conformity than that which was con-
tained in the Declaration. And it was tendred by the fame hand
which had before prefented that againft Sectaries 5 in reference to whom
Can. Q. it palled without oppofition or alteration. ec It was enjoyned by that
" Canon under pain of fufpenfion, that all Preachers, as well bene-
"ficedmen as others, fhould pofitively and plainly Preach andinftruct.
"the People in their publick Sermons that the Rites and Ceremonies
c:inthe Church of England were lawful and commendable and that
"the People ought not only to conform themfelves to thofe Rites
a arid Ceremonies : but chearfully to fubmit themfelves unto the Go-,
"vernment of the Church, as it was then eftablifted under his Maje-
fty. Another was brought in, but by whom I know not, " Concerning
"the Convention of the clcrgie0 by which it was defired in compliance
"to the ancient Canons of the Church, and in particular to Canon
"74, 75. of the year 1603. That all Clergymenin thisChurch, fet-
Can. lOi "tirig before their eyes the glory of God, the holinefs of their Calling,
" and the edification of the People committed to them, fhould care-
" fully avoid all excefs and diforders, that by their Chriftian and
<c Religious Converfati on they might fhine forth, as lights unto others,
"inallgodlinefs and honefty 5 and that all thofe to whom the Go-
"vernment of the Church was committed fhould fet themfelves to
"countenance and encourage Godlinefs, Gravity, Sobriety, and all
" unblamable Converfation in the Minifters of it 5 and diligently la-
C5bourby the due execution of the Canons aforefaid, and all other
"Ecclefiaftical Provisions made for that end, to reform all orTenfive
"and fcandalousperfons which were in the Miniftry. Which Canon
was lb well approved of, that it paft without any flop or refinance.
AH matters going thus calmly on, the Clergy began to take into
confederation the great exceiTes, and abufes, which were complained
of in many Offices of Ecclefiaftical Courts. They found the Exorbi-
tances of the Chancellors to be grown fb great, that they contemned
the lower Clergy, and thought themfelves independent of the Biftiops*
'under whom they ferved. They found that many abufes had been
committed in the Sentences of Excommunication and Abfolution,
(the llovenly executing whereof had been very orTenfive) as alfo in
Commutation of Penance, and conniving at unlawful Marriages, out
of which fome Officers in thofe Courts raifed no fmall advantage 5
Complaint was alfo made of fome oppreHions which had been laid up-
on the Subject, by concurrent Jurisdictions partly, and partly by
vexatious Citations,in which nothing was more aimed at, than the Offi-
cers Fees which muft be paid, though nothing could be proved againft
the Party when he came before them. The confederation and redrefs
of all which grievances being referred to the Committee of twenty fix,
the
Lord *A rchlnjhop of Canterbury. 411
the faid Committee was dented by the Prolocutor to hold their meet- L I B. I V.
ings in his houfe, fituate under the North-fide of the Abbey-Church, AnnoVom.
a.i.l therefore moft convenient both for himfelf and them. The 1640.
Grievances were great, and yet not greater than the Clamour which i.*?*V"sk«*
was raifed about them, which made the Committee very intent upon
the ftilling of the noife $ by providing better for themfelves, their
Brethren, and the reft of the Subjects : but not without all due refpect
to the Profeflors in that honourable Faculty of the Civil Laws. Lamb
Dean of the Arches, and Heath Judge of the Audience^ being both
Members of the Convocation, were taken into that Committee 3 not
only to aftitt their Confutations in point of Law: but to moderate
the fervor of their Proceedings by the Fan of Reafon. The whole
Reformation brought within the compafs of thefe feven Canons :
1. ConcemmgChancellors TatentJ. 2. chancellors not alone to cenfure
any of the Clergiein fitndry cafes- 3. Excommaniation and Abfolution
not to be pronounced butiby a P RLE ST. 4. Concerning Commutations^
and the difpo'ng of them. 5. Touching current Jurifdid ions. 6. Concern-
ing Li cenfes to marry. 7. Againf vex itious Citations.
In the firft of the feven it was required, "That no Bifhop fhould
"grant any Patent to any Chancellor, Commillary, or Official- for
cc any longer time than the life of the Grantee only 5 That in all fuch r
" Patents the Bifhops fhould referve to themfelves and their Succeflbrs afUIli
"the power of giving inftitution to Benefices, of giving Licenfes
"to teach School or Preach, as alfo of exercifing their Jurifdidtion,
" either alone, or with the Chancellor, at his own diteretion, all the
c: accuftomed Fees to bereferved unto the Chancellor, &c. as infor-
"mer times} That no Dean and Chapter fhould confirm any Patent to
" any Chancellor, &c. wherein the faid conditions were not expreft,
cc under pain of Sufpenfion to be inflicted on them feverally by their . h
"Metropolitan'-) And finally. That under the heavieft Ccnfures no re-
" ward fhould be taken for any oftheOffices and Places abovemen-
"tiooed. In the compofure of which Canon, as the firft branch was
made to cut off Reversions, fowas thelaft added to prevent corrupti-
ons 5 For he moft commonly fells Jufticethat hath bought his Office. Can.12.
ccInthe fecond it was ordered, That no Chancellor, Commiflary, or
"Official, unlefshebein Holy Orders, fhould proceed to Sufpenfion,
"or any higher Cenfure againft any of the Clergy in any criminal
"caufe other than neglect of appearance upon legal Citing: but that
tc all fuch cafes mould be heard by the Bifhop in perfon, with the aili-
"ftance of his Chancellor, or CommifTary, or if the Bifhops occafi-
ccons will not permit, then by his Chancellor, or Commiflary, and
"two grave dignified or benficed Minifters of the Diocefs to be af:
"fignedby the Bifhop, under his Epifcopal Seal, who fhall hear and
" cenfure the faid caufe in that Confiftory. By the third it was or-
dained. That no Excommunications or Abfolutions fhould be good
"or valid in l.aw except they be pronounced either by the Bifhop in i
ec perfon, or by fome other in holy Orders having Eccle(iaftical Jurif-
" diction, or by fome grave Minifter beneficed in the Diocefs, being a
"Mafterof Arts at leaft, and appointed by the Bifhop, the name of
412 TheLife of \V i l l i a m
,; V.RT IT. thefaid Prieft or Minifcer being exprelfed in the Inftrument under
Anm Vom. cc the Seal of the Court , And that no fuch Minifter fhould pronounce
i ^ 4. o. " any fuch Sentence but in open Confiftory, or at leaft in fome Church
^j^j^j "or Chappel, the Penitent humbly craving and taking Abfolutionup-
" on his knees. By the fourth it was provided., That no Chancellor,
{C e^r.ftiould have power to commute any Penance in whole or in part,
Can. 14. ccbut either together with the Bifhopin perfon, or with his privity in
"writing 5 Thutif hedo it by himfelf, he fhould give upafull and juft
"account of fuch Commutations once every year at Michaelmas to
cc the Bifhop, under pain of being fufpended from his Jurifdiclion for
"the fpaceof a year 5 thefaid Commutations to be difpofedof by the
Can- 15. "Bifhopand Chancellor in fuch charitable and pious ufes asthe Law
ct requires 5 and that Commutation to be fignified to the place from
ec whence the complaint proceeded, in cafe the crime werepublickly
"complained of, and approved notorious.
For preventing thofe vexations and inconveniencies which former-
ly had been occalioned by concurrent Jurifdi&ions, It was decreed
by the fifth Canon, under the feveral penalties therein contained,
" That no Regifter or Clerk {hould give, nor Apparitor execute a Ci-
tation upon any Executor to appear in any Court or Office till ten
"days after the Death of the Teftator} And that never thelefs it
"might be lawful for any Executor to prove fuch Wills when they
"think good, within the faidten days before any Ecclefiaftical Judge
refpecYively, to whofe Jurifdiclion the fame might or did appertain.
By the fixth it was ordained for the better preventing of any fur-
: ther invafions to be made on the Prerogative of the See of Canter-
Can*i6* cc lurj^ and of many other inconveniencies which did thence arife,
"no .Licenfe of Marriage fbould be granted from any Ordinary, in
"whole Jurifdiction one of the parties hath not been Commorant for
" the (pace of a month, immediately before the fame (hall be defired,
" under pain of fuch Cenfureas the Archbifhop (hould think fit to in-
dict 5 And that the faid Parties being commorant in the faid Jurif-
" diction, as before is faid, fhall be made one of the Conditions of the
" Bond accuftomably given for fecuring that Office. And for pre-
" venting of vexatious Citations for the time to come, it was required
" by the laft Canon^ That no Citation (hould from thenceforth be
"ifiued out of any Ecclefiaftical Court, except it be upon Prefent-
"ment, but fuch as (hould be fent forth under the Hand and Seal of
ee the Chancellor^ within thirty days after the fault committed } the
ce Return thereof to be made on thefirft or fecond Court-day after
" the ferving of the fame : And that the Party fo cited, not being con-
" vincedby two WitnefTes, on his denial of the Fact by his corporal
" Oath, (hould be forthwith difmiffed without any payment of Fees.
Provided, That this Decree extend not to any grievous Crime, as
"Schifm, Incontinence, Misbehaviour at the Church in the time of
" Divine Service, obftinatelnconformity, or the like. Finally, For
k preventing all unnecelTary Tautologies and Repetitions of the fame
^pYing, it was declared once for all, " That whatfbever had been de-
clared in the former Canons, concerning the Jurifdi&ion of the
cc Bifiops,
cc
«
cc
Lord $A rcbbifoop of Canterbury. 415
1 . . — . 1 ■ .
tSBrJhbp*9 their Chancellors, or Comnrijfaries, (hould be in force (as far L I B. IV.
--"as by Law it was appliable) concerning all Deans, Deans and Chap- AnnoDom.
l*Jj£r*i Collegiate Churches, Archdeacons, and all in Holy Orders, ha- 1640.
u ving exempt of peculiar Junfdiftion, and their feveral Officers re- *"*rVI!^
"fpeftively.
To the Proceedings of this Committee in digefting thefe Canons,
the intcrpofing of another bufincfs gave no ftop at "all, though it Teem-
ed to be of more weight then all the reft. His Ma jetty on the twenti-
eth of May directed his Letters fealed with his Royal Signet, and at-
tested by his Sign Manual , to the Bifhops and Clergy alTembled in
Convocation, Requiring and thereby Authorising them to proceed in
making synodical Conjiittttions, for Levying the lix Subsidies formerly
Granted. This the moft eafie Task of all. The Grant of the fix Sub-
sidies had been drawn before '■, and there was nothing now to be altered
rn-ftj but the changing of the name of Subfidy into that of Benevolence,
according to the Advice of the Council-Learned 3 by whom it waj*
rcfolved, That no Moneys could be raifed in the name of a Subsidy,
but by Aft of Parliament. And for the Synodical A&s or Conjlitutions
for the Levying of it, they were made to their hands 5 So that there
was nothing left for them to do, but to follow rhe Precedent which
was laid before them out of the* Record of Convocation, Anno 1)85,
and to tranferibe the fame (the names and Sums being only changed)
without further trouble. So that it was difpatched by the Committee^
Voted by the Clergie, . and fent up to the Bifiops before the end of the
next day. , Nor did the framing or compiling of the Book of Articles^
give any ftop at all to him, to whom the digefting of them was com-
mitted, from attending the Service of the C^'///'/^ and the Houfe up-
on all occahons} though for the better Authoring of them he had
placed in the Margin beforeevery Art/cle,xhz Canon, Rubric^ Laiv^ In-
i'tuciion, or other Authentick Evidence upon which it was grounded. •
Which being finifhed in good time was by him openly read in the
Houfe, and by the Houfe approved and palled without alteration but
that an Exegetical or Explanatory Claufe, in the fourth Article of the
fourth chapter, touching the Reading of the Second or Comnrunion-ser-
h)t\ at rhe Lords Table, was defired by fome to be omitted.,- which was
'>r e accordingly ; Which Articles being too many and top long to be
here mferted, the Reader may confult in the Printed Book, fir ft pub-
I.ihed for the Vilitation of the Bilhopof London, and by him fitted in
fome points for the ufe of that Diocefs, The find Clerk brought a
Canon alfo with him, "For enjoying the faid Book to be. only ufed
F4 in all Parochial ViCitatiom, for the better fettling of an Uniformity
*em the outward Government and Adminiftration of the Church,
" and for the preventing of fuch juft Grievances, which might be laid
"upon Churchwardens and other fworn men, -by any impertinent.,
"inconvenient, or illegal Inquiries in the Articles for Eccledajiical
" Vifttations : The lame to be depofited in the Records of the Arch-
"bifhopof Canterbury. To which a Claufe was added in the Houfe
IC of Bifhops, giving a Latitude to themfelves for adding fome Aril'
<c cles peculiar to their feveral Jurifdiftions,fofthefpaceof three years}
Ggg The-
4H The Life 0/ W^liam
PART II. cc The fame to be allowed by their Metropolitan : Andaferwardstocon-
Anno Vom. tent themfel veswith the faid Articles -3 fo enlarged and accommodated,
1 6 4 o. - f°r ail times fucceeding.
y^'sr^j Some other things there were in Proportion and Defign, that never
ripened into Aft or Execution. There had beeD a Defign in delibera-
tion, touching the drawing and digefting of an Englifi Pontifical, to
be approved by this Convocation*, and tendred to his Majefties Confir-
mation. Which faid Pontifical was to contain the form and manner
of his Ma jetties late Coronation, to ferve for a perpetual ftanding Rule
on the like ocafions $ Another form to be obferved by all Archbifliops
and Rifhops, for Confecrating Churches, Church-yards, and Chap-
pels } and a third for Reconciling fuch Penitents as either had done
open Penance, or had Revolted from the Faith to the Law of Maho-
met. Which three, , together with the form of Confirmation, and that
of Ordering Bifiops, Pricfis, and Deacons, which were then in force,
were to make up the whole Body of the Book intended.. But the
Troubles of the Time growing greater and greater, it was thought
expedientto defer the Profecution of it till a fitter conjuncture. Ma-
ny had took exception againft the tying up of Preachers to the Form
of Prayer ap^dintecl to beufed before their Sermons, Can. 55. For
whofe Relief therein, a fhort Prayer was drawn, containing ail the
Heads of that in the XZanoni And being fo drawn up, it was to'have
been tendred by the hands of one of the Clergie, who would have un-
dertaken that it fhould be univerfally received by all thofe which
dillike the other. But the Archbifhop chofe rather to adhere to the
Canon^ than to venture on any new Experiment 5 that Canon being
founded on the Injun&ions of >Queen Elizabeth and King Edward vi.
at the firft Reformation. * And Co the Proportion fell without moving
further. • Gryffitha Clerk for one of the Welfo Diocefles, a moderate
and fober man, propofed untothe Houfe, That a new Edition might
be made of the Welfl) Church- Bible 3 the old one being corrupt in
fome places and defeftive in others, which he inftanced in. The
Motion well aproved by the Clergie , and by the Houfe of Bifhops
committed to the care of the four Welfh Bifhops} of whofe proceed-
ing in the Work, by reafon of the following Troubles, there was little
hope. Nor did the Archbifhop fpeed much better in a Motion of his5
which was. That his Majcfty might be moved for the new Printing
of the Common-Prayer Boof^ in the Latin Tongue, to the end (though
I cannot pofitively fay that he exprelTed fo much at that time) that
it might be ufed in all Collcdges and Halls, in Officiating the Morning-
Prayer, at which none are bound to Be prefent, but fuch as are pre-
fiimed to underfbmd the Languge. For doing whereof, he conceived
he had good ground in the firft Rubric kj after the Preface to the Com-
mon-Prayer Bookj) in which it is declared, That though it he apppointed
in the aforefaid Preface, that all things Jlwuld be Read and Sung in the
Englifh Tongue, to the end that the Congregation may be thereby Edified :
jet it is not meant \but when men fay Morning and Evening Prayer private-
ly, they may fay the fame in any Language that they 'themfelves do under-
Jland. And he had alfo the conftant example of Chrrfl-church in Oxov.
in
Lord <*A rchbijhoj) of Canterbury. 415
in vvtuch the firft Morning-Prayers were continually Officiated in the LIB. IV.
Latin Tongue, for the prebends, Students, and others of the Founda- Anno Dom*
tion 5 and at the Cathedral-hours, in the EngliJI) only, for Inftru&ion 1640.
and Devotion of the choir-men, Alms-men, Servants, and all others
which refort unto them.
It is a matter which deferves no fmall Admiration, Thatthefe Ca-
nons (like the firft building of the Temple, without the noife of Ax
and Hammer) fhould pafs the Houfe with fuch a general calm and
quiet, and be received with fo many Storms and Tempefts when they
went abroad. The very fitting of the Convocation condemned for an
illegal A6t^ as if it were a Crime to outlive the Parliament. And much
fport made by ignorant and malicious men, touching the Metamor-
phofis of an old Convocation, into a new Synod, as, they fcoffed it 5
which hath fufficiently been anfwered in that before- The whole
Body of the Canons Voted by the Houfe of Commons in the following
Parliament, to be againji the Fundamental Lavas of the Rcalm,againji the
Kings Prerogative, Property of the SubjecJ, the Right of Parliaments ^and Hifl-K'^"3
to tend to Faction and Sedition which (hall be anfwered as fufficiently ^ ' ' p*
in that which follows. The (even laft paflionately oppofed by Martin,
and fome other Ecclefiaftical Judges, before they palled the Royal Afi
fint, as tending to the v ifible difcouragment, if not the plain overthrow
of their Profellion. To which it was anfwered by the Archbifhop,
and the Council too, That nothing but their Excrefcences and Ex-
orbitances, were by thofe Canons pared away 5 all their Preferments^
with the Profits and Lawful Fees which belonged unto it, remain-
ing as before they were. Yet the Civilians made not fo much noife
as fome Common Lawyers , who looked upon the Granting of a
Benevolence by Convocation, and the Levying of it by Synodical Aclr
and Confiitutions, as being an Incroachment on the Priviledges and
Rights of Parliament, without the Midwifery whereof, the clergie
could Enafr no Canons to bind the Subjects, in fuch Pecuniary PayT
mentsaswcre laid upon them. Which were it fo, and that the clergie
could riot give away their own without leave from others, they muft
needs be the greatcft Slaves the Sun ever (hined on : Whereas in truth,
the Clergie in Convocation have as much power to give away the mo-
ny of the Clergie by whom they are chofen to that Imployment} as
the Commons in Parliament have to command themony of the Cities,
Towns, and Counties for which they ferve. For in the choofing
of the Clerks for the Convocation, there is an Inftrument drawn and
fealed by the clergie, in which they bind themfelves to the Archdea-,
con or Archdeacons of their feveral DiocefTes, upon pain of forfeiting
all their Lands and Goods, to allow, ftandto, and perform whatfo- Seratum,
ever their faid Clerks or Pro&ors (hall fay, do, or condefcend to on SratMm &
their behalf. Greater Authority than this, as the Commons have ™c$**m .
not} fo why the Clergie in the Convocation (hould not make ufe of this auiddiCiT^
Authority as they fee occafion, I can find no reafon. Nor is it a fpe- procuratons
culative Authority only, and not reducible unto Pra&ice^ an Au- conjlituerint;
thority which was then in force, but not in ufe, as is diftinguiihed in fecerint, vel
fome Cafes. They had a Precedent for it in Queen Elizabeths time, fHl dixerint,
Ggg 2 as
416 The Life of W i l l i a m
PART IL as before was noted: not then beheld as an Incroachment on the Right
Anno Vom. of Parliaments. But then was then, and now is now ; the change of
1640. Times (without any alteration of the Laws ) diverfifying the lame
Vx?""V^J Action into good and bad.
But nothing raifed fomuch noife and clamour, astheOath required
by the fixth Canon ^ Exclaimed againft both from the Pulpit and the
Prcfih Reproached in Printed Pamphlets, and Unprinted Scribbles }
and glad they were to find fuch an excellent Advantage, as the difco-
vering of an &c. in the Body of it, did unhappily give them. This
voiced abroad to be the greateft Afyftery of Iniquity which thefe laft
Ages had produced, containing in it fo much of the Depths of Satan 5
that as no man could fee the bottom of the Iniquity : fo neither they
that made the Oath, nor they that were to take it, underftood the
Myftery. But unto this it hath beenanfwered, as unto the fact, That
in all the Canons which were made before this being five in number)
there was a particular enumeration of all theperfons, vefted with any
Ecclefiaftical Jurifdidtion 5 that is to fay, Archbifwps, Bifoops, Deans,
Archdeacons , Deans and Chapters^ and other perfons having peculiar or
exempt Jurifdidtion 5 which having been repeated diftincHy or parti-
cularly infuchof the Canons as were firft made, was in the firft draw-
ing of their Oath, for avoiding of a Tautologiefo often iterated, cut
offwith this &c. with an intention neverthelels to make the Enume-
ration perfect ("and confequently to expunge this unlucky &c.) be-
fore it came to be Engrofled. But the King being weary of the Charge
and Clamour, which the keeping of a Guard on the Convocation did
expole him to, did hafren them to a Conclufion by fo many MelTages
brought by Vane and others, that in the halte this unlucky &c. was
forgotten, and fo committed to thePrefs accordingly. It hath been
fecondly anfwered, as in point of Reafon, That the &-c. as it (rands in
that part of the Oath, is fo reftrained and limited by the following
words, vi£- as it ftands now eftablijbed, that there can be no danger of
any Myftery of Iniquity init : Sothat intheConftructionof thisText,
the &c. as it now remains, is a meer impertinency : For being left in,
it fignifieth nothing,in the regard of the reftriUion following 5 and being
left out,thefenfe is currant and compleat without it. Which all thofe
witty Gentlemen who fo often (poke, and others of lefs wit and qua-
lity, which fo frequently writ againftthis Oath, could not chufe but
fee: but that they were not willing to fee any thing which might make
againftthem. The Paramount Objection being thtlsrefell'd, the reft
which have been made againft it will be eafily fatisfied. It hath been
charged by fome. That the exacting of an Oath not to confent to the
Alteration of the Government of the Church by Archbifhops, Bi-
(hops, Deans, Archdeacons, C^c. is an affront to the Fundamental
Rules of Civil Politic To which it hath beenanfwered, That it is
indeed an affront to Government \ not to fubmit or yield Obedience un-
to Civil SanBions when made, and legally eflablifbed : But it is no
affront not to give conftnt wany fuch Eftablzfljn/ents, while they are
in Treaty 5 for then the liberty of aiTenting or difTenting, of Yea or
Nay, would be taken away from every Member in the Houfes of Par-
liament,
Lord Archbifbop of Canterbury. 417
liament, and every man mutt give confent to every Bill which is offered LIB. IV*
to him. But befides this, there were but few of the Convocation whofe Anno T>om.
confent was likely to beasked, when any change of Church-Govern- i 640.
ment fhould be fet on foot 5 fo that their diffenting or affenting was V-^*V^h=J
not much material : but only fofar as by their readinefs of confenting
to fuch Innovations in the Publick Government, they might. encourage
others to proceed againft it. Here then is no affront to Government,
much left to the Fundamentals of it 5 the Oath not binding any man
not to yield Obedience, but not to give confent to fuch Alteration.
As for thelafr Objection, That he who takes the Oath declares there-
in. That he takes it willingly •, being conftrained fb to do under grievous
Penalties. This as it comes lalt, isthe Ieaft confiderable^ for if this
were a Crime in the Convocation, it was fuch a Crime as the high Court
of Parliament hath been guilty of, in drawing up the Oath of Allegi-
ance in the third year of King James 5 in which the Party is to fwear,
That he makes that Recognition not only heartily and truly, but alfo
willingly : and yet the taking of that Oath, isimpofedon all the Sub-
jects, uuder feveral Penalties, if any of them (hall refufe it.
And yet thefe Quarrels at the Oath, the Unparliamentary Levying
of thefaid Benevolence, and the pretended Illegality of their very Sit-
ting after the Par 'iament expired, were but the out-fides of the bufi-
nefs, but only colours and difguifes to conceal the chief caufeof their
difpleafurefrom the publick view. Somewhat there was which galled
them more than all thefe together 5 that is to fay, the Proportions for
alferting the Regal Power, making it abfolute and independent with
reference bothtoP^e andpeople, to the great difcontent and trouble
of the Popular Party, fince better known by the name of Common-
wealths-men. Which fince the Englifl) were not confident enough to
fpeakoutat firft, we muft take their meaning from the Scots, who in
the Articles exhibited againft our Archbifhop by their Commiflioners, .
have expreflv charged them with this Crime, viz. That he made *' T)om-
Canons and Constitutions againjl them, their jufi and necejfary defence 5
Ordaining under allhighefi Pain, That hereafter the Clergie fhotdd Preach
four time in the year fuch Dotirine as was contrary not only to their Pro-
ceedings, but to the Do&rine and Proceedings of other Reformed Kir kj ,
to the Judgment of all found Divines and Politickjh as tending to the
utter jlavery and ruining of all Ejiates and Kingdoms, and to the difio-
nour of Kings and Monarch. This the true caufe of thofe high Dif
pleafures, conceived by fome prevailing Members of the Houfe of
Commons, and openly declared by their Words and Actions, brand-
ing thofe innocent Canons for a tendency to Fa&ion and S edition y
which they moft laboured to fupprefs$ condemning all that Voted
to them, in great fums of Money } and afterwards deftroying
them one by one, as they came in their way. Compared with this,
neither the Benevolence, nor the Oath;, nor anything elfe before ob-
jected, wasefteemed confiderable} though all were joyned together
to amuze the People, and make them fearful of fome Plot, not only to
fubvert Religion, but their Civil Flights.
But the beft is, that howfoever fome few men for their private ends
reproached
41 8 The Life o/William
PART II. reproached thefe Canons, as before, his Sacred Majefty, the Lords of
AmoVom. his moft Honourable Privy-Council, the Reverend Judges, and the
1640. Great Lawyers of the Council-Learned;, conceived otherwife of them }
t^-v*^ in the hearing of all which they were publickly read by the Archbi-
(hops procurement, before they were tendred to the Clergy to be fub-
fcribed : and by all which they were approved, not without thanks to
the ArchbiGhopfrom the Kinghimfelf, for his pains therein. And cer-
tainly it had been ftrange that they mould pafs the Approbation of
the Judges and Learned Lawyers, had they contained any thing againfi
the Fundamental Laws of the Land, the Property of the SnbjeCt, and the
Rights of Parliaments or been approved by the Lords of his Ma-
jefties Privy-Council, had any thing been contained in them deroga-
tory to the Kings Prerogative, or tending to Fa&ion and Sedition. So
far they were from being liable to Condemnation in thofe refpects,
thatjuftice Crooks (whofe Argument in the Cafe of Ship-money was
Printed afterwards by Order from the Houfe of Commons) is credi-
bly affirmed to have lifted up his hands, and to have given hearty
Thanks to Almighty God, that he had lived to fee fo good Effects of a
Convocation. On thefe Encouragements, and fuch a folemn Appro-
bation, the Clergy were called up to the Houfe of Bilhops, tobepre-
fent at the fubfcribing of them 5 which Was accordingly performed
May 29. by the Bifhops, Deans, and Archdeacons in their Seniority,
and promifcuoufly by the reft of the Clergy, till all the Members had
Subscribed} every mans heart going together with his hand, as it is to
be prefumed from all men of that holy Profeffion. Recufant there
was none, but the Bifhop of Glotejler, fufpecled of fome inclinations to
the Romifly Religion in the Times preceding} which inclinations he
declared more manifeftly by this RefufaU for which there could be
ir no imaginable Reafon to prevail upon him, but the feverity of the Ca-
non for fuppreffing the Growth of Popery. Some pains was taken
with him in the way of perfwafion, and fome Commands laid on him
by his Metropolitan, as PreGdent of the Convocation : But when nei-
ther of the two Endeavours could remove him from his former obfti-
nacy, the Prolocutor and Clergy were required to return to their
Houfe again, and toconfider of the Penalty which he had incurred*
according to the Rules and Practice of theCatholick Church in Nati-
onal and Provincial Councils. Which being done, the Prolocutor
had no fooner put the Queftion, but the Clergy unanimoufly con-
demned him to a Sulpenfion aBeneficio & Officio '■, and found at their
return, that the Houfe of Bifhops (who had had fome fpeech thereof
before) had pronounced the fame Sentence againfthim alfo. A Sen-
tence which might have produced more dangerous effects on this ob-
ftinate Prelate, if he had not prevented it in time by his fubmiffion<
For the Sentence being reduced into Writings fubfcribed by the
Archbifhops hand, and publickly pronounced in the Convocation, his.
Majefty took fuch juft offence at fo great a fcandal, that he committed
him to Prifon, where he ftaid not long 5 for on the tenth of July he
made acknowledgment of his fault before the Lords of the Council,'
and took the Oath injoyned in the fixth Canon, forpreferving the Do-
ctrines'
Lord Arcbbifbop of Canterbury 419
cirine and Difcipline of the Church of England, againft all .Popifj L I B. IV*
Doctrines which were thereunto repugnant. Upon the doing Anno T>om.
whereof, his Majcfty wasgracioufly pleafed to reftore him to his for- i 640.
mer Liberty 5 though this Submiffion appeared within few years after,' *-<^V^*W
to be made either with fome mental Reservation, or Jefuitical Equi-
vocation, which he came prepared with. , For in the time of his laft
Sicknefs, he declared himfelf to be a Member of the Church of/ Rome,
andcaufed it fo to be expreffed in his lafl: Will and Teftament, that
the news thereof might fpread the further, and his Apoftacy ftand up-
on Record to all future Ages. A Scandal fo unfeafonably given,
as if the Devil himfelf had watched an opportunity to defpite this
Church.
But thefe "things hapned not till after. The Sentence of Sufpenfion
was no fooner pronounced, but the Archbiftiop giving great thanks
totheBiOiopsand the reft of the Clergy *for their pains ancT diligence,
in doing fo much Work info little time, produced his Ma jetties Writ
for dilTolvingthe faid Convocation'-, which he accorcjingly executed,
and diilblved the fame. The Acts' whereof being transmitted unto
Tork^, were by the Convocation for that Province perufed, debated,
and approved without any deputing} andfo prefented tohisMajefty
with their Names fubfcribed, according to the antientCuftom. There
remained now nothing more to do, for giving thefe Canonsthe Au-
thority and Reputation of his Majefties Ecclefiaftical Laws, but the
fignifying of his Royal Affent, and confirming them by Letters Pa-
tents under the Great Seal of England. And this his Majefty, upon
mature deliberation, was gracioufly pleafed to do, commanding in the
fame, That they fould be diligently obferved, executed, and equally J{$pt
by all his Subjects, both within the Provinces ^Canterbury and York
refpetlively : That for the better obfervation of them, all Minijlers fliould
audibly and diflinBly read all the faid Canons in the Church or Chappel in
which they Minifer, at the time of Divine Service^ The Book^oj the faid
Canons to be provided before Michaelmas, at the charge of their Parifes :
And finally. That all Archhifops and Bifops, and others having Ecclefta-
Jlicaljurifli&ion, fall take fpecial care that the faid Canons and Cr--
dinances be in all joints duly obferved'-) not fparing to execute the Penal-
ties in them fever ally mentioned, upon any that fall wittingly or wilfully
break^or ncglecl to obfervethe fame, as they tendred the honour of Cod, the
Peace of the church, the Tranquility of the Kingdom, and their Duties and
Service to his Majefly their King and Sovereign. With which his Ma-
jefties Letters Patents, bearing date on June 19. confirmatory of the
A&s of the lard Convocations, I conclude the fourth and bufiefc partof
thisprefent Hiftory.
THE
i •
42 1
THE
LIFE
O F.
The moil Reverend FATHER in GO
WILLIAM
Lord Archbifliop of Canterbury.
L 1 B. V-
Extending front the end of the Convocation, Anno 1640.
the day of. his Death, Jan. ioch 1644.
THushavewe brought this Renowned Prelate, and with
him the Church unto the very Battlement and Finacle
of External Glories. Butfuchjs the viciffitude of hu-
mane affairs, that being carried to the height they begin
to fall ; it being no otherwife with the fortunes of States
otMen., then it is with Plants, which have their times of taking Root,
their Crowing, Flourifliing Maturity, and then their Fading, and de-
cay. And therefore it was very wellobferved by Vatercuhs^ an old
Roman Hiftorian, that when either Emulation or natural Courage
had given to any man an edge to afcend to the higheft, after they had
£*}attained that height, they were according to thecourfe of Nature
to deleend again \ and that it was no otherwife (X) with States and Na-
tions then with Private men. It was juft fburfcore years from the
beginning of the Preformation under Queen Elizabeth^ to the Pacifica-
tion made at Borvoic^ when the King fo unfortunately difmift his
Forces, and thereby left himfelf and his party in a worfe condition
then before the raiftng of his Army. The Church till then might feem
Hh h to
Anno Vox**
1640.
("a) Nat ur Hit-
ter quod proce-
dere nonpoteft,,
recedit. \,dL
Pat. Hift. ^
Lib. I.
(b) Gentium,
urbium, ut vi*
rorum nuncfi
oret fortknay
nunc fenefcitf.
aliquanda in*
teris. Ibid,
The Life of W^lia m
PART II. to be in the Afcendant in the point of Culminating^ and was then
Anno ~Dom. ready to decline3which our Judicious Hooks*' (0nac^ before prefaged :
i 640. Who had affigned her fourfcore years for her growth and flouriftiing,
r^TiT'V an(^ nothing afterwards but forrow and difconfolation. For taking
Foltt.Lil.^' notice of the inclination of the times to Sacriledge, and Spoil and
Setl. 79. Rapine ; aud finding nothing more frequent in the mouths of men,
then this, "that they which endowed Churches with Lands poifoned
cc Religion, that Tithes and Oblations are now in the fight of God but
ccasthe facrificed blood of Goats and that fulneft of bread having
c c made the Children wanton, it was without any fcruple to be taken
cc away from them, He made upon the whole matter, this enfuing
c c Judgment : By this means ("faith he) or the like fuggeftions received
"with all joy, and with like fedulity practiced in certain parts of the
£C Ghriftian World, they have brought to pafsthat as David doth fay
£C of man, (bit is in hazard to be verefied concerning the whole Reli-
cc gion and fervice of God, The time thereof may \>er adventure fall out t»
<c be threefore and ten years, oriffirength do ferve unto fourfcore what
" followed] is liketobefmall joy for them whofoever they be that be-
hold the fame. An Obfervation which feems to favour more of
the Prophet, then it did ofthe Prieft 3 and to have as much Divination,
as Divinity in it.
Thus alfo in reference to himfelf, he was now growing towards the
term of 70 years, which the Vfilmifl had affigned to the Life of man,
and there wanted not many fad Prefages of his Fall and Death. He
was much given to take notice of his Dreams, and commit them to
writing, Amongft which I find this for one, that on Friday night the
24 of Jan. 1 6^9. his father("who died 46 years beforejcame tohim,and
that to his thinking he was as well,andaschearful^as ever hefaw him,
that his Father asked him what he did there } that after (bmefpeech
he demanded of his Father how long he would ftay there 5 and that
his Father made this Anfwer, that he would ftay till he had him along
with him. A dream which made fuch Impreffion on him as to adde
this Note to it in his Breviate, that though he mas not moved with
Dreams, yet he thought ft to remember this. On Friday night juft a
Month before, being the 27th of December and the night following the
day of St. John the Evangelift, there was raifed fuch a violent Tem-
peft that many of the Boats which were drawn to Land at Lambeth,
were dalht one againft the other, and were broke to pieces 3. and that
the (hafts of two Chimneys were blown down upon the Roof of his
Chamber, and beat down both the Lead and Rafters upon his bed, in
which mine he rauft needs have Periffied, if the Roughnefs of the wa-
ter had not forced him to keep his Chamber at Whitehall. A mifchance
fomewhat of this nature befelthe fame night at Croyden (a. retiring
place belonging to the Archbiffiop of Canterbury') where one of the Pi-
nacles fell from the Steeple, beat down the Lead and Roof of the
Church above twenty foot fquare.But that which was more remarkable
then either of thefe, happened the fame night at the Metropoljtical
Church in the City of Canterbury 3 where one of the Pinacles upon the-
top of the Bdl-frey Tower, which carried a vane, with this Archbi-
Lord^ArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 423
(hops Arms upon it, was violently ftruck down, but born a good di-LIB. IV.
ftance from the Steeple, to fall upon the Roof of the Cloyfter under Anno Vom-
which the Arms of the Archiepifcopal See itfelf^ were engraven in i 6 4 o.
ftone$ which Arms being broken to pieces by the fall of the other, V-^V"^*
gaveoccafion unto one who loved him not, to collect this Inference,
that the Arms of the prefent Archbipop of Canterbury, breaking down
the Arms of the See of Canterbury , not only portended his own fall, but
the Ruine of the Metropolitcal dignity by the weight thereof Of thefe
misfortunes, (which fome men perhaps may call Prefages) he took not
fo much notice, as he did of an accident which happenedon St.simon
andjude's eve, not above a week before the beginning of the late
long Parliament, which drew him to his final Ruine. On which day
going into his upper ftudy to fend fome Manufcripts to Oxon3 he found
his Picture at full Length, and taken as near unto the life as the Penfil
was able to exprefsit, to be fallen on the Floor, and ly ing flat upon its
face, the ftring being broke by which it was hanged againft the wall.
At the fight whereof he took fuch a fudden apprehenfion, that he
began to fear it as an Omen of that ruine which was coming toward
him, and which every day began to be threatned to him, as the Par-
liament grew nearer and nearer to confult about it. Which acci-
dents happening one in the neck of another, gave him fome occafion
to look back on a former misfortune, which chanced on the 19th of
September 1633. being the very day of his Tranflationto theSee of
Canterbury j When the Ferry Boat tranfporting his Coach and Horfes
with many of his Servants in it, funk to the bottom of the Thames,
And though he loft neither Man nor Horfe by the mifad venture, yet
much difcourfe was made upon it, and moft beheld it, as a fign of no
good Fortune, which fhould befal him in the courfe of his Future
Actions.
But worfe Prefages then all thefe, were the breaking out of divers
Plots and Practices againft him, by the Oppofite Factions 3 not only
the Puritans but the Papijis, confpiring againft him, and both Refolved
to bring him to his Fatal end by fome means or other. ThePapifts
whichhad hope to effect great matters by the Power and Prevalency
of the Queen, found the Archbifhop fo averfe from their courfes, and
the King fo refolute in the maintenance of the true Proteftant Reli-
gion here by Law eftablifhed, that they perceived it neceflTary to re-
move them both out of the way, before any thing could be effected .
anfwerable to their expectation. A confederacy was formed amongft
them, confiftingof fome of the moftfubtle heads in the whole Jefuiti-
cal party, by whom it was concluded to foment the broils began in
Scotland^ and to heighten the combuftions there, that the King being
drawn into a War might give them the opportunity to effect their en-
terprife for fending him and the Archbifhop to the other World,
Which being by one of the party on compunction of Confcienee, made
known to Andreas ab Habernsfield, who had been Chaplain as fome
(aid to the Queen of Bohemia^ they both together gave intimation of
it, to Sw William Eojwel, his Majefties Refident atthe Hague j having
firft bound him by his Oath not to reveal the fame to any man Living
Hhh 2 but
424 We Life of William
PART II. but to the Archbifhop himfelf, and by the Archbifhop to the King.
Anna Dam- This (ignified by Eofwd's Letters #f the 19th oCseptemb. Together
1 6 4 Q. with a general draught of the defign transmitted to Canterbury under
\-^V^J the hand of Haberusfield himfelf, the firft difcovererof the plot. On
the Receipt of which difpatches the Archbifhop giving directions
to Bofwel to proceed -to a further difcovery of it, fends the Intelli-
gence with all fpeed imaginable, by his Letters of the nth of the
fome Month to the King at Yorl^ befeeching nothing more then his
fecrefie in it, that he would not trull his Pockets with thofe dange-
rous Papers^ and finally, that he would declare what his Pleafure
was for the Profecution of the bufinels. And fo far both the King
and he had very good Reafon to be fenfible of the dangers which
were threatned to them. But when the large difcovery was brought
unto him tranfmitted in Bofivel's letter of the 15th of OBober. he found
fomenames in it, which difcredited the whole Relation as well in his
Ma jellies Judgment as his own. For befides this naming of fome
profeit. PapiUs, as the Dutches of Buckingham, theCounteifes of A-
runckl and Newport, Mountague, Digby, and Winter, of whofe Fidelity
the King was notwilling to have any fufpition, he named the Earl of
Arundel, Windeban!^, Principal Secretary of State, and porter on of
the Grooms of the Bed-chamber, whom he charged to be the Kings
utter enemiesr and fuch as betrayed his fecrets to the Popes Nuncio
upon all occafions5 all which his Ma jerry beheld as men of molt ap-
proved Loyalty and affections to him 3 By reafon whereof no further
credit being given to the Advertifement, which they had from Bofwel,
the danger fo much feared at firfr, became more flighted and neglect-
ed then confifted with his Mafefties fafety, and the condition of the
times which were apt to mifchief} For though the Party who firlt
brake the Ice to this Intelligence, might be miftaken in the names
of fome of the Acromplices, which were interefled in the defign,
whofe Relations unto thofe of the Church of Rome might give fome
ground for the miftake , yet the calamities which foon after fell up-
on them ttoth, the deplorable death of the Archbilhop firft, and his
Majefly afterwards, declare fufheiently, that there was fome greater
Reality in the Plot then the King was willing to believe. But it
had been a Maxime with King James, his Father, That Sufpition -was
the. {icknefs and diftdft of a Tyrants which laid him open to all the
fubtle Prices of malicious cunning. And it had been taken up by
this Kir.g tor an Axiom alfo, That it was better to be deceived than to di-
jemji'-) which, paved a plain and eafie way to all thofe misfortunes which
in the whole courfeof his Reign, efpecially for ten years laft pair,
had been brought upon him.
And as for Canterbury himfelf he had fo many dangers threatned
from the Puritan Faction as made him bend his whole thoughts to pre-
vent their Practices, who had already declared their Purpofe towards
his Deftruction. For a brute being malicioufly (pread abroad, that
the late Parliament had been diffolved by his Procurement, th<e Rab-
ble became fo inflamed, that a Paper was parted up at the Exchange^
on Saturday the ninth of May} advifing and animating the Appren-
, tices
• LordtArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 425
tices to Sack his Houfe at Lambeth on the Munday following. This L I B. IV*
gave him a diffident warning to expect, a dorm, and to prepare him- Anm Vem,
felf againft it 5 which he did with fo much care and courage, that 1 640.
though he was aflaulted that night with a confufed Raskal Rabble l^V^-i
of five hundred perfons, yet they were not able either to force the
Houfe, or do any vifible harm unto it. The next day he procured
fome pieces of Canon, which he can fed to be planted for defence of
the great Gate which leads into the houfe, and ftrengthened all the
letter doors which opened towards the Garden, and other places 5 fo
that there was no danger to be reared from the like alarms, though
prudently he withdrew to his Chamber at Whitehall till the Rage of
rhe People was blown over. Some of theprincipal Actors in this Se-
dition being apprehended and committed to the Goal in Soirfhrvark^3
were forcibly delivered by others of their Accomplices, who brake
open that and all other Prifons in that TrecinB for which one Ben- .
jlead, who appeared in the head of that Riot, was on the 21 of May
condemned for Trea(bn? and was accordingly drawn, hanged, and
quartered, for a terrour to others. Which feafonable Execution put
an end to the Outrage, but not to the malice of the People 5 Li-
bels againft him being Scattered in mod parts of the City. For though
about the -end of Augvjla Paper was dropt in the Covant Garden, en-
couraging the Souldiers and Apprentices to fall upon him in the Kings
Abfence (his Majefty being then newly gone againft the Scots) yet
there was no Tumult rai fed upon it •■, the People (landing in more fear
of the Hangman than to expofe themfelves again to the Knife and
Halter. Howfoever thinking it as unfafe as it whs imprudent to tempt
the Rabble to be flow another vifit on him at his houfe in Lambeth^
he gave order that the High Commijfion fhould be kept in St. Pauls,
and he did wTelland wifely in it. For the Commiliioners fitting there,
onO&ob. 72. were violently aflaulted by a mixt multitude of Brow
mjlsj Anabaptijls, and Puritans, cfall forts to the number of 2O00«
and upwards, crying out they would have no BiJIjop?-, nor no High
tommijjion. In which Tumult, having frighted away the Judges, Ad-
vocates, and Officers of the Court, they brake down all the Seats and
Benches which they found in the Con^siory, putting the King to a new
neceflity of keeping a Guard upon that Church, as before atlVejiminjier^
notonlv at the next lifting ofthefaid Commiliioners, but at the firft
meetin r-o'-'The Convocation, which foon after followed. And though
one §&ttle*$p had appeared in the head of this company, and ani-
mated all the reft to commit thefe mfolcncies 5 vet there was nothing
$One in order to h's Punifhment or Apprehenfion} the Party being
^rown fa audacious in their diforders, partly upon the near approach
of fhe Parliament, buc principally by the coming in of the Scots, that
they corrccmrred the Law, and defied the Ma gift rates.
' For the Scots, being put into a ftock of Reputation by the Kings Re-
calling of his Forces the year before, had took up (tore of Arms and
Ammunition (as before was faid) upon days of Payment. Advertifed
of his Majvjltes Preparation to make war upon them, and confident of a
ftrong party which they had in England jhey entrecfthef^rf/*;; in holtiie »
manner.-, '
42 6 cfhe Life o/Willia
M.
PART II. manner, taking in all places of importance which they found in their
Am» Vom. way. And having put by his Majefties Forces near a place called New-
1640. bourn, they paft over the line, and prefently made themfelves Matters
v-^t^V^ of the ftrong Town of New-Cajile, by which they put a bridle into
the mouths of the Londoners, his Majefties Forces looking on, or not
very far diftant. The news of this Invafion being brought to the
King, on Auguft 20. he began a Pofting Journey towards his Army in
the North: But he neither found the fame men, nor the fame affecti-
ons, as he had fo unfortunately difcharged the year before. Many
of thefe Souldiers being Co ill principled, or fo ill perfwaded, that
in their marchings through the Country they brake into Churches,
pulled up the Railes, threw down the Communion Tables, defacd
the Common-Prayer-Books, tore the Surplices, and committed ma-
ny other Acts of outragious infolence. The chief Command he had
entrufted to the Earl of Northumberland, whom he had before made
Admiral of his Royal Navy for defence of the Kingdom, honoured
him with the Order of the Garter, and made him one of the Lords oF
his Privy Council? fo that no greater characters of Power and Favour
."could be imprinted on a Subject. The Office of Lieutenant General
he had committed unto the Earl of Strafford Lord Lieutenant of Ire-
land, of whofe Fidelity and Courage he could make no queftion 5
And the Command of the Horfe to Edward Lord Conway, whofe Fa-
ther had been raifedby King James from a private condition to be one
of his principal Secretaries, and a Peer of the Realm. Of which three
great Commanders it was obferved, that one had fufficient healthy
but had no will tothebuGnefs} That another had a good will to it, but
wanted healthy and that a third had neither the one nor the other.
And yetascraficand infirm as the Earl of Strafford found himfelf, he
chearfully undertook the charge of the Army in the Generals abfence,
and fignified by Letter to the Archbifhop of Canterbury, that he durft
venture upon the peril of his head to drive the Scots out of England :
but that he did not hold it Counfellable, as the cafe then (rood. If a-
ny other of the Lords had advifed the King to try his Fortune in a
Battel, he doubted not of fending them home in more hafte than they
came : but the Scots had rendred him unfit to make the motion, for
fear it might bethought that he ftudiedmore his own Concernments,
than he did the Kings.
For thefe Invadors, finding by whofe Counfels his Majefty gover-
ned his Affairs, refolved to draw them into difcredit, both with
Prince and People. And to that end it was declared in a Remon-
Rtwow/f. of ftrance publifhed before their taking Arms, cc That their Propofitions
the Scots,?.? ccancj DefireSj fQ neceflfary and vital unto that Kingdom, could find
"no accefs unto the ears of the gracious King byreafonof the power-
cc ful Diverfion of the Arcrjbifhop of Canterbury, and the Deputy of Ire-
cc land, who (ftrengthned with the high and mighty Faction otPapifts
<c near his Majefty j did only fide in all matters of Temporal and Spi-
cc ritual affairs 5 making the neceffity of their Service to his Majefty to
cc appear in being the only fit Inftruments ("under the pretext of vin-
£C dicating his Majecties Honour J to opprefs both the juft Liberties of
his
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury 427
"his Free Subjects, aud the true Reformed Religion in all his King-L I B. IV.
"doms. Seconding this Rcwonjiranccwith another Pamphlet, (Sailed, jinno Vom.
The Intention of the Army 5 they fignified therein to the good People r 6 4. o.
of England, that they had nodelign either to wa ft e their Goods, ©rM^^M
fpoil their Country : but only to become Petitioners to his Sacred Ma-
jefty tocalla Parliament, and to bring the (aid Archbifhop and Lord
Lieutenant to their condign Punilhmcnts. In which thofe modefl:
men exprefs, "That as they defired the unworthy Authors of their jment.0ftbe
"trouble, who had come out from themfelvcs, to be tried at home, ArriyW
"according to their own Laws 5 fo they would prefs no further Pro-
"cefs againft Canterbury , and the Lieutenant of Ireland, and the re(t
"of thofe pernicious Counfellors in England, whom they called the
" Authors of all the miferies of both Kingdoms, than what their own
"Parliament fliould dilcern to be their j u it deferving. And that
the Engl/JI) might fee the better whom they chiefly aimed at, a book
was publifhed by the name of Laudenfiu-n Aittocatacri'h^ or the Cau-
terburians Self-conviction '? in which the Author of it did endeavour
to prove, out of the Books, Speeches, and Writings of the Archbi-
biftiop himfelf, as alfo of fome Bihhops, and other "learned men, who
had exercifed their Pens in the late difputes; That there was a ftrange
defign in hand for bringing in superJiition^Popery, and Armintamfirt, to
thefub verfion of theGofpel, and of fupprefling the Religion here by
Laweftablilhed.
But as thefe Reproaches moved not him, fo neither did their Re-
monjlrance, or any other of their Scribbles diffract his Majefties Re-
folutions, until he found himfelf affaulted by a Petition from fome
Lords in the South, which threatned more danger at his back than he
had caufe to fear from the Northern Tempeft which blew directly in
his teeth i Complaint was made in this Petition of the many inconve-
niences which had been drawn upon this Kingdom by his Majcfties
engagings againft the Scots ? as alfo.of the great encreafe of Popery?
the preffing of the prefent payment of ship-money? the diffolving
of former Parliaments ? Monopolies, Innovations, and fome other
grievances.* amongft which the Canons which were made in the late
Convocation could not be omitted. For Remedy whereof his Maje-
fty is defired to call a Parliament, to bring the Authors of the faid
pretended grievances to a legal Trial , and to compote the prefent
War without Bloudthed} Subscribed by the Earls of Effex, Hartford,
Rutland, Bedford , Exeter, Warwick Moulgrave , and Bullingbrooke,
the Lords Say, Mandevil, Brooke? and Howard? prefented to the King
at Ibr^onthe third of September? and feconded by another from the
City of London to the fame effect. His Majefty, being thus between
two Milftones, could find no better way to extricate himfelf out of
thefe perpexlities, than to call the great Council of his Peers, to
whom at their flrft meeting, on the 24 of the fame Month, he figni-
fied his purpofe to hold a Parliament in London on the third of 'Novem-
ber ? and by their Counfel entertained a Treaty with thofe of Scotland,
who building on the confidence which they had in fome Lords of Eng-
land3 had petitioned for it. According unto which Advice a Com-
N million
428 * The Life o/William, &c.
P A.PvT U. miffion is directed to eight Earls, and as many Barons of the English
Aw Dam. Nation, (feven of which had fubfcribed the former Petition) enabling
1 (- 4 o. them to treat with the Scots Commiflioners, to hear their Grievances
tu^s^s+i and Demands, and to report the fame to his Majefty, and the Lords
of his Council. Thefe points being gained, which the Puritan Facti-
on in both Kingdoms had chiefly aimed at, the Scots wereinfolent e-
nough in their Propofhls, requiring freedom of Commerce, Repara-
tion of their former LolTes, and moft efpecially the maintenance of
their Army at the charge of the Erglrjlr-i without which noCeffation
would be harkned to. Satisfaction being given them in their laft De-
mand, and good Aflurances for the two firft, they decline Tor^ as
being unfafefor their Commillioners, and procure Rippon to be named,
for the place of the Treaty ; where the Lord Lieutenant was of lefs
influence then he was at Tor^ and where being further from the
King, they might fhuffle the Cards, and play the Game to their belt
contentment. The reft of O&ober, from the end of the firft week of
it, when they excepted againft Tor^ was drilled on, in requiring
that Come perfons of quality, intruded by the Scottifi Nation, might
have more Offices than he had about his Majefty, and the Queen, and
in the Court of the Prince. That a Declaration might be made for
naturaliizingand fettling the Capacities and mutual Priviledgesof the
Subjects in both Kingdoms : but chiefly that there might be an Unity
andJLlniformity in Church-Government, as a fpecial means for con-
ferving of the Peace between the two Nations. And thus they enter-
tained the time till the beginning of the Parliament, which removed
the Treaty from Rippon to London, where the scots were fureof more
Friends, and of warmer Quarters, than the Northern Counties could
afFordthcm.
In the mean time it maybe asked what became all this while of the
IriJI) Army, confifting of 8000 Foot, and 1000 Horfe, which had been
raifed with fo much^zeal by the Earl of Strafford at the beginning of
the Springs and by the Power whereof (kept ever fince in conftant
pay and continual exercife) his Majefty might have reduced the Scots
to their due obedience, as was declared by the Earl at the Council
Table on May 6. being the next day after the diflblving of the former
Parliament. Which Army if it had been put over into Cumberland
("to which from the Port of Carick^fergus in Ireland is but a fhort and
ea lie pa ft age) they might have got upon the back of the Scots, and
caught the wretched* People in a pretty Pitfall 5 fo that having the En-
glijh Army before them, and the Iriff) behind them, they could not but
be ground to powder as between two Milftones. But this defign, if it
were ever thought of, was never put in execution 5 fo as that Army
was diftblved without doing any thing in order to his Majeftits Ser-
vice: the Commons in the following Parliament not thinking them-
felvcsor their affairs in any fecurity as long as thofe Forces were main-
tained and held together. It may be askt in the next place, why the
Parliament, called at fuch a time, and on fuch an occafion, (that is to
fay, the over-running of the Northern parts of the Kingdom by aScot-
tifl) Army) fhould be held at Wejlminfter'-) when Torl^ (where the
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury.
King was then in Perton)lay nearer to the danger and the Scene of Atti-L I B. V.
on, and to the place of Treaty betwixt the Nations. Thefe Reafons Anm Vom.
were fufficient to have moved the King to hold this Parliament at Tor^ , i 640.
and not at IVeftminfter, had he known nothing of the difatfeftionsand <~<?*"V~,W
engagements of the neighbouring City, as he knew too much. And
he had fome good Prefidents too, which might have added nofmall
weight to the confederation : For when King Edward was bulic in the
Conqueftof Wales, he called his Parliament to Acton Burnel, being in
the Marches of that Country} and when he turned his Forces to the
Conqueft of Scotland, he called his Parliament to Carlijk (if my me-
mory fail me not) Being on the borders of that Kingdom. Had the
King made choice of the like Place for this prefent Parliament (which
he did afterward endeavour to alter when it was too late ("he had
undoubtedly prevented *a!l thofe inconveniences ( or rather mif-
chiefs) which the Pride, Purfe, Faction, and Tumultuoufnefs of the
Londoners, did afterwards inforce upon him. And finally, It might
be asked, What might move his Majefty to transfer the Treaty from
Rippon to London, where the Commiffioners of the Scots were Com-
plemented, Feafted, and prelentcd by the wanton. Citizens ; Their
Lodgings more frequented for Prayers and Sermons, than the houfes
of Foreign EmbaflTadors had ever been for hearing Map by any of the
Englijh Fapifls. By means whereof they had the greater opportunity
to enflame that City, and make it capable of any impreffion which they
thought fit to imprint upon it 5- expreft not long after by their going
down in fuch huge multitudes after, Alderman Vennington, to prefent a
Petition to the Parliament, fubfcribed by fomeThpufands of hands a-
gainft the Government of Bifhops here by Law eftablifht 5 as afterwards
in no lefs number to clamour at the Parliament doors for Jufticeon the
Earl of Strafford, which were the points mod: aimed at by the Scott jJJj
Covenanters. To which no Anfwer can be given, but that all thefe
things were fodifpofed of by the fupreme and over-ruling power- of
the Heavenly Providence, contrary, to, all reafon of State, and Civil
Prudence. iqb 01 Hitaod f
But to proceed, the third of Noveniber drawing on, when the Par-
liament, was to take beginning, A Letter was writ to the Archbifhop
of Canterbury, advertising, that the Parliament of the twentieth year
of King Henry viii. which began in the Fall of Cardinal IVolfey, conti-
nued in the Diminution of the Power and Priviledges of the Clergy,
and endedinthediflblutionof the Abbey* and Religious Houfes, was
begun on the third day of November 5 and therefore that for good-
luck fake he would move the KingtoRefpite thefirft fitting of it for
a day or two longer \ But the Archbifhop not harkning to this Ad-
vertifement, the Parliament had its firft fitting at the time appointed.
Whicli Parliament as it began in the Fall and Ruine of the Archbi-.
(hop htmfelf, and was continued in the total Diffipation of the .re-
maining Rites and Priviledges of the Englijh Clergy h fodid it not end
till it had fubverted the Epifcopal Government, dillolved, as much as
in them was, all Capitular Bodies, and left the Cathedrals of this. Land
(not prefently ruined [ confefs, butj without means to keep them up
I i i for
43°
The Life of W 1 L L * A m
P AKT IL for the time to come. The day appointed being come, his Majefty de-
Anm ~Dom. clined the accuftomed way of riding in a Magnificent Pomp from
1640. Whitehall to the Church of Weftminfter, and making his entry there at
L^"V*W the great Weftern Gate : but rather chofe to pafs thither privately by
water, attended by fuch of the Lords as could accommodate them-
fel ves with convenient Barges. Entring the Church at the Little door
which openeth toward the Eaft, he was received by the Sub-Dean
and Prebendaries under a Canopy of State, and fo conducted to the
place where he heard the Sermon 5 the performance of which work
was commended by his Grace of Canterbury to the Bifhop of Oxon.
and by him learnedly dhtharged. The Sermon being done, his Ma-
jefty, attended by the Peers and Prelates, returned the fame way to
Weffminjier Ball, and from thence went to the Parliament Houfe}
where caufing the Commons to be called before him, he acquainted
both Houfes with the Infolencies committed by the Scots, who not
content toembroyle their own Country had invaded this 5 requiring
their timely affiftants to drive the Rebels out of the Kingdom, ana
cafting himfelfupon the good affections of his Englijh subjects. The
Commons were not more willing to hear that his Majefty was refblv-
ed to caft himfelf wholly on their good affections, than many zea-
lous Patriots feemed to be troubled at it} knowing how ill it forts
with Kings when they have no way to fubfift, or carry on their great
Defigns, but by cafting themfelves wholly on the love of the People.
Thefe on the other fide were no better pleafed with hearing his Maje-
fty call the Scots by the name of Rebels, whom he had too long courted
by the name of his Scottijh Subjetts,t\&x\the Prevailing Members in the
Houfe of Commons were offended at it 5 the name of Rebels rendring
them uncapableof thole many Favours which were deligned them by
that Houfe. And the difpleafure went fo high, that his Majefty finding
into what condition he had caft himfelf, was fain to call both Houfes
(a)Reliqui£ before him within two days after, (a) thereto Explain, or rather to
Caroling Retract fo harfh a Title , calling them afterwards by the name of
P«3» his sub] eels of Scotland as heufed to do 5 which gave the Commons
fuch a fenfe of their Power, and of his Compliance, that they refolv-
ed to husband both to their beft advantage, and not fo eafily to
part with their Friends of Scotland, as his Majefty firft hoped they
would. The differences might have been agreed at Tor^ or Rippcn,
if the Commiftioners of the scots had been as forward as the Englijh 5
but the Scot fo delayed them ( as his Majefty noted in that Speech )
that it was not pojjible to end it there- The Scots had other work to do
befides their own, and muft be kept in pay at the charge of the Englifo,
till they had brought his Majefty into fuch a condition, that it was not
fofeforhim to deny them any thing, which they had the confidence
to require. Such a beginning had this long and unhappy Parliament,
unhappy to the King, and to all that loved his Power or Perfon } moft
men who looked on his Affairs with the eye of judgment, prefaging
that this thrifty omiflion of the Publick Pomp in the prefent Conjun-
ctures, would prove as inaufpicious to him as the like neglect had done
at his Coronation 5 and that this Parliament which began without
folem-
Lord ^Archbifhop of Canterbury.
(blemnity would prove a Parliament of forrovvs unto him and his. L I B. V.
With little better Fortune did the Convocation take beginning at Anno T>om.
St. Pauls Church on the morrow after, handfelled at their fir ft meeting I 6.4 o.
by the fad news of the Deceafe of Dv.Neile, Archbifhop of Tork^, which i^V^J
had been brought unto the Town the day before. A man he was who
had part through all Degrees and Orders in the Church of England,
and thereby made acquainted with the conveniencies, or diftreffes,
incident to all conditions. He had ferved the Church as Schoolmafter,
Curate, Vicar, Parfon, Mafter of the Savoy, Dean of Weflminfler,
Clerk of the Clofet to both Kings fucceffively, Bifhop of Rochester,
Lichfield, Lincoln, Durham, and Winchefter, and finally, Archbifhop
of TorJ^, in which place he died. Many good Offices he had done to
the Church and Church-men in his attendance at the Court, eroding
the Scots in moft of their fuits, their Ecclefiaftical Preferments,which
greedily and ambitioufly they hunted after, and thereby drawing on
himfelf the general hatred not only of the Scots, but Scotizing Eng-
lifij. But of this Prelate we have fpoke fo much upon other occasi-
ons, that we may fave the labour of any further addition, than that
he died as full of years as he was of honours, an affectionate Subject,
to his Prince, an indulgent Father to his Clergy, a bountiful Patron
to his Chaplains, and a true friend to all which relied upon him j more
fortunate in the time of his death than the courfe of his life, in being
prevented by that blefled opportunity from feeing thofe calamities
which afterwards fell upon the King, the Church, and all that wifh
well to either of them 5 which muft have been more grievous to him
than a thoufand deaths. But this bad news retarded not the Convo-
cation from proceeding forwards, the Prelates and Clergy attending
the ArchbiQiop from the Chapter-houfe into the Choire, where they
heard the Sermon, Preached at the time by Bargrave then Dean of
Canterbury 5 which done, the Clergy fetfed to the choice of a Prolo-
cutor, eleding the fame man who had before difcharged the Place
with fo much dexterity. Adjourned to Wefiminfler, and Proteftation
made by the Sub- Dean and Prebends, according to the ufual cuftom,
the Prolocutor was prefented to the Archbifhop and Bifhops in the
Chappel of King Henry vii. at what timetheArchbifhopinan eloquent
but fad Oration, bemoaned the infelicities which he faw hanging over
theChurch, advifing every one there prefent to perform their Duties,
and not to be wanting to themfelves, or the caufe of Religion, as far
forth as they were concerned in their feveral places. Nothing more
done of any moment in this Convocation, but that a motion was
made by War mi fire, one of the Clerks for the Diocefs of Wonefier,
to this effect 3 viz. That they fhould endeavour (according to the
Levitical Laws) to cover the Tit which they had opened, and to prevent
their Adverfaries intention by condemning fuch offenfive Canons as
were made in the laft Convocation. He had before offered at many
things in that Convocation, butfuch was his ilMuck, that the Vote
was for the moft part paffed before he fpake} nor had he better fortune
in his motion now5than his offers therKthe Members of that houfe not be-
ing willing to condemn themfelves till they were accufed. So that not
I ii 2 having
The Life p/William
pAfvT II. having any other way to obtain hispurpofe, he caufed a Jong Speech,
Anno Vom which he had made upon this occafion, to be put in Print $ bitter
i 6 4 o. enough againft fome Canons and Proceedings in the former Seftion :
v_^"\/^>J but fuch as could not fave him from a Sequeftration, when the reft of
the Clergy were brought under the feme condition.
Whilft thefe thing were afting on the Stage of IVejiminfler, the
Earl of Strafford was not Idle in a&ing his part ztTork^, amongft the
Souldiers, whofearTe&ions hehad gained fofar, that he was generally
beheld with efteem and veneration. He had before fufficient proof,
how ftrongly the Scots aimed at his deftru&ion, exprefled in their
tvemonftrance, and the Intentions of their Army, f as they called the
Pamphlet) but more efpecially by the refufal of the Scots Commiffio-
ners to hold the Treaty at Tor^, and the reafons given for their re-
fufal 5 for in a Paper of theirs, prefented on October 8. They had in-
filled on the danger apprehended by them in going to York, and cajiing
themfelvcs and others, who might be joyned with them, into the hands
of an Army commanded by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, againji
whom (at a chief Incendiary according to their demands, which was the
fubjett of the treaty it felf) they refdved to proceed. They complained
alfo in that Paper, That in the Parliament of Ireland,he had proceeded
againft them as Traytor and Rebels^ That he honoured them in his
common talk with no better Titles: That his Commiffion was to de-
ftroy them $ And that by all means, and by all occasions, he bad
hindred all Propositions tending to a Pacification, for fear himfelf
might be excluded from the benefit of it. He was not without a
ftrong prefumption, that the Scots were animated unto thofe De-
mands, and incouraged to invade the Kingdom, by fome of thofe
which were of greateft Prevalency in both Houfes of Parliament.
And lying fo near the scots, in the head of his Army, hehad not only
gained ailurance (as he conceived) in many particulars to confirm it,
but that there was a Confederacy made between the Heads of the
Covenanters and fome of the leading Members of both Houfes, his
moft Capital Enemies, to fubjeel: the Government of the Church, and
innovate in that of the Civil State} which Intelligence being dige-
fted into the Form of an Impeachment, he intended to prefent to the
Houfe of Peers as foonashe had taken his place amongft them : and
to that end prepared for his laft Journey to London, from whence he
never was to return alive. Calling together fome of his erpecial
F(riends, and many of the chief Officers and Commanders which re-
mained in the Army, he made them acquainted with his purpofe of
going to IVejiminfler to attend the Parliament, leaving to them the
Charge of bis Majeftics Forces, and the preferving of thofe parts
from the fpoyl of the Enemy. An Enterprife from which he was
diflwaded by moft of his Friends, alledging that he could not chufe
but know, that the Scots, and Scotizing EngliJJ) had moft infalliby re-
lolved on his deftrufrion 5 and that innocency was no Armour of
Proof againft the fiery Darts of malicious Power 3 That feeing fuch
a ftorm hang over his head, rather keep himfelf in the Englijk- Army,
(being under his Command, which he had gained upon exceedingly
by
Lord^ArchbiJbop of Canterbury.
by his noble carriage) or pafs oyer into Ireland, where the Army LIB. IV.
retted wholly at his Devotion 5 or tranfport himfelf to fome Foreign Anno Vom,
Kingdom, till fairer weather here (in reference to his own fafety and 1640.
the publick peace) Ihould invite him home 5 That it was no betray-^-^V^*
ing of his innocency to decline a Trial where Partiality held the
Scales, and Self-ends backt with Power, and made blind with Pre-
judice, were like to over-ballance Juftice} That if Sentence (hould
Departed againft him for default of appearance (which was the worft
that could befalhimjyet he would then keep his head on his- (boulders
until better times, and in the mean feafon might do his Majefty as
good Service in the Courts of many Foraign Princes, as if he were
lifting in White-hall at the Council-Table.
Turning a deaf ear to thefe confederations, he Refolved toprofe-
cute his defign, but was fcarceentred into the Houfe of Peers, when
followed at the heels by ?ym (whom it concerned as much as any)
who fearing or knowing his intendments, impeacht him of high Trea-
fon, in the name of all the Commons of England, requiring in their
names that he might be fequeftred from the Houfe, and Committed
toCuftody. And here again it was conceived that the Earl (hewed
not that prafentiam animi, that readinefs of Courage and Refoluti-
on, which formerly had conducted him through fo many difficulties,
in giving over his defign 5 For though he loft the opportunity of
ftrikingthe firftblow, yet he had time enough to ftrike the fecond,
which might have been a very great Advantage to his prefervation.
For had he offered his impeachment, and profecuted it in the fame
paces and method as that was, which was brought againft him, it is
poffible enough that the bu(ine(s on both (ides might have been hurtl-
ed up without hurt to either. And for fo doing he wanted not a
fair Example in the fecond Parliament of this King, when the Earl
of Briftol being impeached of high Treafon by the Kings Attorney
at theinftance and procurement of the Duke of Buckingham, retorted
prefently a recrimination or impeachment againft the Duke, and by
that means took off the edge of that great Adversary from proceed-
ing further. Nor gave it little caufe of wonder unto many wife
men, that a perfon of fo great Spirit and knowledge, (hould give
himfelf up fo tamely on a general accufation only, without any par-
ticular Acfof Trealbn.charged upon him, or any proof offered to make
good that charge^ not only to the lofs of his Liberty as a private
Perfon : but to the forfeiture of his Priviledge as a Member of Parlia-
ment. But the impeachment being made, his Reftraint defired, and
nothing by him offered to the Contrary, he Was committed the fame
day (Novemb. M.) to the Cuftody of the Gentleman VjJjer, called
the Black-rod, and not long after to the Tower 5 Sir George Rctcliff
one of his efpecial confidents, being prefently fent for out of Ireland
by a Serjeant at Arms, as concriminal with him. In this condition
he remained, till the 16th of December, without any particular Charge
againft him y Which at the laft was brought into the Houfe of Peers
by the scots, and prefented in their Names by Lord Paget one of the
Members of that Houfe. In which they did inform againft him, in
reference
434 The Life o/William
PART II. reference to matters which concerned Religion., that in promoting
AmoVom. the late pretended Innovations he had been as forward as Canterbury
1640. himfelf; and to that end had preferred his Chaplain Bramhall to the
See of Derrie, and Chappel to the Colledge of Dublin 5 that he had
threatned to burn the Articles of Ireland, agreed upon in Convoca-
tion Anno 161%. by the hand of the Hangman, and would not hearken
to the Primate, when he defired a Ratification of them by Aft of
Parliament, for preventing and fupprefling the faid Innovations 5 that
he countenanced divers books againft them and their Covenant,
which were Printed at Dublin , and caufed all Perfons above the age of
fixteen years, to abjure the faid Covenant by a folemn Oath, or other-
wife to belmprifoned or to flye that Kingdom , that at his laft coming
into England he had openly laid, that if ever he returned unto the
Honourable Sword he would not leave any of the Scots in that King-
dom, their Root or Branch h and that he did advife the great Council
of Peers aflembled at Tork^, to fend them back again in their own
blood, and that he might whip them out of England.
In furtherpurfuance of this Charge, it was preft againft him in the
Articles Exhibited by the Houfe of Commons on the 16th of February
('for fo long it was, before he heard any more news from them) That
he maintained a correfpondence with the Papifts of Ireland, endea-
voured to raifehoftility between England and Scotland, and had con-
fented to the betraying of Nerv-Cajile into the hands of the ,SV 0// 3 to
the end that the EngliJI) being netled by Co great a lofs, might be more
Cordially engaged in the War againft them 5 that he gave a Warrant
under his hand to fome Bifhops in the Church of Ireland, and their
Chancellors and other Officers, to arreft the Bodies of fuch of the
meaner fort, as after Citation, fhould refufe to appear before them,
or fhould refute to undergo and perform all lawful decrees and fen-
tences, given or iffuedout againft them, and the faid perfons to keep
in the next Common Gaol, till their Submiflion to the faid Orders
and Decrees, and otherwife (hew fome Reafon to the Contrary to
the Lords of the Counfel 5 that in the Month of May in the year 1659.
he caufed a new Oath to be contrived, Enforced efpecially upon thofe
of the Scottijh Nation in the Realm of Ireland, by which the party
was obliged to Renounce the Covenant, and to fwear that he would
not Proteft againft any of his Majefties Royal Commands, but fub-
mit himfelf in all obedience thereunto, and had put divers grievous
fines upon many of them on their Refufal of the fame 5 that he required
the like Oath for the Obfervation of all Rites and Ceremonies then
eftablifhed, or from thenceforth to be eftablifhed, by the Kings Au-
thority, fay ing, that he would profecute all Repugners of them to the
very Blood. The Reft of the Articles relating unto Civil matters I
omit of purpofe, as neither being pertinent or proper to myPrefent
Hiftory j obferving only in this place, that for the better carrying on
of their charge againft him, they had gained two points, more ne-
ceflary to be craved than fit to be granted 5 The firft was (which they
carried in the Houfe of Lords by a Major Vote) that no Bifhop fliould
be of that Committee for the Preparatory Examinations in the pre-
Lord Arckbifhop of Canterbury. 435
fentcafe, under colour that they were excluded from acting in it by L I B. V-
fome Antient Canons, as inCaufa fanguinis , or the caufe of blood 5 Awto Vom-
concerning which a brief difcourfe entituled De jure Paritatis Epifto- 1640.
forum, was prefented to his Grace of Canterbury, and fome other Bi- ^^V^J
(hops for alTerting all their Rights of Peerage fand this of being of that
Committee amongft the reftj which either by Law or Ancient
Cuftom did belong unto them. The fecond ' was that the Lords of
the Council (hould be examined upon Oath, for any thing which was
faid or done by the Earl of Strafford at the Council Table, Which
being yielded by the Ring 5 though tending vifibly to the Derogation
of his Power, and the discouragement of all fuch as either were or
{hould be of his Privy Council, the Archbifhop was acccordingly
Examined on December 4th being the next day after the faid Con-
defcenfion.
Nor was it long before the like Oath was required and obtained
by them againft the Archbilhop himfelf, being the next man whom
the Scots^&nd their Confederates in both houfes, had an eye upon.
He knew there was fome danger coming toward him by the (aid com-
bination, but thought not at the firft it would reach fo far, as to touch
his Life. The moft he looked for, as he told the Author of thefe
Collections on the fecond or third day after the beginning of the Par-
liament, was to be fequeftred from his Majefties Councils, and con-
fin'dto hisDiocefs, to which he profeft himfelf as willing as any of
his Enemies were defirous of it. As it feems his Enemies at the firft had
no further thoughts.For it appeareth by a paflTage in his Diary ^xh^t on
Thurfday December 24. four Earls of Great Power in the Upper Houfe
declared unto a Parliament man, that they were refolved to Seque-
fter him only from the KiDgs Council,and deprived him of the Archie-
pilcopal dignity, and no more then fb$ which though it were too
much, and favoured of two little Ju(tice to fo be refolved before any
particular charge was brought againft him: yet I confideras an Ar-
gument of their firft intentions, that they aimed not at his Life, but
athisremoval. In order whereunto it was thought expedient, that
his Majefty ftiould be moved to releafe the Biftiop of Lincoln from his
long Imprifonment, and to reftore him to his place in the houfe of
Peers; knowing full well how Active anlnftrument they werefure
tofind him, by reafonof fome former grudges, not only againft the
Archbifhop but the Earl of Strafford. Which motion being made
and granted he was conducted into the Abby Church by fix of the Bi-
ftiops, and there officiated (it beingaday of Humiliation) as Dean of
Weftminfter'-) more honoured at the firft by the Lords and Commons,
then ever any of his Order, his perfon looked upon as Sacred, his
words deemed as Oracles. And be continued in this height, till having
ferved their turn againft the Archbifhop, and the Lord Lieutenant,
he began fenfibly to decline, and grew at laft to be generally the moft
hated man of all the Hierarchy. Orders are alfo made by the Houfe
of Commons for releafing fiich as were Imprifoned by the Star-Cham-
her, Council-Table, ox tiigh-Commiffion'^ and more particularly for the
remanding of Baftrvick^ Prynne, and Burton^ from the feveral rflands,
to
43 6 The Life of William
PART If- to which they were before confined. Upon which general Goal-
Anno Vom> delivery, Burton and Frynne had fo contrived it as to come together,
1640- met on their way as far zsBrainford by fome thoufands of the Puritan
L^"V^W Fa&ion out of London ,and Southward and by them filently conducted
with Bays and fVofemary in their hands, to .their feveral Houfes to
the Intolerable affront of the Courts of Juftice, and his Majefties Go-
vernment, his Majefty conniving at the infoiency or not daring to
punilh it. Not well repofed after the toil and trouble of fo long a
journey, Prynne, joyns himfelf with Bagftarv before remembred, and
both together are admitted to a private conference with the Bilhop
of Lincoln in the beginning of December, which boded no great good
to the Church or State, or any who had formerly appeared in defence
of either.
Thefe preparations being made, the Project was carried, on a main 5
For on the 16th of that month the Canons made in the late Convoca-
tion, were condemned in the Houfe of Commons, as being againft
the Kings Prerogative, the Fundamental Laws of the Realm ', tfae Liberty
and Property of the SubjeB,and containing divers other, things tending ta
Sedition, and of dangerous Confluence. A Vote was aifo paft for
making Canterbury the Principal Author of the fatd Cations % for a
Committee to be nominated to enquire into all his former AftionsT}
and for preparing a Bill againft all thofe of the faid Convocation by
whom thefe Canons were fubfcribed: buttheforrowsofthatday, did
not end there neither. For on the fame, a charge was laid againft
him in the houfe of Peers by the Scots Commiffioners (that being the
day in which they had accufed the Earl of Strafford) for doing ill
offices, and being an Incendiary between the Nations. And in pur-
fuance of the plot, on Friday the 18th of the fame Moneth, he was
Impeacht by Hollis in the name of all the Commons of England, of no
lefs then Treafon} and thereupon, without any particular charge a-
gainfthim, he was committed to the cuftody of the Gentleman UCher,
leaveonly being granted him, to repair to his houfe at Lambeth, for
the Collecting of fuch Papers as were neceflaryfor his Juftification.
At Mixvoells houfe (for fo was the Ufher of the Black- Rod called J
he remained ten weeks, before fo much as any General charge againft
hinij was brought up to the Lords. During which time he gained fo
much on the good opinion of the Gentlewoman of the Houfe, that
(he-reported him to fome of her Goflips, to be one of thegoodeft men,
andmoft Pious Souls, but with all one of the fillieft fellows to hold
talk with a Lady that ever (he met with in all her life. Onthe'26 oiFeb.
This charge was brought up to the Lords by vane the younger, con-
fiding of fourteen General Articles, which Oenerals he craved time
to prove in particular 3 and thereupon a Vote was palled for trans-
mitting the Friloner to the Tower, with leave however to remain at
MtiKwdr* till x\\t Mnnday following. Which day being come, he.
was conveyed in Maxwells Coach without any difturbance, till he
came to the end of Cheapjide, from whence he was followed by a rail-,
ing Rabble of rude and uncivvl People, to the very Gates of the
Tower: Where having taken up his Lodging, and fetled his fmall
Family
Lord lArcbbijhopof Canterbury.
Family in Convenient Rooms, he diligently relorted rorhepubhek LIB. V.
Chappel of that place at all times of Worlhip, being- prefent at the Anno Votn-
Prayers and Sermons, and forrtetim.es hearing himfelf uncivilly reviled, 1640.
and pointed at as it were, by ibme factious Preachers, fent thither of l^V^m
purpofe todifgraceand vex him. All which Indignities he endured
with fuch Chrillian meekneft,as rendred him oie of the great Examples
both of Patience and Piety in thefe latter Times.
The principal things contained in the Charge of the scots Commif-
fioners, were thefe that follow 5 viz,. That he hid \ prefi d upon that
KirJ^ many Innovations in Religion ,, contained in the Liturgie and Bocl^
of Canons, contrary to the Liberties and Laws thereof That he h>td writ-
ten many Letters to Ballcntine FJjhop of Dumblane, and Dean of the
Kings Chappel in Scotland, in which he required him and the refii of the
Bijhops to be prefnt at the Divine Service in their Whites, and blamed
the faid Bijhop for his negligence and jl icl^nefis in it., and taxing him for
Preaching Orthodox Do&rine ag.iinjl Arminianifm, That he hid caufied
the faid EifiJop to be reprehended for commanding a Solemn Fafi to be
l{ept in his Diocefs on the Lords day, as if they had offended in it againfi
Chriflianity it fie If i That he gave order for the takjng down of Stone
Walls and Galleries in the Churches of Edenborough, to no other end
but for the fitting up, of A' tars, and Adoration toward the Eafi) That
for their Supplicating againfi thefic Novations, they were encountred by him
with terrible Proclamations f ont his Mtjefly, declared Rebels in all the
Tarifh -Churches /^England, andd War kindled againfi them by his Arts
And Practices \ That after the Pacification made at Berwick, be frequent-
ly fpake again Jl it as dijlwnourablc, and unfit to be kept'-, their Covenant
by him called ungodly, and divers Oaths impofied upon their Countrymen;
to abjure the fame } That he fipared not in the prefience of the Kimr and
their Commrffioners to rail againjl the Gcner.d Ajfembly held at Giafco,
and put his Hand unto a Warrant for Imprifoning fiomeof tkofc Cowmijji-
eners, fie nt from the Parliament of Scotland for the Peace of both Nati-
ons'-, That when the late parliament could not be moved to ajjijl in the
War againfi them, lie had caufied the fame to be dijjolved, and continued
the Convocation t& viake Canons againfi them and their DcUrines, to be
fublifiyed four times in every year'-, That he had caufied fix Subsidies to be
Leviedon the Clergie for maintaining the War, and Prayer to be made in
all Parijlj -Churches, That (hame might cover their faces, as Enemies
to God and the King : And finally., That he was fib induflrious in advan-
cing Popery in all the three Kingdoms , that the Pope himfelf could not
have been, more Popijh, hadhe been in his place. Such was the Charge
exhibited by the 6*c<tf/ CommiffioncRo in which was nothing criminal
enough to deferve Imprifonment, much left to threaten him with
Death. And as for that brought up from the Houfe of Commons,
it confifted of fourteen General Articles, as before was faid, ulher-
ed in with a Abort Preamble made by Pym, and (hut up with a larg-
er Aggravation of the Offences comprehended in the feveral Arti-
cles 5 the fubftanceof which Articles was to this effect: 1. That
he had Traiteroufly endeavoured to fitbvert the Fundamental Laws of the
Realm 3 to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government , and to
Kkk per-
438 The Life o/William
PAKT II. perfwade hisMajefty, That he might Lawjully raife Money of the Subjeft,
AriwVom. without their common Confent in Parliament. 2. That to this end he had
1-6 4 c. caufcd divers Sermons to be Preached, and Books to be Printed, againji
^^^^ the Authority of Parliaments, and for afferting an abfohte and unlimited
Power over the Perfons and Goods of the Subje&s, to be not only in the
King; but alfo in himfelf and the reft of the Bifjops , and had been a great
Promoter of fuch by whom the faid Books and Sermons had been made
and pubfifed. • 3. That by fever al Mefages, Letters, Threatnings, &C.
he hid interrupted and perverted the Courfe ofjujlice in Weftminfter-
WaW, whereby fnndry of his Majejiies Subjects had been jlopp'd in their
jffji Suits, and thereby made fubje& to his will. 4. Thai he had traite-
r on fly and corruptly fold Juflice to fitch at had Caufes depending before
him, and taken unlawful Gifts and Bribes of his Majejiie's Subje&s 5 and
had advi fed and procured his Majefly to fell Places of Judicature and
other Offices. 5. That he had caufed a Book^of Canons to be Compofed
and Piiblif)cd without lawful Authority, in which were many things con-
tained contrary to the Kings Prerogative, the Fundamental Laws, &cc.
and had caufed many of the fame to fnrreptitioufy paffed, and afterwards
by fear and con/pulton to be fubferibed by the Prelates and Clerks there
affe muled, notwithstanding they had never been Voted and Paffed in the
Convocation. 6. That he hath ajfumed to him a Papal and Tyrannical
Power, both in Eccleijajiical and Temporal Matters, over his Majeflies
Subjects in this Realm, and other places, to the difjerijon of the Crown,
drfonour of his Majefty, and derogation of his Supreme Authority in
Ecclefiajlical Matters. 7. That he had endeavoured to alter and fubvert
Gods true Religion, by Law ejiablifoed in this Realm, and injiead there-
of to Jet up Popifh Superjiition and Idolatry 5 and to that end had main-
tained many Popif) Do&rines, enjoy ned many Popifl) and Superjiitious
Ceremonies, and cruelly vexed and persecuted fuch as refujed to conform
unto them. 8. That in order thereunto he had intruded ints the Rights
of many of his Majejiies Officers and Subje&s, in procuring to himfelf
the Nomination of divers Perfons to Ecclefiajlical Benefices 5 and had
taken upon him the commendation of Chaplains to the King, promoting
and commending none but fuch as were Popifhly affe&'ed, or otherwife un-
foundin Do&rine, or corrupt in Manners. 9. That to the fame intent he
had chofen fuch tnen to be his Chaplains, whom he kpew to be notorioujly
dififjc&edto the Reformed Religion '■> and had committed unto them, or
fomeof them, the Licenfing of Books to be Printed, whereby many falje
and Super jlitions Books had been Publifjed, to the great fc an dal of Reli-
gion, and the feducing of many of his Majejiies Subje&s. Io. That he
y.iad endeavoured to rconcile the Church of England to the Church of
Rome, confederating to that end with divers Popif) Priejis and Jejitites,
holding Intelligence with the rope, and permitting a Popif) Hierarchy or
Ecclefiajiical Government to be ejiablified in this Kingdom. II. That
in his own Perfbn, and by others under his Command, he had caufed di-
vers Godly and Orthodox Minijiers of Gods Word to be Silenctd,Sufpend-
t d, and otherwife grieved, w7thout any lawful or jufi caufe, kindred the
Preaching of Gods Word, cherif)ed Prophanenefs and Ignorance, amongfl
the Ptofrk) and compelled many of his Majejiies Subje&s to forfake the
Kingdom.
Lord zArcbbijhop of Canterbury. 439
Kingdom. 12. That he had endeavoured to cauje difcord between the LIB. V.
Church of England, and other Reformed Churches j and to that end had Anno Vom,
Jupprejfed and abrogated the Privi ledges and Immunities which had been 1640.
by- his Majejly and his Royal Ancejiors granted to the Dutch and French <-^V^*
Churches in this Kingdom. 1%. That he had endeavoured to Jlir up War be-
tween his Mzjetfies Kingdoms ^England and Scotland andto thatend
had laboured to introduce into the Kingdom of Scotland divers Innova-
tions both in Religion and Government : for their refufing whereof he
firfi advifed his Mijefty to fubdue them by force of Arms, and afterwards
to breah^the Pacification m tde between the Kingdoms 5 forcing the Clergie
to contribute toward the Maintenance of the War. 14. And finally, That
to prejerve himfelf from being quejlioned for thefe And other his traiterous
courfes, he had laboured to divert the ancient courfe of Parliamentary
Proceedings , and by falfe and malicious Jlanders to incenfe his Majejly
again fi Parliaments. This was the fubftance of the Charge, to which
afterwards they added other which were more Particulars, when
they found themfelves ready for hisTryal, Anno 1644. ar)d there we
(hall hear further of them. I note here only by the way, That one of
thofe which had been added to make up the Tale, and create a greater
hatred of him, as Jelling Jufiire, talking Bribes, Sec. (Tor which never
any Man of Place and Power was more clearly innocent) was found
fo far unfit for a Profecution, that it was fupprefled. An excellent
Evidence of his Integrity and tlprightnefs, in fucha long continued
courfe of Power and Favour.
But Sorrows feldom come alone. The Danger firfi:, and afterwards
the queftioning of fo great a Prelate, left the Church open to the Af-
faults of a potent FacYion, and the poor Clergy deftituteofa conftant
Patron. The firft AflCault againftthe Church, was made at St. Mar-
garets Church in IVeJlminfter, on a day of Publick Humiliation, No-
vember 17. the fame on which theBifliop of Lincoln was re-eftated
withfuch Triumph in the Abby-church : At what time the Minifter
Officiating the Second Service at the Communion-Table, according
to the ancient Cuftom, was unexpectedly interrupted by the naming "
andfingingof a Pfalm, tothegreat amazement of allfober and well-
minded men. And at the Meeting of fome Anabaptijls to the num-
ber of 80. at a Houfe in Southward it was Preached, That the Sta-
tute 35 Eliz,. for refraining t'he Queens Majejlies Subjects in their due
obedience, was no good Law, becaufe made by Biflhops, ftriking at
once both at the Liturgie ana Government of the Church by Law
eftabliftied. TheBifhops left out of the Committeefor Examinati-
ons, in the bufinefsof the Earl of Strafford'-) and in all other Com-
mittees, by the fraud and artifice of the Clerk of the Parliament, not
named infuch proportion to the Temporal Peers, as had beenaccu-
ftomed. The fame Clerk at the Reading offuch Bills as came into
that Houfe, turned his back toward them in difdain, that they might
not diftin&ly hear what he read 5 as if their confentingor diilenting
to the point in queftion, had been judged unneceffary. And to pre-
pare the way the better for their Declination, Pennington attended,
by fome hundreds of the Raskle Rabble, prefents a Petition to the
Kkk 2 Corr^
Llhe Life of W illiam
i'ART [[.Commons, inthename>of theCity of London, fubfcribed by 15000
Anno ZW hands of feveral qualities, molt of them indigent in Eftate, and of
1^40. known difafFeftions to the prefent Government. In which Petition
v-x^^v^j it tvas prayed, That the Government of Bifhops might be abolifhed ;
That Rites and Ceremonies might be prefs'dno longer upon the con-'
fcienccsof the weak 5 and that many other things at which they found
themfelves grieved, might be alio abrogated. After which followed
many bitter Speeches made againft them by the Lord FaulQand, Bag-
paw, White, and others, in the Houfe of Commons 5 by the Lords
Say and Brooke in the Houfe of Peers 5 by Broo\ alone in a Printed
Pamphlet, in which he reproacheththem as born of the Dregs of the
People: thenamesof the Lords Spiritual bein£defpitefully left out of
all Bills which pafled this Seflibn, to (hew how infignificant they were
in an Aft of Parliament. Andall this feconded by many Petitions of
like nature, in the name of many whole Counties and Populous Cities,
and in their names prefented to the Houfes of Parliament 5 though the
faid Petitions, for the moft part, wete never either feenor heard of
by thegreateft and moft considerable number ofthofe in whofe names
thev were fubfcribed. Which coming to his Majefties knowledge, he
called both Houftsunto Whitehall, January 25. "Where he informed
" them of the Diftraftions that were then occasioned through the con-
ccnivenceof the Parliament, there being fomemen who mdremalici-
- ccou(ly than ignorantly, would put no difference between Reforma-
tion and Alteration of Government, from whence it came, thatDi-
" vine Service was irreverently interupted, and Petitions'm an indirect
" way procured and prefented; That he was willing to concur with
"them for reforming all Innovations both in Church and Common^
• " wealth, and for reducing all things to the fame condition in which
"they ftood in thebeftand happieft times of Queen Elizabeth; That
"he could not but take notice of many Petitions given in the name
"of divers Counties, againft the eftablifhed Government of the
"Church 5 and of the great threatnings againft the Bifhops, That
" they will make them to be but Cyphers, or at leaft their Voices to
"betaken away ; That if upon ferious debate, they could (hew him
"that the Bilhopshad fome Temporal Authority not fo neceflary for
"the Government of the Church, and upholding Epifcopal Jurifdi-
" ftion, he would not be unwilling to defire them to lay it down :
cc And finally, If they had encroached too much upon the Tempora-
" lity, he was content that all Abufes 0/ that kind flhould be redrefs'd 5
" and that he would go with them fo far, and no further. And to fay
truth, it concerned the King to lookabout him, when hisown Regal
Power, not that of the Bifliops only, was fo openly ftrook at; it
being Preached by the faid Anabaptifts but the Week before, That
he could not make a. good Law, becaufe not P ERF EC TL T REG E-
N ERATE, and was only to be obeyed in Civil Matters. But all this
little edified with fuch of the Lords and Commons as had the car-
rying on of the Plot againft Epifcopacy : they found the temper of
the Ring; and having got him on the Anvilc, they refolved to ham-
mer him.
♦ As
440
LordiArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 441
As an Expedient to the Work, it was found neceflary to queftion L | g. v.
and di (grace all thofe, who cither had been adive in advancing thofe Anno Vom.
Publick Orders, which were now branded by the name of Tnnovati- i 6 4 q.
onsor otherwife induftrious in his Majefties Service 5 fome to be ft-
crificed tothe pleafure of particular Perfons, others to Qtisfie the fur
ry or difcontentments of the People generally. Of the firft fort were
Pockjington and Bray, both Dofrors in Divinity 5 the firft of late made
Chaplain in Ordinary to the King, the fecond Chaplain of long time
to the Archbifhop of Canterbury. This laft had Licenced two of Pocks
lingtens Books, the one being a Sermon Preached at a Vifitation be-
fore the BiQiopof Lincoln, the other a Difcourfe of Altars, and the
moft proper fituation of the Lords Table, in which were many Paf-
fages againft that Bifhop : To pacifie which offended Deity, Podding-
ton muft be facrificed on his own Altar, deprived of all his Preferments
at the prefent, and made uncapable of receiving others for the time
to come : Bray being enjoyned to Preach a Recantation-Sermon in
St. Margarets Church , and therein to retrafr one and thirty Arcles
which the Bifhop had collected out of thofe Books, Heylyn had been
Petitioned againft by Pryune at his firft coming home, as a fubfervient
inftrument guilder the Archbifhop himfelf) of all his Sufferings 5 and
was kept four days in Examination : but finally difrmJs'd without
fhame or Cenfure. Cofens ("informed againft by Smart (who had
been deprived for his factious fnconformity, of fome good Preferments
in the Bifhoprick and Church of Durham') was under a great Storm
at firft : but being one that would not fhrink in the wetting, he ftood
ftoutly to it, and in conclufion was difmiffed without any other lots
but of Time and Charges. The like happened alfo unto Heytvood Vicar
of St. Giles's in the Fields, Squireof St. Leonard's in shoreditch, and
Finch of chrijl-church. The Articles againft which four, and fome
others more, being for the moft part of the fame nature and effect, as
namely, Railing in the Communion-Table, Adoration toward it. Cal-
ling up the Parifhioners to the Rail to receive the Sacrament, R ead*
ingthe Second Service at the Table fo placed. Preaching in Surplices
and Hoods, Adminiftring the Sacrament in Copes, Beautifying and
Adorning Churches with Painted Glafs, and others of the like condi-
tion } which either were to be held for Crimes in the Clergy gene-
rally, orelfe accounted none in them. And though the Informatio'ns
were fo flight and inconfiderable, that none of thofe who were
impeached, could legally be made obnoxious to any Punifhment} and
that the credit of the Informers, not proved by Oath (which the Com-
mons had no power to givej was the chief ground of their Proceed-
ings : yet that thefe poor men might appear more monftrous in the eye
of the World, the Articles againft Pockjington, Cejens, Heyrvood, squire,
Finch, &c. were ordered to be put in Print ,, without care taken (i)Ju^jK--
whether they were true or not. They knew full weli, that when dirt calumnian,
was once thrown upon any man, (a) fome of it muft needs ftick upon "ece(f* <J »*
him, or about his Garments, how careful foever he might be to wipe a tcltaa']^
It off. j
This courfe they alfo held with the Bifhop of Ely, impeaching him 1 6 4 tl
of
442 The Life of William
PART II. of many pretended Mifdemeanors in the See of Norwich^viz. That he
Anno Vom. deprived or baniftied within the fpace of two years, fifty godly, learned,
i 6 4 i. ptmfulyMimfters^ His placingthe Communion-Table Altar-wife,and
yu^/^»J caufing a Rail to be fet before it . The practicing of Supcrftition in
Report of the Qwn perforu bowing toward it, Confecrating the Bread and
Wren! Wine at the Weft-fide of the Table, with his back toward the Peo-
ple, and elevating the fame above his head, that the People might
. fee it, (which laft Points, as they made moft noile, fo they found leaft
proof) caufing the Seats in all places to be fo contrived, that the Peo-
ple muft of neceffity kneel toward the Eaft, according to the pious
Cuftomof thePrimitive Times ? Turning all afternoons Sermons in-
to Catechifings by Queftion and Anfwer,. according to the Kings
In fir uB ions? Appointing no Prayer to be ufed by Preachers before
their Sermons, but that prefcribed by the 'Canon ; and that the
Bells fhould give no other warning for Sermons, than they did
for Prayers, that the People might refort unto the Church at all
times alike, as by the Laws and Statutes of the Realm they were
bound to do. In confideration whereof, it was refolved upon
the Queftion to be the Opinion of that Houfe, That the (aid
Bifhop was unfit.to hold or exercife any Office or Dignity in the
Church or Commonwealth : and that a Meffage (hould be fent
to the Lord*, defiring them to joyn with the Commons in Petition-
ing his Majefty to remove him both from his Perfon and Service.
By which this wife Prelate underftood, that his nearnefs to the Kings
Perfon was his greateft Crime} and thereupon, in imitation of the
Cafcor ("having firft obtained his Majefties confent thereto) he dif-
continued that attendance which might occafion more danger to
him than it brought in profit. Which Profecutions of the Clergy,
but this laft especially, have brought me unto the year 1641. Which
brought more trouble to the Country Clergy than the laft year had
done to thofe which lived in London. The Committee Authorifedby
the Houfe of Commons for Affairs of Religion, finding their work
begin to fail them, and that Lnformtaions came not up fo faft as had
been expecled, difpatched Infiru&ion's into all parts of the Kingdom
for an enquiry to be made into the Lives and A&ions of the Clergy in
their feveral Parifties. And thatthe Inquifition might be madewith
the greater diligence, not only fitch us were in Authority, but every
ingenious Per/on was required to be very a&ive in improving the prefint
opportunity, by giving true Information of all the Parif)es in their fi-
vera I Counties. I know it was pretended by the (aid InfiruBions, that
enquiry (hould be made into Pluralities and defeB of maintenance, as
well as into fiandalous and unprcaching Minifters; yet the main bufi-
nefs was to bring the Clergy on the Stage, and find fome matter of
Qi)cbr}ftkno. complaint againft them. Quite contrary in this to the Emperour
rum gentem, Trajan, who in the miclft o/the Perfections, which he had raifed
'nmei^fiverb againft the Church,, commanded by his Imperial EdiB, (a) That no
inciduntaHqui, firici Inquifition fould be made of thofe who did profefs the Faith of
Eufcb^Hift!' chrift'-> but only that they fould be \ purified, if accidentally or by the
Ecc!.l.'3.c.3o. voice of Common Fame they foould be offered unto judgment. What
mif-
Lord dA rchbijhop of Canterbury. 443
mifchief hereupon enfued in animating the Pariihioners againft their LIB. V.
Minuter, reducing Servants to accufe and betray their Matters, alie- Anno Vom-,
noting the affections of the Clergy from one another, and by that 1641.
means fubjefting them to that diflipation which foon after followed, l^V^a
frail befhewn hereafter, fofar forth as it comes within thecompafs of
this prefent Hiftory.
But whilftthefe clouds were gathering together in the Country, as
great a tempeft feemed to be brewing in the City, which threatned
no lets danger to the Church it felf than fhofe proceedings to the
Clergy. For in the beginning of this year we find fome Divines of
name and note, convened in the Dean of PVeflminJiers Lodgings, to
confult about matters of the Church 5 the occafion this : The Convo-
cation was then fitting, but not impowred by his Majefties Commifli-
on to act in any thing of concernment. It Was therefore ordered by
the Peers March i\. That a Committee of ten Earls, ten Bifihops, and
ten Barons fhould be nominated, in the name of the reft, for fetling
the affairs of the Church} by whom a Sub-Committee was the fame
day named to prepare fuch matters as Were to bedifcourfed and con-
cluded by them, iheBifhop of Lincoln being in the Chair for both*
Which Sub-Committee being made up of the Divines above-mentioned,
eonfifted of three Bifhops, nine Doftors in Divinity, and four of fome
inferiour Degree in the Univerfities 9 fome of them being Prela-
tical, and fome Presbyterian in point of Government, but all of
them Cahinians in point of Doctrine. Beginning firft with points
of Doctrine, complaint was made that the whole body of Armi-
niamfm^ and many particular points of Popery (for fo they called
all which agreed not with Calvin's finee) had been of late maintain-
ed in Books and Sermons, and fometimes alfo in the Divinity
Schools. And then defending to matter of Difcipline, they difcourfed
of many Innovations, which they conceived to have been thruft up-
on the Church, moftof them indifpofing and adorning the Commu-
nion-Table, and the more reverent adminiftration of the holy Sacra-
ments 5 fome of them pofitively required, or at leafr. directed by the
Laws of the Land, as reading the Communion Service at the Lords
Table on Sundaies and Holidaies, reading the Litany in the middeft
of the Church, the Minifters turning toward the Eaftin the Creed and
Prayers,and praying no otherwife before Sermons than in thewordsof
the Canon 3 fome of them never having been difufed in many Parochial
Churches, and retained in moft Cathedrals fince the Reformation, as
ftanding at the Hymns, and the Gloria Patri, placing the Table Altar-
wife, and adoring toward it j fome being left indifferent at the choice
of the Minifter, as the faying or fingingofthe Te Deum in Parochial
Churches, officiating the Communion and the daily prayers in the La*
tine tongue, in feveral Colledges and Halls, by and amongft fiichas
are not ignorant of that Language 5 And others not of fo great mo-
ment, as to make any vifible alteration in the face of the Church, or
fenfible difturbance in the minds of the People. Which therefore
might have been as well forborn as practiced, till confirmed by Au-
thority, or otherwife might have been borne without any fuch cla-
mour,
The Life o/William
A T U. mour, as either out of ignorance or malice had been railed againft
Aana Vjm. tiiem. ; ,• . . . -
i ,-- [, They alfo took into consideration fome Rubricks in the Book of
ti?*~v^w Common Prayer, and other things, which they thought fit to be recti-
fied nit. Amongft which they advifed fome things not to be utterly
dilliked3 viz. That the Hymns, Sentences, Epiftles and Gofpels,
(hpuUi be reprinte4 according. to the new 'Tranflation h That the
Reefer in the Pf4lms.1hould.be corrected, and allowed of Publickly;
ajid tfrat no Anthems (hould be fung in Collecfges or Cathedral
Ch ci-rches but fuch as were taken out of the Scripture, or the publick
Liturgy j That fewer Leffons might be read out of the Books called
Apocryphal-,, and the Leffons to be read diftinftly, exclutive of the
Liberty which is given to fing them as appears by the Rubrick \ That
the Rubrick (hould be cleared concerning the Minifters power for re-
sulting fcandalougand notorious finners from the holy Communion,
and that the general Confeffion before the Communion be ordered
to befaid by the Minifter only, the People repeating it after him 5
That thefe "words in the Form of Matrimony, viz. With my body I
thee Wor'ftip^ may be explained and made more intelligible; And that
inftead of binding the married Couple to receive the Communion on
their Wedding .day ("which is feldomdone) they may be obliged to
receive it on the Sunday after, or the next Communion-clay follow-
ing ; That none belicenfed tomarry, or have their Banes asked,who
(hall not firft; bring a Certificate from their Minifter, -that they are
inftructedin the Catechifm; and that it be not required that the In-.
1 font be dipt in the water (as is injoyned by the Rubrick') in the cafe
of extremity. Some Paffagesthey obferved impertinently, and not
worth the altering, as the expunging of fome Saints (whichthey falfly
called Legendaries') out of the Kalendar; The conftant adding of the
Doxology at the end of the Pater nojier'-) Reading of Morning and
Evening Prayer daily by the Curate, if not otherwife letted j The
leaving out of the Benedicite, and the changing of the Pfalmufed in
the Churching of Women ; That thofe words {which only worksft
great marvels ) be left out of the Prayer for the Biftiops and Clergy j
That Grievous, (ins inftead of Deadly fins be ufed in the Letany 5 That
the fanclifying of the Flood Jordan, be changed into fanttifying the
Element of Water, in the Form of Baptifm ; That thofe words, In
fnre and .certain hope of KefurreUion, which are u(ed at Burials, may
be changed to thefe, Knowing ajfitredly that the dead flail rife again 5
And that the Commination (hould be read at the Desk, and not in the
Pulpit: ah which remaining as they did could give no offence, and
might have eafily been changed to give fome content. And finally,
fome things there were of which they defireda Reformation, which
feemed to have fo much of the Anti-Papifi, that they came clofe to the
Turitan, viz. That the Veftments prefcribed by the firft Liturgy of
KingfafwW vi. (hould not be required, and the rule in that cafe to be
altered; That the Alms (hould be gathered rather after, than before
the Communion 5 Thefe words, This is my Body, This is my Blond, not
to be Printed in great Letters 5 and that a Rubrick be inferted to de-
clare,
445
dare, that kneeling at the Communion is required only in relation LIB. V.
to the Prayer of the diftribution, Preferve thee body and foul, &c. Annohoni.
That weekly Ommunion every Sunday be changed to monthly in i 6 4 i.
ColJcdges and Cathedral Churches 5 That the Crofs in Baptifm be u?V^J
either explained., or quite difufed; and that in the Form of Con-
firmation thefe words importing, that Children baptized, are un-
doubtedly faved, be no longer ufedj That no times of Reftraint may
belaid on Marriage} and that the Authoritative Form of Abfolution'm
the Vifitatiort of thefickmay be turned to a Pronouncing or declaring
of it.
I have the longer ftoodon therefult of thefe Confultations,becaule
of the different apprehenfions which were had of the Confequents
and Iifue of them. Some hoped for a great Reformation to be pre-
pared by them, and fetled by the Grand Committee both in Doctrine
and Discipline i and others as much feared (the affections of the men
considered) that Dodrriual Calvinifm being once fetled;, more altera-
tions would be made in the Publick Liturgy than at firft appeared,
till it was brought more near the Form of the Gallic^ Churches, after
the Platform of Geneva. Certain I am, that the imprifoned Archbi-
(bop had no fancy to it, fearing lead the Ajfembly of Divines in Je-
r«/2/ew-Chamber (fo the place was called) might weaken the foun-
dations ofjerufalem in the Church of England , That this AfTembly
on the matter might prove the National Synod of England, to the great
difbonour of the Church 5 and that when their Conclusions were
brought unto the great Committee, the bufinefs would be over-ruled
by the Temporal Lords, as double in number to the Biffiops. But
whatfoever his fears were they werefoon removed, that Meeting be-
ing (battered, about the middle of May, upon the bringing in of a Bill
againft Deans and Chapters 5 which fo divided the Convenors both
in their perfons and affections, that they never after met together.
Concerning which we are to know5 that not only moft of the Lords
of the Lower Houfe, and many Lower-Houfi Lords in the Upper Houfe,
refolving to pull up Epifcopacy by the very roots, thought it conve-
nient to begin with lopping the Branches as laying no pretence to Di-
vine Inftitution. The voting of which Bill exceedingly amazed all
thofe of the Prelatical Clergy, as knowing at what Root it ftruck 5
though none feemed prefently concerned in it but fuch as had fome
benefit or fubfiftance in thofe foundations. To ftill the great noife
which was raifed about it, the Commons feemed not unwilling that
fome of the Cathedral Clergy fliould advocate for the continuance of
thofe Capitular Bodies, and others of the contrary Party to prefent
their Reafons for their Diffolution. The time appointed being come,
Racket, Archdeacon of Bedford, and one of the Prebends of St. Pauls,
pleaded both learnedly and ftoutly in behalf of thofe Churches and
Burges of Watfotd, who not long before brought down his Myrmidons
to cry for Juftice againft Strafford, tothe Parliament doors, was all
for down with them, down with them to the very ground. But though
they differed in their Do&rine, yet they agreed well enough in their
applications': Burges declaring it unlawful, as well as Hac^et, that the
L 1 \ Revenues
446 The Life of W^liam
PART II. Revenues of thofe Churches fhould other wife be imployed than to pi-
Anno Vom. ous ufes. This feemed to put the bufinefs to a ftand for the prefent
1 6 4 1. time, but Canterbury knowing with what eafe it might be refumed,
U^V^W advifed the drawing of a Petition to both Houfes of Parliament in the
name of the Univerfity of Oxott. whichhada great ftock going in the
Ship of the Church, not only for the prefervation of the Epi-fcopal
Government, but of thofe Foundations, as being both the Encourage-
ments and Rewards of Learning. In which Petition having fpoken in
few words of the Antiquity and Succeffion of Bilhops from the A pottles
themfelves,they infift more at large upon fuch Suggeftions as might beft
juftifieand endear the caufe of Cathedral Churches, which being the
moft material of all thole motives, which were laid before them to that
purpofe, we (hall here fubjoyn.
And we become further fetters (faith that Vniverfity) for the conti-
nuance of the Pious Foundations of Cathedral Churches with their Lands
and Revenues : As Dedicate to the Service and Honour of God, foon after
the plantation of Chrifiianity in the EngliQl Nation i As thought fit and
ufefully to be preferv$d for that end, when the Nurferies of Super fiition
voere demoliflied , and fo continued in the laji and beji times ft nee the
Bleffed Reformation under King Edward the (ixth, Queen Elizabeth,
and King James, Princes Renowned through the World for their Piety
and Wifdom j As approved and confirmed by all the Laws of this Land,
Ancient and Modern : As the Principal and outward motive, and encou-
ragements of all students, efpe daily in Divinity, and the fittejl Reward
of fome deep and Eminent Schollars : As Producing or Nourijhing in all
Ages, many Godly and Learned men who have moji firongly ajferted the
truth of the Religion we Profefs, againfi the many fierce oppofttions of our
Adverfaries of Rome : As affording a Competent portion in an Ingeni-
ous way to many younger Brothers of good Parentage, who devote them-
felvesto the Miniflry of the Gofpel: As the only means of fitbftflance to a
multitude of Officers, and other Minifiers, who with their families de-
pend upon them, and are wholly maintained by them : As the main Au-
thors or upholders of divers Schools, Hofpitals, High- ways, Bridges, and
other Pious works* As fpecial caufes of much Profit and advantages to
thofe Cities where they are fttuate j Not only by Relieving the Poor, and
keeping convenient Hofpitality but by occasioning a frequent Refbrt of
fir angers from other parts to the great benefit of all trades -men and In-
habitants, in thofe places : As the goodly Monuments of our Predcceff'ors
Piety, and prefent Honour of this Kingdom in the Eye of Foreign Na-
tions : As the Chief fupport of many thoufand families of the Layety
who enjoy fair Efiates under them in a free way : As yielding a con-
fiant and ample Revenue to the Crown: And as by which many of the
Learned Profeflbrs in our Vnwerfities are maintained. The fubver(ion
or alienation whereof mufl (as we conceive) not only, be attended with
fuch confequences as will redound to the Scandal of many well affetfed
to our Religion, but open the mouths of our Adverfaries, and of Pojierity
againU us, and as likely in time to draw after it harder conditions upon
a conftderable part of the Layety, and Vniverfal cheapnefs and contempt
upon the Clergie, a lamentable drooping and defection of Indujiry and
Lord^ArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 447
knowledge in the Universities 5 which is cafe to forefee hut will be hard to L I B. V.
Remedy. AnnoVom.
The like petition came from Cambridge, as much concerned in this 1641.
common caufe, as their fitter of Oxon. But neither of them could \~*7~v~*>*
prevail fofaras to take off the edge of the Ax, which had been thus
laid at the Root of the Tree , though it did blunt it at the prefent.
For they which had the managing of the Defign, finding that the Ca-
thedral Churches were too ftrongly Cemented, to be demolished at
anlnftant, confidered feafonably for themfelves, that the furtheft way
about, did many times prove the neareft way to the journeys end 5
A Bill was therefore pafled in the Houfe of Commons and fent up to
the Lords by which it was to be Enacted (if their Vote had carried
it) ■-> Firft, that the Biftiops (hould have no Voices in Parliament 5
Secondly that they {hould not be Commifiioners for the Peace, or
Judges in any Temporal Courts 5 and that they (hould not fit in the
Star-chamber nor be Privy Counfellors. Which Bill being Voted
part by part 5 The two laffc parts were palled, by a general confent,
not above one or two diflenting: But the firft branch was carried in
the Negative by fuch an Unifon confent in the Lords then prefent,
that if the Biftiops had not voted in defence of themfelves, the Tem-
poral Lords alone who appeared for them, had carried it by fixteen
Voices. The point being ftill upon debate, thofe Lords which had
ftiewed themfelves againft the Biftaops, refolved to put it to the For-
tune of another day, proteftiqg that the Former manner of Voting
the faid Bill by Branches was both Unparliamentary and illegal 5 and
therefore that the Bill was either wholly to be palled, or eje&ed whol-
ly : which being condefcended to3 the \yhole Bill was utterly caft out
of the Houfe by fo many voices, that the Bilhops might have fpared
their own till another time. And though according to the Rules of all
former Parliaments that a Bill which had been once caft out of the
Houfe, (hould never be preft again the fame Seffions yet this Bill
found a way to it within few moneths after, and almoft twelve years
before the end of thisSeffion, as we (hall fee toofoon in the courfeof
this Hiftory. Tn the mean time, the Anti-Prelatical party in the houfe
of Peers fo beftirred themfelves, that they prevailed upon the Reft
to put a lower valuation on the Bifhops then they had done formerly 5
infomuch, that at a Solemn Faft following not long a. ttr, the Tempo-
ral Lords took Precedence of the Biftiops, contrary to the Cuftom of
their Predeceffors in all times foregoing: the Biftiops not thinking it
convenient to contend for place, at fuch time as their whole Order was
in danger of Falling. Which being obferved by the Lord spencer'-,
Js this , faid he , a day of Humiliation , wherein we flew fo great a
Tride> in taking place of thofe to whom it was allowed by all our Ance-
jiors? A day of Humiliation if it might be called 5 it was made fuch
to the Biftiops only, the Temporal Lords being never higher in their
Exaltation,
But now we muft look back on the Earl of Strafford, the profecuti-
on of whofe Impeachment had been long delaid upon fbme probable
hope> that the difpleafures of his greateft Adverfaries might bemiti-.
Lll 1 gated
44§
The Life o/William
PART II. gated by fome Court-preferments. In Order whereumo it was-a-
kmo Vom* greed upon (if.my intelligence or memory fail not;) that the Earl of
\Ja 4 I# Bedford fthould be made Lord Trcafurer, and Tym Chancellor of the
y^^/^J Exchequer, the Earl otFJfx Governour of the Prince, and that
in wbden Ihbnld be made his Tutor, the Lord say Matter of the Wards a
and Tlollis Principal Secretary in the Place of Windebanfo xheDipH-
i/ept'p of rreUtia}wks difpofedbFalfo, and fome command- -appointed
for:the Earl oYl'r~<mvick„ in the Royal Navy. Which Earls together;
wlthtneEafl of 'Flirt ford, and the Lord Kimbolton (eldeft-Son tothe
Earl of ' MwSafhr) were taken at this time into his Ma jetties Coiwj-
cA, that might wirnefs to the Reft of that Party", with -what fin/..
e^tTtj and Piefy hh Ma jetties Affairs were Governed at the Cointeilf"
Tr.bf?. An 3 tri K elation to this purpofe the Biihop':of '-London cWfa
v-VL.i;o the King tht-.TrhtftiMr? staff "the' 'Earl of New-CafMe rdio^
'<|ui'hcd the O'-ivr-rnnncc b^tyife : Prince, 'and the; Lord Cottin?ton Ve-i
"fignL-.i h'j's '$,mces ••both i;rt'he'V?.rr^cf//cr, and the 'Court of lf"andx9,
there bein£ ttrj rJonbt rjtWwhf Bifbop 'B.iippa in Order tofo. good<a
wor:: . •"> i^1 i eHftgifflflS th'.e Tutorflup of the Prince, when it mould
be required of him1: Sb g^fairfly did thefe great pcrfbns deny 'fheijfo
f'Aves, tel advice the ! f'ePBtce of 'their Miifer. But before .all thefe
things were fa My fitted a -rrT-per formed, die Kings mind- was altered^-
"(but by whom ahcrect hath been more conjefhu-'ed then affirmed faf
certain) which fo exafperateu them who were concerned in thisckR
Agnation, that they perfued the Earl of Strafford with the great*
eagernefs. And fomewhat to this purpofe Was hinted in the King's
Declaration of the -i 8th of Ai)gnfts in which he fignified :!»•;&</* over1"
Hires had been made by them, and with what importunity for offices and.
Preferments, ivhat great fervhes fhou'd hive been done for hi;;,\ and
what other undertaking evert to have fived the Life of the Earl of
Strafford. By which difebvery as he blemiftied the Reputes of fome
Principal Members in the eyes of many of the people ; fo he gave no
fmall caufe of wonder to many others, when they were told from his
own Pen, at how cheap a Kite (a Rate Which would have coft him
nothing) he' might have faved the Lifeof fuchan able and deferring
Minifter.
This defign being thus unhappily dafhr, the Earl was called unto
his Tryalon the 22 day of March laftpaff} which being continued
many days with great expectation, his Adverfaries (though theablcft
men in the Honfe of Commons) perceived that his Defences were Cq
ttrong, and their proof fo weak that they thought it not fafe to leave
the Judgment of the Caufe to theHoufe of Peers in way of Judica-
ture. For finding that their proofs amounted not to a Legal Evidence %
and that nothing but Legal Evidence, could prevail in a .Court of
Judicature, they Refolved to Steer their eolirfe by another wind, and
to call'the Legijla'tiv'c power to their alfittancei according unto which
both Lords, and Commons might proceed by the 'Light of their 'own
Undcrttariding without further Teftimony. Andfo it was declared
by Saint-Jof.n/s then Solicitor General in a conference between the
Committees of both Floufes, April. 29. 1641.. Where it is laid, 7hjt
Lord Arcbbijbop of Canterbury.
although tingle Te(Ii;uony wight he fufpcient to fatrsjie private Confci- L I B. V.
ences, yet hove fur it iviadd haze been fairs factory in a judicial way, AnnoUont.~
ivhcre forms of Law are more to he flood upon, .jv u not f> dcar^ rvhereas i 641.
in this way of Bill, private fahsfuilionto each wans Conference, h fuffi- U<7?"V*,W
dent., although no Evidence had been given in at all. Thus they refolved
it in this Cafe 5 But knowing of what dangerous confequence i.t might-
be to the Lives, and Fortunes of themfelves and. the Reft of Sub-
jects, a fatting cTunfewas added to the- Bill of Attainder, that it fhould
not he drawn into Example for the time to come.. By which it was
Provided, That-nn Judge -or .Judges* Jt/V/ce .or Jnfiiccs w/jatficver, flail
adjudge or Interpret any Act or thing tobe Trcapw; nor hear or deter ;ninc-\
any Treafin, nor in any other manner,. then he .or they fluuld or ought t >
have done before the wakjngof this . A3, .and a?, if this A:l had never
beenmdde. terctn.'j vijjo-i " .
His Majefty underftanding how things were carried, Relblved to
nfe his beft endeavours topreferve the man, who had deferred (o
bravely ofh-im. And:therefore in a Speech to both Houfesof Parlia-
ment on the firft Miy? abfolved him from all Treafons charged upon
him 5 -conjuring them bv the merit oi his former graces, and the hopes
of greater, not to compel him to do any thing, againft his confrieaccj
to which rio worldly consideration wharfoever. fhould be.,a>je~;to
tempt him. This put .the Lords to fitch a ftaad, v- ho werbr^-.-fore
enclinable enough to that unfortunate. Gentleman* it#at multitudes of
the Rabble were brought down out of Loudon, and Southward to cry
for fpeedy Juffice, and Execution; the names, of fuch as hid not
voted to the Bill, being potted upin the palace-yat?d,<«by the/Tirleof
Straffbrdians, and Enemies to the Commonwealth- Which courfe
fo terrified the Lords, that moft of them withdrawing themfeLves from
the Houfeof Peers, the Attainder palled, and certain. Bithogs nomi-
nated to attend the K.ing,for fattsfying his Confcienge, anpl perfwading
him tolign-that Deftructive Bill., "Never was Poor Prince, brought
to fo fad an Exigent, betwixt hif Confcience on the oue ijdc, and
the Fears of fuch a Publick Rupture on the other, as fee m eel to
threaten nothing but deftructionfto himfelf and his Family. But hu-
mane frailty, and the continual Solicitation of fome about him, fo
prevailed atlaft, thzton Afiwday morning the 9^ of /t/y^heput a mofc
imwilliog hand to that fatal Bill, Hiuinga Commifiion unto certain
Lords to'pafsthe fame into an Act, and: with the fame to fpced .mo-
ther C which he had alfo ligned with the fomepenful of ink) for ihe
continuance of the prefent Parliament during the pleafure of the
Houfes. The Act thus part on Monday morning, the Earl was wrought
unto the Scaffold on the Wednefday following, defiring earneflly, but
in vain, to Exchange fome words with the Archbifhop before his
Death ; which gave occafion to a report, that a little before his Death
he had charged his raisiortunes, over-fights and raifdemeanours upon
the Archbifnopof Canterbury, as the Prime Author of the fame; and
had bitterly Cruftthe day of their firll: acquaintance: Which being
fo fcandalous and difhonourable to this great Prelate, I (hall lay down
the whole truth in this particular, as it came from the Archbifltops own
mouth,
450 The Life of William
PART II. mouth, in the prefence of Balfore a scot, and then Lieutenant oF the
Aum T>om* Tower, who was required to atteft to each period of it.
1641. The Lord Strafford, the night before the Execution, fent for the
^^'Thhl Lieutenant of the Tower, and asked him whether it were poffible he
Anfwert, Vc'f might fpcak with the Archbiftiop : The Lieutenant told him, he might
of the Earl «f not do it without Order from the Parliament. Whereupon the Earl
Strafford. replied. You fhall hear what pafieth between us 5 for it is not a time
now either for him to plot Hercfie, or me to plot Treafon. The
Lieutenant anfwered, That he was limited 5 and therefore defired his
Lordftiip would Petition the Parliament for that Favour. No (faid
he_) I have gotten my difpatch from them, and will trouble them no
more, lam now Petitioning an Higher Court, where neither partia-
lity canbeexpt&ed, nor Error feared. But my Lord, faid he, f turn-
ing to the Primate of Ireland-, whofe company he had procured of the
Houfes in that fatal Exigent) I will tell you what I (hould havefpoken
to my Lords Grace of Canterbury. You fhall delire the Archbiftiop
to lend me his Prayers this night, and to give me hisBleffing when I
do go abroad to morrow \ and to \)Q in his Window, that by my laft
Farewel I may give him thanks for this, and all other his former Fa-
vours. The Primate having delivered the Meflage without delay,
the Archbiftiop replyed. That in confcience he was bound to the
firft, and in duty and obligation to the fecond : but he feared his weak-
nefs and paffion would not lend him eyes to behold his laft Departure.
The next morning at his coming forth he drew near to the Archbi-
ftiops Lodging, and faid to the Lieutenant, Though I do not fee the
Archbiftiop, yet give me leave I pray you to do my laft: obfervance to-
wards his Rooms. In the mean time the Archbiftiop, advertifed of
his approach, came out to the Window 5 Then the Earl bowing him-
felf to the ground, My Lord ('faid he) your Prayers and your Blejfing.
The Archbiftiop lift up his hands, and bellowed both : but overcome
with grief, fell to the ground in Animi deliquio. The Earl bowing
the fecond time, faid, Farewel my Lord, God protedr your Inno-
cency. And becaufehe feared, that it might perhaps be thought an
effeminacy or unbecoming weaknefs in him to fink down in that man-
ner, he added, That he hoped by Gods Affiftance, and his own Inno-
cency, that when he came to his own Execution (which he daily
longed for J the World ftiould perceive he had been more fenfible of
the Lord Strafford's Lofs, than of his own : And good reafon it ftiould
be fo (laid he) for the Gentleman was more ferviceable to the Church
(he would not mention the State) than either himfelf, or any of all
the Church-men had ever been. A gallant Farewel to fo eminent and
beloved a Friend.
Thus march'd this Great Man to the Scaffold} more like a General
in the Head of an Army, to breath out Vittory} than like a Con-
demned Man, to undergo the Sentence of death. The Lieutenant of
the Tower defired him to take Coach, for fear the People ftiould rufh
in upon him and tear him in pieces. No (faid he to the Lieutenant)
I dare look Death in the face, and I hope the People too; Have you
a care I do not efcape, and I care not howl dye, whether by the hand
of
Lord Arcbb 'ifhop of Canterbury.
of the Executioner, or the madnefs and fury of the People 5 'If that L I B. V«
may give them better content, it is all one to me. In his laft Speech Anno Dam'
upon the Scaffold, he declared, That in all his [mployments, fincehe 1641.
had the honour to ferve his Majefty, he never had any thing in the Lx^^V^J
purpofe of his heart, but what tended to the joynt and individual
profperity both of King and People That he was fo far from being
an Enemy to Parliaments (which had been charged amongft his
Crimesjthat he did always think the Parliaments of England to be the
moft happy Conftitution that any Kingdom or Nation lived under,
and the beft means under God to make the King and People happy 5
That he acquitted all the World for his death, heartily befeeching
the God of Heaven to forgive all them that contrived it, though in
the intentions^ and purpofes of his heart, he was not guilty of the Of-
fences which he was to die for 5 That it was a great comfort to him,
that his Majefty conceived him not meriting fo fevere and heavy a
Punifhment, as the utmoft execution of this Sentence : And finally,
f after many other ExpreffionsJ That he died a true Son of the church
of England^, in which he had been born and bred j for the Peace and
Profperity whereof he moft heartily prayed. Turning his eyes unto
his Brother Sir George Wentworth, he defired him to charge his Son
to fear God, to continue an obedient Son to the Church of England,
andnotto meddle with Church- Livings, as that which would prove a
Moth or Canker to him in hisEftate. And having feveral times re-
commended his prepared Soul to the Mercies of God, he fubmitted
his Neck with moft Chriftian Magnanimity to the ftroke of the Axe,
which took his Head from him at one blow, before he had rilled up
the number of fifty years. cc A man on whom his Majefty looked as
"onewhofe great Abilities might rather make a Prince afraid, than Eicon.BafiU
" afhamed to employ him in the greateft Affairs of State : For thofe P* 5*
" were prone to create in him great confidence of Undertakings, and
" this was like enough to betray him to great Errors, and many Ene-
"mies 5 whereof he could not but contract good ftore, while moving
" info high a Sphere, and with fo vigorous a Luftre, he muft needs
" (as the Sun) raife many envious Exhalations, which condenfed by a
ec Popular Odium^ were capable to caft a Cloud upon the higheft Me-
<c rit and Integrity. So far he ftood commended by the Pen of his
forrowful Sovereign, who never could (ufficiently bewail his own In-
felicity, in giving way unto an Act of luch high Injuftice (as he calls
it there) of which he gives this Teftimony in his Meditation on the
Death of this unfortunate Earl, " That he was fo far from excufing
" or denying that Compliance on his part (for plenary confent it was
" not) to his deftru&ion, whom in his own judgment he thought not
"by any clear Law, guilty of death} that he did never bear any touch
" of Confidence with greater regret: which, as a fign of his Repen-
tance, he had often with forrow confelled both to God and Men, as
"an Aft of fo finful frailty, that it difcovered more a fear of Man than
"of God, whofe Name and Place on Earth no man is worthy to bear,
"who will avoid Inconveniences of State by Aftsof fo high Injuftice,
" as no Publick Convenience can compenfate.
The
45 2. The Life o/William
PART II. The lofs of this Gentiemans Lite atter Inch a manner, lb terrified
Juno Dam, the reft of his Majefties Servants § that as fome had deferted him in the
164 I. firft appearance of his Troubles : fo there were few that durft Hand to
him, or put him upon refolute orcouragious Counfels, whenhemoft
wanted fuch Afliftance. In which refpecl, it was no hard matter for
theHoufes of Parliament to wire-draw him by degrees to fuch Con-
defcenlions, as finally left the Church without any Authority, and
the Crown with little more Prerogative than a Titular and precari-
ous Empire. He had before paficd an Aft for Triennial Parliaments,
to be called in his default by Sheriffs and Conftables 5 and figned a Bill
for the continuance of the prelent Parliament during the pleafure of
the Houfes, at fuch time as he palled away this poor Gentlemans Life.
Hemuft now give up fo much of his Power at once, as would difable
him from fubfifting by any other means than the Alms of his Parlia-
ment5or keeping down thofe factious and feditious Humours, for which
the ordinary Courts of Juftice, tied to Formalities of Law, could pro-
vide no remedy. In reference to the firft, having kept him hungry and
in appetite for feven Months and more, from their firft meeting in No-
member, they prefent him with a Bill for Tonnage and Poundage, to be
paid only for the three Months following} and that too clogged in the
Preamble with fuch a Condition, as to dilclaim all fuch Right unto
it, as had been formerly enjoyed by his Predeceffors. They prepared
alfo other Bills, for Repealing the Statute concerning Knighthood,
made by King Edward ii. and then made rather for the eafe of the Sub-
ject, than the advancing of the Crown} as alfo, For abolishing his
Pretentions to the Railing of ship-mony, For retrenching the Peram-
bulations of his Forefts, for fuppreffing the Court of stanncries in Corn-
wall And the long-continued Jurifdi&ion of his Cierk of the Market.
And in relation to the other, they prepared' two Bills more} the one
for putting down the Court of Star-Chamber, the other for deftroying
the High-Commijjion, without which bridles there had been noruling
of the Puritan Fa&ion. But as in the Bill for putting down the star-
Chamber, there were fome Claufes which extended to the overthrow
of the Court of the Marches, and the Council eftabhuhed in. the
North, and for Regulating the Authority of the Council-Tabk} fo
in that for deftroying the High-Commijjion, there was a Claufe which
took away the Coercive power of Bifhops, Chancellors, Arch-dca-
dons9 and all other Ecclefiaftical Judges. To thefe two laft ( the
Royal Affent having been palTed unto all the former without any dif-
ficulty) the King was pleafed to demur, which bred fuch a heat a-
mongft the Commons, that he was forced on Munday the fifth of July,
(being but two days after his paffingof the other) to make an excufe
for this fmal delay } the bufinefs being of fuch importance as the Al-
tering in a great meafure thofe Fundamental Laws, both Ecclefiajiical
and Civil, which fo many of his Predeceffors had eftablifhed. How-
great a blow was given by the firft Act to the Royal Authority Heave
to be considered by our Civil Hiftorians. What the Church fuffered
by the (econd will appear by thefe words, in which it was Enacted
(under the fevcral penalties therein contained) "That from the fifth
dav
Lord (tArchbiJhof of Canterbury. 455
"day of Auguftthen next following no Archbifhop, or Bifhops, or a- LIB. V.
ccny other Perfon or Perfons, having or exercifing any Eccleflaftical AnnoVom*
c:anrifdicYion under the Kings Majefty, .within the Realm of Eng land i 6 4 1.
C: Jnd Dominion of Wales, fhould award, impofe or intiift any Pain, t-^V^kJ
{e Penalty, Fine, Amercement, Imprifonment, or any Corporal Pu-
cc nifhment for any Contempt, Mifdemeanour,Crime,Offence, Matter,
cc or Thing whatsoever, belonging to Spiritual or Ecclefiaftical Cogni-
cc zance or Jurifdiction 5 or fhould Ex Officio, or at the inftance or pro- ^.^ ^ .
cc motion of any perfon whatfoever,urge, enforce,tender, give, or mini- p^og.^*"'
"fter unto any Churchwarden, Sideman, or perfon whatfoever, any
tc Corporal Oath, whereby they (hall be obliged to make any Prefent-
-c ment concerning others,or confefs any thing againft themfel ves. which
cc might make them lyable,or expofe them to any Cenfure, Pain, Penal-
:c ty of what fort foever. Which in effect was to take away the Pow-
er of Ecclcfiaftical Cenfures, belonging naturally and originally to the
Epifcopal Function, that istofay,Sufpenfions, Excommunications, De-
privations, and Degradations, (all which are both inflicted and re-
nounced as Pains or Penalties) to thenofmall encouragement of In-
conformity, Tncontinency., and all other irregular Courfes, both in
Clergy and Laity, becaufeit nouriiht an opinion of impunity in the
hearts of thofe who formerly had been awed refpectively by thofe fe-
veral Cenfures. For when the Subject fears neither Pain nor Penalty,
theSuperiour under whom he lives will find little obedience, and the
Laws much left.
But we have too long left our Archbifhop in his cares and for-
rows, and therefore muft return to eafe him of fome part of his cares,
though his forrows continued as before. Hitherto he had given
himfelf no improbable hopes of being called unto his Trial, and given
fuch ftrong proof of his integrity and innocence from the Crimes ob-
jected, as might reftore him to a capacity of doing thofe good offices
tothe Uniuerfity as that place of chancellor did require. But finding
by the late proceedings of the iloufes of Parliament in the bufinefi of
his dear Friend the Earl of Strafford, that his affairs were like to grow
from bad to worfe, he would no longer undergo the name of that Of-
fice which he was not able to perform. Refolved to put the Universi-
ty into fuch a condition as might enable them to proceed in the choice
of a more fortunate Patron, he acquaints the King with his intent by
theBifhopof London'-^ and finding his Majefries Concurrence in opi-
nion with him, he fends his Resignation in his Letter of June 28.
Which being published, and excepted in the Convocation of the
Univerfity on July 1. The Earl of Pembroke was now elected to fucceed
him, who had before been named in competition for the Office with
him.
Mr Vrefent Condition ( faith the Letter ) is not unknown to the
whole World, yet by few pitied or deplored 1 he righteous God
beji knows the Jujiice of my fufferings, on whom both in life and death 1
will ever depend ; the lajl of which fhall be unto me moji welcome, in that
my life is now bur den fome unto me, tny mind attended with variety of fad
and grievous thought s,my foul continually vexed with Anxieties (^troubles,
M m m groan-
M
52;| The Life of Willia
PAtyT II. groaning under the burden of a difpleafed Parliament, my name afperfid
Am? Vom. and grofly abufed by the Multiplicity of Libellotis Pamphlets, and my fit f
1*6,4 \. debarred from rrouted accefs tothebefi of Princes, and it is Vox Pogul.i
K^^J^^J that Jam Popifhly affected. Hon earnest I hare been in my Difputa-
tions, Exhortations, and otherxtife to quench fuch fparks, left they f!*ould
become Coals : 1 hope after my death you will all acknowledgjyct in the midfi
of all my afju&ions there is nothing more hath fo nearly touched me as the
remembrance of your free and joyful acceptance of me to be your Chancel-
' Jour, and that I am now put up from bcivg able to do you that Service
which you might juflly expect from me. When ifirjl received this ho-
nour I intended to have carried it with me to my Crave neither were my
hopes any left, fince the Parliament (called by his MajeBies Royal Com-
mand') committed me to this Reyal Vrifon. But fith (by reafon of mat-
ters of greater confluence yet in hand) the Parliament is pleafed to pro-
crafiinate my Tryal, I do hereby as thankfully refign my Office of being
Chancellor, as ever I received that Dignity , entreating y$u to Elect fome
Honourable Perfon, who upon all occa(ions may be ready tojerve youj and
ibefeech God fend you fuch an one as may do all things for hisglory^ and
the furtherance of your moji famous Vnivcr'ity. 'ihrs is the continual
Prayer of snn ult'&ttUBsacO
Tower, June i3. Your dejected Friend and Chancellour,
Being the laft time I (hall write io>
IVill. Cant.
This Elefignation having eafed him of fome part of his cares, it
was no fmall refrefhment to him in themidft of his forrows, that not-
withftanding all the clamour about Innovations, the Parliament had
made no Order to alter any thing which he had laboured to eftabliih.
The Commons might perhaps have fome thoughts that way, but they
either kept them to themfelves, or found but little comfort in them
when they fufFeredthcm to go abroad, or (hew themfelves in any mo-
tion to the Houfe of Lords. The Peers were then fo far from enter-
taining any fuch extravagant Fancies, that taking notice of the Irre-
gular Zeal of fome forward men, who had not patience enough to at-
tend the Ieifure of Authority, they joyned together with the Prelates,
in this Order of fanuary 16. for putting a ftop to their Exorbitances
at the firfl breaking out. For by that Order it was (ignifiedto be the
pleafureof the Lords Spiritual and Temporal allembled in the High
Court of Parliament, <c That the Divine Service be performed as \r
ccis appointed by the Acts of Parliament of this Realm : And that all
cc fuch as (hall difturb thatwholfom Order, fliall be fevereiy puniflied
aaccordingto the Law : And the Parfons, Vicars, and Curates in the
"feveral Parifhes fnall forbear to introduce any Elites or Ceremonies
ccthat may give offence, otherwife thanthofe which are eftablifhed by
tc the Laws of the Land. Which lad Claufe being couched in fuch
general terms, related only to fuch Rites and Ceremonies, as other-
wife
Lord Archbijhof of Canterbury. 455
— 11 . _ . — *
wife might have been introduced for the time to come., not unto fuch L I B. V-
as had been entertained and fetled by any former Authority. Coun- Anno Vom>
tenanced and fecured by which Declaration, theOrdina'ries went on 1641.
cbearfully intheexercife of their Jurifdi&ion, fuffenng no alteration
or difrurbance to pafs linqueftioned, if any troublefome or unquiet
perfon did begin to tttr. But nofoorier was the Coercive power of
Bifhops and other Ecclefiaftical Judges reftrained, or rather utterly
aboli(hed,by the late Aft of Parliament; and the Kings journey into
Scotland left men and matters at more liberty than before they were:
butprefently the Houfeof Commons took upon them fuch a Reforma-
tion (" Co it muft be called) in which they neither found concurrence of
the Houfe of Peers, or could expeft it from the King. But finding that
they were ftrong enough to fct up for themfelves, Without working
Journey-work any longer unto either of them, they made the follow-
ing Order of September 8. to be the firft Experiment or EflTay of their
undertakings. For though in a Conference, had the fame day with
the Lords, they defired their confent therein, and that the Lords re-
turned them no other Anfwer than by fending them the next day (be-
ing the day of the rvecefs) a Copy of the former Order o£ January 16.
in which they defired then to concur ; yet Pym, who governed the
Committee during that rvecefs, difpatcht his Mandate of the 2 9th of
the fame month over all the Kingdom, requiring all Miniftcrs and
Churchwardens to publifh the faid Order in their feveral Churches.;
to fee it put in execution, and caufe Certificates to be made thereof by
the time appointed. Which Order being the Leading Card to the
Game that followed, was verbatim thus : viz.
W Here as divers Innovations in or about the IVdrfoip of God have
been lately praUifedin this Kingdom ; by enjoy ning fomc things ;
and prohibiting others, without warrant of Law Jo the great grievance and
difcontcnt of his MajeUies Subjects } For the fuppreJfiOn of fuch InnO'
vations, and for prefervation of the Publich^Peace, It is this day Ordered
by the Commons in Parliament affembled, That the Churchwardens of every
fairf} Church or Chappel reflectively doth forthwith remove the Commu-
nion Table from the Eaft end of the Church, Chappel, or Chancel into fome
other convenient place, and that they take away the Rails, and Level the
Chancels as heretofore they were before the late Innovations. That all Cru-
cifixes, fcandxlous PiUures, of any one or more Perfons of the Trinity,
and all Im iges of the Virgin Mary fliall be ta^enaway an daboli feeds and
that all Tapers, Candlejlickj, andBafons be removed from the Communion
Table. Tfjat all Corporal Sowing at the Name of Jefus, or toward the Eajl
end of 'the church, Chappel, or Chancel, or towards the Communion Table
be henceforth forborn. That the Orders aforefaid be obferved in all the
feveral Cathedral Churches of this Kingdom, and all the Colledges,
Churches,or Chappels in the two Vniver(ities,or any other part of this King-
dom, and in the Temple- Church, and the Chappels of other Inns of Court?
by the Deans of the faid Cathedral churches, by the Vice-Chancellours, of
the faid Vniverfities, and by the Heads and Governours of the feveral
Colledges and Halls aforefaid} and by the Benchers and Readers in the faid
Mm 012 Inns
456 The Life of William
1 — — . — ■ — —
PART II. Inns of Court refpcUively. That the Lords day ft) all be duly obferved
A;tno Vom* <wd fanUified: All Dancings or other Sports either before or after Divine
I 6 4 I. Service be forborn andrejlrained? andthat the Preaching of GodslVord
L^V^J be permitted in the After noon in the feveral Churches and Chappels of tt^k,
Kingdom, and that Miniflers and Preachers be encouraged thereunto.
That the Vice-Chancellours of theVniverfities^ Heads, and Govcrnours of
Colledges, allparfbns, Vicars, Churchwardens, do make Certificate of the
performance of theje Orders: and if the fame flail not be obferved in any
places aforementioned, upon complaint thereof made to the into next Ju-
jiices of the Peace, Major, and other Head-Officer of Cities and Towns
Corporate, It is ordered^ That the faid Juflices, Major, and other Head-
Ojjicer refpecJivcly ft) all examine the truth of all fuch complaints, axd
certifieby vohofe default the fame are committed- All which Certificates
are to be delivered in Parliament before the thirtieth of Oftober next
enfuing, Anno 1 64 1.
It may be juftly wondred at, that all this while we have heard no-
thing of the Scots, the chief promoters of thefe mifchiefs 5 but we may
reft our felves affured that they were not idle, folliciting' their affairs
both openly and underhand, infiant in feafbn, and out of feafon, till
they had brought about all ends which invited them hither. They
had made fure work with the Lord Lieutenant, and feared not the
Refurreclion of the Lord Archbifliop though Doomed at that time on-
ly to a Civil death. They had gratified the Commons in procuring all
the Acts of Parliament before remembred, and paring the Bifhops
nails to the very quick, by the only terrour of their Arms 5 and were
reciprocally gratified by them with a gift of three hundred thoufand
pounds of good Englifh money, in the name of a brotherly ajfijlancey
for their pretended former loffes, which could not rationally be com-
puted tothetenth part of that Sum. And in relation to that Treaty
they gained in a manner all thofe points which had been {irft infifted
on in the meeting at Rippon, and many additional alfo^ which were
brought in afterwards by Louden. In their Demand concerning Uni-
ty in Religion, and Uniformity in Church-Government, the Anfwer
favoured rather of delay than fatisfadtion , amounting to no more than
this, "That his Majefty, with the Advice of both Houfes of Parlia-
"ment, did wellapproveof the affections of his Subjects of Scotland,
€f in their defires of having a Conformity of Church-Government be-
cctween the two Nations, and that as the Parliament had already
"taken into confideration the Reformation of the Church-Govern-
"ment, fo they would proceed therein in duetimeasftiould beft con-
duce to the glory of God, and peace of Church and of both
" Kingdoms. Which Condefcenfions and Conclufions being ratified
on Augufi 7. by Act of Parliament in England, a Provifion was alfo
made for thefecurity of all his Majefties Party in reference to the for-
mer troubles, excluding only the Scottifti Prelates, and four more of
that Nation, from the benefit of it. And that being done, his Majefty
fet forwards toward Scotland on Tnefday the tenth of the fame month,
giving order as he went for the Disbanding of both Armies, that they
might
Lord<iArcbbijhoj> of Canterbury.
mi^hr be no further charge or trouble to him. Welcomed he wa< fcf %. V.
with great joy to the City of Ecknborough,\w regard lie came with fill] Anno Vom.
defires and refolutions of giving all fatisfaclion tothat People which 1 6 4 T;
they could expeft, though to the Diminution of his Royal Plights and
juft Prerogative. He wasrefblved to fweetenandCarefs them with
all Afts of Grace, that fo they might reciprocate with him in their
Love and Loyalty, though therein he found himfelf deceived. For
he not only ratified all the Tranfa&ions of the Treaty confirmed
England by Aft of Parliament, in that Kingdom \ but by like Aft abo-
lilhedthe Epifcopal Government, and yielded to an alienation of all
Church-Lands, reftored by his Father or himfelf for the maintenance
of it. A matter of moft woful confequence to the Church of England.
For the Houfe of Commons being advertifed of thefe Tranfactions,
preft him with their continual importunities after his Return, to fub-
vert the Government of Biftiops here in England, in the deftru&ion
wheredf he had been pleafed to gratifie his scottiJJj Subjects, which
could not be reputed fo confiderable in his eftimation, nor were fo in
the eye of the World as the Englilhwere. What followed hereupon
we may hear too foon.
This good fuccefs of the Scots encouraged the IriJIj Papijls to at-
tempt the like, and to attempt it in the fame way the scots had gone 5
that is to fay, by feiling his Majefties Towns, Forts and Caftles, put-
ting themfelves into the body of an Army, banifhing and imprifoning
allfuch as oppofed their Practices, and then Petitioning the King for
a publick exercife of their Religion. And they had this great further-
ance to promote their hopes 3 For when the King was preft by the
Commons for the disbandingof the Irifi Army, a fuitewas made un-
to him by the Embafladour of Spain, that he might have leave to lift
three or four thoufand of them for his Mafters Service in the Wars 5 to
which motion his Majefty readily condefcending gave order in it ac-
cordingly. But the Commons never thinking themfelves fafe, as long
as any of that Army had a Sword in his hand, never left importuning
the King ("whom they had now brought to the condition of denying
nothing which they askedj) till they had made him eat his word, and
revoke thofe Orders to his great difhonour 3 which fo exafperated
that Army confiding of 8000 Foot, and 1000 Ffqrfe, that it was no
hard matter for thofe who had the managing of that Plot to make fure
of them. And then confidering that the Scots by raifing of an Army
had gained from the King an abolition of the Epifcopal Order, the
Refcindingof his own and his Fathers Afts about the reducing of that
Church to fome Uniformity with this, and fetled their Kirk in fuch a
way as beft pleafed their own humours, Why might not the IriJIj Va-
pijis hope, that by the help of fuch an Army, ready raifed to their
hands, oreafily drawn together, though difperfed at prefent, they
might obtain the like indulgences and grants for their Religion? The
23 of O&ober was the day defigned for the feizing of the City and Ca-
ttle of Dublin, and many places of great Importance in that Kingdom :
But failing in the main defign, which had Seen difcovered the night
before by one 0 Conally, they brake out into open Arms, dealing no
better
458 The Life of W 1 l l i'a m
PART II. better with the Proteftants there, than the Covenanters had done with
Amo Votn, the Royal Party in Scotland. Of this Rebellion (for it mutt be called
I 6 4 1 . a Rebellion in the IriJJj, though not in the Scots) his Majefty gives pre-
W^V^J fent notice to the Houfes of Parliament, requiring their Counfel and
affiftance for the extinguifhirtg of that Flame, before it had wafted and
confumed that Kingdom. But neither the neceffity of the Proteftants
there, nor the Kings importunity here, could perfwade them to Levv
ofte man toward the fupprevTion of thofe Rebels, till the King had de-
claimed his power of preffing Souldiersin an Act of Parliament, and
thereby laid himfeif open to fuch Acts of violence, as were then ham-
mering againfc him.
But to proceed, his Majefty having fettled his affairs in Scotland td
the full contentment of the People by granting them the Acts of Grace
before remembred, and giving fome addition of Honour to his greateft
enemies, (amongft whom Leffy, who commanded their two late Ar-
mies, moft undefervedly was advanced to the Title of Earl of Leven~)
prepared in the beginning of Nozewb. for his journey to London 5
Where he was welcomed by the Lord Mayor, and Citizens with all
imaginable expreffions of Love and Duty. But the Commons at the
other end of the Town entertained him with a (harp Declaration, En-
tituled, The Remonflrance of the state of the Kingdom, which they pre-
fented to him at Hampton-Court, with a Petition thereunto annexed,
within few days after his returns In which it was defired amongft o-
ther things, that he would pleafe to pafs an Act for depriving the Bi-
Oiopsof their place and Vote in Parliament: which Bill had formerly-
been caft out of theHoufeof Peers, as before was (aid, and was not
by thecourfe of Parliaments to be offered again. To this Demand
BiW- Keg. an<^ others which concerned Religion he returned this Anfwer, " That
Se&4.c.4. " for preserving the peace and fafety of this Kingdom from the defigns
tcof thePopifh party, he had and would ftill concur with all the juft
e<defires of his people, in a Parliamentary way 5 That for the depriv-
ing of the Biftiops of their Votes in Parliament, he wifht them to
"confider that their right was grounded upon the Fundamental Law
"of the Kingdom, and conftitution of Parliament $ That he conceiv-
tCed the taking away of the High CommiJJion had well moderated the
"Inordinate power of the Clergy, but if there continued any ufur-
"pations or Excefies in their jurifditfions, he then neither had nor
"would protect them. That he would willingly concur in the remo-
val of any illegal Innovations, Which had crept into the Churchy
"That if the Parliament fhouldadvifetocall a National Synods which
<c might duely Examine fuch Ceremonies, as gave juft caufe of offence
"to any he would take it into confederation and apply himfelf to give
"duefatisfaction therein} That he was very forry to hear Corruptions
"in Religion to be Objected in fuch General terms, fince he was per-
tc fwaded in his Confcience that no Church could be found upon earth,
"that profeffed the true Religion with more purity of Doctrine then
"the Church of England at that time 5 That by the grace of God he
" was refolved to maintain both the Government and Doctrine of it in
lc their Glory and Purity, and not only againft allinvafionsof Popery ,
but
i^jrd lArchbiJbop of Canterbury. 45^
cc but fr'oni the Irreverence of thofe many Schifmatic\<, and Separutifts L I \). V.
'-"wherewith of late this Kingdom and the City of London did fo Anno D^m,
i: much abou id, to the great difhonour and hazard both of Church r 6 4 1.
-and Stite, for the fuppreffing of whom he required their aid and ^*"V"^w
cc timely affiftance.
This Refolute, and Religious Anfwerdid notfo fatisfre the Com-
mons, but that they were Refolvedto purfue the Enterprize till they
had gained the Point they aimed at. Some endeavours had formefly
been ufed by the Earl of Fjfex and the Baron of Ki mbolton to perfwade
the Bifhops, fo far to gratifie the importunate defires of the houfe of
Commons, as voluntarily to Pvelinquifh their Votes in Parliament ;
upon aflurance that the Peers would be bound in Honour to preferve
them in all the eftential parts of their calling and Function. But the
Bifhops who had little or nothing left to keep them up in Reputation
amongftthe People, buttheir Rights of Peerage, could not be eafily
eatreated to betray themfelves, and become Felones de Je (as the
Lawyers Phrafe it) as long as his Majefty would be pleafedto main-
tain their Intereft,. and in theirs His own. Doubly Repulft, the Ap-
prentices are drawn in huge multitudes to cry at the Parliament doors
No BiJf)Qps, No Bifiops 5 Petitions daily brought againft them as the
Comwon Grievances, imputing to them the decay of Trade, and the
obstruction of all bufinefTes in both Houfesof Parliament 5 their Per-
fons prefented with Revilings, and fometimes withftones, fothatthey
could neither come out of their Coaches if they came by Land, nor
out of their Barges if they came by water, without manifeft danger
of their lives; the Abby of ' IFeftminfter Violently AfTaulted, and as
Couragioufly defended by the Scholars, Choiremen, Officers, and
other Servants, concluding in the death of Wifeman a Knight of Kent,
who having taken on himfelf the Conduit of the Tumult, was killed
by one of the Defendants, with a Tile from the Battlements. Hereupon
Williams the Late Bifhop of Lincoln having beentranflated unto TorJ^,
invites as many of the n>. hops as were left in London to a Private Con-
ference to be held amongftthem in the Lodgings of the Dean of Weft-
minjicr'-i where they fubtcribed to a Protefiation, and Petition to be
prefented to his Vlajefty in the Houfe of Peers, containing a Relation
of the abufes offered them for fome days laft paft, together with a
Declaration of their fenfe and meaning, for the time to come. The
Apprehenfion of their own dangers inclined them willingly to any
fichcourfe, as vifibly conduced to the prefervation of their Rights
as Bifhops; and their lives as men; For both which the fubfcribing of
this Petition and Proteftation, andtheentringof it in the Journal of
the Houfe of Lords, feems to have provided. ft was about the mid-
dle of chrijintas, when fome of the Bifhops were retired into the
Country, others not returned from their Recefs, and no fewer then
five Sees, either vacant, or not filled Actually, at the prefent ; fo that
no more of them met at this AfTembly, then the Archbifhop of Tor^,
the Bifhops of Durham , Lichfield, Gloucejier, Norwich, Afaph, Wells,
Hereford, Oxon, Ely-, Peterborough, and Landajf'-, all which fubfcribed
this lafl prefervative for their Place and Perfons. And being it was
the
460 The Life o/William
PART H. the laft faff of their dying light, I (ball notthink it improper to keep
Aa'toVom. it from Expiring, as long as I can, by ferving as a Prolonger to it in
164 1. this prefent Hiltory 3 Now the Petition, and Protection was as
follow eth.
Huch. Exaft. * % J Here as the Petitioners Are Called up by Several and Refpcdizt
Collea.p.41. \y Writs, and under great Penalties to attend the Parliament, and
have a clear and indubitable right to vote in Bills and ether Matters what-
soever, Debateable in Parliament by the Ancient Cujloms, Laws and Sta-
tutes of this Re dm, and ought to be Protected by your Majesty quietly to
attend andprofecute that Great Service. They humbly Remonfirate and
Proteji before God-, Tour M.ijefiy, and the Noble Lords and Peers now Af-
fembled in Parliament that as they had an Lndubitate Right to frt and
l ote in the Houfe of Lords : fo are they, if they may be Protected front
force and violence, mojl Willing and Ready to Perform their Duties ac-
cordingly. And that they do abominate All A&ions or Opinions tending
to Popery or the maintenance thereof, as alfb all propenfion and Inclinati-
on to any Aialignant Party or any ether Side or Party rvhatfocver, to the
which their own Reafins and Confciencc Jh dl not move them to adhere.
But whereas they have been at fever al times Violently Menaced, Affronted,
and A/faulted by multitudes of People in their coming to perform their Ser-
vices in th.it Honourable Houfe, -and lately chafed away and put in dan-
ger cf their lives, and can find no Redrefs or Protection upon fundry
Complaints, made to both Houfs in thefe particulars \ They humble proiejl
before your Majejly and the Noble Houfe of Peers, That fiving unto them-
felves all their Right, and Interefs of Sitting and Voting in that Houfe at
other times, they dare not Sit cr Vote in the Houfe of Peers, until Tour Ma-
jefiy fhall further fe cure them from all Affronts, Indignities, and Dangers
in the Prtmifes. Lafily, Whereas thefe fears are not built upon Conceits,
but upon fuch Grounds and Objects as may well terrifie Men of Refoluticn
and much Conjiancy, they do in all Humility and Duty rroiefl before
Tour Majefly and the Peers of the Mofi Honourable Houfe of Parliament,
againji all Laws, Orders, Votes, Resolutions and Determinations, as of
themfelves Null and of None Effei~i, which in their Abfence, (/nee the 27 th
of this Infant Moneth of December, I £41. have already puffed) As
Ukewife, that all fuch as full hereafter Pa fs in the Mofi H nourable Houfe,
during the time of this their Forced and Violent Abfence from the faid
Mofi Honourable Houfe : not denying but if their abfenting of them fives
were Wilful and Voluntary, that Mofi Honouarble Houfe might Proceed in
all their Premifes, their Abfence or this Protefiation Notwithfianding.
An d humbly be fecching Tour Mofi Excellent Majefly to Command the
Clerk^ of the Houfe of Peers, to Enter this their Petition and Protefiation
among his Records.
They will ever pray God tob'efs, &c.
This Petition being preferred to his Majefly, was by him delivered
to the Lord Keeper Littleton, to be Communicated the next day, be-
ing the 30th of Decemb. to the Houfe of Peers : But the Lord Keeper
contrary to his Majefties directions, did firft impart it to fome of the
Preaching
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. 461
Preaching party in both Houfesof Parliament } and after, asche plot L I B. V'
was laid, to the Peers in general. Upon the Reading whereof a con- Anno Vom-
ference was defired with the Houfe of Commons, to whom the Lord I 641.
Keeper whom they had under the La(h, was pleated to fignifie, that ^^V'^J
this Petition, and Proteftation of the twelve Bifhops, contained mat-
ters of high and dangerous conjequence^ extending to the deep intrenching
upon the Fundamental Priviledges and Being of Parliament . Where-
upon the faid twelve Bifhops were Impeached by the Commons of
highTreafon. The Ufher called Black-Rod, Commanded to find
them out, and to bring them to the Bar in the Houfe of Peers, which
by reafon of their fcattered and divided Lodgings, could not be effect-
ed till eight of the clock at night, at what time being brought together
their offence was fignified unto them, and an Order presently made
for their commitment to the Tower, whether they were all carried
the next day, Except the Bifhops of Durham and Litchfield who found
the favour (the one by reafon of his Eminent Learning, and both of
them in regard of their Age and Infirmities) to ftand committed to the
cuftody of the Gentleman Ufher. Out Archbifbop had now more
Neighbours then he defired, but not more company than before, it
being prudently Ordered amongft themfelves, that none of them
fbould beftow any vifits on him , for fear of giving fome advantage
to their common enemy 5 as if they had been hatching fome confpiracy
againft thePublick: But they refrained not on either fide from fend-
ing Meffagesof Love and confolation unto one another } thofe mutu-
al civilities being almoft every day performed betwixt the two Arch-,
bifhops alfo, though very much differing both in their Counfels and
Affections in the times foregoing. The Archbifhop of TorJ^was now
fo much declined in favour , that heftood in as bad termeswith the
Common People., as the other did. His Picture cut in Brafs, attired
in his Epifcopal Robes, with his fquareCap upon his head, and Bandi-
leers about his Neck, fhouldring a Musket upon one of his (boulders
in one hand, and a Reft in the other, either prefaging that which fol-
lowed, orelfe relating unto that which had pafted in defence of the
Abbey, Together with which a book was Printed, in which he was
Refernbled to the Decoy Duck^ , (alluding to the Decoyes in Lincoln-
/fr/rrwhere he had beenBifhop) reftored to Liberty on defign, that he
mrght bring more Company with him at his coming back, and a device
Ingraven for the Front of the Book, which reprefented the conceit \
and that not unhappil y. Certain I am that our Archbifhop inthemidft
of thofe forrovvs feemed much pleafed with the Fancy, whither out of
his great Love to wit, or fome other felf-fatisfa&ion which he found
therein, is beyond my knowledge.
Thefe Bifhops being thus fecured, and no body left in a manner to
folicite the Common Caufe but the Bifhop of Rochejler, the Bill againft
their Votes paiTed currantly in the Houfe of Peers on February 6. the
Citizens who before had feafted the King with fuch figns of Affection,
now celebratins: the Concurrence ofthe Houfe againft his Intereft,with
Bells and Bonfires. Nor was it long before the King gave over the
Nnn Caufe,
462 The Life of W * l l i a m
c
PART II. Caufe, for which he had fo long contended; For either terrified with
Anno Vom. the Apprehenfion of his own Dangers, or wrought on by the impor-
1 641. tunity of feme about him, he figned the Bill at Canterbury on Februa-
yJ^/^J ry 14. to which place he had accompanied the Queen in her way to*
Bib!. Kcgia: Honwci ; And by that Bill it was defired to be Enafted, tc That
"no Archbifhop, Bifbop, or any other Perfon in Holy Orders, from
"February t. 5. then next following, (hould have any Seat or Place,
"Suffrage or Voice, ufe or executeany Power or Authority in the
" Parliaments of this Realm 5 nor fhould be of the Privi-Council of
"his Majefty, his Heirs, or Succefiors, or Juftices of the Peace of
" Oyer and Terminer, or Gaol-delivery or execute any Temporal
" Authority , by vertue of any Commiffion : but fhould be wholy
"difablcd, or be uncapable to have, receive, ufe or executeany of
"the laid Offices. Places, Powers, Authorities, and things aforefaid.
The patting of which Aft, what fpecious Pretences foever were
given out for it, redounded little to his Majefties Benefit, and far
lefs to his Comfort. For by cutting off fo many of his Freinds at
a blow, he loft his Power in the Houfe of Peers, and not long af-
ter was deprived of his Negative Voice, when the great Bufinefs
of the Militia came to be difputed. And though he -pleafed him-
EiconB dU f^fo***^™6* v^tn perfwafion of their covtcntcdnef if? f;iff<:rivgt
pre font diminution of their Rights and Honours, for his fcl^e andth" Com-
monwealthsyet was it no tmall trouble to his Confcience at other
times, that he had added th;s to the former injury, in conferring to
the taking away of the Coercive Power of their Jurifdiftion, fortrris>
We find to be one of thofe three things which lay heaviefron him, in
the time of his Solitude and Sufferings, as appears by this paHage in
one of his Prayers , viz. Was it through ignorance that ifoffcred irinv}
cent Blood to be fpilt by a falfe pretended "juflice? Or that I permitted a
wrong way of Worfhiptobe fit up in Scotland ? Or injured the Bifop-s in
England ? By which we fee, that the Injury done unto the Bithopsof
England^ is put into the fame fcale with his permitting a wrong why of
Worfrip to be fet up in Scotland , and the fhedding of the innocent Elrod
Of the Earl of Strafford. And if this Aft proved fo unplealing to the
King, it muft needs be grievous to the Bifhops therofelves} to none
more then the Archbifhop of Canterbury, who had fet lb great a part of
his affections on the preserving of this Church in her Power and Glo-
ry. Whofe fenfe hereof is thus exprefs'd, by one who for the time
. was his greateft Adverfary, (V) That it firuc\ proud Canterbury /*>
L * -I™1**** the hearty and undermined all his Prelatical Deftgns to advance the Bi-
fiops Tamp and Power ; whether with greater bitternefs or truth, is hard
to fay.
Their great hope was (though it was fuch a hope as that of Abr.ih.vn,
which the Scripture calk, a hope againfh hope) that having pared the
jurifdiftion of the Brflwps , and impaired their Power, they would
have fuffered them to enjoy their Function with Peace and ojuiet, as
the only remaining Ornament and Honour of the Chuch of Eng-
land. Conform therein unto the gallantry of the Ancient Romans,
Who when they had brought the Carthaginians unto that condition,
2S
Lord sArchbijljop of Canterbury. 465
as to compel them to deliver up their Ships, Arms, and Elephants, LIB. V.
and to make neither War nor Peace without their permiffion, (a) AnmVom.
efteemed it an efpecial honour to their Commonwealth, to prefer ve i 6 4 1.
the City which was no longer to be feared, though formerly it had l^f^JT^
contended for the Superiority. But the Bifhops Crimes were ftill ciofm$ Cartla-
unpuniftied : And as the old Roman Citizen cried out upon his fine &ne iU£ non
Country-houfe and pleafant Gardens, when he found his name Tf/^HifUa;
pofted up amonfl the Projcripts, in the time of Sylla 5 fo might thefe
Holy men complain of thofe fair Houfes and goodly Manors which
belonged to their Epifcopal Sees, as the only means of the Subver-
sion of their Sacred Calling. This had been formerly refolved on,
but was not to be done at once, as before was noted 5 nor to be fol-
lowed now, but on fome fuch colour as was pretended for depriv-
ing them of their Jurifdiction and Place in Parliament, h was pre-
tended for fupprefting the Court of High-Commijfion, and the coer-
civePower of JurifdicYion, That the Prelates had abufed them both, A^ofPari
to the infujferable wrong and opprejjion of his Majejiies SubjeQs'-i And 16. Car.
for the taking away of their Votes in Parliament, with all other
Civil Power in Church-men, That it was found to be an occafion of
great mifchief both to Church and State, the Office of the Miniftry
being of fw h greit importance as to take up the whole Man. And now
to make way for the Abolition of the Calling it felf, it was given
out amongft the People to have been made of no ufe to the Church,
by the Bifhops themfelves, againft whom thefe Objections were put
in every mans mouth, That they had laid afide the ufe of Confirm-
ing Children, though required by Law , whereby they had deprived
themfelves of that dependence, which People of all forts formerly
had faftned on them •■> That they had altogether negle&ed the duty of
Preaching, under the colour of attending their feveral Governments,
That in their feveral Governments they ftood only as Cyphers, trans-
mitting their whole Jurifdi&ion to their Chancellors and under-Offi-
cers} That none of them ufed to fit in their Confiflories^ for hearing
Grievances, and Adminiftring Juftice to the Subjeft, whether Clergy
or Laity , leaving them for a prey to Regifters, hroftors, and Ap-
paritors, who moft unconfcionably extorted from them what they
pleafed } That few or none of them held their Vifitations in perfon,
whereby the face of the Bifhop was unknown to the greateft part of
the Clergy, and the greateft part of the Clergy was unknown to him,
to thedifcouragementof the Godly and painful Minifters, and the en-
couragement of vicious and irregular Parfons 5 That few of them lived
in their Epifcopal Cities , and fome there were who had never feen
them, whereby the Poor (which commonly abound moft in populous
places) wanted that Relief, and thofe of the better fort that Hofpita-
lity, which they had reafon to expedU the Divine Service in the
mean time performed irreverently and perfunctorily in the Cathedrals
of thofe Cities, for want of the Bifhops rvefidence and Superinfe-
ction That they had transferred the folemn giving of Orders from
the faid Cathedrals , to the Chappels of their private Houfes , or
fome obfcure Churches in the Country, not having nor requiring the
Nnn 2 Affiftance
464 The Life of W * l l i a m
PART II. Afiiftance of their Deans and Chapters, as they ought to do; That
Anno Vom. they engrofled a fole or folitary Power to themfelves alone, in the
1 6 4 1 • Sentence of Deprivation and Degradation, withoutthe Prefences and
i^V^J Confentsof their faid Deans and Chapters, or any Members of the
fame, contrary to the Canons in that behalf; by which laft Acts they
had rendredthofe Capitular Bodies as ufelefs to the Church as they
were themfelves: And finally. That feeing they did nothing which
belonged unto the place of a Bilhop, but the receiving of their Rents,
living in eafe and worldly pomp, and domineering over the reft of
their Brethren, it was expedient to remove the Function out of the
Church, and turn their Lands and Houfes unto better ufes. This £
remember to have been the fubftance of thofe Objections made by
lbme of the Gentry, and put into the mouths of the Common People ;
in which if any thing were true (as I hope there was not) fuch Bi-
fliops as offended in the Premifes, or in any of them, have the lefs
reafon to complain of their own misfortunes, and the more caufe to be
complained of, forgiving fuch Advantages to the Enemies of their
Power and Function. Nor was the alienating of their Lands and
Houfes the Total Sum of the Defign, though a great part of it. As
long as the Epifiopal Jurifdiftion ftood, much Grift was carried from
the Mills in IVeftminfter-Hall^ Toll whereof was taken by the Bithops
Officers, Therefore thofe Courts to be fnpprefled (which could not
be more eafily done^than in abolifhing the Bifhops whole Courts thev
were) that fo the managing of all Caufcs, both Ecclefiaftical and Civit,
might be brought into the hands of thofe who thought they could not
thrive fufficiently by their own Common Law, as long as any other
Law was Common, befides their own. By means whereof, all Of-
fices and Preferments in the Admiral, Archiepifcopal, andDiocefan
Courts, being taken from the Civil Lawyers, nothing can follow there-
upon but the difcouragement and difcontinuance of thofe Noble
Studies, which formerly were found fo advantagious to theStateand
Nation.
It is not to be thought that fuch a general Concuffion ftiould befal
the Church, fomany Practices entertained againft it, and (b many en-
deavours ufed for the Ruine of it; and that no man fhould lend a help-
ing hand to fupport the Fabrick, or to uphold the Sacred Ark when
he faw it tottering. Some well- affected in both Houfes, appeared
ftoutlyfor it; amongft which, none more cordially than the Lord
George Digby, inaSpeech made upon occafion of the City-Petition, and
Sir Lucius Cary Vifcount Faull^land^ both Members of the Houfe of
Commons : Which laft, though he expreffed much bitternefs againft
the Bifhops, in one of his Speeches made in the firft heats and agitation
of bufinefs; yet afterwards in another of them he (hewed himfelf an
efpecial Advocate in behalf of the Epifcopal Order. In which Speech
of his itisaffirmed, "That the ground of this Government by Epif-
" copacy is lb ancient, and fo general, fo uncontradicted in the firft and
"beft times that our moft laborious Antiquaries can find no Nation, no
" City, no Church, no Houfes under any other, that our firft Ecclefia-
"ftical Authors tell us of; That the Apoftles not only allowed but
"founded
Lord Archbijhop of Canterbury*.
" founded Bishops, fothat the Tradirion for fome Books of Scripture, L I B. V.
ec which we receive as Canonical, is both lefs ancient, lefs genera], and AnnoVom.
lefs uncontradicted than that is. So he when he was comengain tohis i 641.
former temoer, and not yet entred nor initiated into Court prefer- L*^*V*^J
ments. Nor was the point only canvafed within thofe walls, but ma-
naged in a more publick way by the Pens of fome, than there it had
been tolled on the Tongues of others. The Bifhop of Ex on. leads
the way , prefenting An humble Re monflr an ce to the High Court of
P/irhament in behalf of Liturgie and Epifcopacy, which prefently was
encountred with an anfwer to it, wherein the Original of Liturgie and
Epifcopacy is pretended to be dtfeuffed, &C This anfwer framed by a
Junfto of five Presbyterian Miniftersinor about the City of London,
the firft Letters of whole names being laid together made up the word
Smeclymriuus, which appears only for the Author. The Bifhop here-
upon replies in a Vindication ("by which namehe called it) which Vin-
dication had an Anfwer or Kejoynderto it, by the fame Smeffymnuu*.
During which fnterfeatsof Arms, and exchange of Pens, a Difcourfe
waspublifhed by Sir Thomas Afiton Knight and Baronet. In the firft
part whereof he gives us A furvey of the Inconveniences of the Presby-
terian Difcipline, and the inconffjiences thereof with the confiitution of
this State. And in the fecond, The Original InUittition, Succejfion,and
Jurifdi3ion of the ancient and venerable order of Bijhops. This laft part
leconded within the compafs of this year by the Hijiory of Epifcopacy,
firft published as the work ofTheophilus Churchman, and not till many
years after, owned by the Authors name. The next year bringing
forth a book of Dr. Taylors, called Epifcopacy ajferted, and the Aerio-
mafiix oEJohnTheyer, &c. All of them backt, and the two laft encou-
raged by many Petitions to his Majefty and both Houfes of Parlia-
ment, not only from the two Univerfities, whom it moft concerned 3
but from feveral Counties of the Kingdom, of which more hereafter. ,
I (hall conclude this year with a remembrance of fome change of
Officers in the Court, but of more in the Church. Windebanke \ Se-
cretary of State, being queftioned for releafing divers Pricfts and Je-
fuits, contrary to the eftablifhed Laws, conveyed himfelf over into
Frances and Finch Lord Keeper, on fome diftruft which he had of his
fafety. fur acting too zealoufly in the Forreft-bufinefs, and the cafe of
shtpmoney, withdrew at the fame time into Holland. Pembroke, Lord
Chamberlain of the houfhold, was difcharged of his Office by the King
upon juft difnleafures, before hi slate going into Scotland 5 TheEarl
of Newcastle for the Reafons before remembred, had relinquished his
charge of the Princes Perfon, and Cottington his Offices i n the Exche-
quer and the Court of Wards ; Neile Archbifhopof TorJ^ died fome few
days before the beginning of the Parliament, Mountagueaf chichefler,
Bancroft of Oxon. Davenant of Salisbury, Potter of Car life >, andThorn-
borough of IVorceBer within few months after. Nature abhorreth no-
thing more than Vacuity, and it proved to be very agreeable to the
Rules of Polity, not to fufTer their preferments to lye longer in a ftate
of Vacancy. To fill thefe Places, the Earl of Hertford (about that time
advanced to the Title of Marquife) was made and fworn Governour
466
The Life o/William
PART II. of the Prince} Fjjex, Lord Chamberlain of theHoulhold 3 say} Ma-
Anno Vom. fter of the Court of Wards and Liveries ■> Littleton, Chief Juftice df
1 6 4 1. the Common- Pleas, preferred to the honour of Lord Keeper 5 Faulk:
^^^-> land made Secretary of Eftate, and Culpepper Chanccllour of the Ex-
chequer : Which twolaft being Members of theHoufe of Commons,
and well acquainted with fuch defigns as were then in Project, and
men of good parts withal, were thought worth the gaining, and faftned
to the Court by thefe great Preferments. Next for the Vacancies in
the Church they were fupplyed by preferring Williams, Bifhop of
Lincoln, to the See of Tor^ and Winijf, Dean of St. Pauls, to the See
of Lincoln Duppa of Chichejier, to Salisbury, and King, then Dean of
Rochtlier, to fucceed at Chichefter 5 Hall, Bifhop of Exon. tranflated to
Norwich? and Brownrigg, Mafter of Catharine Hall in Cambridge, pre-
ferred to f£x1Mft'Skinner of EriSfol removed to Oxon. and Wetijield,
Archdeacon of St. Albans, advanced to Brilfol^the Bifhoprick of Car-
UJle was given in Commendam to the Primate of Ireland, during the
troubles in that Kingdom 5 and Worcefter, by the power of Hamilton,
conferred on Prideaux, who formerly had been his Tutor 5 all of them
of good parts aud merit, and under fomeefpecial Character of efreem
and favour in the eyes of the People, though fome of them declined
afterwards from their former height. Nor were there more Changes
after thefe, till the fuppreflingof Epifcopacy by the Ordinance of the
Lords and Commons, bearing date O&ober 9. Anno 1 646. but that
Frewen Dean of Glocejler, and Prefident of Magdalen Colledge in
Oxon. was confecrated Bifliop of Coventry and Lichfield on the death
of Wright, in the beginning of the year 1644. zndHowel, one of the
Prebends cHwindfor, and Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majefty, was
preferred to the Bifhoprick of Briftol on the death of Weftfield, before
the end of the fame year.
The palling of this Aft forementioned, put the imprifoned Bifhops
1 6 4 2- in fome hope of a fpeedy deliverance, though it proved not fo quick
as they expected. For though on Munday February 14. an Order
came that they might put in bail if they would, thattht :y fhould have
their hearing on the Friday following, and that fome of them went
out of the Tower the morrow after, as appears by Breviate, fol.25.yet
the Commons took it fb indignly,that either that Order was revoked,
or the Bifhops had fome private Advertifement to return and conti-
nue where they were. The Bifhops being deprived of their right
of Peerage, muftbe fuppofed toftand on the fame ground with the
reft of the Peopie } and confequently to be accountable for their
Actions to the Houfe of Commons, whofe Priviledges, if the Peers
invade, they muft look to hear of it, as well as the poor Bifhops had
done before. And on thefe terms the bufinefs flood till May 5. being
juft eighteen weeks from their firft Imprifonment at which time,
without making fuite to the Houfe of Commons, the Peers releaft
them upen Bail, and difmift them to their feveral dwellings. There
they continued all of them at their own difpofing, till the War forced
them to provide themfelves of fafer quarters, except the Bifhop of Ely
on!y,who,within few months after he was difcharged from the Tower,
was
Lord Jrcbbi/hop of •Canterbury.
was feifed on by a party ot Souldiers at his houfe of Doiavham, and L I B. V-
brought back again to the Tavcr, where he continued t;l! the end o^AnnaVom.
the year 1659. without any Charge or Acculation produced againft 1642.
him. <^-V«W
But as for the Archbifhop of Canterbury, as he firft took pofteffion
of that fatal lodging before any of the reft came to him 3 Co he continu-
ed there after their difmifiion, without hope of finding his paftageout
of it by any other door than the door of death : which as he did not
look for before it came., fo when it came he did not fear it. He had
then been fifteen months a Fritoner lince his firft Commitment to that
place, as far from being brought unto his Tryal as he was at the firft 5
and is to lye there as much longer before hefhouldhear any thing of
them which might tend that way : only they had fome pulls at him from
one time to another, to keep him in remembrance of his prefent condi-
tioned to prepare him by degrees to his laft diffolution. For on O&o.
23.it! the year foregoing,the Houfe of Peers fequeftred his Jurifdi&ion
from him, Conferring it on Brent, and others of his under-officers} and
ordered that he fhould beftow none of the Benefices within his gift
without acquainting them with the name and quality of the party
whom he intended to prefer, leaving to them the Approbation, if they
faw caufe for it. And on October 1 5. this prefent year, for.fo long he
remained withour further difturbance, it was refolved upon the
Queftion, That the Fines, Rents, and Profits of Archbifhops, and
Bifhops, fhould be fequeftred for the ufe and ferviceof the Common-
wealth. In which though he was no more concerned, yet he was as
much concerned as any other of the Epifcopal Order 5 fo much the
more, as being fure to find lefs favour, whenfoever that Vote fhould
be put in execution by them that made it. For on the ninth of No-
vember following, his houfe at Lambeth was forcibly poflTefted by a
.Party of Souldiers to keep it for the publick Service, and 78 pounds
of his Rents as forcibly taken from fome of his Officers, by an Order
under the hands of fome of the Lords upon pretence of imploying it
to the maintenance of his Majefties Children. But upon his Petition,
fhortly after he had an Order for fecuringof his Goods and Books,
though he fecuredthem rather from the power of the Souldiers than
from the hands of any other on whom the Houfes fhould beftow them,
when they faw time for it. Upon the neck of that came another Or-
der to bar him from having Conference with any of the other Pri-
foners 3 or fpeaking with-any other, but in the prefence of the Warder
who was appointed to attend him 5 and from having the Liberty of
the Tower 5 or from fending any of his Servants into the City but
on occafion of providing Victuals, and other neceffaries. Not long
after, the Souldiers brake open the doors of his Chappel in Lambeth
houfe, and began to make foul work with the Organs there : but be-
fore any great hurt was done, their Captain came, and put a period
to their fury. On December 21. his Saddle-horfe was (eifed on by
Order from fome Members in the Houfe of Commons '-, and on 25.
Leighton the Schifmatick} who had before been fentenced in the
star-chamber for his libellous and feditious Pamphlets, came with
468 The Life of W i l l i a m
PAKT If. an Order from that houfe to difpoflefs the Souldiers of their quar-
Anm Dom, ters there, and turn his houfe into a Prifon. His Wood and Coals
1642. feifed on, without any permiffion to rriake any ufe of them for him-
^-^*V^W felf. On March 14. he had word brought him of a plot for fending
him and Bifhop Wren^ his fellow Prifoner to perpetual Exile in New-
England i and that Wells*, a Factious Preacher, which came lately
thence, had laid wagers of it : but when the matter came in agitation
in the Houfe of Commons, it appeared to be fo horrible and foul a
practice, that it was generally rejected. In the beginning of Miy
1645. the Windows in his Chappel were defaced, and the fteps torn
up 5 his Goods and Books feifed on by Leighton, and fome others.
And on the fixteenth of the fame month he was ferved with an Or-
der of both Houfes, debarring him from beftowing any of his Bene-
ficeSj which either were or fbould be vacant for the time to come.
And on the laf t day of the fame an Order ifllied from fome Members
of thatclofe Committee, directed unto prynne and others, tofeiie on
all his Letters and Papers, to be perufed by fuch as fhould be Autho-
rifed to that end and purpofe.
So far they had proceeded in pulling him from himfelf piece-meal,
before they were ready for his Tryal, or feemed to have any thoughts
which might look that way. They had then a greater game to play,
and onthisoccafion. His Majefty at his late being in Scotland expo-
ftulated with fome of the chief amongft them touching their late
coming into England in an hoftile manner, and found that fome who
were now leading men in the Houfes of Parliament had invited them
toiti and having furniftied himfelf with fome proofs for it, he com-
manded his Atturney Ceneral to impeach fome of them of High Trea-
fon, that is to fay, the Lord Kiwhelton> a Member of the Houfeof
Peers, Hollzs, Vyttt^ Hajlerig^ Stroud , and Hambden^ of the Houfe of
Commons. Butfendinga Serjeant at Arms to Arreft their perfons,
there came a countermand from the Houfe of Commons, by which
the Serjeant was deferred from doing his office, and the Members
had the opportunity of putting themfelves into the Sanctuary of the
City. The next day, being January 4. his Majefty being no other-
wife attended than with his ordinary Servants, and fome few Gentle-
men, armed no otherwifethan with Swords andCourage,wenttothe
Houfe of Commons to demand the five Members, that he might pro-
ceed againftthem in a way of Juftice, but his intention was difco-
vered, and the birds flown before his coming. And this was voted
by the Houfe of Commons fof fuch an unexpiable breach of Privt-
ledge, that neither the Kings qualify ing of that Action, nor his de-
fiftingfrom the profecution of that impeachment, nor any thing that
he could either fay or do, would give fatisfaction i nothing muft
fatisfie their Jealortfes, and fecure their Fears3 bnt the putting the
Tower of London in their h inds, together with the Command of the
Royal Navy, as alfo of the Forts, Catties, and the Train -bands of the
Kingdom, all comprehended under the name of the Militia\ which
^if his Majefty would fling after all the reft, they would continue hi 's
tnuji loyal and obedient Subject 1. Cn this the King demurs awhile, but
havijig
Lord^ArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 4^
having (hipt the Queen for Holland, and got the Prince into his own LIB. V*.
power, he becomes more refolute, and ftoutly ftands on the denial. Anno Vem.
But finding the Members too ftrong for him, and London, by reafon 1642.
of the continual tumults, to be a dangerous Neighbour to him, he^^^"^*
withdraws to Torl^ 5 that being in a place of fafety he might the bet-
ter find a way to compofe thofe differences which now began to em-
broil the Kingdom. At Hull he had a Magazine of Arms and Am-
munition, provided for the late intended War againft the Scots, and
laid up there when the occafion of that War was taken away. Of
this Town he intended to pollefs himfelf, and to make ufe of his own
Arms and Ammunition for his own prefervation i but coming before
the Gates of the Town he was denied entrance by Hot!, am, who by
the appointment of the Houfe of Commons had took charge of that
place. The Gentry of Torkf'ire , who had Petitioned the King to
fecurethat Magazine, became hereby more firmly united to him. The
like had been done alfo by the Teomandry, and thofe of the inferiour
fort, if his proceedings had not been undermined by a Committee of
four Gentlemen , all Members of the Houfe of Commons, and all
of them Natives of that County , fent thither purpofely (in anew
and unprecedent way) to lie as Spies upon his Counfels, and asCon-
troulers to his A&ions. SomeMefiages there were betwixt him and
the Houfes of Parliament concerning the atoning of thefe differen-
ces, whilfthe was at Tork^h but the nineteen Proportions fent thitherto
him, did declare fufficiently that there was no peace to be expected
on his part, unlets he had made himfelf a Cypher, a thing of no fig- N
nificationin the affairs of State.
It was defired in the eighth of thefe Proportions, That his Ma je fly
would be p leafed to confent to fuch a Reformation as JI;ould be made, of
the Church Government and Liturgy, as both Houfs of Parliament
Jfyould Advife, wherein they intended to Confutation with Divines, Husb. Ex-
as was Exprejfed in their Declaration 5 And that his Majefty would^ con- adt. Collect.
tribute his befl ajfiflance to them for the raifing of a fufficient main- P- 3°9*
tenance, for Preaching Minifters throughout the Kingdom And that his
Majefty would be pleafed to give his Confent to Laws for taking away
of Innovations , and Superftitions , and of Pluralities, and again fb
Scandalous Minifiers. For fatisfaction whereunto he firft repeats
unto them fo much of a former Anfwer returned to their Petition,
which acepmpanied the rlemonftrance of the State of the Kingdom,
as hath already been laid down in the year foregoing 5 and after calls
to their Remembrance a material claufe in his Meffageof the 14th of
February, at fuch time as he yielded hi* confent to deprive the Bifiops
of their Votes in Parliament. In which it was declared. That his Ma-
jefly hadobferved great andTdijferent troubles to arife in the hearts of his
people concerning the Government and Liturgy of the Churchy andU.Jb.^.^,
therefore that he was willing to refer the whole confideration to the Wifdom
of his Parliament, which he defired them to enter into fpeedily, that the
prefent DifiraBions about the fame might be compofd 5 that he defired
not to be preffed to any [ingle A& on his part, till the whole was fo digejied
and fetled by both Houfes, that his Majefty might cleerly fee what was
Ooo fit
47° The Life o/William
PAR. T II. fit to be left , as well as what was fit to be taken away. " Of which
AanoVom. " beaddeth, that he the more hoped for a good fuccefs to the gene-
1^42. " ral fatisfadioa of his People, becauie they feemed in their Propo-
QL fition to defire but a Reformation, and not (as had been daily Preach-
" edfor Nece/fjry,\n thofe many Conventicles, which for the nineteen
" Monthslaftpaft had fofwarmed in this Kingdom J a Definition of
« the prefent Difcipline and Liturgy 5 that he^fhould moll cheerfully
"give his bed affiftance for railing a Efficient maintenance for
"Preaching Minifters, in fuch courfe as mould be mod for the en-
couragement of Piety and Learning} that to the Bills they men-
tioned, and the Confutation which they intimated, as he knew no-
rthing of the particular matters of the one (though he liked the
"Titles of themfelves) fo neither did he of the manner of the
"other, but by an Informer, (to whom he gave little credit, and
."wifht no man did more) Common Fame, he could fay nothing till
" he faw them. With which general well ftudied anfwer he difmifled
that Article.
Thefe Proportions, and the entertaining of fo many Petitions by the
Houfes of Parliament vifibly tending to the Abolition of Epifcopal
Government, made it appear mod neceflary in the Eyes of thofe
who wifht well to it, to haften the. publishing of fuch Petitions, as
had been prefented to the King in behalf thereof, and by hisMajefty
had been Ordered to be publ'imed accordingly } For what could
otherwife be expe&ed, but that many fuch Petitions mould be pre-
' fented to hisMajefty, and both Houfes from feveral Counties in the
Kingdom, for the preferving of that Government, under which this
Church had flourished with Peace and Happinefs, fincethe Reforma-
tion. Amongft which none did plead the caufe with greater fer-
vency, then that which was tendred in the name of the Gentry and
Clergy of the Diocefs of Canterbury 3 partly out of the efteem they
had to their Metropolitan , and partly out of the affe&ion , which
they carried to the caufe it felf. In which Petition it was (hewed
That notwithftanding this Kingdom, hath by the Jingular Providence of
Almighty God for many years laft paft happily fl'ourifi)ed above all other
Nations in the Chrijlian World, under the Religion and Government by
Law F.ftablifliedJ, y et hath it been of late moft miferably diflrattcd through
the (tnijier Practices of fome private perfons ill affe&ed to them both 5 By
whofe means the prefent Government is dijgraced and traduced , the
Colleft. ofPe- Houfes of God are profaned and in part defaced, the Minifiers of Chrijl
ticions, p. 45. are contemned and defpifed, the Ornaments and many Vtenfils of the
Church are abufed, the Liturgie and Book, °f Common Prayer, depraved
and negle&ed, Thatabfolute model of Prayer, the Lords Prayer vilified,
the Sacraments of the Gofpel in fome places unduly adminiftred, in other
places omitted, Solemn days of Fajiingobferved, and appointed by pri-
7 .ite Perfons, Marriages Illegally Solemnized, Burials uncharitably per-
formed, And the very Fundamentals of Religion fubverted by the Publi-
cation of a new Creed, and teaching the Abrogation of the Moral Law.
For which purpofe many offensive Sermons are daily Preached, and many
Impious Pamphlets Printed'-} And in contemning of Authority many de
what
Lord <tA rchbijhop of Canterbury.
47 1
what Jiemeth good in their own Eyes only, as if there were no King nor LIB. V.
Government in this our Ifrael 5 whereby God is highly provoked , his AnnoVom.
Sacred Mijefiy dif .honoured, the Peace of the Kingdom endangered, the 1642.
Confciem es of the People difquieted, the Minijiry of Gods word di fie art- c-tf^-V^J
ncd, and the Enemies of the Church imboldncd in their enter prif. ^ For
^ redrefs whereof May it plealc this great and Honourable Council,
"fpeedily to Command a due obfervation of the Religion and Go-
•* vernmentby Law Eltablifhed 5 infuch manner as may feem beft to
c- the Piety and Wifdomof his Royal Majefty and this Honourable
"Court. Your Petitioners as they lhall confidently expect a blcfling
ccfrom heaven upon this Church, and Kingdom s fo (hall they have
"this further caufe to implore the Divine Affiftance upon this Ho-
<c nourable Ajfembly.
To this Petition there fublcribed no fewer then 24 Knights and
Baronets, Efquires and Gentlemen of note above 300. Divines 108.
Freeholders and Subfidy men 800. A greater number in the total then
might have been expected from fo fmall a Diocefs, confifting but of
257. Parilhes, diftempered by the mixture of fo many Churches of
French and Dutch, and wholly under the command of the Houfes of
Parliament. Many Petitions of like nature came from other Coun-
ties, where the People were at any Liberty to fpeak their own fenfe,
and had not their hands tied from Acting in their own concernments 5
All which with fome of thofe, which had led the way unto the Reft,
were publifhed by Order from his Majefty,bearing date May 20. 1642.
under the title of a Colle&ion of the Petitions of divers Countries, &c.
\yhtch Petitions being (b drawn together , and befldes many which
were prefented after this Collection , amounted to nineteen in all,
that is to fay, two from the County of Chefier , two from Cornwall,
one from the Univerfity of Oxon. and another from the Univerfity of
Cambridge One from the Heads of Colledges and Halls , this from
the Diocefs of Canterbury 5 another from the Diocefs of Exeter, one
from the fix Counties of North- wales, and one apiece from the Coun-
ties of Notingham, Huntington, Somerftt, Rutland, Stafford, Lancajler,
Kent, Oxfordrand Hereford. Nor came thefe Petitions thus collected,
either from Pcrfons few in Number or inconfiderable in quality ("like
thofe of the Porters, Watermen, and other poor people which cla-
mored with fo much noife at the doors of the Parliament) but from
many thoufands of thebeftand moft eminent Subjects of the Realm
of England. The total Number of Subfcribers in feven of the faid
Counties only, befides the Diocefs of Canterbury, and the Burroughof
Southward ( the reft not being computed in the faid Collection^
amounting to 482. Lords and Knights, 1748. Efquires and Gentle-
men of Note, 631. Doctors and Minifters, 44559. Freeholders;
which (hows how generally well affected the People were, both to
the Government , and Liturgy of the Church of England, if they
had not been perverted, and over-awed by the Armies and Ordinan-
ces of theHoufeof Parliament, which Commanded the greateft part
of the Kingdom. And though perhaps the Subfcribers on the other
fide might appear more numerous, confidering how Active and United
O o o 2 that
The Life o/William
i AIaT If. that party was} yet was it very well obferved in reference to the
Anno Vom. faid Subfcriptions, by a Noble Member of that Houfe J cc That the
1642- cc numberlefs number of thofe of a different fenfe, appeared not pub-
v^S/^o «]ickly, nor cried fo loud as being perfons more quiet, fecure in the
speech by die ccgoodnefs of their Laws3thewifdomof their Law-makers :, and that
Lord vifcount jt was not a thing ufual to Petition for what men have, but for what
Faulklmd,?.^ ^avQ nQU But notwithftanding the importunity of the Petitio-
ners on the one fide, and the Moderation of the Kings Anfwer on
the other , the prevailing party in both Houfes had Refihcd long
fince upon the gueftion , which afterwards they declared by their
publick Votes; For on the nth of September the Votepafled in the
Houfe of Commons for abolifhing Bijhops, Deans, and chapters^ cele-
brated by the infatuated Citizens (as all other publick mifchiefs were)
with Bells and Bonfires 3 the Lords not coming in till the end of Ja-
nuary 3 when it part there alfo.
The War in the mean time begins to open. The Parliament had
their Guards already , and the affront which Hotham had put upon
his Majefty at Hull prompted the Gentlemen of Torkfiire to tender
themfelvesfor a Guard to his Perfon. Thisprefently Voted by both
Houfes to be a leavying of War againft the Parliament , for whofe
defence not only the Trained Bands of London muft be in readinefs,
and the Good people of the Country required to put themfelves into a
pofture of Arms, but Regiments of Horfe and Foot are Lifted, a
General appointed, great Sums of Money raifed, and all this under
pretence of taking the King out of the hands of his Evil Counfellors.
Thenoife of thefe preparations haftens the King from Tor \to Noting-
ham where he fets up his standard inviting all his good subjects to
repair unto him,, for defence of their King, the Laws and Religion of
their Country- He encreafed his forces as he marched, which could
not come unto the Reputation ofl>eing an Army, till he came into
shropjfnre, where great Bodies of the Loyal, and Stout hearted Welch
reforted to him. Strengthened with this, and furniftied fufficiently
with fieldPieces,Arms, and Ammunition, which the Queen had fent to
him out of Holland, he refolves upon his March to Loudon'-, but on
Sunday the i2,th of oBob. was encountred on the way at a place
called Edghill by the Parliaments Forces. The Fight very terrible
for the time, no fewer then 50CO menflain upon the place 3 The Pro-
logue for a greater flaughter, if the Dark night had not put an end to
that difpute. Each part pretended the Victory, but it went cleerly
on the Kings fide, who though he loft his General, yet he kept the
Field, and pofl'efTed himfelf of the Dead bodies, and not fo only : but
he made his way open unto London, and in his way forced Banbury
CaftLein the very fight, as it were, of the Earl of Ejjex, who with his
flying Army made all the haft he couldtoward the City (that he might
be there before the King) to ferve the Parliament. More certain
n:*ns there could not be of an abfolute Victory. In the Battel of
r.-o, between the Confederates of Italy, and Charles the 8th of France,
it happened fo, that the Confederates kept the Field , pofTeft them-
Ives of the Camp, Baggage and Artillery, which the French in their
breakine
Lord \Arcbbijho$ of Canterbury.
breaking through, had left behind them. And yet the Honour ofL \ B. V.
the day was generally given unto the French 5 For though they loft the Anno ~Dom.
Field, their Camp Artillery and Baggage: yet they obtained what 164 2.
they fought for, which was the opening of their way to France, and ^-<^V^>^
which the Confederates did intend to deprive them nift Which Refo-
lution in that Cafe may be a Ruling Cafe to this 5 the King having not
only kept the Field, pofleft himfelf of the dead bodies, Villa^ed the
Carriages of the Enemy : but forcibly opened his way toward Lon-
don, which the Enemy endeavoured to hinder , and finallt entred
Triumphantly into Oxon. with no fewer then one hundred and twenty
Colours taken in the fight.
Having aflured himfelf of Oxon. for his Winter Quarters, he Re-
iblvedon his Advance toward London ; but made fo many Halts in
the way, thatF^?* was got thither before him, who had difpofed of
his Forces at Kingjion^ Branford, A&on, andfome other places. there-
abouts, not only toftop his March, but to fall upon him in the Rere as
occafion ferved. Yet he goes forward notwithftanding as far as Bran-
ford, out of which he beats two of their beft Regiments, takes 500.
Prifoners, finks their Ordnance, with an intent to march forward on
the morrow after, being Sunday November 13. But underftandingthat
the Earl of Fjjcx had drawn his Forces out of Kingston, and joining
with the London Auxiliaries, lay in the way before him , at a place
called Turnhom-Green neer Chifwich^, it was thought fafer to retreat
toward Oxon. while the way was open, than to venture his Army to
the fortune of a fecond Battel, which if it were loft, it would beut-
terly impofijble for him to raife another. At Oxon. he receives Propo-
rtions of Peace from the Houfes of Parliament : but fuch as rather
"did befeem a conquering than a lofing fide : Amongft which 1 find this
for one.
That his Majetty would be pleafed to give his Royal Ajfent, for taking proportion 4
away Superftitious Innovations } and to the Bill for the utter abolijh-
ing and taking away all Archbilhops, Bilhops, their Chancellors and
CommifTaries, Deans, Subdeans 3 Deans and Chapters, Archdea-
cons, Canons, and Prebendaries, and all Chanters, Chancellors,
Treafurers, Sub-Treafurers, Succentors and Sacrifts, and all Vicars
Choral and Chorifters, 0/^Vicars or new Vicars of any Cathedral
or Collegiate Church , and all other their under-Officers out of the
Church of England 5 To the Bill againji Scandalous Minifters 5 To
the Bill again Pluralities, and to the Bill for Confultation to be had
with Godly, Religious, and Learned Divines 5 That his Majejiy would
be pleafed to pafs fuch other Bills for Jetling of Church-Government^
as upon Confultation with the AfTembly of the faid Divines foall be
Refolved on by both Houfes of Parliament;, and by them to be prefented to
his Majejiy.
Which Proportion, with the reft, being prefented to him on Can-
dlemas-day, he referred to the following Treaty to be held at Oxon*
in which he found the Commifiioners of the Houfes fo ftreighted in
Time?
474 The Life of W i l l i a
M
PART II. Time, and fo tied up to their Inftruftions, that nothing could be
AmoVom. yielded by them, which might conduce to the compofing of thepre-
1643. Tent Diftempers.
U^s****> But it was indifferent to them what Succefs they found, cither in
the proportions or the Treaty, who had already entred on the Rents
and Profits of all the Epifcopal Sees and Capitular Bodies , which were
within the Power of their Armies 5 and Sequeftred the Benefices of
all fuch as ftood in their way, under the common notion of fcandalous
Minifters: who if they had offended againft the Laws of the Realm,
by the fame Laws were to have been proceeded againft $ that fo being
legally deprived, -the vacant Churches might be left to be filled by the
Patrons with more deferving Incumbents. But fuch acourfe vvasin-
confiftent with the prefent Defign : Moft of the Silenced Leffwers and
Factious Minifters, which within ten years then laft paft had left the
Kingdom,either for Inconformity, or Debt, or their own intemperance
of Spirit, had oflateflock'd into it amain, like fomany Birds of Ra-
- pine to feek after the Prey. And upon thefe, and fuch as thefe, the
Sequeftred Benefices were beftowed, to be held no otherwife by them,
than as Vfufruttuaries or Tenants at Will-, that fo they might continue
in a fervile obfequioufnefs to the Power and Pleafure of their great
Landlords. With which his Ma jefty being made acquainted, hepre-
fently fignified hisdiflikeandrefentment of it, by his Royal I roclama-
Bibl* Regia. tion bearing date atOxon. May 15. 1643. In which he hrft complains,
p. i'P'32 5- "That divers of the Clergy, eminent for their Piety and Learning,
ccwere forced from their Cures and Habitations, or otherwife filen-
"ced and difcharged from exercifi^ng their Miniftry, for no other rea-
" fon but becaufe ("contrary to the Laws of the Land, and their own
cc Confidences J they would not pray againft him and his Afiiftants,
"orrefufed to publifb any illegal Commands and Orders for foment-
cc ing the unnatural War raifed againft him : but conformed themfelves
" according to the Book of Common Prayers, and Preach'd Gods
"Word according to the purity thereof, without any mixture of
"Sedition. Next, That the faid Clergy being fo forcibly driven out
"or difcharged of their Cures, many Factious and Schifmatical Per-
" fons were intruded into them, to low Sedition, and feduce his good
" Subjects from their Obedience, contrary to the Word of God and
"the Laws of the Land : Part of the Profits of the faid Benefices al-
" lotted to the faid Intruders 5 the reft converted to the Maintenance
"of the War againft him. And thereupon he ftreightly . command-
"eth all his good Subjects to defift from fuch illegal courfes againft
"any of the Clergy aforefaid 5 to pay their Tythesto thcfeveral and
" refpective Incumbents, or their Afligns, without guile or fraud, not-
" withftanding any Sequeftration, pretended Orders or Ordinances
" whatfoever, from one or both Houfes of Parliament 5 and this to do
" under pain of being proceeded againft according to Law , as they
"fhould be apprehended and brought to the hands of Juftice} their
65 Lands and Goods in the mean time to be fequeftred, and taken into
" fafe cuftody for their difobedience : Requiring all Churchwardens
cc and Sides-men,to be affiftant in gathering and receiving their Ty thes,
"Rents,
Lord <*A rcbbijhop of Canterbury. 475
'Rents and Profits 5 and to refill: all fuch Perfons as much as in them L f B. V.
* "laj^ which were intruded into any of the Benefices or Cures afore- Anno Vom.
"(aid -c" this ferved rather to declare his Majedies Piety, than to 164 3.
do;: Liecctarfeofthofe Proceedings: For jurtifying whereof,theClergy fr.^V^J
mud be branded with Offences of divers conditions 5 fome of them
of fuch a fcandalous and heynous nature, as were not to be expiated
with the Iofs of Livings, but of Lives, if any Legal Evidence had been
found to prove them. And that nothing might be wanting to their infe-
licity, an infamous Pamphlet is difperfed, Licenfed by White Chairman
for the Committee for Religion, under the Title of, Thefirfl Century of
Scandalous and Malignant Priefts, &c. Which though his Majefty abo-
minated upon very good reafon,when it firft came unto his knowledge 5
yet would he not give way that a Recrimination fhould be made of the
adverfe Party, by fuch as undertook to do it on far jufter grounds.
In like manner they proceeded to the execution of another part of
their defign, mentioned and prefented in the fai^ Propofition, touching
a Confutation to be had with Godly ', Religious, and Learned Divines. For
not intending to expect his Majefties pleafure, their Commiflioners
were no fooner returned from the Treaty at Oxon. but they caufed fuch
an Affembly to be called by their own Authority, as fhould be fure to
do the Work recommended to them. The Convocation was in force,
but not fit to be trufted 3 nor durft they venture to commit the choice
of men to the Beneficed Clergy* according to the courfe oiNatipnal
and Provincial Synods : That Power they kept themfelves, commit-
ing the Nomination unto fuch as ferved for thefeveral Counties, that
Co each County might be furnifhed with fuch Perfons to perform the
Service, as could have no Authority to bind them by their Condituti-
ons, or any other Publick Acts, made and agreed upon in that Affembly.
An Affembly of a very drange mixture, confiding of a certain number
of the Lords and Commons 0 with a greater proportion of Divines, fome
of which were Prelatical, fome Independent, and the greater part of
them Presbyterians , out of which fpawned another Fry by the name
of Eraflians. And that they might not be bound to this Journey-
work without daily Wages, they had each of them their 4/. per diem
well and truly paid, and were befides inverted in feveral Lectures in
and about the City of London, and the bed Benefices (fome of them
three or four for failing) which could be found in all the Kingdom.
His Majedy looks on this as a new Provocation, a drangeand un-
parallell'd Incroachment on his Royal Prerogative , to which alone
the calling of fuch Affemblies did belong by the Laws of the Realm.
He fees withal the dangerous ends for which it was called, of what
Ingredients for the mod part the whole Affembly was compofed,
what influence the prevailing party in both Houfes was to have
upon it, and the fad confequents which in all probability were to
be expected from it to the Church and State. And thereupon by
his Proclamation of June 22. (being juft ten days after the date of
the Ordinance by which the Affembly was indicted J cc He inhibits all Bibl.Regia*
ceand every Perfon named in that pretended Ordinance (under feve- 331. p.
ccral pains J from affembling together for the end and purpofe therein
" fet
47.6 <t be ^tfe °f W I L L I A M
PAl\T II."fet down , declaring the Ajjembly to be illegal i and that the Adls
Pom. "thereof ought not to be received by any of his good Subjeft* as
164^. "binding them, or of any Authority with them. Which Prohibition
v-^V^Jnotvvithftanding, moftof the Members authorifed. by that: Ordinance
auembled in the Abby of ' Wejiminjler, on the firft of jfoij, in content t
of his Majefty and the Laws : Rut what they* did, or whether they
did any thing or not, more than their taking of the Covenant, and
iiTtring a new Form of Worlhip by the name of a Directory , comes
not within the compafs of my Obfervation.
Such were his Majefties pious Cares for preferving the Peace of the
Church, the Purity of Religion, and the poffeffions of his Clergy',
in the midft whereof he kept his eye on thecourfe of that War, w hich
hitherto he had profecuted with fuch good fuccefs, with hopes of
better fortune fof the time tocome. For haying triumphantly brought
the^ueen into Oxford in the beginning of the spring, with fome Sup-
plies of Men, and a confiderable Stock of Powder, Arms, and Ammu-
nition, which (he bought in Holland, he finds Jiimfelf in a condition
to take the Field, and in this Summer becomes Mailer of the koritiahfi
Weft, fome few places only being excepted. The Earl of Kewcajik
with his Northern Army, had cleared all parts beyond Trent ("but the
Town of Hull) of the Enemies Forces. And with his own Army, un-
der the Command of Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice (two of the
younger Sons of his Sifter Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia) he reduced
the Cities of Brifiol and Exeter, the Port-Town of Wty month, and
all the Towns of any importance in the JVeJlern Parts, except Poole,
Lime, and Plymouth : So that he was in a manner the abfolute Com-
mander of the Counties of Wilts, Dorfet , Sommerfet , Devon *, and
Cornvcdl. , And though the Towns of Plymouth, Lime, and Poole, ftill
held out againft him j yet were they fo bridled by his neighbouring
Garrifons,that they were .not able to create him any great difturbance.
The noifeof which fuccefles was fo loud at London, that mcft of the
leading men in both Houfes of Parliament, prepared for quitting of
the Kingdom, and had undoubtedly fo done, if the King had follow-
ed his good Fortunes, and advanced toward London : But unhappily
diverting upon Glocefter, he lay fo long there without doing any thing
to the purpofe, that the Earl of Ejfex came time enough to raife the
Siege, and relieve the Town, though he made not hafte enough to re-
cover London without blows. For befides fome Skirmithes cn the
by, which fell out to his lofs, the King with the whole Body of his
Army overtook him at Newbury, where after a (harp Fight (with tne
lofs of the Earl of Carnarvan, the Earl of Sunderland, and the Lord
Vifcount Faulkland on his Majefties fide) he had the word of the day,
and had much ado to fave his Cannon, and march off Orderly from
the place} followed fo hotly the next morning, that his owi iUrfi
, which were in the Rere, were fain to mal^e their way over a great
part of his Foot, to preferve themfelves. But being returned to Ox-
ford ; with Succefs and Honour) he Summons the Lords and Commons
of Parliament to attend thereon "January 22. then next following, and
they came accordingly. And for their better welcome, he advances
Prince
Lord Arcbbijhop of Canterbury. ^jj
Hrince Rupert to the Titles of Earl of Holdernefi and Duke or Cum- L I B. V»
berland, and creates James his Second Son (born October 13. Anno AnnoVom.
i 73^.) Dukeof tork^, by which name he had been appointed tobe t 64 3.
called at the time of his Birth, that they might Sit and Vote amongft Lx^v/^J
them. But being come, they neither would take upon themfelves the
name of a Parliament, nor aftedmuchin order to his Majefties Delignsi
ruit flood fo much upon their terms, and made fo many unhandfom
Motions to him upon all occafions, that he had more reafon to call
them A Mongrel Parliament, in one of his Letters to the Queen, than
thev were willing to allow of.
Scarce were they fettled in their feveral and refpe&ive Houfes,
when they were entertained with a hot Alarm, made by the corning
in of the Scots with a puifl'ant Army 5 the great^ft and beft accommo-
dated with all forts of Arms and Ammunition, that ever was muttered
by that Nation, fince it had a being. His Majefties wonderful Sue-
cefles in the North and Weft, ftrook fuch a terrour in the prevailing
Party of both Houfes, that they were forced to caft themfelves upon
the Scots for Support and Succour 3 difpatching Armine, and fome o-
ther of their aftive Members, to negotiate a new Confederacy with
them. The Scots had thrived fo well by the former Service, as made
them not unwilling to come under the pay of fuch bountiful Matters 5
and by the Plunder of fo many of the Northern Counties, had made
themfelves Matters of a greater ftock of Arms and Horfes, than that
Kingdom formerly could pretend to in its greateft Glories. But know-
ing well in what necefttty their dear Brethren in England ftood of their
amftance, they were refolved to make Hay while the Sun JJjined} and
husband that neceffity to their beft advantage. The Englijh mutt firft
enter into Covenant with them , for conforming of this Church
with that 3 They mutt be flattered with the hopes of dividing the Bi-
Ihops Lands amongtt them, that they might plant themfelves in fome
of the faireft Houfes and beft Lands of this Kingdom } So great a
ttroke is to be given them in the Government of all Affairs, that the
Houfes could aft nothing in order to the prefent War, no not fo much
as to hold a Treaty with the King , without the confent of their Com-
mifltoners s Some of their Minifters (Gillefpie, Henderfin, &c.) with
as many of their Ruling Elders, to fit in thie Aftembly of Divines at
iVejlmin&er, that nothing might be afted which concerned Religion,
but by their Advice '■> One hundred thoufand pounds for advance-mo*
ny, to put them into heart and provide them Neceifaries, before they
would budge toward the T weed. And yet all thefe Temptations were
not of fuch prevalency with the Principal Covenanters, as an Aflurance
which was given them, of calling Canterbury, their fuppofedold Ene-
nemy, to a prefent Tryal : Who having been imprifoned upon their
complaint, almoft three years fince, feems to have been preferved all
this while for no other purpofe^ than for a bait to hook them in for
fome new Imployments. The Walls of fome Confederacies, like that
of Catiline, are never thought to be fufficiently well built but when
they are cemented with bloud.
All matters thus refolved on, the Covenant agreed on betwixt thercv
P pp and
478 cfbe Lifeof William
PART II anc* tne Scots was f°lemnty ta^en by both Houfes in St. Margarets
A t Vont' Church, and generally impofed upon all fuch as were obnoxious to
" their power, and lived under the command of their Forts and Garru
\^r"\r^j Ions : the taking whereof conduced as vifibly to the deftrucYton of this
moft reverend and renowned Prelate, as to the prefent fubverfion of
the Government, and Liturgy here by Law eftablifhed. In the firft
branch it was to be covenanted and agreed between the Nations
(that is to fay, between the Puritan or Presbyterian Factions in either
Kingdom) "That all endeavours fhould beufed for the prefervation
"of the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland, both in Do-
"ctrine, Worfliip, Liturgy, and Government 5 and for bringing the
" three Kingdoms to the neareft Conjunction, and Uniformity in Re-
ligion, Confeffion of Faith, Form of Church-Government, Dire-
" &ory for Worfhip and Catechifing- And in the fecond, That in like
"manner they endeavour without any refpedt of Perfons, the extir-
cc pation of ropery. Prelacy, that is, Church-Government, by Arch-
"bifhops and B.fhops, their Chancellors or Commiffaries, Deans,
"Deans and Chapters, Archdeacons, and all other EcclefiafticalOf-
<s fleers depending on the Hierarchy, Superftition, Herefie, Schifm,
" Profanenefs , and whatfoever fhould be found contrary to found
" Doctrine, and the powerof Godline(s. But all this might have been
purfued to the end of the Chace without danger to the life of any,
whether they endeavoured it or not, whether their lives might be an
hindrance, or their deaths give a fpur to put on the work. And there-
fore in the fourth place it was alfo Covenanted, "That they fhould
<cwith all diligence and faithfulnels difcover all fuch as have been,
" or (hall be Incendiaries, Malignants, ot evil Inftruments, by hindring
"the Reformation or Religion , dividing the King from his People,
" or one of the Kingdoms from one another, or making any Faction or
<c Parties amongft the People contrary to this League and Covenant,
"thatthey may be brought to publick trial, and receive condign
<c puniftiment as the degree of their offences (hall require or deferve,
"or thefupream Judicatories of both Kingdoms refpe&ively or others
"having power from them for that efFedr, (hall judge convenient.
Which Article feems to have been made to no other purpofe but to
bring the Archbifhop to the Block, as the like claufe was thruft into
the Proteftation of the third of May, Anno 1 64 v. to make fure work with
the Earl of Strafford, whom they had then defigned to the faid fad end.
And this may be the rather thought becaufe the Covenant was contrive
ed, and framed in Scotland, where none but his fwom Enemies could
beluppofed tohavehadany band in it 5 and being by them fo contriv-
ed was fwallowed without much chewing by the Houfes of Parliament,
who were not then in a condition to deny them any thing.
But by whornfoe^ver it was framed, his Majefty faw well enough that
it aimed attht. 'iibverfionof the prefent Government, and thediminu-
tion of his Power, if not the deftrucYion of his Perfon} the prefer-
•vation and fafety whereof was to be endeavoured no further than in de-
fence of the true Religion and Liberties of the Kingdom* Which how
great
Lord Arcbbifbop of Canterbury.
479
great or litt! 'J it might be, or what was meant by true FveJigion and the £ [ B. V*
publick Liberties, was left holy unto their conftrucrion, who-ivould Anno Vom»
befure not to interpret any thing to hisbeft: advantage. His Majefty- 1645.
therefore looking on it as a dangerous Combination againfr himfelf, ^-^^J
rheeftablifhed Religion, and the Laws of this Kingdom, For the bring- Pri.CRcg.
ingin of Foraign Forces to fubvert them all, interdicted all hisSubje&s p.i.p-332,
fromimpofing, or taking the fame, as they would anfwer the contra-
rv at their utmoft Perils. Which Proclamation, bearing date on the
ninth of Otfober, came out too late to hinder the taking and enjoying oF
this Covenant, where the reftraint thereof might have been moft ne-
celfary, For the Commons were fo quick at their work, thatonA/»#-
day3 September 25. it had beentblemnly taken by all the Members of
thatHoufe, and the Aflembly of Divines at St. Margarets mJVefi mi n-
fteri) in the fame Church, within two days after, it was adminifired
with no lefs folemnity to divers Lords, Knights, Gentlemen, Colonels,
Officers, Souldiers, and other refiding in and about the City of Lon-
don, a Sermon being preached by Coleman (though otherwife a prin-
cipal Erafiian in point of Government} to juftifie the Piety and Le-
gality of it, and finally, enjoyned to be taken on the Sunday follow-
ing m all Churches and Chappds of London , within the Lines of Com-
munication, by all and every the Inhabitants within the fame, as after-
wards by all the Kingdom in convenient time. Profecuted in all pla-
ces, with fuchcurfed rigour, that all fuch who refufed to fubfcribe
the fame, and to lift up their hands to God in teftimony that they cal-
led him to witnefs to it, were turned both out of houfe and home, as
they ufe to fay, not fuffered to compound for their Goods or Lands
till they had fubmkted thereunto. A terrible and woful time, in
which men wercnot fufferedto enjoy their Eftates without betraying
themfelvesto the Kings difpleafure, and making (hipwrack of a good
confcience in the fight of God. Upon which ground, confidering it
confifted of fix Principal branches, it was compared by fome to the fix
knotted whip, or the Statute of the fix Articles in the time of King
Henry viii. thisCovenant drawing in the scots} and thereby giving an
occation offtiedding infinitely much more bloud than thofe Articles did.
Certain I am, that if all fuch a9 died in the War upon that account may
riot go for Martyr sh all fuch as irrecoverably loft their Eftates and Liv-
ings for refufal of it, may be called ConfelTors. Others with no unhap-
py curiofity obferving the number of the words which make up this
Covenant, abftrafted from the Preface arid Conclufion of it, found
them amounting in the total to 666. neither more nor lefs, which be-
ing the number of the Beaft in the Revelation, purfued with iuch an
open perfecution, and profecuted to the lofs of fo many lives, the un-
doing of fo many Families, and the fubverting of the Government
both of Church and State, may very juftly intitle it to fo much 6f An-
Uthrift, as others have endeavoured to confer on the Popes of Rome.
For if the Pope (hewed any thing of the Spirit of Antichrifi by bring-
ing Cranmer, thefirft Proteftant A rchbifhop of Canterbury, to the Stake
at Oxon. this Covenant, and the Makers of it, did exprefs no lefs, in
br ingi ng the Laft Proteftant A rchbifhop to the Block in London*
P p p 2 For
;vBo Tl>e Life of, William
, r tj. For no fooner was this Covenant taken5 but to let the Scots fee that
, arn, they were in earneft.. a further impeachment confifting of ten Articles
^ . was prepared againft him, which being digefted into Form and Order3
v. x'V^J were to this eifedtj viz. cci. That tointroducean Arbitrary Govern-
c;ment, and to deftroy Parliaments, he had caufed the Parliament,
cc held in the third and fourth. year of his Majefty, to be diiiblved, -
"and ufed many reproachful fpeecbes againft the fame. 2, That
",out of an endeavour to fubverf the fundamental Laws of the Land
cc he hid laboured to advance the power of the Council-Table, the
c< Canons of the Church, and the Kings Prerogative aga^o.^ the foid
" Fundainental Laws, and had ufed feveral Speeches to the fameef-
" ferh 3. That to advance the EccleiiafticaJ Power abtyyyeths Laws
" of the Land, hehad by undue meqns to the Judges, procured a frop.
|cof his!\!jii:ities Writs of Prohibition, whereby Jufticeiha^been de~
" layedandhiticred, andthe Judges diverted from doiqg their du-
" tics. 4- Vhata .judgment -being given againft one Burly Sot wilful
" qoq-rendency, . he canted execution on it to be ftaidj .fayfng. That
" be'- w'ould never fufrer a j advent to pafs againft any Clergy-man by
nihil die it. 5, That he had caufed Sir John Corbet p$ shropfiire
"to be committed to Prifon by an- Order of the Council Table, for
" calling for the Petition of Rights and caufing it to be read at- the Sef-
"fionsaf the Peace for the Connty upon jufr and neceflary occalion,
"and had ufed fome other afts o.f Injuftice toward him. 6. Jhathe
" had fuppreft the Corporation of Feoffees for buying in Impropriati-
ons, under pretence of being dangerous to the Church, and State*
" j. That contrary ,119 the known Laws of the Land he h^.d advanced
" Topery^nd Superftition within -this Realm, and to t^af end had
ee wittingly and willingly harboured divers Popith Prieftb1,. as Sanffa
^CUrit} and St.Giles. 8. That he had faid, about four years fiuce.there
ce mult be a blow given to the Church, fuch as hath not been yet given,
" before it could be brought to Conformity. 9. That after the diftc-
"lutionof the Parliament 1640. he caufed a Synod or Convocation to
cc be held, and divers Canons to be made therein, contrary to the
"Laws of the Realm, the Rights and Priviledges of Parliame-nt, dv.
"and particularly the Canon which enjoyns the Oath, which he caufed
cc many Minifters of the Church to take upon pain of Sufpenfion, &c,
"id. That a Vote having been pailed at the Council Tablea little
"before the laft Parliament, forfupplying his Majefty in Extraordi-
" nary ways, if the faid .Parliament fhould prove peevijh, he wickedly
"advifedhis Majefty to diffolve the fame, telling him not long after
"that now he was abfolved from all Rules of Government, and left
"free tq ufe Extraordinary ways for his fupply. Such was the fub-
" fiance of the Charge, which fome intended Chiefly for an Intro-
duction to bring on the Tryal, or to revive the noife and clamour a-
ccmongft Ignorant People which rather judge of fuch particulars by
cc tale then weight:for otherwifejhe-re is nothing in thefe laft; ten9 which
"was not eafily reducible to the firft fourteen, nonot fo much as his
" fuppreffing the Feoffees for Impropriations^ which feemedmoft odi-
" ous in the eyes of any knowing men.
Thefe
Lord tArchbiJhop of Canterbury. 481'
- i Thefe Articles being thus digefted, were fent up to the Lords the LIB. V.
23 of Otfober prefented by the hands of Wilde, a Serjeant at Law5 and Anno Voni.
one of the Members of the Houfe of Commons, by whom he was 1643.
defigned to manage the Evidence, when the cau(e was Ready for a ^*V^w
hearing, on the Receipt whereof it was Ordered that hefhould ap-
pear on that day Seven-night, and to bring in his anfwerin writing to
the particulr Articles. of the feveral Charges: which Order being
fervedupon him within few hours after, found him not very well pro-
vided for a prefent conformity. He had obtained leave at bis firft
Commitment to repair to his Study at Lambeth Houfe, and to take
thence fuch Papers and Memorials as might conduce to his defence 5
but all thefe had been forcibly feifed on, and in a manner ravifht from
him by Prynne and others, which made his cafe not much unlike to
that of the Ijraelites in the Houfe of Bondage, deprived firft of their
former allowance of Straw and Stubble, and yet injoyned to,makeup
their whole tale. of Bricks, as at other times. His Rents, and Goods
were Sequeftred fortheufe of others, fothat he had not a fufficiency
Fora poor Subfiftence, butby the Charity of his Friends 5 much lefs a
fuperabundance, out of which to Fee his Counfel and reward his So-
licitors. And what were feven days to the drawing up of an Anfwer
unto twenty four Articles, moftof them having young ones in their
bellies alfo, as like to make as Loud a cry as the Dams themfelves. No
way to Extricate himfelf out of thefe perplexities but by petitioning
the Lords, and to them he flyes, humbly befeeching, that chute and
Hearn two able Lawers might be afligned him for his Counfel that he
might be allowed money out of his own Eftate to reward them and
others for their pains in his bufinefs 5 his Books and Papers reftored
to him, for the inftructionof his Counfel, and his own Defence 5 fome
of his own Servants to attend him for following all fuch neceffary oc-
casions, as the caufe required 5 and that a Solicitor, and further time
migh b:- allowed, as well for drawinguphis anfwer as providing wit-
neiles. To which this Anfwer was returned. Upon reading of the
Petition of the Lord ArchbifJjop ^/Canterbury this 24th day ^/October
It is Ordered^ &c. that time is given him until Munday the 6^ ^No-
vember next for putting in his anfwer in writing into this houfe unto the
particular Articles brought up from the Houfe of Commons \ in mainte-
nance of their former impeachment of High Treafon, Sec. That Maftcr
Hearn, and Mafler Chute, are hereby ajfignedto be of Counccl for the
drawing up of his Anfwer, who are to be permitted to have free accefs in
and out to him. That this houfe doth hereby recommend to the Com-
mittee of Sequeflrations, that the faid Lord Archbiflwp fhall have fuch
means afforded him out of his Eftate, as will enable him to pay his Counfel,
and defray his other Charges. That when his Lordflrip foall ft down par'
ticularly what Tapers and Writings are Neceffary for his Defence that
fjould be reftored unto him, their Lor dflnps willtakgit into con ((deration.
That upon his Lor dflnps nominating who Jhallbe his Solicitor, the Lords
will return their Anfwer. And for the witneffes when a day Jhallbe ap-
pointed for his Lordfhips tryal, this houfe will give fuch directions therein
us fjall be juft.
This
482 The Life of W 1 L l i a m
PART II. This doubtful Anfwer gave him fmall aflurance of an equal hear-
Anno Vom. mg- His defired Counfelwas allowed him, Hales fuperaddedto the
1643. reft, and three of his Servants nominated to attend thebufinefs: But
vji^V^W he was left uncertain of providing for their fatisfa&ion. His Solicitor
muftbe firft approved by them before he could fettle to hiscaufe, and
whether they would approve of fuch an one as he thought fit to truft
with his life and fame, was to him unknown \ and if he point parti-
cularly to fuch of his Papers and Remembrances, as he conceived moft
neceflary to his prefervation, it was only promifed to be taken into
consideration, which kept him in as great fufperceas all the reft. In
this diOrefs he was advifed by his Counfel to move their Lordfhipv
that a Difcnmination might be made betwixt the Articles 5 to the end
that fuch of them as were held to contain High Treafon might be di-
ftinguifhed from fuch matters, as were to be charged for mifdeame-
nors: but no clear anfwer coming from their Lordfhipsin that behalf
he was Commanded to make his perfonal appearance before them on
the 15th oi November, where by the advife of his Counfel he pleaded
not guilty to the whole charge, without anfwering more particularly
to any Article or claufe contained in it. And on that day month it was
Ordered by the Houfe of Commons, that the Committee Formerly
appointed to prepare the Evidence for hisTryal, thouldputthe bufi-
nels into a quick and fpeedy courfe, with Power to fend for Parties,
Witneffes, Papers, Records, C^r. And to make all things ready for
the fight of the Houfe: the care thereof Committed fpecially to Wilde
who had before brought up the additional Articles. Brought to the
Bar again on Tuefday the 1 6th of January, their Lordfhips were in-
formed by Miynard, in the name of the Houfe Commons, that his for-
mer Anfwer being made only to the Additional Articles, and not to
the Original alio, they could not in defect thereof proceed ( as other-
wife they would have donej to draw upthelflue} and thereupon he
was required peremptorily to prepare his Anfwer to thofe alfo againft
Munday following, though deemed fo General by hisCounfd, as not
to be fufficiently capable of a Particular Reply. Which day being
come he claimed the benefit of the Act of Pacification, for his dilcharge
from all matters comprehended in the 13 Article relating to the trou-
bles of Scotland'-, and to the reft pleaded not Guilty as before. Which
put thecaufe to fuch a ftand, that there was no further fpeech of it in
the Houfe of Commons till the 22 of February, when the Com-
mittee was required to prepare their evidence and the diftribution of
the parts thereof, with all pofiible fpeed. And thus the bufinefs was
drilled on,haftned, or flackned, as the Scots advanced in their expe-
dition 5 and as the expedition profpered in fuccefs and fortune, fo
was it profecuted and advanced to its fatal Period. For understand-
ing that the Scots were entred England and bad marcht victorioufly
almoft as far as the Banks of the River Tine, they preft the Lords to
name a day for the beginning of his Tryal, who thereupon fixed it up-
on Tuefday the twelfth of March nextenfuing.
The day being come, and the Archbifhop brought unto the Bar in
the Houfe of Peers, the Articles of the Impeachment were firft read
by
Lord^ArcbbiJbop of Canterbury. 48^
by the Clerk of theHoufe, together with the feveral anfwers of Not LIB. V.
Guilty before remembreds upon the hearine; whereof he moft humbly Anno Dem.
prayed, that the Commons might be Ordered to fever the Articles 1645.
which were pretended to be Treafon, from thofe which contained
nvfdemeanors only, that fo he might know which of them were Trea-
fon and which not. To. which it was reply'd by Maynard, that the
Commons would not give way to that Proportion, in regard that all
the Articles together, not any of them by it felf, made up the Treafon
wherewith he was charged, that is to fay, his feveral endeavours to
fubvert and deftroy Religion , the Fundamental Laws of the Land
and Government of the Realm, and to bring in Popery, and an Arbi-
trary Tyrannical Government againft Law. So that we have a Cu-
mulative and Conftrudtive Treafon, (fuch as had formerly been charg-
ed on the Earl of Strafford ) A Treafon in the conclusion, Which could
not be gathered from the Premifes; A Treafon in the Summa Totalis,
when nothing but mifdemeanors at the mod:, could be found in the
Items. Whichbeing thus Refolved upon,a long Studied Speech was
made by Wilde, in which there wanted neither Words nor animofity
to make him culpable of the crimes wherewith he was charged , if
his words could have done it. One paiTage there was in it, which was
Subject to forae mif-conftruttion, and fo interpreted by thofe, which
otherwife had no good affection to the Prifoners Perfon 5 for having
fet forth his offences in their fouleft Colours, hefeems to make a won-
der of it that any thing could be expected of the People, but that they
fljould have been Ready to have Boned him, as they did him that did but
A& the part o/Bellerophon in Rome. Which Paflage was inter-
preted for an intimation to the Raskal multitude to fave the Houfes
the difhonor of putting him to death in a form of Law, by Stoning him
to death or Tearing him in pieces, or laying violent hands upon him in
fome other way, ashepaft between his Barge and the Houfe of Peers.
Wilde having done, he humbly craved Liberty to wipe of the dirt,
which fo in jurioufly had been caft upon him, that he might not depart
thence fo foul a Perfon as he had been rendred to their Lordfbips.
Which leave obtained (as it could not reafonably be denyed a far
meaner PerfonJ without any trouble in his Countenance, or perturba-
tion of his Mind, he fpake as folio weth 5
My Lords,
MY being in this Place in this Condition, recalls to my Memory that
which I long (ince readin Seneca, Tormentum eft, etiam fi abfo-
lutusquisfuerit, caufam dixilTe (6.de Benef.c. 28.J 'Tis not a Grief
only, no, 'tis no lejs than Torment, for an ingenious man to plead capitally
or criminally, though it fljould fo fall out that he be abfolved. The great
Truth of this I find at prefent in my felf j and fo much the more, becaufe
lama chrijlian j and not that only, but in Holy Orders 5 and not fo only,
but by Gods Grace and goodnefs preferred to the greateft place this Church
affords $ and yet brought caufam dicere, to plead for my felf at this
Great "Bar. And whatfoever the Worldthinh^of me (and they have been
484 The Life of W * l l i a m
PArvT If. taught to thinh^much more ill of me, than, 1 humbly thank Chrift for ii,
Anno T)4r»» 1 was ever acquainted with )yet my Lords,this I find^ Tormentum cft.'tis
I 6 4 3. no Ufs than a Torment to me to appear in this place 5 nay, my Lords, give
Kj^ST^J me leave to fipeak^ plain truth, No Sentence that can jujily pap upon me
(and other I will never fear from your Lordflnps) can go fo near me, as
caufam dicere, to plead for my filf upon this occafion in this place. But
as for the Sentence, be it what it JhalL, L thank, God for it, I am for it at
St. Paul'./ ivord(Ad:s'2$. li.) If I have committed anything worthy
of death, I refufe not to die } For Ithank^ God I have fo lived, that lam
neither afraid to die, nor afiamed to live. But feeing the Malignity
which hath been raifid againfi me by fbmc men, I have carried my Life
in my hands thtfe divers years paji. I may not in this Cafe, and at thk
Bar, appeal unto Cazfar} yet to your Lordjhips Juftice and Integrity., I
both may and do ; not doubting, but that God of his Goodnefs will pre'
firve my Innocency. And as Job in the midfi of his aff.iftions faid to
his miftaken Friends, fo pall l to my Accufers, God forbid I (hould
juff ifie you 5 till I dye I will not remove my Integrity from me, I will
hold it faft and not let it go : my heart (hall not reproach me as long
as I live, Job2J. 5, 6. My Lords, the Charge agttinji me is brought up in
Ten Articles-) but the main Heads are two, An Endeavour to fubvert
the Laws of the Land, and the Religion Eftabliftied: six Articles
(the five firji and the lafl) concern the Laws, and the other four Re-
ligion.
For the Laws firji, t thin/^L may fitfely fay, I have been, to myunder-
fianding,as Jlriff an Obferver of themfiofar as they concern me, as any man
hath '-) and (ince L came into the Place I have followed them, and have
been as much guided by them, ds any man that fate where I had the ho-
nour to fit: And of this lam firry I have lofl the Tefiimony of the Lord
Keeper Coventry, and other Perfins of Honour (ince dead. And the
Counfellours which attended the Council-Board can witnefis, fome of them
here prefent, That in all References to the Board, or Debates arifwg sit it,
I was for that part of the Caufe where L found Law to be 5 and if the Coun-
fil defired to have the Caufe left to the Law, well might I move in fomt
Cafes Charity or Conference to them : but I left them to the Law, if
thither they would go. And how fuch a carriage as this, through the whole
courfe of my Life in private and public^ can Jiand with an intention to
overthrow the Laws, I cannot fee. Nay, more, i have ever been of opini-
on, That Laws bind the Confcience, And have accordingly made con-
fidence in objerving of them : and this DottrineL have conftantly Preached,
as occasion hath been offered me j and how is it pojfible I JI)ould fiek, to
overthrow thofe Laws, which I held my filf bound in confidence to keep
and obfierve .<?
As for Religion, J" was born and bred up under the Church 0/ England,
as it flands efiablijhedby Law. I have by Gods Blejfimg grown up in it to
the years which are now upon me, and the Place of Preferment which I
now bear. 1 have ever (ince L underflood ought of my Profeffion, kept
one confiant Tenor in this my Profeffion, without variation, or fluffing
from one Opinion i -> another for any worldly ends. And if my confeience
would have fiffercdme to dofi,l could eafdy have flid through all the diffi-
culties
Lord Jrchfijbop of Canterbury! **" 485.""
ad.tieswiich hive been preji uponme in this kind: lutofall Difeaf^ L\_, \ % Vtf*
t:,er held a Pal fie in Religion moft dangerous j, mil knowings and ever Amo pom]
mftppdrurga That that Difiaf often ends in 4 Dead Pal fie. £j^r f&7<ce / I 6 4 3 '
came in place, I have laboured nothing more,tpan that the External FitblicI{Kj0*s/^J
Worflup of God, fo much flighted in divers parts of this Kingdom J mjgkt
beprefrved 3 and that with as much Decency and Uniformity as might.be.
Tor I evidently favo, That the publicly neglect of Gods Service in the out-
:vard face of it,ind thenafly lying of many Places dedicated to that fervice,
hid almofi eft a dump upon the true and inward Worfjip of God, which
while we live in the body needs external helps, and all little enough to keep
it in any vigour. And this I did to the utmofl of my knowledge, according
both to Liw and Can on, and with the confen} and liking of the People : Nor
did any Command iffue out from me, againfl the one, nor without the other.
Further, my Lords, give me leave I befeech you, to acquaint you with this
alfo, That F have as little acquaintance with Kecufants, as I believe any
m m of my place 7/2 England, hath, or ever had fin ce the Reformation :
And for m? Kindred, no one of them was ever a rvecuiant., but Sir
William YVebb, Grandchill to my Vncle Sir William Webb, fome-
times Lord A4ayor of hoiydoi-x 3 and fince which fame of his Children I re-
duced bi( k. ''gain to the church of England. On this, I humbly defire one
thing more may be thought on, That 1 am fallen into a great deal of Ob-
loquy in matter of Religion, and that fo far (as appears by the Articles a-
^ainjime) that I h avc endeavoured to advance and bring in Popery*
Perhaps, my Lords, F am not ignorant what Party of men have raifdthefe
Scandals upon me, not for what end7 nor perhaps by whom fit on ; but
howfoever, I would fun have a good Reafdn given me, if my Conference
flood that way, and that with my Confciencc F could fubferibe to the Church
tf/rVome, wh it fjould have kept me here before my Fmprifonment, to en-
dure the Libelling, and the slander, and the bafe Vfage that hath been put
upon me 3 and thefe to end in this ^teflion for my Life ? I fay, I would
k//owa goodReafon for this.
Fir (I, Illy Lords, Fs it becaufe of any Pledges I have in this World, to
fiv iy me againji my Confidence? No fure 3 for J had neither Wife nor
Children to cry out upon 01 e to flay with them: And if I had, I hope the
c tiling of my Confidence flwuld be heard above them. Fs it becaufe F iv.n
loth to lof: the Honour and Profit of the Place I was riftn too ,<? Surely no 3
For F desire your Lordfftips and all the World fhould know^ I do much
ficorn the one and the other, in comparifon of my Confluence* Be fides, it
cannot be imagined by any man, but that if F fl.wuld have gone over to
them, F fhould not have wanted both Honour and Profit: and fuppofenoi
fo great as this F ha ve here 3 yet fure would my Confcience have ficrved
my f If of either, lefs with my Confcience, would have prevailed with mc
more., then greater agamfl my Confcience. Fs it becaufe F lived here at
Eafe, and was loth to venture the lofs of that .<? Not fo neither 3 For what-
foe7>er the World may be pleafed to thinly of me, I have led a very painful
Life, and fuch as. F would have been content to change, had I well known
how : And would my C&nfcience have ferved me that way, I am fure
I might have lived at far more eafe, and either have avoided the
barbarous Libelling, and other bitter grievous Scorns which have been put
Q_q q upon
586 Vbe Life of W ii!liam
PART II. upon me'-) or at leaf, been out of the hearing of (hem. Not to trouble jour
Anno T>om* Lordfips too long, I am fo innocent in the Bufinefs of Religion, fo free
1643. from all Practice^ or f much as thought ofPraffice, for ary Alteration
U^V^fcJ unto Popery ^ or any blemifhing of the true Protefiant Religion cfiablifed
in England, as I was when my Mother firft bore me into the World. And
let nothing be fpokenbut truth, and I do here re- challenge whatfoever is be-
tween Heaven and Hell, that can be (aid againjl me in point of my Reli-
gion, in which I have ever hated dijfimulation. And ha A I not hated it,
perhaps I might have been better for worldly fafety, than now I am: but it
can no way become a Cf. rijlian Biftop to halt with Gods
Lajily, if I had a purpofe to blajl the true Religion efiablif)ed in the
Church of England,, and to introduce Popery, fure I took, a wrong way to
to it. For, my Lords -\ I have [/aid more going to Rome, and reduced more
that were already gone, than J believe any JJ if 'dp or Divine, in this King-
dom hath done 5 and fume of them men of great Abilities, and fo/ne perfbns
of great place. And is this the w.iy to introduce Popery .<? My Lords, If I
have bkmtficd the true Protejlivt Religion, koz> could I have brought thefe
pien to it $ And if I had promifed to introduce Popery, J would never
have reduced thefe men from it. And that it may appear unto your Lord-
fhips how many, and of what condition the perfns are^ wh ich by Cods
blejfing upon my labours, I have f tied in the true Trctefiant Religion eft a-
blif)ed in England, I full briefly name fome of thnm, though I cannot do
it in order of time as I converted them; I iff, Henry Berkinftead of
Trinity Colledge in Oxon. fduced by a jjefuite, and brought to London.
Two Daughters of Sir R ichard Lechfied in Surrey, fent towards ^ Nun-
nery. Two Scholars of St. Johns Colledge in Cambridge, Toppin and
Aftlton, who had got tl e French Embafiadors Pafs 5 and after this I al-
lowed means to Toppin, and then procured him a Fellotrf ip in St. Johns:
And he is at this prefent as hopeful a young man as any of his time, and a
"Divine* Sir William Webb my Kin f man, and two of his Daughters }
and his Son I took ff cm him, and his Father being utterly decayed, I bred
him at my own charge : and he is a very good Protefiant. A Gentleman
brought to me by Mr. Chesford, his Mijefties Servant* but I cannot recall
his name. The Lord Mayor of London, brought to me alfo by Mr. Ches-
ford. The Right Honourable the Lord Duke ^/Buckingham, almoji quite
gone between the Lady his Mother and sifter. The Lady Marquifs Ha-
milton was fe tied by my direciion,andfhe dyed very Religioufy, andaVfO-
tefrant. Mr. Digby who was a Prieft. Mr. James a Gentleman brought to
me by aMinifter tf/Buckinghamfhire, as Iremember. Dr.Heart the Ci-
vilian, my Neighbours Son at Fulham. Mr. Chriftopher Seaborne, a.
Gentleman of an ancient Family in Herefoidlhire. The Right Honour-
able the Countefs of Buckingham, sir William Spencer 0/Pamton. Mr.
Chillingworth. The Sons and Heirs of Mr. Winchcomb, and Mr. Wo\-
lefcot , whom I fent with their Friends lifting to Wadham Colledge
Oxon. andreceived a Certificate Anno 1 63 8. of their continuing i?t Con-
formity to the Church of England. Nor did ever any one of thefe named
relapfe again; but only the Count efs a/7 Buckingham and Sir William
Spencer} It being only in Gods power, not mine, to prefervc them from
fefrpfe. And now let any Clergy-man in England (omc forth, and give a
better account of his zeal to the Church. This
Lord t+Anhbijhop of Canterbury. -487
This being faid, and all Parties commanded to withdraw, their L I B. V.
Lordfhips, after fome (fiort time of confederation, appointed the next AmoT>om.
Morning at nine of the Clock for the beginning of the Profecution to 164
be made againft him. In order whereunto the twenty four Articles
(for fo many there were in both impeachments) were reduced under
thefe four general Heads, viz. ii His traitorous Endeavours and
Practices to alter andfubvert Cods true Religion by Law eftablifh-
ed in this Rea'm , and inftead thereof to fet up Popifh Supcrftition
and Idolatry 5 the particulars whereof are fpecifiedin the 516,7,8,9,
10,11,12,13 Original^ and 6,7,8 ,9 Additional Articles. 2. His trai-
terous ufurpation of a Papal and Tyrannical Power in the Church of
England in all Ecclefiaftical affairs, to the prejudice and derogation of
his Majefties Royal Prerogative, and the Subjects Liberties 5 compri-
fed in the fixth Original Article. 3. His traiterous Attempts and En-
deavours to fubvert the Fundamental Temporal Laws, Government
and Liberties of the Realm and Subjects of England , and inftead
thereof to introduce an Arbitrary and Temporal Government, againft
Law and the Subjects Liberty 3 exprefled in the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13
Original? and i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Additional Articles. And 4. His trai-
terous Endeavours to fubvert the Rights of Parliament, and ancient
courfe of Parliamentary Proceedings, and by falfe and malicious
(landers to incenfe his Majefty againft them, contained in the 14 Origi-
nal, and the 1, 9, 10 Additional Articles. The managing of the Evi-
dence committed to Mayndrd, Wilde, and Nicholas , all Members of
the Houfeof Commons 5 by whom the bufinefs was drawn outtofo
great a length, that it took, up no lefs than fcventeen daies not alto-
gether, but with fo many paufesand intermiffions (as the Scots prof-
peredand came forwards) that the pleadings were not fully finifhed
till the end of July. I hope it will not be expected that I (hould lay
down the proceedings on both fides, the Proofs and Teftimonies which
were brought againft him, or the defences which were made by him
infull Anfwer to tiem =, that being a work, which of it felfwould
make a greater Volume than our prefent Hiftory. All I (hall fay,
amounts to no more but this, That there wanted neither wit nor will
in the Profecutors to make him appear as guilty in the eye of the
Lords, as his Accufers could defire. And as for hirn^ it is related by
the Pen of his greateft Adverfary, That he made as Full, asGallant, Ca}1t^om.
as Pithy a Defence, and fpake as much for himfelf as was pojfible for the ^' ^ 2*
wit of man to invent'-, and that with fo much Art, Vivacity, Oratory,
Audacity, and Confidence , that he (hewed not the leaft acknowledg-
ment of Guilt in any of the particulars which were charged upon
him. And though the Relator,puttingthe worft glofs upon theText,be
pleafed to fay, that thefe Abilities didargue him rather Obflin ate, than
lnnvcenf-,Impudent, than Penitent'-, a far better Orator,Sophijier,than Pro-
tejiant orChriflian'-,a truer Son of the church ofWomz than oj the Church of
England : yet in the midft of thefe Reproaches he gives him the Com-
mendations of Wit and Eloquence, of being a good Orator, and a
fubtle Difputant 5 which with the reft of the Abilities alcribed unto
him5 confidering the fuddennefs of his Preparations, the frailty of his
Qcjq 2 .Memory,
488 The Life o/William
PA&T H. Memory, the burthen of feventy years, with other natural infirmities
Anno Donu then lying heavy on him, may not unjuftly be imputed to Divine affi-
1644. ftance. What fenfe the Commons had of his juitification, and what
y^^y^*^ fatisfaction was found in it by the Houfe of Peers , we (hall fee
hereafter.
And here we leave him for a time, to fee how fac the Scots proceed-
ed, and what they did in order to the fervice of thofethat fo dearly
hired them, which might be equal to the merit of fb great a Sacrifice.
Of whom we are to know, that palling by the Town of Berwick,
they entred England in the middle of January with a puilTant Army,
confiftingof eighteen thoufand Foot, two thoufand Horfe, and one
thoufand Dragoons, accommodated with all things necelfary for the
Expedition 3 not hindred in their March till they came almoft to the
River Tine, where they were (topped by the interposition of the
Northern Army, under the Conduct and Command of the Marquifs
of Nerve aftle, but fo that they remained unfought with, unlefs it were in
petit Skirmifhes and Pickerings, without engaging the whole Power
on either fide. Langdale, a Gentleman of approved Valour and Fi-
delity, was commonly reported to have been earned: with the M*r~
quifs to give them Battel, or at the leaft to fufler him with a Party
of Horle to afl'ault them in fuch places where they lay raoft open
to Advantages not doubting but to give a good account of his under-
takings. In all which motions and defires he is faid to have been crol-
fed by General King, an old experienced Souldier, but a Scot by Na-
tion, whom his Majefty had recommended to the Marquifs of New-
cafile, as a fit man to be confulted with in all his Enterprifes, and
he withal took fuch a fancy to the man, that he was guided wholly by
him in all his Adions. Which King if he had been imployed in any of
the Southern or Weftern Armies, he might have done his Majefty as
good fervice as any whofoever ; But being in this Army , to ferve
againfc the Scots, his own dear Countrymen , he is faid to have dif-
couraged anddiftvvaded all attempts which were offered to be made
againft them, giving them thereby the opportunity of gaining ground
Upon the Englijli, till the Marquijfes retreat toward. Tork* For in the.
opening of the Spring News came unto the Marquefs of the taking of
Selby by the Forces Garrifoned in Hull by which neccfiitated to put
himfelf, and the greateft part of his Army, into theCity of Torl^, on
the fafety whereof the whole Fortune of the North depended.- FoU.
lowed at the heels by Le.Jly, who,notwithftanding the undeiervedHo^
nours conferred upon him by the King, and his own vehement pro-
teftations of a future Loyalty, commanded this third Army alfo as he
did the two firft, and leaving Newcafile at his back, (truck like a Soul-
dier at the head, not troubling himfelf in taking in fuch places as im-
ported nothing in reference to the main concernment. rVefolvingon
the fiegeof the Capital City, they were feconded by the Army of the
Earl of Manchefter , drawn out of the Aflbciated Counties, and the
remaining TorkJJiire Forces under the Command of the Lord Fair-
fax: By which, beleagured on all (ides, that great Crty was reduced
t o fome diftrefs for want of Victuals, and other neceflary Ammunition
to make good the place. The
Lord *Jrcbbiflooj> of Canterbury. 489
The News whereof being brought to Oxon. 1 r nee Rupert is dif- L I B V.
patched with as much of the Kings Army as could well be fpared, AmtoVom*
with a Comnrilion to raifemore out of the Counties of Chefter, stif- 1644.
ford. D*rl>yt Leicejier, and Lancafter, Co that he came before Tor k , <uP~S/~e^J
with an Army of twelve thoufand men, relieved the Town with fome
Provisions for the prefent , and might have gone away unfought
with, but that fuch counfel was too cold for fo hot a Itomack. Ke-
folved upon the onfet, he encountred with the Enemy at a place cal-
led Marfton More , where the Left Wing of his Horfe gave fuch a
fierce Change on the flight Wing of the Enemy, conlistiug of / iir-
faxhis Horfe in the Van, and the Scots Horfe in the Rear, that they
fell foul on a part of their Foot which was behind them, and trod
mod of them under their Horfes feet : But Ruperts Horfe following
the Execution too far, and none advancing to make good the place
which they hadleft, the Enemy had the opportunity to Rally .-.gain,
and got the better of the day, taking fome Prifoners of good note,'
and making themfelves Mafcers of his Cannon. So that not being
able to do any thing in order to the regaining of the Field he march-
ed off unfortunately 5 the greateft part of his Army mouldring away,
he retired to Brjfiol. After this blow the Affairs of the North grow-
ing more defperate every day than other, Tork, yielded upon Compo-
fitionon July 16. ("being a jult fortnight after the fight) the Mar'
quips of Nevpcajik and fome principal Gentlemen paffing over the
Seas, fo that the ftrong Town of Nemaftle was taken by the Scots on
the nineteenth of Otfober following.
While thefe things were A&ing in the North, Fjjex and Waller with
their Armies drew near to Oxford, hoping to take it unprovided, in
the abfence of fo great a part of his Majefties Forces. On whofe
approach his Majefty leaving the greateft part of his Army for de-
fence of that place, marched on directly toward Wales. Upon the
news whereof it was thought fit by the two Generals to divide their
Armies : it being agreed upon that Waller Qiould purfie the King, and
that the Earl of Fjfex uhould march towards the Weft for the regaining
ofthofe Countries. And now the Myftery of iniquity appeared in its
proper colours 5 for whereas it was formerly given out by the Hou-
fes of Parliament, that they had undertaken the War for no other
reafon, but to remove the King from his evil Counfellors , thofe Evil
Counfeliors were left at Oxon. and the Kings Perfon only hunted. But
the King underftanding of thisDivilion, thought himfelf able enough
to deal with Waller^ and giving him the go-by, returned towards
Oxon. drew thence the remainder of his Army, and gave him a (harp
meeting at a place called Cropready Bridge, where he obtained a fig-
nal Victory on the twenty eighth of June, and entred triumphantly
into Oxon. This done, he marched after the Earl of Fjjex, who had
made himfelf Mafter of fome places in the Weft of good importance.
During this March ithapnedthat one of the Carriages brake in a long
narrow Lane, which they were topafs, and gave his Majefty a (lop,
at a time of an intolerable (bower of Rain which fell upon him. Some
of his Courtiers, and others who were about him, offered to hew him
out
490 The Life of W i l l i a m
PAfvT EL out a way through the hedges with their Swords, that he might get
Juno Dam. fhelter in fome of the Villages adjoining 5 but he Relblved not to for-
1644. fake his Cannon upon any occafion. At which, when fome about him
W^v^w feemed to admire, and marvelled at the patience which hefhewedin
that Extremity, his Majefty lifting up his Hat, made Anfwer, That
as God had given him afflictions toexercifc his patience, jdfre had given
him patience to bear his afflictions. The carriage being mended he
went forward again, and trodefo clofe upon the heels of EJJex, that
at laft he dra ve him into Cornwall, and there reduced him to that point,
that put himfelf into a Cockboat , with Stapleton and fome others of
his principal Friends, and left his whole Army tohis Majefties mercy.
His Horfe taking the Advantage of a dark night made a fhiftto ef-
cape, but the Commanders of the Foot came to this Capitulation with
his Majefty, that they fhould depart without their Arms, which with
their Cannon, Baggage and Ammunition, being of great Considera-
tion, were left wholly to his difpofing.
Immediately after this fuccefs, his Majefty difpatched a meflagc
from Taveftocl^ to the twotloufes of Parliament, in which he laid be-
fore them the miferable Condition of the Kingdom.; remembring them
of thofe many Meffages which he had formerly fent unto them for an
accommodation of the prefent differences 5 and now defiring them to
bethink themfelves of fome expedient by which tnis Iflue of blood
might be dried up, the diftra&ion of the Kingdom letled , and the
whole Nation put into an hope of Peace and Happinefs. To which
meftage as to many others before, they either gave no Anfwer \ or
fuch an one as rather ferved to widen then clofe the breach, falfly
conceiving, that all his Majefties offers of Grace and Favour, pro-
ceeded either from an inability to hold out the War , or from the
weaknefs and irrefolution of his Counfels. But if inftead of this
Meffage from Taveftocl^ his Majefty had gone on his own errand, and
marched directly toward London, it was conceived in all probability
that he might have made an end of the War, fecured the life of the
Archbilhop his moft trufty Servant, and put an end to thofe calami-
ties which the continuance andconclufion of the War, brought with
it. The Army of Ejjex being thus broken, and that of Jlfanchefter
not returned from the Northern Service, He could not chufe but have
obferved in the courfe of that Action, with what a Military Pru-
dence, Lejly had followed at the heels of the Marquifs of Newcajile,
not ftopping or diverting upon the by, till he had brought his Army be-
fore Tork s the gaining whereof, as being the chief City of thofe parts,
brought in all the Reft. And certainly it hath been counted no difhonour
in the greateft Souldiersto be inftru&edby their enemies in the feats
of War. But the King fitting down before Plymouth (as before Gh-
cefter the laft year) and fraying there to perfect an Aftociation of the
Wcjiern Counties, he fpent fo much time that Ejjex was again in the head
of his Army j and being feconded by Afanchcjier, and Waller, made a
ftand at Newbury, where after a very fharp difpute, the Enemy gained
fome of his Majefties Cannon, which ftruck fuch a terrour into many oF
thofe about him, that they had advifed him to withdraw his Perfon out
Lord<zArchbifbop of Canterbury.
of the danger of the Fight, as he did accordingly. But this hed'd foLF B. V.
fecretly and with fo (lender a Retinue, that he was not mift, His Army Anno Vom.
holding on the fight with a greater courage, becaufe they thought the 1644.
fafety of his Majefties Perfon did depend upon it 5 whofe departureV-^V^W
if it had been known, would queftionlefs have created fuch a general
dejection in the hearts of his Souldiers, as would have rendred them
to a cheap difcomfiture. But the Loft Cannon being regained, and
the fight continued with thofe of his Majefties party with greater ad-
vantage then before, each Army drew off by degrees, fo that neither
of them could find any great cau(e to boaftof the Victory.
This Summers Action being ended, in which the Scots had done very
goodfervice to the Houfes of Parliament, it was thought neceiTary
to proceed in the Tryal of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, which had
taken up fo much time already, that it feemed ready for a fentence.
But there appeared more difficulty in it, then at firft was looktfor.
For being admitted to a Recapitulation of his whole defence before
the Lords, in the beginning of September, it gave fuch a general fa-
tisfa&ion to all that heard it, that the muftering up of all the evidence
againft him would not takeitofE To prove the firft branch of the
charge againft him, they had ript up the whole courfe of his Life,from
his firft coming to Oxford, till his Commitment to the Tower 5 but
could find no fufficient Proof of any defigntobring in Popery, orfup--
prefs the true Proteftant Religion here by Law Eftablifhed. For want
whereof, they jnfifted upon fuch Reproaches as were laid upon him
when he lived in the Univerfity, the beautify ing of his Chappel Win-
dows with Pidures and Images, the Solemn Confecration of Churches
and Chappels, the Placing of the Communion Table Altar-wife, and
making Adoration in his Accefles to, or Approaches toward it 5 Ad-
miniftring the Sacrament, with fome more Solemnities, then in Or-
dinary Parochial Churches, though conftantly obferved in his Maje-
fties Chappels} the care and diligence of his Chaplains in expunging
fome ofFenfivepaflagesout of fuch Books, as were to be licenced for-
the Prefs, and their permitting of fome paftages to remain in others
which were fuppofed to favor Popery and Arminianifm, becaule they
croft the fenfeof Calvin i the preferring of many able men to his Ma-
jefties Service, and to advancements in the Church , who muft the
Stigmatized for Papijis, or Arminians , becaufe they had not fworn
themfelves into Calvins Faction h his countenancing two or three
Topijl) Priejlt , (for no more are named) of whom gOod ufe was to be
made in Order to the Peace and Happinefs of the Church of Eng-
land, as had before been done by Bancroft, and others of his Pre-
decelibrs, fince the Reformation. Such were the proofs of his de~
figns to bring in Popery '■> and yet his plots and purpofes for fuppref-
fing the true Proteftant Religion, had lefs proofs then this. Of which"
fort were , His fevere proceedings in the High Cotnmiffion againft
fome Factious Minifters, and Seditious Lecturers the fentencingor
sherfidd , for defacing a Parifh Church in Salisbury , under colour
of a Veftry-order , in contempt of the Diocefan Bifliop who then
Lived in that City, the prefiiDg of his Majefties two DeclirMions.
The Life of W \ l l i a m
PART II. tne one for Lawful sports, the other for Silencing unnecejj'ary, though
Anm Vom. not unlawful, Difphiations 3 His zeal in overthrowing the Corporation
1644. of Feoffees, whichhad no Legal Foundation to ftand upon, and feemed
k^\/^>J defrrucHve to the Peace of the Church and State in the eyes of all that
piere'd into it 5 and finally the Piety of his endeavours, for uniting
the French, and Dutch Congregations to the Church of England, in
which he did nothing without Warrant, or againft the Law.
Such were the Crimes or Treafons rather, which paint him out with
Cant. "Doom' fuch an ugly countenance in the Book called Canterburies Doom, as if
p. 565. he wercthe 'GreateJi Trajtor, andthemoft Execrable Terfon, that ever
had been bred in England. And he is promifed to be Painted out
in fuch Lively Colours in the following Branches of his Charge, as
mould for ever render him as Trea/onnble, and as Arch a Jlf./lefatior as
he 'Was in the others, and in both alike 5 that promife never being-
performed in the fpace of a Dozen years and more fince it firft was
made-, in all which tune, we- hear no news of that performance for
whic'h'the Ground could be but Little, and the evidence lefs. To the
other branches of his Charge, con fitting in Words or Actions he
anfwered firfr, ThattheDiflblvingof the faid Parliaments was no Act
of his,' thebufinefs being pubhckly debated at the Council Table and
carried by the Unanimous confent of all then Prefent 5 that the hard
meafure which he was complained of tohave mown to Corbet of shropn
J}me ("he being but a Private Subject) could not be called an Act of
Treafons That the words charged upon him at the Council Table and
elfwhere, might well have been fparcd 5 That no ill effect d'id follow
on them 5 and that they were innocently though fudxlenly fpoken,
/ " which he hoped might proceed from a man of fuch a hairy, and in-
circumfpcct humour as himfelf ("madefo as well by nature, as by the
'* ' multiplicity of vexations which were put upon him J without invol-
ving himin the crimeor guilt of Treafon} That for his words unto
the King, touching his being abfolved from the Rules of Government,
they contained only matter of opinion, and in opinion delivered at
theCouncilTa"ble, where all had Liberty to fpeak their own fenfe as he
did at that time; which if it were Erroneous and contrary to the fenfe
of others, he hoped that no man mould juftly be condemned of Trea-
fon, for (hewing- himfelf no wifer then God had made him. And there-
upon he defired theLords from his misfortune to prov i d e for their own
fafety,and ferioufly toconfider what a way was chalked out to mine
them., both in their Lives. and their Eftates, if for, every Opinion
given in Council, or Words fuddenly or haftily fpokeo, they (who
are born to wield the great affairs of the Kingdom^ mould be ArA
raigned or Sentenced as Tray tors. To which he added in the clofc„
That there was no likely hood that he had committed Real Ads o£
Treafon , when his adverfe Party was content to trifle away fo
much time about Words: Neither was there any Treafon in them,
though they had been fully verified 5 and therefore in that (as in all
other Articles) he relened a Power for his Com fel to difpute in
matter of Law. Which when it cameto the Difpute ('not called on
by the Commonstill o&obcr 1 i .J the Queftion or Point in Ifl'uewas,
LordtArchbiJhof of Canterbury. 495
Whether &ti% Treafon was contained in all or any of the Articles ivh'ich L I B.' V.
■&t*e charge^ tgainft him $ And therein HearnQ) plaid his part, as the Ajmoj)emt
moiuh of the reft, that after the expectation of more months, and the I 6 4 4.
e!xpence of almoft as many days as had been fpent in the Arraign- v^V^jn*
K-nt of the Earl of Strafford*, his Enemies in the Houfe of Commons
were forced to fall again on a Bill of Attainder , as they had been be-
.bre, after fomuch noife and oftentationof Wit and Eloquence, in the
cafe of that Gentleman.
. For being too far engaged to go back with Honour, and yet not
having confidence enough to venture him to the Judgment of the
Houfe of Peers, as in the way of Legal Tryal, they feemed to beat
fuch.a ftand3>asthe Thames isfaidto beat, under London- Bridge, be-
twixt Ebb and Flood. In which perplexity, fome who were fit for
any mifchief, imployed themfelves togo from door to door, and from
man to man, to get hands agamft him 5 and Co Petition thofe to haftcn
to his Condemnation, who muftforfooth.be forced to their own de-
fires (whereof, and of the Magijlrates jlanding Jlill and fuffering them
to proceed \v\X\\out any Cheeky, he gave them a Memento in his dying
Speech) Which Preparations being made, they followed it with fuch
double ddigence, that by the beginning of November moft men were
great with expectation of afinal Sentence 5 Conceived by fome, That
ihe whole Evidence being tranfmitted with the Prifoncr to the Ju-
fticesof his Majefties Bench, hefhould have been put over to a Alid-
dlefex-Jury: but they were only fome poor Ignorants which con-
ceived foof it. The Leading Members of the Houfe thought of no
fuch matter 5 and to fay truth, it did concern them highly not to go
that way. For though there was no queftion to be made at all, but
that they could have Impanelled a 'jury to have found the Bill : yet
bya Claufe in the Attainder of the Earl of Strafford, they had bound
j he Judges not to declare thofe Facts for Treatonin the time to come,
for which they had Condemned and. Executed that HeroickPeer.
.And therefore they refolved on the fame courfe now, which they had
found befotpfo profperous and fuccefsful to them, to proceed now as
then, by Bill of Attainder, and condemn him by Ordinance 5 in which
being Parties, Witneftes, and Judges too, they were allured to fpeed
.is they would themfelves. And though for ftfhion lake he was
brought unto the Commons Bar on the eleventh of that Mouth, riot
tyjjhout magnifying the Favour of giving him leave tofhew fome Rea-
son, why the BiUfhould not pafs againft him : yet was this but a mat-
ter of Formality only, the Ordinance palling in that Houfe within two
.^a^after. ■ . . , L
But yet the Bufinefs was not done 5 for the Lords ftuck at it : fome
of which having not extinguished all the Spares of Humanity, began
to find themfelves companionate of his Condition 5 not knowing how
foonit (hould or might be made their own, if once disfavoured by
the Grandees of that Tctent Fattion. For the Ordinance having been
tfTanfmitted to the Houfe of Peers, and the Houfe of Peers delibe-
rating fomewhat long upon it, it was Voted on December 4. That all
Bookj, Writings, *nd Evidences which concerned the Tryal, fiould he
R r r brought
494 lie Life of William
PArVT 11. bought before the Lords in Parliament j to the end that they might
Amo Vom, ferioufly and diftinctly coafider of all Particulars amongft themfel ves,
1644. as they came before them. But meaning to make fure work of it,
V-^V"*W they had in the mean time (after no fmall Evaporations of Heat and
Patiion) prepared an Ordinance, which they fent up unto the Lords,
importing the difplacing of them from all thofe Places of Power and
Command which they had in the Army. Which being found to weak
to hold, they tall upon another and a likelier Project, which was to
bring the Lords to fit in the Commons Houfe, where they were fure
they (hould be inconsiderable both for Power and Number. And
to effect the lame with more fpeed and certainty, they had recourfe to
their old Arts, drawing down Watkins with his general Mufter of Sub-
fcriptions^ and putting a Petition into his hands, tobetendred by hirr»
to the Houfes,thatis, themfel ves^ wherein it was required, amongft
other things, That they (hould vigor ujly proceed unto the punifoment
of all Delinquents and that for the more quick difpatch of Publick
Bufinefies of State, the Lords would pleafe to Vote and sit together
with the Commons. On fuch uncertain terms, fuch a ticklidi Tenure^
did they then hold their Place and Power in Parliament, who fo offi-
cioully complied with the Houfe of Commons, in depriving the Bi-
(bops of their Vote, and the Churches Birth-right. And this was it
Which helped them in that time of need. And yet not thinking this
Device fufficient to fright their Lordftiips to a prefent compliance,
Stroud was fent up with a Meffage from the Houfe of Commons, to
let them know, That the Londoners fhould (hortly bring a Petition,
with 20000 Hands, to obtain that Ordinance. By which (Vale and
common Stratagem, they wrought fo far on fome weak Spirits, the
reft withdrawing themfelves (as formerly in the cafe of the Earl of
Strafford) that in a thin and (lender Houfe, not above fix or feven in
number, it waspa(s'dat laft. The day before they pafs'd the Ordi-
nance for eftablifhing their new Dire&ory^ which, in effect-, was no-
thing but a total abolition of the Common-Prayer-Book : and there-
by (hewed unto the World, how little hopes they had of fettling their
new Form of Worfbip, if the foundation of it were not laid in the
blood of this famous Prelate, whohad fb ftoutly flood upforitagainft
all Novelliftn and Faction, in the whole courfe of his Life. It was
certified by fome Letters to Oxon. and fo reported in the Mercurius
Aulicus of the following week, That the Lord Bruce ("but better
known by the name of the Earl of Elgin) was one of the number of
thofe few Lords which had Voted to the Sentence of his Condemna-
tion; The others which concurred in that fatal Sentence, being the
Earls otKent, Pembroke, Salisbury and Bullingbrookj together with the
Lord|M?r/£,and the Lord Gray dtWark. But whatfoever may be faid of
the other fix, I have been advertifcd lately from a very good hand,
That the faid Lord Bruce hath frequently difclaimed that Action, and
folemnly profefTedhis deteftation of the whole Proceedings, asmoft
abhorrent from his nature, and contrary to his known aifections4 as
well unto his Ma jefties Service, as the Peace and Preservation of the
Church of England.
LordzArchbiJbop of Canterbury. 495
This Ordinance was no fooner pallia!, but it revived many of thofe LIB. V.
Difcourfes, which had before been made on the I ke caafion in the Anno Vom.
Buiinefsof the Earl of Strafford. For hereupon it was obferveJ., That 1644.
as the predominant Party in the Vttited rroiinc>\<, to bring about v-<7'"V****
rheir ends in the death Bxrnevelt^ fubverted all thofe Fundamental
Laws of the Belgicl^ Liberty, for maintenance whereof they took up
Arms againft: Philipw. So the Contrivers of this Mifchief, had violated y ^
a'l the Fundamental L^wjofthe EngliJJ) Government, for maintenance c ^
whereof they had pretended to take up Arms againft the King, ft
was ("faid they) a Fundamental Law of the EngliJIi Government, and
thefirft Article in the Magna Charta,That the Church f/England f jail be
free, andfljxll have all her whole Rights and priviledges inviolable. Yet
to make way the unto the Condemnation of this Innocent Man,
the Bifhops muftbe Voted out of their Place in Parliament, which
moftof them have held far longer in their Fredeceffors, than any of our
Noble Families in their Progenitors j and if the Lords refufe to give
way unto it ( as atfirft they did) the People mud come down to the
Houfe in multitudes, and cry No BiJJjops, No Biffmps, at the Parliament
doors , till by the terrour of their Tumults, they extort it from them.
Ft is a Fundamental Law of the Englijf) Liberty, That no Free-man Jhall ; •
betaken or imprifoned, without caufijhcwni vr be detained, without be- ^' %J'-£j
ing brought unto his Anfwer in due form of Law. Yet here we fee a !f and" the
Freeman imprifoned ten whole weeks together, before any Charge Y^tition of
was brought againft: him 5 and kept in Prifon thre<? whole years more, Fiig bt.
before his General Accufation was by them reduced unto Particulars 5 -
aod for a year almoft detainedc\o(c Prifoner, without being brought un-
to his Anjwer, as the Law requires. It is a Fundamental Law of the
Estglifo Government, That no man be differed of his Freehold or Liber- lb. &I<Jem<>
ties, but by the kpown Laws of the Land. Yet here we fee a man diffeited
of his Rents and Lands, fpoiled of his Goods, deprived of his Jurif
diStion, deveftedof his Right of Patronage} and all this done, when
he was fo far from being convicted by the Laws of the Land, that no
particular Charge was fo much as thought of. It is a Fundamental Law
of the Engl ijh Liberty, That no man Jfjallbe condemned or put to death,
but by the Lawful "judgment of his Peevs,orby the Law of the Land^hath,
in the ordinary way of Legal Tryal : And fufe an Ordinance of both
Houfes, without the Royal Ajfent, is no part of the Law of England,
nor held an ordinary way of Tryal for the Englijh Subject, or ever
reckoned tobefuch in former times. And finally, It is a Fundamen-
tal Law in the Englijf.) Government, That if any other caufe (than thofe
recited in the Statute of King Edward iii.) which is fuppofed to Ve
Treafon, do happen before any of his MajeUies Juftices, the Ju ft ices i%> Edn-.^
Jhall tarry without giving Judgment, till the Caufe be jhewn and declared
before the King and his Parliament, whether it ought to be judged
Treafon, or not: Yet here we have a new-found Treafon , • never
known before, nor declared fuchby any of his Ma jetties Jujiices, nor
ever brought to be confideredof by the t\ing and his Parliament \ but
only Voted to befuch, by fomeof thofe Members which fate at IVeJi-
ntinjhr, who were refolved to have it fofoir their private'Ends. The
Rrr 2 firft"
496 *Tbe Life o/William
PART II. firft Example of this kind, the rirft that ever futfered death by the
Awto Vonu (hot of an Ordinance, as himfelf very well obferved in his dying Speech
1644. Upon the Scaffold (though purpofely omitted in Hind's Printed Co-
U?*V-^° py) to which now hehafteneth.
For the paffingof the Ordinance being fignified to him by the then
Lieutenant of the Tower, he neither entertained the news with a stoi-
cal Apathy, nor wailedhisfate with weak and womanifh Lamentations
(to which Extremes rooft men are carried in this cafe) but heard it
with lb even and fofraooth a Temper, as (hewed he neither was a-
(hamed to live nor afraid to die. The time between the Sentence and
Execution, hefpent in Prayers and Applications to the Lord his God 5
having obtained, though not without fome difficulty, a Chaplain of
his own to attend upon him, andtoaffift him in the Work of his Pre-
paration : though little Preparation needed to receive that blow,
which could not but be welcom, becaufe longexpe&ed. For fo well
- was he ftudied in the Art of Dying (efpecially in the laft and ftri&eft
part of his ImprifonmentJ that by continual Faftings, Watchings,
Prayers, and fuch like A&s of Chriftinn Humiliation, his FleQi was
rarified into Spirit, and the whole man fo fitted for Eternal Glories,
that he was more than halfin Heaven,before Death brought his bloody
(but Triumphant) Chariot, to convey him thither. He that had fo
long been a Confejjbr, could not but think it a Releafeof Miferies to
be made a Martyr. It is Recorded of Alexander the Great, That the
night before his laft and greateft Battel with Darius the Per [ran, he fell
Ahumd™ mto *° f°um* a fleep, that his Princefs hardly could awake him when
the morning came. And it was likewife certified of this Great Prelate,
That on the Evening before his PaJJeover, the night before thedif-
mal Combate betwixt him and Death, after he had refrelhed his
Spirits with a moderate Supper, he betook himfelf unto his Reft,
andflept very foundly, till the time came, in which his Servants were
appointed to attend hisRifing.A moft allured fign of a Soul prepared.
The fatal morning being come, he firft applyed himfelf to his pri-
vate Prayers, and fo continued till Pennington, and others of their
Publick Officers, came to conduct him to the Scaffold} which he
afcended with fo brave a Courage, fuch a chearful Countenance, as
if he had mounted rather to behold a Triumph, than be made a Sa-
crifice 5 and came not there to Die, but to be Tranfiated. And though
fome rude and uncivil People reviled him as he pafs'd along, with op-
probrious Language, as loth to let. him go to the Grave in Peace yet it
never difcompofed his Thoughts, nor difturb'd his Patienee : For he
had profited fo well in the School of Chrijl, that when he rvas reviled,
he reviled not again j vhen he Juffered, he threatned not, but com-
mitted his caufe to him that judgeth righteoufly. And as he did not
fear the Frowns, fo neither did he covet the Applaufe of the Vulgar
Herd j and therefore rather chofe to read what he hadto fpeak unto
the People, than to affect the oftentation either of Memory or Wit
in that dreadful Agony : whether with greater Magnanimity than Pru-
dence, I can hardly fay. As for the matter of his Speech, befides what
did concern himfelf and his own Purgation, his great care was to
deer
Lord (tArchbi/hop of Canterbury. 497
1 — 1 , __ — —
deer his Majefry, and the Church of England, from any inclination L I B. V.
to ropery \ with a perfwafion of the which, the Authors of the AnnoDom.
then prefent Miferies had abufed the People, and maVie them take 1644.
up Arms againft their Sovereign. A faithful Servant to the laft: U7*V*^
Ky means whereof, as it is faid of Samfon*\v\ the Book of fudges,
That the men which he flew at his death , were more than they which he
flew in his life: So may it be affirmed of this famous Prelate, That
he gave a greater blow unto the Enemies of the Church and the
Ring at the hour of his death , than he had given them in his whole
life before. But this you will more clearly fee by the Speech it felf,
wliich followeth here according to the beft and mod: perfect Copy,
delivered by his own hands unto one of his Chaplain*, and in his
name prefented to the King by the Lord John Bellafis at the Court
in Oxen.
The Speech of the Lord Archbifliop of Qanter *
bury , fpoken at his Death, upon the Sea fold ort
the Twer Hill, fan. 10. 1 644.
Gc ,d ? op!c,
Tfi s is c.r uncomfortable time to preach, yet 1 fhall begin with a Texi
of Scripture , Heb. 12. 2. Let us run with Patience the Race
whie'h is fet be l ore us, looking unto J E S U S the Author and Finifber
of dur faith, who for the joy that was fet before him, endured the
Croft, defpiflng the (hame, and is fet down at the right hand of the
Throne of God.
I have ben hng in my Race, And how I have looked to JESUS the
A uthor and finifher of my faith, he hefi knows, I am now td come to the
end of my Race, and here I find the Crop a death <?/fhame : but the fhame
muji If defpifed , or no coming to the right hand of God. JESUS
defpifed the fhame/<?r we , and God forbid but that I Jfjould defpife the
(Viame for him. J am going apace (as you fee) towards the Red Sea,
and my feet are now upon the very brink, of it $ an Argument I hope that
God i* bringing me into the Land ^Promife, for that was the way
through which he led his jpeople: But before they came to it, he infli-
tuted a Puffeover for them, a Lamb it was, but it mufl be eaten with ExotLia.S.
foure herbs, I fhall obey, and labour to digeft the foure herbs, as well
as the Lamb. And I fhaltremtmber it is the Lords Paffeover} I fhall
not thinly of the Herbs , nor be angry with the hand which gather eth
them : but look, up only to him, who inftitufed that , and governs thefe 5
for men can have no more power over me, than what is given them Johni^.u;
from above. lam not in love with this paffage through the Read Sea,
for I have the weaknefs and infirmities of flejh andbldud plentifully in me j
And I have prayed with my Saviour, Ut tranfiretCalix ifte, that this
Cup of Red w/*«emight pafsfrom me: buiifnot, Godswill (not mine)
be done, and I fhall moft willing drink of this Cup as deep as he pleafes,
and
498 'Lhe Lifeof William
PART Tt <Pra enter in this Sea \ yea, and pafs through it in the. way that he pall
Anno Vom. lead me.
1643. But I would have it remembred (Good People) That when Gods Ser-
t-^V""5^ vants were in this be) fterous Sea, and Aaron among fl them, the Egyp-
tians which perfecffted then/ (and did in a maimer drive them into that
Sea) were drowned in the fame waters, while they were in purfuit of
Dan.3. them- I ^now my God, whom I ferve, is as able to deliver me from
the Sea of blond, as he was to deliver the three Children/;-*?/// the Furnace:
and (I humbly thank, my Saviour for it) my Refohition is row as theirs
was then , They would not worftiip the Image the King had fet up,
77 or will I the Imaginations which the People are fitting up'-) nor will I
forfke the Temple and the truth of God, to follow the bleating of
Jeroboams Calves in Dan and Bethel. And as for this People, they
are at this day miferably mi fled (God of his mercy open their eyes that
they may fee the right way) for at this cliy the blind lead the blind, and
Luke 5.39. if they go on, both will ccrtainlyTall into the ditch. For my felf, I
afti (and I acknowledge it in all humility) a moji grievous (inner many
ways, by thought, word, and deed i J cannot dwbt but that God hath mer-
cy in (lore for me (a poor Penitent) as well >s for other (inner s. I have
now, and upon tl.is fid occafion, ranfaked c-vcty corner of my heart, and
yet ( T than k_ God) I have not found (among the many) any one fin
which deferves death by any known Law of this Kingdom: and yet here-
by I charge nothing upon my 'judges 5 for if they proceed upon proof (by
valuable witneffes) I, or any other innocent, may be jujily condemned.
And (ithank^God) though the weight of my Sentence lie heavy upon me>
l am as quiet within as ever I was in my life. And though I am not only the
fir ft Archbifljop, but the firji man that ever died by an Ordinance in Par-
liament s yet fbme of my Predeceffors havegdne this way, though not by this
means. For Elphegus was hurried away, andlofi his head by the Danes,
andSxmon Sudbury in the fury of Wat Tiler and his Fellows } Before
thefi\ St- John Bap'tift had his head danced off by a lewd woman. 5 and
St. Cyprian^ Archbifljop <vf 'Carthage, fiubmittedhis headto a perfeeuting
Sword. Many examples (great and good ) and they teach me patience 5
for I hope my caufie in heaven, will look^ of another dye than the colour thai
is put upon it here, Andfome comfort it is to me, not only that I go the
veay of thefe great men in their fever al Generations, butalfio thai my charge
(as foul as it is made) lookj like that of the ]ews againjl Paul (Atfs
25. 3. ) for he was accufed for the'Lzwy and Me Temple, i.e. Religion,
and like that of St. Steven (Acls6.\\.) \for breaking the Ordinances
which Mofies gave, z*.e.Law;rfW Religion 5 the\\o\y place and the Tem-
ple (v.13.) but you will then fay, Do I then compare my felf with the Inte-
grity of St. Paul and St. Steven ? No, far be that from me $ I only raife a
comfort to my felf, that thefe great Saints and Servants of God were laid ,
at in their time, as I am now. And it is memorable that St. Panl who
helped on this accufation againjl SU Steven, did after fall under the very
fame him felf. Tea, but here is a great clamour, that I would have brought
in Popery^ / Jhallanfivcr that more fully by and by. In the meantime
\ou know what the Pharifecs fid againjl Chrifi himfilf: If we let him
;.lone, all men will believe in him 3 ET LENIENT ROMAN I,
Lord Archbijbop of Canterbury. 4^9
and the Romans wi!i come, and take away both our Place and lNati- L I B. V»
on. Here was a caujlefs cry againft. Chrift,thatthe Romans would come, Amo Vom*
a.nd fee how jufi the 'judgment was, they Crucified ChriU for fear leaft the I 6 4. 4.
Romans foc-uld come, and his death was it which brought in the Ro- i-^"V^J
mans upun them, Cod punijking them with that which they mofi feared.
And I pry God this clamour 0/Venient Romani (of which I have
given no caufie) help not to bring them in 5 For the Pope nezjer had fitch
■an harvefi in England fince the Reformation, as he hath now upon the
Sells and Divi (tons that are now amongfi us. In the mean time by Ho-
nour and Difhoaour, by good report and evil report, as a Deceiver
and yet true, am Ipajfing through this world (2 Cor. 6.8.) "some Parti-
culars alfiol thinkjt not aniifis tofpea\of
And I fir ft, This I JJ/all be bold to \fipea\of the King our Gracious Sove-
raign. He hath been much traduced alfi for bringing in of Popery, but
on my confidence (of which I Jhall give God a very prefint account) I
know him to be as free from this Charge, as any man living 5 and I hold
him to be as found a Protejiant (accordingtothe Religion by Law Eftablijh^
ed) as any man in this Kingdom : And that he will venture his life as far
and as freely for it. And I thinly ldo} or Jhould know both his affedion to
Religion, and his grounds for it, as fully as any man in England.
The fecond Particular is concerning this great and Populous City (which
God blefs) Here hath been of late a Fafijion taken up to gather Hands, and
and then go to the great Court of this Kingdom (the Parliament) and cla-
mour forjujlice? as if that great and wife Court, before whom theCaufies
come (which are unknown to many) could not, or would not dofufiice^ but
at their appointment. A way which may endanger many an Innpcent
man, andpluck^hk blood upon their own heads, and perhaps upon the Cities
alfib &*d> this hath been lately practiced againft my fielf, the Magi fir ates
fianding Jlitt, andfitffering them openly to proceed from Parifif to Parifh
without any check: God forgive the Setters of this (with all my heart I
beg it) but many well-meaning People are cough by it. In St. Stevens
cafe, when nothing elfi would fierve^ they ftirred up the People againft * •'•
againft him j and Herod went the fame way when he had killed St. James : * 2%
yet he would not venture on St. Peter, till he found how the other pleafpd
the People. But take heed of having your hands full of fclood, for
there is a time (beji known to himfelf) when Gad (above other fins) flay i# iow
makes Inquifition for blood 5 and when that Inquifition is on foot, the
Pfialmift tells us, That God remembers, (that's not all) He remembers . ■
and forgets not the complaint of the poor, that if, whofe blood is ftied 1 2"
by oppreffion, ver. 9. Take heed of this, It is a fearful thing to fall into
the hands of the living God, but then efipeci ally, when he is making In-
quifition for blood. And(toith my prayers to avert it) I do heartily de
fire this City to remember the frophefie that k exprefied, Jer. 26* 15.
The third Particular is the poor Church 0/ England. It hath flourished,
and been a fhelter to other Neighbouring Churches, when florms have driven
upon them : But alas ! now it is in a Slorm it fielf, and God only knows
whether, or hove it fij all get out 3 and (which is worfie than the fiorm from
without) it is become like an Oa^ cleft to fhivers with wedges made out
of its own body, and At every cleft Prophanenefs and Irretigion if entring
^oo $W Life of William
PART fl.M while ^ as Prorper fpeakj (in his fecond book, De vita! contemptu,
Ann^ Vom' cap. 4. J Men that introduce profanenefs, are cloaked over with the
1 6 4 4- name. Religionis Ifhaginari£, of Imaginary Religion ; we banc loji
\J^\/^t>J the fubjianee, and dwell too much in opinion: and that Churchy which
all the Jejuites Machinations could not ru/ne, is . fallen into danger by
her own. '
Ti e 'Li ft T 'articular ( for lam not willing to be too lovg~) is my felf. I
was borfi and baptized in the Bofbme-of the Church of England, ejtabliJJjed
by Law \ in that Profejfion I have ever (incc lived, and in that I come
to dye. This^s no time to diffemblt God, leaji of all in matters of Reli-
gion v and therefore I defire it may beremembrcd, I have always lived in
the Protejlant Religion eft ablifoed 7 n England, and in that I come now to
dye.* What clamours and /landers I have endured for labouring to keep an
^Uniformity in the external Service of God, according to the DoSinne and
Difcipline of the Church, all men kiiow, and I have abundantly fit.
Now at Lift I am accufed ^High Treafon in Parliament, a Crime
which my foul ever atihorredi This Treafon was charged to conr,Jiof two
farts, An endeavour tofubvert the Laws of the Land 5 andalike en-
deavour to overthrow the true Proteftant Religion efrablifhed by
Law. Be fides my Anfwersto the fever al Charges, I protejled my innocency
* in-'foth Houfes: It was ftid, Prifoners Protejlatiows at the Bar, muji not
be taken. lean bring no witnefs of my heart, and the intentions thereof'^
therefore^! ' muji come to my Protection, not at the Bar, but my Froteliar-
tion of this hour and injiant of my death, in which I hope, all men will be
fitch chdiipibh Chrfjtians, as not to" think, I would die and dijfomble, be-
ing jnfttzntly to give Go^i an account for the truth -of it- I do therefore
here inlhfe preferice of God and hff'holy An gelt take it upon my deatbjhat
1 1 never endeavoured the fubverfion of 'Law 'or Religion V and I defire you
all to remember this Proteji of mine fbr my innocency in this, and from
1 all'^regfons whatfifcve'r. I have1 been accujed ^iikeivife as an Enemy
to Parlictitents S No,l underjiandthem, and the benefit that comes by them
Tv,> vtotf'ti>ell, to be Jo: But I did miflike<tthe mi [governments of fome Parlia-
ments, manyvpays^ and I had good Reafon for iti For Corruptioopti-
mi eft Peffima, there?? no Corruption in the World Jo bad, as that which
is ofthebeji thing within it felfh For the better the thing is in nature,
«oi «i y*H jhtflfyrje it k corrupted." And that being the HigheJi Court, over which no
other hn^s 'jurifdiUi on f^when it -it' MS fa formed lor mijgoverned, the Sub-
jeUisleftTbithout allrem'ddy. But I have done, I forgive all the World,
a$J&Qvery ofthofe bitter Enemies * which have perftcuted me } and
< humbly defire to be forgiven of Godfirji, andthenof every man, whether
lhave'e fended hpmdr not,if he do but conceive that 1 have, Lord do thou
forgiveWh^ariel Ztye^ybr-givenefi dfhlh?;, And Jb I heartily defire you to
joyn in ftayirwibh^^/ WtiicB laid, with a dithnct and audible voice
prayed as foilowetb:
»vrvt\> j'ttAiv-'v Yytt'i&ir .x*iYvtfl&3 £tt'rw«yJApt 1 *tv\t > o> \y(\y':\ y
I'c.'itt^ t«w^ iawt. JV\Sytk uvuAl \. v\ \\ | . V..«\»,
vV- .:avA\ ],\ \)\ v.tvk •£.•' ,vVn) J>«t. • **<vt^\W\*i ■ OEter-
Lord^ArchbiJhof of Gamerbuty. 501
- lib. v.
O Eternal God) and Merciful Father ; look d tvn upon me infanno Votti*
mercy ', in> the Riches and Fulnefsof all thy mercies lo k down I 6 4 4.
upon me h but not till thou haji nailed my. §nj to the Crofs of Chrijl, U^-V*^*
not till thou haji bathed me in the blood cfchrijt 5 not till I have hid
my felf in the w mnds of Chriji : that fo the pitviflimcnt due unto my
(ins may pa fs over me. And (ince thou- art pleafed io try me to the
utmoji, I humbly befeech thee, give me novo in this great injlantfull
Patience, Proportionable Comfort, and a heart ready to dye for thine
Honour, the Kings Happinefs, and this Churches prejervation. And
my Zeal to this (far from Arrogancy be it fpofyn) is all the (in {hu-
mane Frailty excepted and all the incidents thereunto,) which is
yet know* to we in this particular, for which I novo come to fitffer,
I fay in this particular ^Treafon 3 butotherwife my fins are many
and great $ Lord pardon them all, and thofe efpecially (what ever
they are) which have drawn down this prefent Judgment upon me :
and when thou haji given me Jlrength to bear it, do with me as feems
befi in thine own Eyes : and carry me through death that I may^
loo^upon it in whatvifage fbeverit full appear tome. Amen. And
that there may be a Hop of this IJfue -tf blood in this more miferdblp..
Kingdom (I (hall defire that I may pray for the people too, as> *
well as for my felf) 0 Lord 1 befeech thee give grace of Repentance
to all blood-thirjly people, but if they will not Repent, 0 Lord con-
found all their devices, Defeat ax d frustrate all their defigns and
endeavours upon them 5 which are or fhall be contrary to the Glory
of thy great name, the truth and fincerity of Religion^ the_ ejlablijl)-
mentof the King and his Pojierity after him in their juU Rights and,
priviledgcs, the Honour and Confervdtion of Parliaments in their
jufi power, the prefervation of this poor Church in her truth, peace,
and Patrimony, and the fettle ment of this Dijlracled, anddijlrejfed
people, under their Ancient Laws andJn their Native Liberty. And
when thou haji done all this in meer mercy to them, 0 Lord jill their
hearts with than^fulnefs and with Religious Dutiful obedience to
thee and thy Commandments all their days, Amen, Lord Jefosb
Amen. Andreceive my foul into thy Bofom. Amen.
Our Father which art in Heaven, &c,
The Speech and Prayers being ended he gave the Paper which he
Read into the hands of Sterne his Chaplain, permitted to attend him
in his laft extremity whom he defired to Communicate it to his other,
Chaplains that they might fee in what manner he left this world 5 and
fo prayed God to ftiew his blefiingsand mercies on them. And taking
notice that one H?Whad imployed himfelfin writing the words of
his Speech as it came from his mouth, he defired him not to do him
wrong in publifainga falfe or imperfeft Copy. This done he next
applyed himfelf to the fatal Block, as to the Haven of his Reft : But
finding the way full of people who had placed thepifelves upon the
Sff Theatre
502 The Life o/Willia
M
PA&T II. Theatre to behold the Tragedy, he defired he might haveroom to die,
AuitoVsm. befeeching them to let him have an end of his miferies which he had en-
1644. dured very long. All which he did with fo Serene and calm a mind, as
i*r\/^> if he rather had been taking Order for a Noble Mans Funeral, then
making way for his own. Being come near the Block, he put off his
Doublet, and ufed fome words to this effefr. Gods will be done, I am
spilling to go out of this world, none can be more willing to fend me. A nd
feeing through the Chink of the Boards that fome people were got
under the Scaffold about the very place where the block was feated, he
called to the Officer for fome dufttoftop them, or to remove the peo-
ple thence, faying, it was no part of hisdefires that his blood florid fall
upon the heads of the people. Never did man put off mortality with a
better courage, nor look upon his bloody and malicious Enemies with
more Chriftian Charity. And thus far he was on his way toward
Paradife, with fuch a Primitive Magnanimity as equalled, if not ex-
ceeded, the example of the Ancient Martyrs : when he was fomewhat
interrupted by one of thofe who had placed himfelfon the Scaffold,
* _ , not otherwife worthy to be named, but as a Fire-brand brought from
ri \m ftd*"^ to inflame this Kingdom. Who finding that the mockings
om of> revilings of malicious people had no power to move him or (harp-
en him into any difcontent or (hew of paflion, would needi put in and
try what he could do with hisSpungeand Vinegar, and Stepping to
him near the Block he would needs propound unto him fome Imper-
tinent queftions 5 not fo much out of adefireto learn any thing of him:
but with the fame purpofe as was found in the Scribes and Pharifees,
in propounding queftions to our Saviour^ that is to fay, either to
intrap him in his Anfwers, or othcrwife to expofe him to fome dis-
advantage with the ftanders by. Two of the queftions he made An-
fwer to with all Chriftian meeknefs. The firftqueftion was, What
was the Comfortableft faying, which a dying man would have in his
mouth, to which he meekly made anfwer. Cupio dijfolvi & effe cum
Chriflv : being asked again what was the fitteft Speech a man could ufe
to exprefs his Confidence and Afiurance, he anfwered with the fame
Spirit of meeknefs. That fuch Affurancewas to be found within, and
that no words were able to exprefs it rightly. But this not fatisfying
this bufie man (who aimed at fomething elfe (as is probable) then fuch
fatisfaction) unlefs he gave (bme Word or Place of Scripture, where-
upon fuch Afiurance might be truly founded. He ufed fome words to
this effeel, That it was the Word of God concerning Chnft, and his
dying for us. But then findingthat there was like to be no end of the
troublefome Gentleman, he turned away from him, applying himfelf
directly tothe Executioner, as thegentler and difcreeter perfon. Put-
ting fome money into his hand he faid unto him without the leaft di-
ftemperor change of countenance Here honefl friend, God forgive
thee and I do, and do thy office upon me with mercy, and having given
hire a fign when the blow fbould come, he kneeled down upon his
knees, and prayed as followeth, viz.
lord J urn coming asfajl as IeanjktHvelmnfi pajs thorough the ffhtdow
Lord *A rcbbi/bop of Canterbury. 503
of death., before I can come to fe thee $ But it is but Umbra Mort'.s, a L I Ji. V
mecr Jliadow of death, a litt'e durfyefs upon nature'-, but thou by thy Anno~Dom»
Merits and Pajion, haft bro^e thorough the jaws of death, the Lord re- I 6 4 4.
ceive my Soul, and have mercy upon me, and blefs this Kingdom with l-tf^V^J
peace and plenty.; and with brotherly love and charity, that there miy not
be this (ffaffon of chriftian bloodamong ft them, for lefts Chrijl his fake,
if it be thy will.
Then laying his head upon the Block and Praying filently tohimfelf
he fa;d aloud, Lord receive my SouU which was the Signal given to the
Executioner, who very dexteroufly did his Office, and took offhis
head;ita blow, hisSoul afcendingon the wings of Angels into Abra-
hams bo<om, and leaving his body on the Scaffold, to the care of men.
This blow thus given, his life-lefs body remained a fpedracle foun-
pleafing unto moll of them who had defired h's death with much
heat and pifTion, that many who came with greedy eyes to fee him
'ftliTer, w-^nt back with weeping eyes when they faw him dead 5 their
own Confciences perhaps, bearing witnefs tothem, God knows whofe
did. that they had finned in being guilty of fuch Innocent blood. Of
thofe whom only Curiofity and defireof Novelty, brought thither to \. —
behold that unufual fight,, many had not the Patience to attend the
Iilite, but went away alibon as the Speech was ended } others return-
ed much altered in the opinion which before they had of him, and
bettered in their Refolutions toward the King and the Church,
whofe Honour and Relig'ous Purpofes, they faw fo clearly vindi-
cated in h's dvfhS^, But never dy ing words. And for the Reft (the
moft crnh'dcrable, though perhapsthefraalleft part of that Great Af-
fembly) as they came thither with no other intention, then to affift
him with their Prayers, to embalm h s body with their tears, and to
lay up h's laft Speeches in their hearts and memories : fo when they
hid performed tho e Offices of Chriftian duty, they comforted them-
felveswith this, that as his 1 t'e v\ as Honourable, fo his death was glo-
rious : the pains whereof were (hortand momentary to himfelf, the
benefit like to be perpetual unto them and others, who were refolved'
t > live and dye in the Communion of the Church of England. And
if die Bodies of us men be capable of anyhappinefs in theGrave, he
had as grebf a (hare therein, as he could dclirei, his Body being accom-
panied tor. ! irrh with gr>ar multitudes of People, whom love, or
cupo irv% or re,r>->rfeot Conference had drawn together purpofely to
perfbrm that Offi:e, and decently interred in the Church of Alhallows
Barfau» (a Church of his own Patronage and Jurifdi&ion) according
to the Kites and Ceremonies of the Church of England, Tn which it
mry be noted as a think remarkable, That being whilfthe lived the
g«-eateft Champton of tne Com non-Prayer- Booh^ here by Lnw eftablifh-
ed he had the Honour being dead, to be buried by the form therein
prefer bed, after it had been long difufed, 3nd almoft reprobated in
moft Churches of London. Nor need Pofterity t ike care to provide
his Monument; he built one for himfeU whilft he was alive: It being
well obferved by Deering (one of his moft malicious Enemies, and he
that threw the firft ftone at him in the beginning of this Parliament J)
S f f 2 that
504 7*e I4e ^William
. — —
PAR T II. that St. raid's Church will be his perpetual Monument, and his own
Anna Vom. Book ("againft the Jefttite) his lading Epitaph.
1644. Thus fell t^//^ and St. fWi fell with him 5 The yearly Contributi-
i-xJ^^V^W on toward whofe Repair, Anno 1641. when he was plunged into . his
Troubles, fell from the fum of 1 5000 /. and upward, to fomewhat left
than 1500. and afterwards by degrees to nothing. Nolefs than 17138/.
1 3 j1. 4 J. ob.q. which remained in the Chamber of London toward
the carrying on of the Work, is fei fed on by an Order of both Houfes
of Parliament, for the beginning of their War againft the King 5 that
fo they might not only encounter him with his own Arms and Am-
munition, which he had bought with his own Money: but with
that Money too, which he alone had raifed by his own Care and Piety.
Moft of the Materials intended for finifhingthe Work, were turned
into Money s and the reft beftowed on the Parifh of St. Gregories^ for
the Rebuilding of that Church: And all the Scaffolding of the Tower
or Steeple, allotted to the payment of Jephfon's Regiment, who
challenged an Arrear of 1746/. 15/. 8d. for their Service in that
cruel and-unnitural War. The Pavement of the Church digged up,
and fold to the wealthier Citizens, for beautifying their Country-
Houfes ; The Floor converted into Saw-pits in many places, for cut-
ting out fuch Timber as was turned into Money 5 The Lead torn off
in fome places alfo j the Timber and Arches of the Roof being there*
by expofed to Wind and Weather 5 Part of the Stone-work which
fupportedthe Tower or Steeple, fallen down, and threatning the like
Ruine, unto all the reft 5 The gallant Tortico at the Weft-end thereof,
obfcured firft by a new Houfe looking towards Lndgate } and afterward
turned into an Exchange for Haberdalhers of (mall Wares, Hofiers,
and fuch Petit Chapmen : And finally, the whole Body of it converted
to a Stable or Horfe-Garrifon, for the better awing of that City,
whofe Pride and Faction raifed the Fire, and whofc Purfe added Fuel
to it, for the enflaming of the Kingdom.
Thus Land fell, and the Church fell with him 3 The Liturgie where-
of was Voted down about the time in which the Ordinance was
pafs'd for his Condemnation? The Presbyterian Dire&ory authorifed
for the Prefs, by Ordinance of March 13. next following? Epifcopacy
Root and Branch, which had before been precondemned, fupprefted
by Ordinance in like maimer on O&ober 9. 1646. The Lands of all Ca-
thedrals fold, totheexpofingof thole ftately and magnificent Fabricks
to an inevitable Ruine 5 The Bifhops difpolleft of their Lands and
Rents, without the Charity of a fmall Annual Petition toward their
Support, The Regular and Conformable Clergy fequeftred, ejected;,
and turned out of all, ^ to the utter undoing of themfelves, their
Wives and Children 5 A wide g%p opened for letting in of all Seds
and Herefies^ many of which had been exploded and condemned
in the Primitive times, others fo new (and every day begetting
newer) that few of them have ferved out their Apprenticefhip, and
yet Trade as freelv as if they had ferved out all their Time , The
Sacred Mini ft ry in the meantime, or that part of it at the leaft which
coniiih in Preaching, ufurped by Handicratts-min, Boys, and Women,
to
Lord Arcbbifhop of Canterbury.
to the difhonour of God, the infamy and difgrace of the Eng//f/>Na- £ f'B. V»
tion, and the reproach of our Religion, fomuch renowned (&$1b£fe Aff$j%
'om*
asheremained in Power) both for external Glory and internal Puri- r 644.
tv. And yet it cannot be denied, but that he fell very opportunely in L*7*V"VJ
regard of himfelf, before he faw thofe horrible Confulions which have
(ihee brake into the Church, the diffipation cf the Clergy, the moft ca-
lamitous death of his Gracious Sovereign, and the Extermination
threatned to the Royal Family: any of which would have been far
more grievous to him, than a thoufand deaths. The opportunity of
a quiet and untroubled death, was reckoned for a great felicity in the
Noble (4) Agricola, who could not but in the courfeof a long life, r^tufcelh
have felt the hundredth part of thofe Griefs and Sorrows, which Jgrrcoia,mn
would have pierced the Soul of this Pious Prelate, had not God ga> ^barhTtelti
thered him to his Fathers in fo good an hour. etiamopponu-
But fallen he is 5 and being fallen, there is no queftion to be made,
but moft men would fpend their Judgments of his Life and Actions. Agric. '
(A) One tells us of him. That the roughnefs of his uncourtly Nature, (bj Derhg't
fent moftmen difcontented from him} though afterwards, of hisown coilelfionof
accord, he would find means to fweeten many of them again, when s^eeches'
they leaft looked for it. (c) Another,Thathehad fo little command of (c)ch.Hift.
his paflions, that he could not reprefs them at the Star-chamber, or E-11-?-2l9-
the Hi<ih-Commi\]ion 5 which made his Cenfure always follow the fe-
verer fide. Some thought, That out of a diflike of that Popularity;,
which was too much affected by his Predeceflor, he was carried on
fo far to the t'oher extreme, as to fail in many neceffary Civilities
to the Nobility and Gentry, by which he might have obliged thefTJ,
and indeed himfelf. Cthers, that by this referved, and implaufible
humour, he fo far loft the love of hisownDiocefs (the Gentry where-
of he neither entertained at Canterbury, nor feafted at Lambeth, as
all his Predeceflbrs had done before him) that one of them whbferv-
edin Parliament for the County of Kent, threw the firft dirt at him.
Some faid that he trufted too much to his own fingle judgement, in
the Contriving and carryingon of his defigns^ feldom advifing with
any of the other Bifhops, till he had digefted the whole bufinefs, and
then referring nothing to them but the Execution, which made it lefs
Cordially followed by the greater part, then it had been othervvile.
And others, that he prefumed too much on the Love and Goodnefs
of the Ring, whofe Love and Goodnefs not being feconded by Power,
proved afterwards fo inefficient to fave him harmlefs, and keep his
head on his fhoulders, that it ferved rather toexpofe him to the pub-
lick hatred, fn which Refpeft it was conceived that the Lord Pro-
tector sommerfet followed his work more like a States-man (though
of himfelf he was accounted no deep Politician) not venturing on
the Alteration of Religion which he had projected, till+ie had put
himfelf into the head of an Army, under Pretence of making War
againft the Scots $ nothing but the unfeafonable disbanding whereof
could have plunged him into thofe Calamities, which enfued upon
it. ft was difcourfed by fome that he was too fuddain and precipi-
tate, in the purfuit of his undertakings, the fruits whereof he defired
to '
506 The Life o/William
PART U. to tafte before they were ripe 5 and did not think the work wetidone,
AmoVom. except he might enjoy as well the comfort of it in his Life, as the Ho-
164 4. nour of it after his death: quite contrary therein tothe Grandees of the
trf^V"*w Puritan faction, who.after the firft heats were over in Queen Elizabeths
time, carried their work for thirty years together, like Moles under the
Ground, not carting up any earth before them, till they had madefo
ftrong a party in the Houfe of Commons as was able to hold the Ring
to their own Conditions. And therefore it was thought by others, that
hisbufinefs was not fo well timed as it (hould have been} the three firft
Parliaments of this King being diftolved in fuch difcontentraents, as
could not eafily be forgotten 5 the Scots as much exafperated by the
Commiffion of ' Snmndries, which they expreft plainly by their difaf-
feftions to his Perfon and Government, at his firft Parliament in that
Kingdom ; and the Ettgtijh fhortly after, ftartled by the Writs for ship-
ntony^ which leemed to threatned adeftruction tothatle^/ Property,
which every man challenged in his own.
Some who feemed wiitr then the Reft complained, that his Em-
bracements were too large and general 5 and that he had more frons
in the fire at once, then could be well hammer'd in one forge. Not
fufferin^ any one of his Counfels to hold on a probationflip , before it
was retarded and pulled back by another. By means whereof the
whole piecebeing laid open at once, the Figures of it appeared more
terrible and unhandfomly wrought then otherwife they would have
done, in cafe they bad been fhown by little and little. By thefe it
wasdi(courfed, thru within the (pace of one year after his coming to
«nc Chair of Canterlmry.} he bad engaged himfelf, in fix feveralCoun-
-~ felsand defigns^ all of them of (0 high a narure, that each of them
might have been enough to take up that fhort remainder of time which
hehadtohve. It was confefied, that the connivence and Remifnefs
of his Predecefior had left him work enough to do 5 but then it was
averred withal, and proved by Ordinary obfervation, that an un-
tkilful Carpenter might pull down more in one day then theableftAr-
chitedin the World could build up in twenty 3 and therefore that the
Ruines of twenty years, were not ro be repaired in one. And for the
Proof of this they were plealed to note, thar within fix weeks after
his coming to that Chair, his Majefty had laid the Foundation of the
ScottiJJj Liturgy, by iil'uing out Irs inftnicTions of the 8th. of October
for Officiating the Divide service in his Chappel at Eden borough, ac-
cording to the Form and Ceremony of h:s Royal Chappel at JVhrts
Halh that he had feconded it within ten days after by reviving his Fa-
thers Declaration about Lawful Snorts, with fome additions of his
own 5 and thirded it in the very beginnirg of November by an Order
of the Council Table in thecale of 8l» Gfegories, for tranfpofing- the
Communion-Table to the Place of the Altar* and that within the
firft fix Months, of the vear next following, he lent out two Injun-
clronsfor reducing the Congregations of the French and Dutch to the
Liturgy and Church of EngUntb\ Countenanced the Petition of the
London Minifters3 for encratfe of maintainance, in the juft payment
of they: Tithes 5 and procured the Repealing of the Iri/l) Articles,
and
Lord lArcbbifkof of Canterbury.
507
nnd thofe of England to be approved and received in the place thereof. L J B. V.
And what faid they could be more unadvifedly, and unpolitickly AnnoDom-
done, then to draw upon himfelf at once the high difpleafure of three 1644.
Ktngdomsin thefeveral Concernments of each Nation as alfoall the V^V^J
Cenevian Churches abroad in their Proper Interefles, Fomented by
the Pride and Purfe of the City of London , and profecuted by the Ma-
lice andActivityof the p//r/ta» faction, in them all united in the Com-
mon quarrel of the Lords day Sabbath ? They added that King Edward
the firft, began not with the Conqueftof Wales, before he had well
fetled his affairs in England, and that he undertook not the following
War againft the scots (whom afterwards he brought under his obedi-
ence J till fome years after he had finifhed the Conquelt of Wales 5 that
a6all Superfetations are dangerous to the Product of the birth of Na-
ture i and nothing more Repugnant to a Regular Diet than to fill the
Stomach with frefti viands, before it is Emptied of the Former } fo no-
thing can be more deftru&iveto the Body Politick, than to try two
many Experiments at once upon it, which cannot poffibly work well
together to the publick health '■, and therefore, that he fhould have
practifed upon one Kingdom after another as belt became Co able a Phy-
fician, and fo exact a Matter in the Art of a Chriftian Warfare , that
one of them might have followed the good Example of the other, and
not all joyn together (like fo many ill humours) to the common di-
fturbance of the work.
Such were the Cenfures and Difcourfes, which were palTed upon
himbetwixt his Imprifonment and his Death, and for fome years after.
In which how much or little there is of truth,is left unto the judgment
of thofe, who are more thoroughly acquainted with his difpofition
and affections, his fecret Counfels, and the Reafons which directed him
in the conduct of them, than I can honeftly pretend to. All I can fay,
is that, which may be faid by any other, which had no more accefs to
him than my felf : Of Stature he was low, but of a ftrong Compofi-
tion 5 fo fhort a Trunck never contained fo much excellent Treafure,
which therefore was to be the ttronger,by reafon of the wealth which
was lodged within it. His Countenance chearfuland well-bloudied,
more flefbly, (as I have often heard him fay) than any other part of
his body , which chearfulnefs and vivacity he carried with him to tl\e
very Block, notwithftanding the Afflictions of four years Imprifon-
ment, and the infelicity of the times. For at his firft Commitment he
befought God (as is obferved in the Breviate~)to give him foil patience,
proportionable comfort, and contentment with vehatfoever he foould fend j
and he was heard in what he prayed for : for notwithftanding that he
had fed long on the bread of carefulnefs,md drank the ncatey of affiUion\
yet as the Scripture telleth us of the four Hebrew Children, his Coun-
tenance appeared fairer and fatter in flejlj, than any of thofe who eat ^a"' J* '3*
their portion of the Kings Meat, snddranJ^of his Wine A gallant Spi-
rit being for the moft part like the Sun, which (hews the greater at his
fetting. But to proceed in that weak Character, which my Pen is
able to afford him, of Apprehenfion he was quick and fudden, of a
very fociable Wit9 and a pieafant Humour 5 and one that knew a«
• well
IT il i ' 1 in ■ ■
508 TbeLifeofW illi am
PART II. well how to put off the Gravity of his Place, and Perfon, when he
AAnt Vonu faw occafion, as any man living whatfoever 5 Acceffible enough at all
1644. times but when he was tired out with multiplicity and vexation of
u^V^J'bufi'nefs, which fome3 who did undedfand him, afcribedunto the na-
tural ruggednefsof his Difpofition J, Zealous he was in the Religion
hereeftablifhed, as hath been made apparent in the eourfe of this Hi-
itory-, Conftantnot only to the Publick Prayers in his Chappel, but
to his private Devotions in his Clofet 5 A fpecial Benefactor to the
Town of 'Readings where he had his Birth, and to the Univerfity of
Qxon. where he had his Breeding} fo much the more to this laft, as
he preferred his Well-being before his Being. Happy in this, that he'
accomplifhed thofe good works in the time of his Life, which other-
wife mull: have fhrunkto nothing in the hands of Executors. To
fpeak of the Integrity of fo great a Perfon, would be an injury to his
VertUcs: One Argument whereof may be, if there were no other,
That info long a time of Power and Greatnefs, wherein he had the
principal managingol Affairs both in Church and State, hemadehim-
felf theMafterof fofmall a Fortune, that it was totally exhaufted in
h:s Benefactions unto Oxon. and Readings before rememhred. The-
reft I fhall refer to the Breviate of his Life and A&ion, though publifh-
ed of purpofe to defame him, and render him more odious to the
Common People : In which it will appear, to an equal and impartial
Reader, That he was a man of fuch eminent Vertues, fuch an exem-
plary Piety towards God, fuch an unwearied Fidelity tohis Graci-
ous Sovereign, of fuch a publick Soul towards Church and State,' fo>
fixta Conftancy in Friendihip, and one fo little byafled by. his private
Interetfes, that Plutarch, if he were alive, would be muck troubled to
find a fufficient Parallel wherewith to match himin all the Lineaments
of perfect Vertue.
Thus lived this mod: Reverend, Renowned, and Religious Prelate }
and thus he died when he had lived feventy one years, thirteen
Weeks, and four days, ifattheleaft he may be properly find to die:
the great Example of whofe Vertue (hall continue alway, not only in
the Minds of Men, but in the Annals of fucceeding Ages with Renown
and Fame. His Death the more remarkable in falling on St. Williams
day,asifitdiddefignhim to an equal place in the Euglijij Calendar,
with that which William, Archbifhop of Bourgeois, had obtained in
the French^ Who being as great a Zealot in his time againft thefpread-
ing and increafeof the Albigenfes, (as Laud was thought to be againft
thofe of the Puritan Fadrion, and the Scottifh Covenanters) hath ever
fince been honoured as a Saint in the Gallican Church ? the tenth of
January being deftined for thefolemnitiesof his Commemoration, on
which day our Laud afcended from the Scaffold to a Throne of Glory.
The End of the Second Part.
5°9
IL IL Cj
ON THE
DEATH
O F
The mo ft Reverend FATHER in GO
WILLIAM ,
Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury, <3cc.
January 10. 1644.
Horat. Carm. Lib. 4. Od. 8.
Dicvntti Liude Virnm mtifd vetat mori.
A N D yet not leave thee thus, I fain would try
Zjk A Line or two by way of Elegy ;
/ % And wail fo fad a Lofs, if to exprefs
The greatnefs of it, would not make it lefs.
If to Lament thee might not vex thee more
Than all the Scorns thou haft endur'd before,
And make thee think we envied thee thy dart.
Or doubted that thou wcrt not where thou art.
Yet, with thy leave, I needs muft drop a Verfe.
Write it with Tears, and fit it for thy Herfe ;
Ttt And
510
An Elegte.
And at ilis diftance from thy Grave, which lacks
The Pomps of Sorrow, hang my Heart with Blacks.
Religious Prelate, What a Calm haft thou,
I'th* midft of thofe turbulent Storms, which now
Shipwrack this ffland ! At how cheap a Rate
Haft thou procur'd this Change of thy Eftate 1
The Mitre, for a Crown j A few poor days,
For endlefs Biifs } Vile Earth, for Heavenly Joys I
Such Glories haft: thou found, fuch Alteration
In this thy Higheft, as thy laft. TranfJation.
How were thine Enemies deceiv'd, when they
Advanc'd thee thus and chalk'd thee out the Way?
A Way fo welcome to thee! No Divine
But knows the Red-Sea leads to Paleftine :
And fince Chrift Jefus Sanctified the Crofs,
Death's the beft Purchafe, Life thegreateft Lofs. T
Nor be thou griev'd, Bl< ft Soul, that Men do Aill '
Purfue thee nich black Slander*, and do kill
Thy ftiadownow, and trample on thy Ghoft,
(As He&ors Carcafs, by the Grecian HuiV)
Or that thou want'ft: Inscriptions, and a Stone,
T' ingrave thy Name, and write thy Titles on.
Thou art above thofe Trifles, and (halt ftand
As muc^ above Mens malice. Though the Fand
Of bafe Detraction hath derll'd thy Name,
And fpotlefs Virtues ; yet impartial Fame
Shall do thee all juft Honours, and fet forth
To all fucceeding Times thy matchlefs Worth.
No Annals {hall be writ, but what Relate
Thy happy Influence both on Church and State v
Thy Zeal to Publick Order, Thy Great Parts
For all Affairs of Weight, Thy Love to Arts ,
And, to our fhame, and his great Glory, tell,
For whofe dean: Sake, by whofe vile Hands he fell.
(A Death fo full of Merits, of fuch Price,
To God and Man fo fweet a ^acrlto
As by good Church- Law may his Name prefer
To a flxt Rubrick in the Kalender.
And
<zAn Elegie
And let this filence the Pure SsBs Complaint,
If they make Martyrs, we may make a Saint.)
Or mould Men envy thee this Right, thy Praife
An Obfequie unto it felf can raife.
Thy brave Attempt on Pauls, in time to come,
Shall be a Monument beyond a Tombe :
Thy Book (hall be thy Statua, where we find
The Image of thy Nobler Part, thy Mind .*
Thy Name (hall be thy Epitaph, and he
Which hears and reads of that, mall publifh thee
Above the reach 6f Titles, and {hall fay
None tould exprefs thy Worths a braver way.
And thus, though murther'd, thou (halt never die,
But live Renown 'd to all Pofterity.
Reft thou then happy in the Sweets of Blifs,
Th* Elyi»ian^ the Chriftians Paradife,
Exempt from Wordly Cares, fecure from Fears *,
And let ut have thy Prayers, as thou our Tears.
-no I yen w .ton* pm&Vl r{rn smh;
pint IS.
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